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Journal articles on the topic 'Mixe language'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 27 July 2025

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1

Dieterman, Julia. "Word order variation in Isthmus Mixe." Studies in Language 26, no. 2 (2002): 217–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.26.2.02die.

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In the face of evidence of considerable word order variation in Mixe languages, this article posits a basic word order of SOV for Isthmus Mixe, analyzing the language as having an inverse voice category that partially explains the observed surface word order variation. Using functional criteria established for voice distinctions by Givón (1994), it is shown that the Object is higher in topicality than the Subject in inverse-transitive clauses, as attested by ellipsis of the Subject and by topicality measures of Referential Distance and Topic Persistence. When inverse-clause word orders are sep

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2

Suslak, Daniel F. "The story of ö." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 13, no. 4 (2003): 551–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.13.4.06sus.

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This paper describes recent efforts to develop and promote a standardized Mixe orthography that can serve as the vehicle of a unified, modern Mixe polity. It then analyzes the guiding assumptions and ideological commitments that have informed these efforts. Ironically, this drive for a single unified spelling system has focused negative attention on precisely those features that distinguish one variety of Mixe from another. Moreover, failure to reach any consensus has frustrated the efforts of Mixe writers and teachers and made it possible for Spanish to gain a greater foothold in Mixe schools

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Arriaga-Jiménez, Alfonsina, Citlali Pérez-Díaz, and Sebastian Pillitteri. "Ka’ux." Regions and Cohesion 8, no. 3 (2018): 127–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/reco.2018.080308.

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English Abstract:The community of Tlahuitoltepec, in the Sierra Mixe of Oaxaca, is losing Traditional Ecological Knowledge due to socially driven changes in its natural environment. Mixe is one of the 69 indigenous languages spoken in Oaxaca, and is spoken almost exclusively in Tlahuitoltepec. Using an ethnographic approach, with loosely structured interviews among key members of the community, we analyzed the theory that biodiversity loss is linked to the loss of indigenous languages and traditional ecological knowledge. Our findings show that certain words in Mixe, used to refer to animals t

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Кондич, Ана. "WHERE SHOULD WE LEARN OUR NATIVE LANGUAGE? FOUR CASES OF INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES IN LATIN AMERICA." Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology, no. 3(33) (November 28, 2021): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/2307-6119-2021-3-41-48.

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Хотя усвоение языка в раннем детстве в семье является важнейшим условием сохранения языка, многие автохтонные языки мира сегодня уже перестали передаваться внутри семьи. Многие родители считают, что их этнический язык для детей бесполезен, и предпочитают воспитывать детей на официальном языке страны. В статье я сравню ситуации четырех автохтонных языков Латинской Америки, с которыми я работаю: юго-восточный хуастекский (майя, Мексика), цоциль де Сан Исидро де ля Либертад (майя, Мексика), виличе/цесунгун (мапудунган, Чили) и михе (михе-зокеанский, Мексика). Эти миноритарные языки находятся в ра

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Macri, Martha J. "Numeral Classifiers and Counted Nouns in the Classic Maya Inscriptions." Language and Dialect in the Maya Hieroglyphic Script 3, no. 1 (2000): 13–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wll.3.1.03mac.

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Yucatecan, Ch’olan, and Tzeltalan languages have numeral classifiers which obligatorily follow numbers. Although such classifiers are not present in every number expression, several numeral classifiers occur frequently in the Classic Maya inscriptions. The most common of them, the period glyphs, constitute a feature which distinguishes Maya inscriptions from Mixe-Zoquean inscriptions, since the classifiers required in Mayan languages do not occur in Mixe-Zoquean languages. Any glyph immediately following bar/dot numbers should be examined carefully for that possibility. Several morphemes which

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Hoogshagen, Searle. "Acculturation of indigenous societies: A mixe case study." Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 8, no. 6 (1987): 513–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01434632.1987.9994309.

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Dakin, Karen, and Søren Wichmann. "CACAO AND CHOCOLATE." Ancient Mesoamerica 11, no. 1 (2000): 55–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536100111058.

