Academic literature on the topic 'Mixed Martial Arts (MMA)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Mixed Martial Arts (MMA)"
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Schlegel, Petr, and Adam Křehký. "Physiological Aspects and Injuries in Mixed Martial Arts." Acta Facultatis Educationis Physicae Universitatis Comenianae 59, no. 1 (May 1, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afepuc-2019-0001.
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Summary Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) has become an independent sport discipline with its own distinctive aspects. It can no longer be perceived as before, as a compilation of other martial arts. MMA shows originality in training methods, health aspects, performance requirements or even moral-volitional qualities. The aim of the paper is to analyse the physiological aspects of MMA in both training and combat loads, to discuss the issue of injuries in MMA and to provide a comparison with other martial arts. Studies focusing directly on MMA wrestlers have been selected. These have included both amateur and professional athletes. The databases Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Scholar were used as sources. MMA ranks among sports with high-intensity workload, wrestlers achieve high levels of lactate and other metabolic markers. They need above-average aerobic capacity and perform well in upper body strength tests. Injury rates in MMA do not differ significantly from those in professional-level martial arts. Most injuries are associated with lacerations on the head. The requirements of extensive workload during performance must be reflected in training. Encouragement of aerobic and anaerobic endurance abilities in conjunction with optimum strength training seems crucial. It is essential to include prophylaxis as regards head concussions and strive for maximum safety of the sportsman during combat. Further research is required to confirm some of the conclusions, the limitations of which are due to the number and quality of the selected studies.
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Rosenwanger, Mariam, Eva Lee, and Susanne Ravn. "Mixed Martial Arts og det totale engagement." Forum for Idræt 31 (December 1, 2015): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/ffi.v31i0.109041.
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Mixed Martial Arts is a relatively new staging of the ultimate battle between two practitioners fighting in a cage. With it’s brutality it challenges the practitioner’s physical limits and mental barriers. In this article we go behind – or maybe rather before – the fight and describe the training practices of American MMA practitioners. Accordingly, the aim of this article is to describe the community of practices which MMA practitioners are part of – ‘backstage’ – when preparing for their fight(s).
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Latyshev, Sergii, Mykola Latyshev, Irina Tsarevskaya, Natalia Krivtsova, Nikolay Ryzhin, and Elena Nemceva. "Determination of model characteristics of martial mixed arts fighters." E3S Web of Conferences 273 (2021): 09035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127309035.
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The popularity of mixed martial arts(MMA) has been growing steadily and now this sport is the most striking and spectacular of martial arts. Worth millions royalties’ of top fighters stimulate talented athletes to change one types of martial arts for MMA, which significantly increase the competition among athletes and qualitatively change the competitive activity. A need arises to optimize the training process in accordance with modern trends in competitive activity. The process of training will be effective only if it is built on the basis of data on the model characteristics of today's top athletes. The article defined and calculated values of the model characteristics of Top MMA fighters of Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). These characteristics are divided into four groups: age-anthropometric, rating, kicks performance and defense, takedowns performance and defense. The obtained data can be used when planning the training process both for young and qualified sportsmen.
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Jensen, Andrew R., Robert C. Maciel, Frank A. Petrigliano, John P. Rodriguez, and Adam G. Brooks. "Injuries Sustained by the Mixed Martial Arts Athlete." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 9, no. 1 (August 20, 2016): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738116664860.
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Context: Mixed martial arts (MMA) is rapidly growing in popularity in the United States and abroad. This combat sport joins athletes from a wide variety of martial art disciplines, each with characteristic and distinguishing injury profiles, together in competition. Because of increasing participation by professionals and amateurs alike, injuries sustained by MMA athletes have been on the rise. Evidence Acquisition: A review of relevant publications using the search term mixed martial arts and each of its component combat sports (eg, Muay Thai, Brazilian jiu-jitsu) from 1980 through 2015 was completed using PubMed and Google Scholar. Study Design: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 5. Results: The majority of studies on MMA injuries evaluate those sustained during competition, which range in incidence from 22.9 to 28.6 per 100 fight-participations. Striking-predominant disciplines such as boxing, karate, and Muay Thai have high rates of head and facial injuries, whereas submission-predominant disciplines such as Brazilian jiu-jitsu, judo, and wrestling have high rates of joint injuries. Conclusion: Numerous studies have evaluated injuries in athletes who participate in MMA and its component disciplines during competition but much remains to be discovered about injuries sustained during training and in specific patient populations such as adolescents and women.
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Greenwell, T. Christopher, Dustin Thorn, and Jason Simmons. "Is violence used to promote Mixed Martial Arts?" International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship 16, no. 4 (July 1, 2015): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsms-16-04-2015-b003.
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This study examines how Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) events are marketed in order to understand the role of violence in promoting events. Researchers examined 134 pieces of promotional artwork and 57 promotional news releases by MMA organisations across North America, Asia and Europe and found that 18 (13.4%) pieces of promotional artwork used violent text or imagery. Violent text was found in 12 (21%) of the 57 news releases. Violence was typically limited to smaller or European organisations. Results illustrate an evolution of the sport, suggesting violence may no longer be necessary to promote events.
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Andrade, Alexandro, Rodrigo Batalha Silva, and Fábio Hech Dominski. "Application of sport psychology to mixed martial arts." Kinesiology 52, no. 1 (2020): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.26582/k.52.1.12.
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This study, through a systematic review, analyzed scientific production concerning sport psychology in mixed martial arts. The review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement, and the search was performed using the S ciELO, ScienceDirect, PsycInfo, and Web of Science databases. Of the 79 studies screened, eight satisfied the eligibility criteria, with explicit addressal of the topics of fear, aggression, emotional control, confidence, mental toughness, motivation, arousal, coping, rational emotive behavioral therapy for MMA athletes, fighting experience and MMA competition. Consequently, the scarce scientific production was found to evidence the need for further research in this modality. It is suggested that studies that investigate other variables of sport psychology such as mood, anxiety, and burnout.
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Acevedo, William, and Mei Cheung. "Una visión histórica de las artes marciales mixtas en China." Revista de Artes Marciales Asiáticas 6, no. 2 (May 27, 2012): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/rama.v6i2.6.
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Mixed martial arts (MMA) has become one of the fastest-growing combat sports in the twenty-first century, drawing millions of Pay-Per-View spectators since the inception of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) in 1993. Popular conceptions have credited the creation of MMA to Bruce Lee, a Chinese-American actor and martial artist who became an icon in the 1970s and who is still considered by many as a revolutionary figure in the field. This paper will present, in chronological order, examples of ancient Chinese martial arts concepts preceding the creation of modern MMA.
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Zembura, Paweł. "Success of Mixed Martial Arts Video Topics on YouTube." Sport Science Review 22, no. 1-2 (April 1, 2013): 129–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ssr-2013-0007.
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The purpose of this study was to identify if the YouTube viewership is related to a subject of mixed martial arts (MMA) videos. To do so passive and active viewership were featured, based on Checchinato, Disegna & Gazolla (2009) work. Content analysis was used as the method and the sample consisted of 200 most popular videos gathered from supreme canals belonging to MMA organizations. Over half of the videos were classified into previews and whole fights categories. The robust least square regression explained 27% of passive viewership, and whole fights were the predictor of highest passive attention. Just two categories were found significant as the predictors of active viewership in the logit regression. Whole fights generated more active response in contrary to previews. Pure sport-related videos were generally found to generate higher interest among YouTube MMA spectators.
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Hutchison, Michael, Michael Cusimano, David Lawrence, and Tanveer Singh. "Comprehensive analysis of ‘knockouts’ in Mixed Martial Arts (MMA)." British Journal of Sports Medicine 47, no. 5 (March 11, 2013): e1.33-e1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2012-092101.39.
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Tropin, Y., M. Latyshev, A. Pylypet`s, and V. Ponomaryov. "Indicators of competitive activity of the strongest female fighters of mixed martial arts MMA." Єдиноборства, no. 3(21) (June 1, 2021): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15391/ed.2021-3.07.
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Purpose: to establish indicators of competitive activity of the strongest female fighters of mixed martial arts MMA with TOP-10 regardless of weight. Material and methods. The following methods were used in the study: analysis of scientific and methodological information and Internet sources; generalization of best practices; analysis of protocols and videos of competitive activities of women fighters in the TOP-10, regardless of weight; methods of mathematical statistics. The initial data of the performances of the strongest female fighters in mixed martial arts MMA are taken from the UFC website. Results: analysis of scientific and methodological information, Internet sources and generalization of best practices allowed to establish that the popularity of mixed martial arts MMA in the world and the sharp increase in competition among fighters require timely study of competitive activities of leading athletes to make changes in training and preparation for competitions. The analysis of the rating of the TOP-10 best women fighters regardless of weight showed that it includes four athletes of the lightest and minimum weight category and two women fighters of the lightest weight category. The TOP-10 strongest female mixed martial arts MMA fighters, regardless of weight, include four representatives of the United States, two athletes from Brazil and one fighter from Kyrgyzstan, China, Poland and the Netherlands. Conclusions. The results of the analysis of the competitive activity of the TOP-10 strongest female fighters in mixed martial arts MMA, regardless of weight, showed that the fighters strike more blows per minute (from 2,80 to 6,55) than they miss (from 2,12 to 5,28). The largest number of blows is carried out in the rack (from 48 % to 85 % of the total number of blows), then in the clinch (from 4 % to 43 %) and in the ground (from 1 % to 40 %). Most blows occur in the head (from 41 % to 82 %), then on the body (from 13 % to 38 %) and on the legs (from 3 % to 33 %). The strongest female fighters defend against downdowns more effectively (from 63 % to 100 %) than from blows (from 47 % to 67 %). Attempts to take takedowns in 15 minutes more (from 0,50 to 3,21) than the implementation of submission in 15 minutes (from 0,08 to 1,71). Keywords: mixed martial arts MMA, competitive activity, the strongest female fighters.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mixed Martial Arts (MMA)"
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Hedén, Tomas. "Mixed martial arts och boxning i Sverige." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för historia och samtidsstudier, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-19853.