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The origin of the words $lsquo;cacao$rsquo; and $lsquo;chocolate$rsquo; and their use in the reconstruction of the early history of Mesoamerica, remain very controversial issues. Cambell and Kaufman (1976, American Antiquity 41:80–89), for example, proposed that the word $lsquo;cacao$rsquo; originated from Mixe–Zoque languages, thus possibly representing Olmec traditions. According to this argument, other Mesoamerican languages, including Nahuatl, borrowed the word as a symbol of prestige and Olmec influence. Other researchers claim the word $lsquo;chocolate$rsquo; represents a more recent neo

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Cysouw, Michael, Søren Wichmann, and David Kamholz. "A critique of the separation base method for genealogical subgrouping, with data from mixe-zoquean." Journal of Quantitative Linguistics 13, no. 2-3 (2006): 225–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09296170600850759.

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González, Liliana Carla Reyes, and Marcus Winter. "THE EARLY FORMATIVE PERIOD IN THE SOUTHERN ISTHMUS: EXCAVATIONS AT BARRIO TEPALCATE, IXTEPEC, OAXACA." Ancient Mesoamerica 21, no. 1 (2010): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536110000076.

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AbstractBarrio Tepalcate, on the Los Perros River just outside Ciudad Ixtepec, Oaxaca, 18 km upriver from Laguna Zope, is one of the few Early and Middle Formative period sites known in the southern Isthmus of Tehuantepec region. Our salvage excavation in 2005 showed that the village covered no more than four hectares. It was probably one of several villages along the river in a two-tiered settlement hierarchy centered on Laguna Zope. The presence of Early Formative period ceramics suggests that the inhabitants of Barrio Tepalcate participated in the Early Olmec style horizon, although the des

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Restall, Matthew. "Heirs to the Hieroglyphs: Indigenous Writing in Colonial Mesoamerica." Americas 54, no. 2 (1997): 239–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1007743.

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Shortly after the Spanish conquests in Mesoamerica (or, as the colonizers termed it, New Spain), friars chiefly of the Franciscan and Dominican orders taught the art of alphabetic writing to the indigenous elite. As a result the colonial period saw the production of an extensive body of documentation—overwhelmingly notarial and largely legal in nature—by Mesoamerica's indigenous peoples, written in their own languages but using the Roman alphabet. The language best represented in the surviving material (and thus in the ethnohistorical literature) is Nahuatl, often misleadingly called Aztec but

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Ni, Ketut Veri Kusumaningrum, Artawa Ketut, Made Suastra I, and Wayan Pastika I. "The Use of Bali Aga Dialect in the Work Domain." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE HUMANITY & MANAGEMENT RESEARCH 3, no. 07 (2024): 999–1004. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13142688.

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The Bali Aga dialect as a variant of the Balinese language spoken by the Bali Aga community in Tigawasa Village faces challenges of preservation in the era of modernization. The work domain is a crucial domain in daily language use that can reflect the vitality of a language or dialect. This research focuses on the preservation of the Bali Aga dialect in the work domain in Tigawasa Village which is one of the Bali Aga villages that still maintains traditions and ancestral languages. This research uses mixe method (quantitative qualitative) which is collected through observation, questionnaire

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HARRIS, ALICE C., and JAN TERJE FAARLUND. "Trapped morphology." Journal of Linguistics 42, no. 2 (2006): 289–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226706003902.

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We argue that there is a diachronic process, distinct from phonological erosion, that results in the loss of inflectional morphology that is trapped when a clitic attaches to a host, becoming an affix. This is supported with attested examples from Mainland Scandinavian, Georgian, Spanish, and Greek, as well as shallow, well-accepted reconstructions from Slavic and Georgian. It is further supported by new reconstructions from Zoque (Mixe-Zoquean) and Andi (Northeast Caucasian). For example, in Old Norse the postposed article is a clitic, and there is a case ending between the noun stem and the

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van den Bos, Jackie, Felicity Meakins, and Cassandra Algy. "Searching for “Agent Zero”." Language Ecology 1, no. 1 (2017): 4–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/le.1.1.02van.