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In 1970 professional boxing became illegal in Sweden and in 2009 the prohibition was removed.Just before both of these changes in the law there were debates in media where people argued forand against ilegalization. In the later debate the focus has shifted from professional boxing toinclude Mixed Martial Arts(MMA) as well. MMA was governed and bound by the same law asprofessional boxing.This purpose of this paper is to compare the debate in 1968-1969 with the debate in 2006. The twodebates resulted in two different outcomes, ilegalization of professional boxing in 1970 and thenlegalization of it 2009. Are there any reason for these differences? What is the reasoning behindthis? By using hegemonic masculinity as a guidance when examining the debates this paper istrying to understand how the discourse have changed over time. The method is to analyze thediscourse in the debates by looking at morality, health and commercialization arguments.The result of this paper is that the arguments are similar in both debates. The values of thehegemonic masculinity is shown through six different topics. (1) How violence is perceived, (2) thefreedom of choice, (3) medias power to command and influence the people, (4) what is considered asport and what is considered an assault, (5) what the society allows children to be able to beinfluenced by and (6) the government's role as a regulator of the sports. The conclusion is that achange in the hegemonic masculinity can not be proven to be exclusively responsible for thedifferent outcomes of the debates. However, the examination of the discourse clearly shows theevolution of the values of the hegemonic masculinity.2
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Almeida, Sebastião Carlos Ferreira de. "Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) no Brasil: masculinidades em disputa." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/5761.
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The following study consists in a sociological analysis about the production of manhood styles in the universe of Mixed Martial Arts (MMA), from an ethnographic research made with a group of physical fight practitioners in the city named Goiânia-GO. Thus, it points out to the relevance of consumption and the interference of the market in the construction of some symbolic repertoire about manhood seen as essentials and/or primordials, discussing how the subjects seize and embody such an imaginary thing amidst stress, ambivalences and disputes. The document is organized into five chapters. In the first, I talk about the questionable utilization of physical fights and martial arts as an invented tradition, as an orientalist play, in the configuration of imaginary communities. In the second, I talk about the appearance of MMA coming from the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), giving focus to historical and sociological aspects that takes part in the symbolic economy in which establishes some manly speeches that are important for involved agents with the dynamic of manhoods in question. The third chapter brings thoughts about implied codes to the expression of manhoods in the universe of fighters where it was realized the field research, emphasizing the usage of signs associated to the genre relations with the production of relevant styles of the habitus of fighters. I develop discussions about the acceptance of the speech of order and the discipline of the contributors in the fourth chapter, in order to determine how interactions with women and other manhoods go through the influence of conservative opinion; and how much this dynamic is responsible for the creation of conflicts in this universe. The fifth chapter talks about the biographies of iconic fighters in several levels of the field topology embodied by fighters and referees that take part of the cultural goods market around MMA and UFC. So I posit that the fight that brought the thoughts about manhoods in this study highlights the stress around the sexuality, of questions related to family and to work; and before it means a sportivization, it indicates an intense civilizing process, as it allows the fruition an uncontrolled control of the emotions and makes evident tools of social control. The respect and affection of traditional institutes like family and heterosexuality, like the possibility of social ascension through MMA, require from the fighters a self-sacrifice that reinstalls in the contemporaneous scenario the perspective of the individual discipline as a resource to the success. This process allow us to imply that dynamics and rhetoric of market (re)products styles of manhoods seen as “non corruptible” by the present day, such elements being appropriate by interested agents in the symbolic capital that is inherent in the form of disputes for hegemony. Keywords: Mixed Martial Arts, manhoods; uncontrolled control; imaginary communities; market of symbolic goods.
O presente estudo consiste em uma análise sociológica da produção de estilos de masculinidades no universo do Mixed Martial Arts (MMA), a partir de uma pesquisa de caráter etnográfico realizada junto a um grupo de praticantes de lutas corporais na cidade de Goiânia-GO. Aponta, assim, para a pertinência do consumo e para a interferência do mercado na construção de certo repertório simbólico sobre masculinidades tidas como essenciais e/ou primordiais, discutindo como os sujeitos apropriam-se e corporificam tal imaginário em meio a tensões, ambivalências e disputas. O texto está organizado em cinco capítulos. No primeiro, discorro sobre a problemática das lutas corporais e das artes marciais enquanto tradição inventada utilizada, enquanto peça orientalista, na conformação de comunidades imaginadas. No segundo, abordo o surgimento do MMA a partir do Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), focando aspectos históricos e sociológicos que participam da economia simbólica dentro da qual se instalam discursos e retóricas viris importantes para agentes envolvidos com a dinâmica da masculinidade em questão. O terceiro capítulo traz reflexões a respeito de códigos implícitos à expressão de masculinidades no universo de lutadores onde foi realizada a pesquisa de campo, realçando o manejo de signos associados às relações de gênero com a produção de estilos relevadores de habitus de lutadores. Desenvolvo discussões sobre uma apropriação do discurso da ordem e da disciplina por parte dos colaboradores no quarto capítulo, no sentido de apontar como interações com mulheres e outras masculinidades sofrem a influência de disposições conservadoras; e o quanto tal dinâmica é responsável pela produção de conflitos nesse universo. O quinto capítulo aborda a questão das biografias de lutadores emblemáticos em diversos níveis da topologia do campo constituído por lutadores e mediadores que participam do mercado de bens culturais em torno do MMA e do UFC. Postulo que a luta de que se lançou mão para as reflexões sobre masculinidades nesse estudo realça a tensão em torno da sexualidade, de questões relacionadas à família e ao trabalho; e antes de significar uma desportivização, indica um acirramento do processo civilizatório, na medida em que permite a fruição de um descontrole controlado das emoções e evidencia ferramentas de controle social. A valorização de instituições tradicionais como a família e a heterossexualidade, bem como a possibilidade de ascensão social através do MMA, exigem de lutadores um auto sacrifício que reinstala no cenário contemporâneo a perspectiva da ascese individual como recurso para o sucesso. Este processo permite inferir que dinâmicas e retóricas de mercado (re)produzem estilos de masculinidades tidos como “não corrompidos” pela modernidade, sendo tais elementos apropriados por agentes interessados no capital simbólico que lhes é inerente sob a forma de disputas por hegemonia. Palavras-chave: Mixed Martial Arts; masculinidades; descontrole controlado; comunidades imaginadas; mercado de bens simbólicos.
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Carmo, Gonçalo Cassins Moreira do. "IT`S SHOW TIME: VIOLÊNCIA E EMOÇÕES NO MIXED MARTIAL ARTS (MMA 1995 – 2016)." UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2016. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/256.
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Previous issue date: 2016-12-14This study, whose study problem is the relationship that is established between the violence and the emotion in the MMA, from the perspective of fighters and spectators,aims to analyze the violence and the emotion in the MMA from the perspective of both.Among the specific objectives are: historicizing the MMA; to present theoretical elements that allow the understanding of violence and emotion in the universe of MMA;to Identify what kind of emotion is present during the preparation period and the moment of the fight. The literature chosen to discuss the issue suggests that violence control has a strong association with emotional control (ELIAS; DUNNING, 1992).From the perspective of the fighters and spectators, is tried to discuss violence and emotion, using the concepts of symbolic violence, real violence, legitimate violence and systemic violence. From this, three hypothesis are presented: the first is that the MMA is a violent sport, conceived in this way in order to serve the demands of a society and a violent man by nature; The second one points out that the perception of fighters that the MMA is not violent is related to the fact that the competitions possess rules, unlike what happens on the streets. The third hypothesis upholds that there is a social need for the public to experience violence, which can be seen by the increasing demand for events involving MMA, indicated by the increase in TV ratings and the purchasing of pay-per-view packages. The proposed temporal frame refers to the period between 1995 and 2016. The initial time mark was established due to changes in the rules occurred after the UFC-5 event took place, a period in which the confrontations had no time limit, it means, there was no division by rounds, nor amaximum period length for the fight to end. After the changes, the fights began to occur with pre-established time length. Regarding the final temporal beacon, the year 2016, it is due to the edition of the UFC-198, held in the city of Curitiba-PR. In this event,spectators were interviewed, as well as, were concluded the semi-structured observations and interviews with the fighters. The methodology used was qualitative of the ethnographic type, whose instruments were the participating observation and semi-structured interviews. It was found that, from the perspective of fighters and spectators, the MMA is not a violent sport, although the literature and the interviews conducted with them show the presence of a symbolic violence during training and the moment of the combat. There is also a strong emotional appeal, in which happiness and fear are present. The text is structured in three chapters, by which it was sought to discuss violence and emotion based on the proposed theoretical framework and the performed interviews.
Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo geral analisar a violência e a emoção no MMA sob a perspectiva de lutadores e espectadores, a partir do estudo da relação que se estabelece entre ambos. Entre os objetivos específicos estão historicizar o MMA; apresentar elementos teóricos que possibilitem a compreensão da violência e da emoção no universo do MMA; e identificar que tipo de emoção está presente durante o período de preparação e o momento da luta. A pesquisa se pauta na literatura de Elias e Dunning (1992), a qual sugere que o controle da violência possui forte associação com o controle emocional. Procura-se discutir violência e emoção utilizando-se os conceitos de violência simbólica, violência real, violência legítima e violência sistêmica. Deste modo, apresentam-se três hipóteses: a primeira é que o MMA é um esporte violento, concebido desta forma com fins de atender as demandas de uma sociedade e de um homem violento por natureza; a segunda aponta que a percepção tida pelos lutadores de que o MMA não é violento está relacionada ao fato de as competições apresentarem regras, diferentemente do que acontece nas ruas; e a terceira é a de que existe uma necessidade social, por parte do público, de vivenciar a violência, o que pode ser constatado por meio da crescente procura por eventos que envolvem o MMA. O recorte temporal refere-se ao período compreendido entre 1995 e 2016. A baliza temporal inicial foi estabelecida em virtude de mudanças de regras ocorridas a partir da realização do UFC – 5, em que os confrontos não apresentavam limite de tempo, ou seja, não havia divisão por rounds, tampouco tempo máximo para que a luta se encerrasse. Após este evento, as lutas passaram a ocorrer com tempos determinados. Já a baliza temporal final, 2016, deve-se à edição do UFC -198, em que foram entrevistados espectadores e concluídas as observações e entrevistas semiestruturadas com os lutadores. A metodologia utilizada foi qualitativa do tipo etnográfica, cujos instrumentos foram a observação participante e a entrevista semiestruturada. Constatou-se que, na perspectiva dos lutadores e espectadores, o MMA não é um esporte violento, embora a literatura e as entrevistas evidenciem a presença de violência simbólica durante os treinamentos e o momento do combate.Existe, ainda, um forte apelo emocional, no qual a felicidade e o medo estão presentes. O texto foi organizado em três capítulos, pelos quais se buscou discutir a violência e a emoção a partir do referencial teórico proposto e das entrevistas semiestruturadas.
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Coswig, Victor Silveira. "Estrutura temporal e respostas biológicas em luta simulada de Mixed Martial Arts (MMA)." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2014. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br:8080/handle/prefix/2966.
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Dentre as diferentes modalidades de combate, o Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) tem crescido rapidamente em âmbito internacional. Caracterizado por incorporar estilos de luta derivados de outras artes marciais, envolve técnicas de agarre em pé, agarre no chão, técnicas de percussão em pé e exige nível de condicionamento físico elevado. De modo frequente, a prática de modalidades esportivas de combate envolve a própria luta como método de treinamento físico e técnico e parece apresentar alta relevância, visto que é frequente o estudo de lutas simuladas em diversas modalidades de combate. Com isto, torna-se relevante o conhecimento das características destas práticas de treinamento, visto que, já foi evidenciado que lutas simuladas apresentam respostas diferenciadas de combates em eventos oficiais. Neste sentido, a relação entre esforço e pausa das lutas tem sido fortemente sugerida como método para prescrição de treinamento, o que aponta a necessidade do conhecimento destas variáveis em lutas simuladas. Adicionalmente, o conhecimento do estresse físico, orgânico e percebido dos atletas, a partir destes estímulos, se torna necessário para melhor adequação do processo de planejamento e organização. Deste modo, a redução dos fatores empíricos de prescrição pode promover maior previsibilidade das adaptações e reduzir os riscos de overtraining, já que esta realidade deve ser fortemente considerada no MMA. Assim, considerando que grande parte do entendimento acerca do MMA é advinda das modalidades que o compõem, torna-se relevante a descrição das demandas orgânicas, físicas e psicométricas originadas especificamente da simulação de lutas de MMA e as relações destes com a temporalidade das lutas, bem como a caracterização dos processos recuperativos de indicadores do dano muscular advindo desta prática.