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Abstract Gurindji Kriol, a mixed language spoken in northern Australia, combines a Kriol VP with a Gurindji NP, including case suffixes (Meakins 2011a). The Gurindji-derived case suffixes have undergone a number of changes in Gurindji Kriol, for example the ergative suffix -ngku/-tu now marks nominative case (Meakins 2011b, 2015). This study explores a new innovation in case morphology among Gurindji Kriol-speaking children: the use of -ngku/-tu to mark possessors as well as subjects, i.e. the emergence of a relative case system. Although rare in Australian languages, syncretism between agents

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Aceto, Michael, Peter Bakker, and Maarten Mous. "Mixed Languages: 15 Case Studies in Language Intertwining." Language 71, no. 4 (1995): 842. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/415772.

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Kheir, Afifa Eve. "Passing the Test of Split: Israbic-A New Mixed Language." Journal of Language Contact 15, no. 1 (2022): 110–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552629-15010003.

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Abstract Israbic is a language variety that is spoken by a majority of the Druze community in Israel and is characterised by a mixture of Israeli Hebrew and Palestinian Arabic. Longitudinal data of Palestinian Arabic/Israeli Hebrew code-switching from the Israeli Druze community collected in 2000, 2017 and 2018 indicate that Israbic went through a gradual process of language mixing. The process started with code-switching, was followed by a composite matrix language formation and ultimately resulted in a mixed language. Some linguists (see Backus, 2003; Bakker, 2003) claim that mixed languages

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16

S., Maryati. "CAMPUR KODE OLEH GIBRAN PADA TALKSHOW ROSI EPISODE: SAYA BUKAN WALIKOTA KARBITAN TAPI BOCIL DINASTI." LITERASI: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Bahasa, Sastra Indonesia dan Daerah 14, no. 2 (2024): 655–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.23969/literasi.v14i2.13007.

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Mixing code is the entry of a particular variety of languages into the language being used. In communicating, Gibran often uses more than one language when conveying ideas. The use of a variety of regional languages and foreign languages mixed with the use of Indonesian is an interesting language phenomenon to study. This research was carried out with the aim of explaining the types of fators that cause the emergence of code mixing. The methodology used in this study is content analysis with a qualitative approach. The source of data can be obtained from all the speeches made by Gibran on the

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Cadena Iñiguez, Pedro, Mariano Morales Guerra, and José Rafael Contreras Hinojosa. "Adoption of Agroecological Technology in Country Schools of Santiago Lachiguiri, Oaxaca." Ciencia Latina Revista Científica Multidisciplinar 8, no. 3 (2024): 10920–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37811/cl_rcm.v8i3.12250.

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The objective of the study was to know the adoption of the technology “Preparation and use of super-lean biofertilizer”, using the “Field Schools” methodology. The study was carried out with 54 coffee producers, who received direct training from the field technician. The methodology used to determine the adoption achieved was divided into three phases; 1) Knowledge of technology; same that considered the knowledge of the functions of the super lean, and the ingredients with which it is prepared, 2) Participation in group training, mastery of the way of preparation and eventually the preparatio

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Law, Danny. "Language mixing and genetic similarity." Diachronica 34, no. 1 (2017): 40–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.34.1.02law.

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Abstract Definitions of ‘mixed’ or ‘intertwined’ languages derive almost entirely from studies of languages that combine elements from genetically unrelated sources. The Mayan language Tojol-ab’al displays a mixture of linguistic features from two related Mayan languages, Chuj and Tseltal. The systematic similarities found in related languages not only make it methodologically difficult to identify the source of specific linguistic features but also mean that inherited similarity can alter the processes and outcomes of language mixing in ways that parallel observed patterns of code-switching b

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Bakker, Peter. "Intentional language change and the connection between mixed languages and genderlects." Language Dynamics and Change 9, no. 2 (2019): 135–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105832-00902001.