Among the different types of fighting, Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) has grown rapidly in the international scenario. Characterized by incorporating fighting styles derived from other martial arts techniques involves standing grappling, groundwork grappling percussion techniques and require high fitness level. So often, the practice of sports of combat involves his own struggle as a method of physical and technical training and introduce high relevance, since it is often the study of simulated fights in various modes of combat. With this, it becomes relevant knowledge of the characteristics of these training practices, as has been evidenced that simulated fights have differentiated responses of fighting in official events. In this sense, the relationship between effort and pause of the fighting has been strongly suggested as a method for training prescription, what points the need of knowledge of these variables in simulated fights. Additionally, the knowledge of physical stress, organic and noticed the athletes, from these stimuli, it is necessary to better matching of the planning process and organization. Thus, the reduction of empirical factors of prescription can promote greater predictability of adaptations and reduce risks of overtraining, as this reality should be strongly considered in MMA. Thus, whereas much of the understanding of MMA is from the modalities comprising it, becomes relevant to description of organic, physical demands and psychometric originated specifically MMA fights simulation and the relationships of these with the temporality of the fights, as well as the characterization of the recovery processes of muscle damage indicators from this practice.
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Stenius, Magnus. "The body in pain and pleasure : an ethnography of mixed martial arts." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kultur- och medievetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-107527.
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Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) is a sport on the rise within the field of martial arts in which competitors fight in a cage and utilize full-contact movements using their fists, elbows, and knees as well as kicks, other strikes, and submission techniques to defeat their opponents. MMA has become a modern social movement in combat sports that has become globalized in a short time and is the fastest growing sport in the world. MMA encompasses disciplines from various martial arts and Olympic sports such as boxing, kickboxing, karate, kempo, jiu-jitsu, Muay Thai, tae kwon do, wrestling, sambo, judo, etc. The rounds are five minutes in length and there are typically three rounds in a contest, unless it is a championship fight in which case the contest lasts five rounds. The aim of this study is to analyze the bodily constructions and productions within the MMA culture and especially the constructed human violence associated with the sport. Based on autoethnographic participation in three Swedish MMA clubs, as well as shorter fieldwork case studies conducted in Hong Kong, Japan, Macau, Brazil, and the US, this thesis investigates the interrelationship between MMA, excitement, sensationalism, and the spectacular physical violence that stains the participants’ bodies. Concepts taken from performance ethnography are applied to an analysis of what is reconstructed bodily. This is followed by an analysis that attempts to outline what body-violence means and how this understanding of the informants’ bodies, as well as of the researcher’s body-knowledge, reconstructs the definitions of MMA. A phenomenological approach to the concept of fighting is also included in relation to the MMA landscape. Thus, I present how the body learns the cultural enactments in fighting and how these forces shape the fighters’ gender, habitus, and way of resisting the discourse of critical opinions on MMA practice. Moreover, in trying to grasp the inner sense of MMA, I argue that the physical phenomenon of MMA is dependent on an intersubjective engagement and on the control of one’s inner coordination, which teaches a fighter how to deal with power, pain, suffering, aggression, and adrenaline flows. Keywords: abject, adrenaline, anthropology, athletes, autoethnography, body, combat arts, culture, desire, embodied, enculturation, ethnology, fieldwork, field-making, flow, fighting, full-contact, gender, harm, homosociality, intercultural, interobject, intersubjectivity, martial arts, materiality, masculinity, MMA, method, pain, personal, performance, performativity, phenomenology, pleasure, posthuman, postmodern, power, ritual, risk-taking, rush, self-reflexive, sportive, sport, stained, struggle, suffering, thrill, UFC, violence.
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Wångdahl, Max, and Martin Östling. "Det här är Mixed Martial Arts! : En kvantitativ innehållsanalys om hur svensk dagspress framställer MMA." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, SV, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-16982.
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Purpose/aim: This study was performed in order to describe how Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) is reported in Swedish daily newspapers during a five-year period. MMA is a relative new sport in Sweden and it is important that the description by the Swedish daily newspapers is accurate and balanced. Then this sport will have the same opportunities to grow as already well-established sports in Sweden. Material/Method: The material consists of 159 articles from six different daily newspapers gathered from 2006-12-07 to 2011-12-07. Quantitative content analysis is used to investigate how the newspapers describe MMA. The result from this quantitative analysis are then compiled, analysed and discussed by applying theories of agenda setting, framing and moral panic. Main results: The result shows that the Swedish daily newspapers give a relative neutral and balanced picture in their coverage of MMA but they are affected to a certain degree of moral panic. A neutral framing of MMA was common in the majority of the newspapers. Swedish newspapers have fulfilled the requirements that you should have on balanced journalism. A majority of the articles described MMA with more or less deviancy and therefore made MMA “Folk Devils”. Further there was a consensus among politicians and other right-thinking people that MMA is a threat to and is dangerous to society. The negative reporting of MMA in the daily newspapers is volatile with one-year cycles with start in late 2009. With one quarter of the articles describing MMA as a problem, there is preconception that MMA is likely to have a negative impact on society. There is a disproportion in the reporting of MMA as a threat as “Swedish Sports” have approved MMA as a sport, but still report it as a problem. Therefore there is some kind of moral panic about MMA in Swedish daily newspaper.