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Abstract This paper links genderlects and mixed languages. Both may have their roots in a gender dichotomy, where two distinct populations come together and blend into a new one, with different linguistic consequences. Mixed languages are generally assumed to be the result of deliberate or conscious language change and often come about as the result of an act of identity, connected to the birth of a new social or ethnic group. Societies or ethnic groups that are the result of mixed marriages may develop a mixed language or a genderlect. I show that there is a connection between the two, as pro

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Amin, Mujid Farihul. "Wujud Campur Kode Takserumpun dalam Wacana Berita Daerah Harian Suara Merdeka." Nusa: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra 13, no. 4 (2018): 590. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/nusa.13.4.590-603.

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Language events that often occur in daily interactions are the mixing of a code/ element of language into the code/element of another language. These linguistic events in sociolinguistics are known as mixed codes. Based on the language of the source, the mixed code in the Suara Merdeka daily news discourse can be divided into two types, namely the cognate mixed code and the noncognate mixed code. In this paper, only the noncognate mixed code. In the noncognate mixed code, between the source language and the target language have no relationship, both geographically and genetically. So, geograph

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Azizah, Nurul, A. Erna Rochiyati S., and Edy Hariyadi. "CAMPUR KODE PENGGUNAAN BAHASA INDONESIA OLEH MAHASISWA THAILAND DI UNIVERSITAS JEMBER." SEMIOTIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Sastra dan Linguistik 20, no. 2 (2019): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/semiotika.v20i2.11584.

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Code mixing is a state of language use by speakers by mixing two (or more) languages in one speech without any cause for the mixture of languages. One of these codes mixes in the communication process of Thai University students at Jember when using Indonesian. Code interfering events occur when used as communication tools and adaptation tools, interact daily and in the learning process. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method using a sociolinguistic approach. The data in this study are Thai student speeches when using Indonesian. The results showed that mixed code was found when Thai

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Hidayatullah, Ahmad Fathan, Rosyzie Anna Apong, Daphne T. C. Lai, and Atika Qazi. "Corpus creation and language identification for code-mixed Indonesian-Javanese-English Tweets." PeerJ Computer Science 9 (June 22, 2023): e1312. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.1312.

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With the massive use of social media today, mixing between languages in social media text is prevalent. In linguistics, the phenomenon of mixing languages is known as code-mixing. The prevalence of code-mixing exposes various concerns and challenges in natural language processing (NLP), including language identification (LID) tasks. This study presents a word-level language identification model for code-mixed Indonesian, Javanese, and English tweets. First, we introduce a code-mixed corpus for Indonesian-Javanese-English language identification (IJELID). To ensure reliable dataset annotation,

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Uzum, Melike, Nurettin Demir, and Metin Bagriacik. "Recycling a Mixed Language: Posha in Turkey." Languages 8, no. 1 (2023): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages8010052.

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We provide a sketch grammar of a new bilingual mixed language based on data gathered through interaction with its last native speakers. The language, which we call Posha of Çankırı, is spoken in central Turkey. The source languages are Turkish and Lomavren, another bilingual mixed language for which the source languages are Armenian and some Central Indo-Aryan varieties. In Posha of Çankırı, the mixing happens in the nominal morphology and in the lexicon while the verbal roots and verbal morphology are entirely from the ancestral language, Lomavren, albeit with certain minor changes. The Indo-

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Fauziati, Endang. "MIXED SPEECH OF AN EARLY BILINGUAL CHILD: A CASE STUDY ON JAVANESE-INDONESIAN BILINGUALISM." Kajian Linguistik dan Sastra 20, no. 2 (2008): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/kls.v20i2.4961.

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The present study is concerned with mixed languages in the speech of a bilin- gual child, in Indonesian and Javanese. It is a cross-sectional study. The data of this study are in the form of sentences containing mixed languages. There are 50 sentences used as the data that are collected through observation and note taking. The collected data are then analyzed using descriptive method. The data analysis has revealed that the child’s speech does contain elements from both languages: Indonesian and Javanese. The language mixing occurs at mostly all linguistic lev- els. The syntax, the morphology,

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McConvell, Patrick. "Mixed Languages as Outcomes of Code-Switching: Recent Examples from Australia and Their Implications." Journal of Language Contact 2, no. 1 (2008): 187–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/000000008792525327.

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AbstractThere has been much debate about whether mixed languages arise from code-switching. This paper presents one clear example of this kind of genesis, Gurindji Kriol, and other probable examples, from recent language contact in Australia between traditional Australian languages and English-based pidgins/creoles. In particular the paper focuses on what has been called the Verbal-Nominal split in the genesis of these languages, which is parallel to other cases elswhete in the world, such as Michif. Here the Verbal-Nominal split is reanalysed as a split between INFL (Tense-Aspect-Mood) domina

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Villares Maldonado, Rosana. "Do top-down and bottom-up agents agree on internationalisation? A mixed methods study of Spanish universities." Language Value 15, no. 2 (2022): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.6035/languagev.6845.

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This paper explores the implementation of internationalisation in the Spanish university system and its effects from a mixed methods approach, combining quantitative corpus linguistics techniques and qualitative interview protocols. Results from the quantitative and qualitative analysis showed that Spanish universities’ written policies align with the national framework and rely on a complementary use of ‘abroad’ and ‘at home’ strategies for research and education mostly through mobility, collaboration, and English-medium instruction. A positive representation of internationalisation is also i

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Meakins, Felicity. "Which Mix — code-switching or a mixed language? — Gurindji Kriol." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 27, no. 1 (2012): 105–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.27.1.03mea.

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Gurindji Kriol is a contact variety spoken in northern Australia which has been identified as a mixed language. Yet its status as an autonomous language system must be questioned for three reasons — (i) it continues to be spoken alongside its source languages, Gurindji and Kriol, (ii) it has a close diachronic and synchronic relationship to code-switching between Gurindji and Kriol, and (iii) its structure bears a strong resemblance to patterns found in this code-switching. Nonetheless in this paper I present criteria which support the claim of ‘language-hood’ for Gurindji Kriol. I demonstrate

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28

Matras, Yaron. "Mixed languages: a functional–communicative approach." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 3, no. 2 (2000): 79–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728900000213.

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It has been suggested that the structural composition of mixed languages and the linguistic processes through which they emerge are to some extent predictable, and that they therefore constitute a language “type” (e.g. Bakker and Mous, 1994b; Bakker and Muysken, 1995). This view is challenged here. Instead, it is argued that the compartmentalisation of structures observed in mixed languages (i.e. the fact that certain structural categories are derived from one “parent” language, others from another) is the result of the cumulative effect of different contact mechanisms. These mechanisms are de

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Yartseva, Svetlana V. "The Analysis of the Phonetic Interference on the Sample of “Spanglish”." Nizhnevartovsk Philological Bulletin 8, no. 2 (2023): 160–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.36906/2500-1795/23-2/14.

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In the following article language interference as one of the forms of language contact is being investigated. The purpose of the study is to analyze the forms, in which language interference, precisely, its phonetical part can be expressed, and to draw conclusions on the basis of the analysis. The contact of nations inevitably leads to the contact of languages in different forms of interaction. These might include processes from simple mistakes while learning a new language to the emergence of a new language phenomena. The highest form of the language interference may lead to the creation of a

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Akramov, Sh R. "TEACHING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE IN A MIXED ABILITY CLASS." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 04, no. 12 (2022): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume04issue12-01.

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Quite often in the practice of teaching English, you can hear from colleagues: “Again on this course I got a mixed-ability group!” Is it for good or as a punishment that we are given a situation in which we are forced to work with a group of students of different levels of training? In this article, we'll examine factors that determine how to work with these classes and potential difficulties EFL teachers could encounter, benefits of instructing these students, and advice and tactics for handling these situations.

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Lipski, John M. "Reconstructing the life-cycle of a mixed language: An exploration of Ecuadoran Media Lengua." International Journal of Bilingualism 24, no. 2 (2019): 410–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006919842668.