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Sehlstedt, Johan, and Benjamin Brodin. "”Women will never fight in the UFC” : En kvalitativ innehållsanalys av kvinnlig MMA’s framställning i media." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kultur- och medievetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-101633.
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”Never!” That was the answer UFC President Dana White gave when asked when women would be seen in the UFC. Two years later the first fight between two women took place and now there’s more than 50 female competitors in the UFC - an organisation that earlier was reserved only for men. ”Women will never fight in the UFC” – A qualitative content analysis of the depiction of women’s MMA in media is a study which focuses on how women’s MMA and Ronda Rousey as an individual athlete are portrayed in american internet based MMA media, with a gender research perspective. This study also investigates how the introduction of the first women’s division in the UFC might have affected the depiction women’s MMA in media. The theoretical framework consists of gender theory concepts such as gender performativity, the man as norm, sports and masculinity. With this theoretical framework as foundation, a directed content analysis was used as research method. The results of this analysis shows a frequent emphasis on the appearance of female athletes in the material. An attractive woman is preferable, and a muscular and more masculine woman is considered as deviant. Female athletes are constantly in comparison to male athletes, both in a positive sense, when their athleticism or talent is compared, and in a negative sense to downgrade their appearance. It is clear that the man is the starting-point, which the women are compared to. The material shows that before the introduction of a female division in the UFC there were strong concerns about women entering the organisation - would it be received as a positive or a negative change and thus if it was economically sustainable. After the first women’s fight in the UFC, the appearances of the competitors weren’t referenced as frequently in the material as before, and their performances were highlighted in a much higher degree. Ronda Rousey is portrayed as the most important individual competitor in women’s MMA. She’s got “everything”, both the looks and talent. But to some extent her talent is marginalized. A resistance that may be based in the unfamiliarity of seeing a woman in the spotlight of the MMA-world.
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Doeg, Andrew. "Outside the Cage: The Political Campaign to Destroy Mixed Martial Arts." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5627.
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This is an early history of Mixed Martial Arts in America. It focuses primarily on the political campaign to ban the sport in the 1990s and the repercussions that campaign had on MMA itself. Furthermore, it examines the censorship of music and video games in the 1990s. The central argument of this work is that the political campaign to ban Mixed Martial Arts was part of a larger political movement to censor violent entertainment. Connections are shown in the actions and rhetoric of politicians who attacked music, video games and the Ultimate Fighting Championship on the grounds that it glorified violence. The political pressure exerted on the sport is largely responsible for the eventual success and widespread acceptance of MMA. The pressure forced the sport to regulate itself and transformed it into something more acceptable to mainstream America.M.A.
Masters
History
Arts and Humanities
History
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Teeter, Allison M. "Caution, this is Sparta!: a gendered examination of mixed martial arts and the spartanization process." Diss., Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/17625.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work
Robert Schaeffer
The sport of Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) was once referred to as a No Holds Barred (NHB) fighting contest, but is now known as cage, extreme, or ultimate fighting. Showcasing athletes from a variety of martial arts backgrounds, a referee stoppage, knockout, or submission is the only way to win. Pushing their minds and bodies to the limits, fighters often engage in hand-to-hand combat inside of a ring or cage in front of a crowd, for anywhere from three to twenty-five minutes. How does one become an MMA fighter? Through a rigorous and complex process of socialization that will be referred to in this work as the ‘spartanization’ process. A mixed methodological approach, primarily qualitative in nature, was used to reveal the rigorous and complex nature of this process. This study’s data collection began with six site visits taking place over the course of six months. Utilizing a convenience sampling method, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 31 male and 14 female fighters. The interview schedule addressed fighters’ involvement in the spartanization process, their experiences in the gym as well as the cage, and their perceptions as fighters. Male and female participants described the spartanization process and ascribed meaning to it in similar ways. Their motivations for becoming MMA fighters are explained using theories of identity and alienation. Findings demonstrate that the sport of MMA and process of becoming a fighter are both highly gendered. One was neither found to be more nor less gendered than the other, but according to this study’s findings women are more likely to feel the effects of gender at the organizational level than they are a the level of training. Not sure what MMA is? Never heard of the UFC before? Do not worry, the histories of both are provided. By reading this work you will also learn more about the athletes participating in this sport, and discover whether or not you have what it takes to be the next ‘ultimate fighter.’
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Peters, Lina, and Marlene Ragnarsson. "“MMA är faktiskt mer än bara våld” En Kvalitativ studie om Mixed Martial Arts sociala betydelse för ungdomar." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-26492.