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Aims and objectives: This study explores the assertion that bilingual mixed languages are only diachronically stable if they are not spoken together with both of the contributing source languages. Ecuadoran Media Lengua, which combines all-Quichua morphosyntax with nearly all lexical roots replaced by Spanish-derived forms, coexists in three communities with both Spanish and Quichua, having arrived in each community in successive generations. Methodology and design: Trilingual speakers (Quichua, Media Lengua, Spanish) participated in four interactive tasks: speeded translation, speeded accepta

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Benítez-Torres, Carlos M., and Anthony P. Grant. "On the origin of some Northern Songhay mixed languages." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 32, no. 2 (2017): 263–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.32.2.03ben.

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This paper discusses the origins of linguistic elements in three Northern Songhay languages of Niger and Mali: Tadaksahak, Tagdal and Tasawaq. Northern Songhay languages combine elements from Berber languages, principally Tuareg forms, and from Songhay; the latter provides inflectional morphology and much of the basic vocabulary, while the former is the source of most of the rest of the vocabulary, especially less basic elements. Subsets of features of Northern Songhay languages are compared with those of several stable mixed languages and mixed-lexicon creoles, and in accounting for the origi

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Fairuz, Fathiya, and Kundharu Saddhono. "VARIASI BAHASA CAMPUR KODE DAN BAHASA GAUL (SLANG) DALAM PLATFORM MEDIA SOSIAL X." VOKAL: Jurnal Ilmiah Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 3, no. 1 (2024): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33830/vokal.v3i1.7287.

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Languages has various types, and they are always evolving with the times. Foreign languages are the second or companion languages of the main language, from this foreign language there is often a mixing of codes in Indonesian. Then, slang is a modification of the language that already exists in society. This study aims to analyze the use of mixed code and slang on social media, especially in the comments of @kegblgunfaedh accounts on platform X. The method used is qualitative descriptive to uncover this phenomenon. The results of the study show that social media users often use slang and mixed

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34

van Gijn, Rik. "The phonology of mixed languages." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 24, no. 1 (2009): 91–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.24.1.04gij.

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Mixed languages are said to be the result of a process of intertwining (e.g. Bakker & Muysken 1995, Bakker 1997), a regular process in which the grammar of one language is combined with the lexicon of another. However, the outcome of this process differs from language pair to language pair. As far as morphosyntax is concerned, people have discussed these different outcomes and the reasons for them extensively, e.g. Bakker 1997 for Michif, Mous 2003 for Ma’a, Muysken 1997a for Media Lengua and 1997b for Callahuaya. The issue of phonology, however, has not generated a large debate. This pape

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Gaikwad, Ramnath Mahadeo, Rajashri Ganesh Kanke, and Manasi Ram Baheti. "Review on Sentiment Analysis of Marathi Language of Maharashtra." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 8 (2023): 345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.55149.

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Abstract: Sentiment analysis on numerous Regional languages is performed, and classification algorithms based on Lexicon, Dictionary, and Machine Learning are employed. Because of the widespread usage of social media platforms, people are rapidly turning to the internet to find and discuss information, thoughts, opinions, feelings, perspectives, facts, and suggestions, resulting in a plethora of user-generated emotion enormous amounts of text data available for analysis. A large number of individuals in India express themselves in multiple languages, resulting in a massive amount of Natural La

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KIT, YU HENG, and Musa Mohd Mokji. "Language Threshold for Multilingual Sentiment Analysis System." ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering 23, no. 1 (2024): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v23n1.446.

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Code-mixed sentences are very common in social media platforms especially in countries such as Malaysia that have more than 2 speaking languages. Although multilingual Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (mBERT) has the capability of understanding multilingualism, the sentence embeddings obtained from mBERT can be very complex for a code-mixed sentence. This is a challenge in Natural Language processing when processing informal social media text due to its complexity, especially in mixed languages like Malay-English where there is an insufficient amount of training datasets

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Alberola Crespo, Nieves, and José Javier Juan Checa. "Suburbia as a Narrative Space in the Cinematic Universe of Douglas Sirk." Language Value 14, no. 1 (2021): 112–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.6035/languagev.5953.

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Douglas Sirk, now fully recognized as an influential filmmaker, was considered a successful but uninteresting director in the 1950s. His melodramas were considered bland and subsequently ignored because they focused on female-centric concerns. In the following decades, he started to be considered as an auteur that not only had an impeccable and vibrant mise-en-scène, but also a unique ability to deliver movies that might seem superficial on a surface level but were able to sneak in some subtle and revolutionary criticism about American society. The aim of this paper is to analyse the most rebe

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Nasiba, Raimnazarova. "GENETIC-ETYMOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF DIALECTAL WORDS AND THEIR ISSUE OF LEXICOGRAGHICAL DESCRIPTION." International journal of word art 5, no. 2 (2022): 141–45. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6634093.

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The study of phenomena such as the emergence of languages in history and linguistics, the system of distribution of languages, is still ongoing. The origin and development of a language depends on the culture, customs, worldview and politics of the nation that speaks it. But when it comes to dialects, it is appropriate to evaluate dialects as a means of communication that has a smaller area than language and is more likely to be forgotten or lost. Because a single nation that speaks different dialects adopts a literary language that is understandable, molded, and processed for all. Due to the

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Asgarov, A. "INTERACTION AND MUTUAL ENRICHMENT OF THE RUSSIAN AND AZERBAIJANI LANGUAGES." Sciences of Europe, no. 131 (December 27, 2023): 100–102. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435089.

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Language interaction is a process in which two or more languages influence each other and interact with each other. This can occur as a result of the migration and spread of languages, the contact of different linguistic groups in multicultural societies, as well as as a result of exchange and interaction through various media and communication technologies. The interaction of languages can manifest itself in various forms, for example: Language borrowings: When one language borrows words, expressions, or grammatical constructions from another language. Code-switching: this is a change of lang

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Beratha, Ni Luh Sutjiati, Ni Wayan Sukarini, and I. Made Rajeg. "Balinese language ecology: Study about language diversity in tourism area at Ubud village." Jurnal Kajian Bali (Journal of Bali Studies) 7, no. 2 (2017): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jkb.2017.v07.i02.p07.

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Ubud Village in Gianyar Regency is one of the tourism areas in Bali where Balinese people are bilingual because they have mastered more than one languages. In the environment of Balinese language, there also live other languages including national language (Indonesian) and foreign languages (such as English, Japanese, and Mandarin). Balinese people nowadays, especially in tourism area, have difficulties in using Balinese language so they use mixed languages, namely Balinese language with Indonesian language, with English language, or Mandarin. This phenomenon might indicate that Balinese langu

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O’Shannessy, Carmel, and Connor Brown. "Reflexive and Reciprocal Encoding in the Australian Mixed Language, Light Warlpiri." Languages 6, no. 2 (2021): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages6020105.

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Mixed languages combine significant amounts of grammatical and lexical material from more than one source language in systematic ways. The Australian mixed language, Light Warlpiri, combines nominal morphology from Warlpiri with verbal morphology from Kriol (an English-lexified Creole) and English, with innovations. The source languages of Light Warlpiri differ in how they encode reflexives and reciprocals—Warlpiri uses an auxiliary clitic for both reflexive and reciprocal expression, while English and Kriol both use pronominal forms, and largely have separate forms for reflexives and reciproc

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BYERS-HEINLEIN, KRISTA. "Parental language mixing: Its measurement and the relation of mixed input to young bilingual children's vocabulary size." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 16, no. 1 (2012): 32–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728912000120.

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Is parental language mixing related to vocabulary acquisition in bilingual infants and children? Bilingual parents (who spoke English and another language; n = 181) completed the Language Mixing Scale questionnaire, a new self-report measure that assesses how frequently parents use words from two different languages in the same sentence, such as borrowing words from another language or code switching between two languages in the same sentence. Concurrently, English vocabulary size was measured in the bilingual children of these parents. Most parents reported regular language mixing in interact

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Mohd, Zeeshan Ansari, Ahmad Tanvir, Mohd Sufyan Beg Mirza, and Bari Noaima. "Language lexicons for Hindi-English multilingual text processing." International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) 11, no. 2 (2022): 641–48. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijai.v11.i2.pp641-648.