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The aim of the study was to examine if the sport Mixed Martial Arts could serve as a enabling element for young people in society and in such a case, in wich way. The following questions were asked in the study:How does coaches and young practioners of MMA experience that the sport affects the living conditions of individuals?Could MMA act as a protective factor in preventing social problems?What is the practioners point of view on the criticism of MMA and the risks of practioning MMA?The study was conducted through the qualitative research approach. Empirical data was collected through semi-structured interviews with practioners of an MMA club situated in an area with low socioeconomic status. The empirical material was analyzed based on a number of theoretical concepts, in wich the perspective of risk- and protective factors had an significant part. The result show that MMA could affect the living conditions of individuals in many ways, one of them is the coach as a supportive adult to young people. There are a number of social aspects associated to participation in MMA, as to acquire self-esteem and a social context. The young practioners does not agree on the criticism toward MMA of being brutal and adverse, instead they claim that MMA is characterized by humility and respect to your opponent. They admit that there are injuries following the practice of the sport, as in any sports, thus it is the social advantages that keeps them continuing to practice MMA.
Books on the topic "Mixed Martial Arts (MMA)"
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Joseph Pablo de la Guevara. Mixed martial arts (MMA): Strikers guide for trainers and fighters. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse, 2010.
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Charles, Fleming, ed. Uncaged: My life as a champion mma fighter. Chicago: Chicago Review Press, 2012.
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Shamrock, Frank. Uncaged: My life as a champion mma fighter. Chicago: Chicago Review Press, 2012.
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Ferruggia, Jason. Fit to fight: An insanely effective strength and conditioning program for the ultimate MMA warrior. New York: Avery, 2008.
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Filho teu não foge a luta: Como os lutadores brasileiros transformaram o MMA em um fenômeno mundial. Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Intrinseca, 2012.
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Mars, AnnMaria De. Winning on the ground: Training and techniques for judo and mma fighters. Valencia, CA: Black Belt Books, 2013.
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Loretta, Hunt, ed. Let's get it on: The making of MMA and its ultimate referee. [St. Charles, IL]: Medallion Press, 2011.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Mixed Martial Arts (MMA)"
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Holt, Jason. "An aesthetic apology for MMA." In The Philosophy of Mixed Martial Arts, 78–87. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003122395-8.
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Tremblay, Michael. "MMA as a path to stoic virtue." In The Philosophy of Mixed Martial Arts, 122–33. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003122395-11.
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Bledsoe, Gregory H. "Mixed Martial Arts." In Combat Sports Medicine, 323–30. London: Springer London, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-354-5_18.
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Malanowski, Sarah, and Nicholas R. Baima. "On the martial arts status of mixed martial arts." In The Philosophy of Mixed Martial Arts, 16–29. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003122395-3.
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Veit, Walter, and Heather Browning. "Ethics of mixed martial arts." In The Philosophy of Mixed Martial Arts, 134–49. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003122395-12.
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Martínková, Irena, and Jim Parry. "Mixed martial arts is not a martial art." In The Philosophy of Mixed Martial Arts, 4–15. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003122395-2.
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Vaittinen, Anu M. "Mixed martial arts coaches and sensory pedagogies." In Seeking the Senses in Physical Culture, 157–73. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, [2017] | Series: Routledge research in sport, culture and society; 73: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315657585-9.
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Lewandowski, Joseph D. "Violence and constraints in combat sport." In The Philosophy of Mixed Martial Arts, 43–52. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003122395-5.
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Kane, Nancy. "Gender and ethics." In The Philosophy of Mixed Martial Arts, 161–73. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003122395-14.
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Chow, Tszki. "Finding beauty in the cage." In The Philosophy of Mixed Martial Arts, 66–77. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003122395-7.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Mixed Martial Arts (MMA)"
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Narchuk, Valentin. "Trolling On Social Media Pages Dedicated To Mixed Martial Arts." In Topical Issues of Linguistics and Teaching Methods in Business and Professional Communication. European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.12.02.45.
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Tarmaeva, Viktoria I. "Tolerance/Intolerence On Social Media Pages Dedicated To Mixed Martial Arts." In X International Conference “Word, Utterance, Text: Cognitive, Pragmatic and Cultural Aspects”. European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.08.161.
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Wu, Erwin, and Hideki Koike. "FuturePose - Mixed Reality Martial Arts Training Using Real-Time 3D Human Pose Forecasting With a RGB Camera." In 2019 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wacv.2019.00152.
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Soolaman, J., M. Gaetz, and J. Brandenburg. "6 The cognitive and physical effects of pre-competition rapid weight loss and gain in mixed martial arts athletes." In International Sports Science + Sports Medicine Conference 2017 ABSTRACTS, Incorporating Sports Physiotherapy and Strength & Conditioning, Newcastle Upon Tyne, England 5–7th September 2017. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-098966.10.
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