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Language identification (LI) in textual documents is the process of automatically detecting the language contained in a document based on its content. The present language identification techniques presume that a document contains text in one of the fixed set of languages. However, this presumption is incorrect when dealing with multilingual document which includes content in more than one possible language. Due to the unavailability of standard corpora for Hindi-English mixed lingual language processing tasks, we propose the language lexicons, a novel kind of lexical database that augments se

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Attri, Shree Harsh, T. V. Prasad, and Gavirneni RamaKrishna. "Translation of code mixed language to monolingual languages using rule-based approach." International Journal of Cloud Computing 10, no. 4 (2021): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcc.2021.119192.

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Attri, Shree Harsh, Gavirneni RamaKrishna, and T. V. Prasad. "Translation of code mixed language to monolingual languages using rule-based approach." International Journal of Cloud Computing 10, no. 4 (2021): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcc.2021.10043008.

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Lee, Nala H. "The Status of Endangered Contact Languages of the World." Annual Review of Linguistics 6, no. 1 (2020): 301–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-linguistics-011619-030427.

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This article provides an up-to-date perspective on the endangerment that contact languages around the world are facing, with a focus on pidgins, creoles, and mixed languages. While language contact is often associated with language shift and hence language endangerment, languages arising from contact also can and do face the risk of endangerment. Recent observations and studies show that contact languages may be at twice the risk of endangerment and loss compared with noncontact languages. The loss of these languages is highly consequential. The arguments that usually apply to why noncontact l

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Tsushima, Rika, and Martin Guardado. "Multilingualism and literacy development in interlingual families." Journal of Multilingual Theories and Practices 5, no. 1 (2024): 47–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/jmtp.25807.

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Heritage languages are key to shaping the identity of many individuals who grow up in environments where the dominant societal language is different from their home languages. Yet heritage language learners can be incredibly diverse in terms of cultural and language backgrounds, language proficiency, literacy skills, language socialization experiences and in many other ways. Heritage language education and literacy development, in particular, have been examined in both formal and community-based educational settings. Insights drawn from this growing area of research have informed our understan

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Gajda, Stanisław. "Polska sieć komunikacyjna i jej główne osie." ANNALES UNIVERSITATIS PAEDAGOGICAE CRACOVIENSIS. STUDIA LINGUISTICA, no. 16 (December 29, 2021): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20831765.16.4.

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An inalienable property of the linguistic reality is the multi-language nature of the world and the multi-variation character of the ethnic-national communication space. As regards Polish pace, one can distinguish a series of axes around which the processes of long lasting concentrate. The author discusses the following five axes: (1) idiolectal (individual languages), (2) one determined by the dichotomy: spoken language – written language (contemporarily it assumes the form: spoken language – media language – written language), (3) one connected with the opposition: dialects – literary langua

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Doppelbauer, Max. "Language contact on the Iberian Peninsula: Romani and the autochthonous languages." Lexicographica 33, no. 2017 (2018): 297–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lex-2017-0015.

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AbstractThis article focuses on the history of the linguistic exchange between Romani and the autochthonous languages of the Iberian Peninsula, and on the studies in this field. Over the last 600 years, Romani has entirely disappeared, leaving marks in the evolution of mixed languages, the so-called Calós. A handful of lexemes in Spanish, Portuguese and Catalan are the only remnants of a long shared history of social (and linguistic) exclusion.

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Doppelbauer, Max. "Language contact on the Iberian Peninsula: Romani and the autochthonous languages." Lexicographica 33, no. 1 (2018): 297–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lexi-2017-0015.

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AbstractThis article focuses on the history of the linguistic exchange between Romani and the autochthonous languages of the Iberian Peninsula, and on the studies in this field. Over the last 600 years, Romani has entirely disappeared, leaving marks in the evolution of mixed languages, the so-called Calos. A handful of lexemes in Spanish, Portuguese and Catalan are the only remnants of a long shared history of social (and linguistic) exclusion.

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