Relevant bibliographies by topics / Mixed oxidation number

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Mixed oxidation number'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Mixed oxidation number"

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IVAKIN, A. A., M. V. KRUCHININA, and O. V. KORYAKOVA. "ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Iron(III) Vanadate with Mixed Vanadium(IV,V) Oxidation Number." ChemInform 22, no. 4 (August 23, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199104021.

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Muronetz, Vladimir I., Aleksandra K. Melnikova, Luciano Saso, and Elena V. Schmalhausen. "Influence of Oxidative Stress on Catalytic and Non-glycolytic Functions of Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase." Current Medicinal Chemistry 27, no. 13 (April 24, 2020): 2040–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867325666180530101057.

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Background: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a unique enzyme that, besides its main function in glycolysis (catalysis of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate oxidation), possesses a number of non-glycolytic activities. The present review summarizes information on the role of oxidative stress in the regulation of the enzymatic activity as well as non-glycolytic functions of GAPDH. Methods: Based on the analysis of literature data and the results obtained in our research group, mechanisms of the regulation of GAPDH functions through the oxidation of the sulfhydryl groups in the active site of the enzyme have been suggested. Results: Mechanism of GAPDH oxidation includes consecutive oxidation of the catalytic Cysteine (Cys150) into sulfenic, sulfinic, and sulfonic acid derivatives, resulting in the complete inactivation of the enzyme. The cysteine sulfenic acid reacts with reduced glutathione (GSH) to form a mixed disulfide (S-glutathionylated GAPDH) that further reacts with Cys154 yielding the disulfide bond in the active site of the enzyme. In contrast to the sulfinic and sulfonic acids, the mixed disulfide and the intramolecular disulfide bond are reversible oxidation products that can be reduced in the presence of GSH or thioredoxin. Conclusion: Oxidation of sulfhydryl groups in the active site of GAPDH is unavoidable due to the enhanced reactivity of Cys150. The irreversible oxidation of Cys150 is prevented by Sglutathionylation and disulfide bonding with Cys154. The oxidation/reduction of the sulfhydryl groups in the active site of GAPDH can be used for regulation of glycolysis and numerous side activities of this enzyme including the induction of apoptosis.
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Chomiak, M., J. Trawczyński, and M. Zawadzki. "Effect of cobalt (nickel) oxide on the properties of zinc–titanium sorbents for high temperature desulphurization of model coal gas." Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering 38, no. 3 (July 6, 2021): 605–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43153-021-00129-y.

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AbstractZn–Ti–Co(Ni) sorbents for H2S removal from model hot coal were prepared and characterized. Effects of cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) on the sorbents texture, structure, H2S sorption capacity and regeneration properties were determined. TiO2 formed mixed metal oxides with CoO and NiO in the fresh sorbents, while TiO2 and nanocrystalline sulfides of Zn, Co, Ni were found in sulphided ones. The oxidative regeneration of sulphided sorbents re-formed mixed oxides. Sorption capacity of studied materials increased along with an increase of the amount of added Co (Ni) and also with the number of work cycles. Co-doped Zn–Ti materials adsorbed up to 244% more sulfur than these of Zn–Ti, while Ni-doped materials adsorbed ca. twice more H2S than the corresponding Co-doped sorbents. The addition of Co (Ni) decreased the temperature of ZnS oxidation. The catalytic effect of the Co (Ni) oxides on the oxidation of ZnS was suggested.
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Laishley, E. J., R. D. Bryant, B. W. Kobryn, and J. B. Hyne. "Microcrystalline structure and surface area of elemental sulphur as factors influencing its oxidation by Thiobacillus albertis." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 32, no. 3 (March 1, 1986): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m86-047.

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The effect of particle size, surface area per unit weight, and molecular composition of S0 on the rate of S0 oxidation by Thiobacillus albertis was studied. Spherical S0 prills varying in size and surface areas were prepared and added as the sulphur source to synthetic salts medium. The rate of S0 oxidation by T. albertis was found to be a function of surface area/unit weight of sulphur. In all these experiments [Formula: see text] was produced in a linear manner with time indicating sterically favorable cell–sulphur oxidation binding sites for bacterial growth. Different powdered forms of S0 (high-purity orthohombic, high-purity polymeric, and mixed molecular sulphur) were oxidized at a significantly faster rate than the prilled S0. Also the initial oxidation was exponential up to 3 days at which point [Formula: see text] production from mixed molecular sulphur utilization fell off substantially with time as compared with similar [Formula: see text] rate curves obtained with high-purity orthorhombic and high-purity polymeric oxidation. It was implied that the increased Sx content in mixed molecular sulphur was responsible for the slower oxidation rate by altering the sulphur crystal lattice formation which affected the number of sterically favorable oxidation binding sites for T. albertis growth. Thiobacillus albertis was shown to colonize S0 surfaces as microcolonies. It was concluded that particle size, surface area/unit weight, and the crystal microstructure of S0 affects the oxidation rate of S0 by T. albertis.
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Mikulová, Zuzana, Květuše Jirátová, Jan Klempa, and František Kovanda. "Modification of Co-Mn-Al Mixed Oxide with Promoters and Their Effect on Properties and Activity in VOC Total Oxidation." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 73, no. 8-9 (2008): 1000–1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20081000.

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The activity and selectivity of the Co-Mn-Al mixed oxide catalyst modified with promoters (Pt, Pd, K and La) in total oxidation of volatile organic compounds (toluene and ethanol) were studied. The promoters were introduced at the stage of coprecipitation of a layered double hydroxide (LDH) precursor or impregnation of the mixed oxide obtained by LDH precursor calcination. In total oxidation of toluene, the most active Co-Mn-Al catalysts were those containing low amounts of potassium regardless of the mode of modification, while in total oxidation of ethanol the catalyst impregnated with a higher potassium concentration (3 wt.%) was the most active. Introduction of Pt and Pd in an amount of 0.5 or 0.1 wt.% into the Co-Mn-Al mixed oxide did not improve its catalytic activity. The impregnation method appears to be a more effective mode for preparation of active catalysts than the method using an addition of promoters at the stage of coprecipitation of the LDH precursor. Undesirable reaction intermediate (benzene) was formed when toluene oxidation was carried out over lanthanum- or palladium-containing catalysts. In total oxidation of ethanol, a number of reaction intermediates were produced acetaldehyde being the main one. The catalysts modified at the stage of LDH precursor coprecipitation exhibited a better selectivity (i.e., a lower acetaldehyde formation) than those modified by impregnation. The best results were obtained with the Co-Mn-Al mixed oxide catalyst modified with potassium.
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Filatov, D. A., M. A. Kopytov, V. S. Ovsyannikova, and E. A. Elchaninova. "Oxidation of a Mixture of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons by a Mixed Culture of Hydrocarbon-Oxidizing Microorganisms." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 23, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj1034.

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The possibility of biochemical oxidation of polyaromatic hydrocarbon mixtures (PAHs) by the mixed culture of hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms (HOM) in a liquid medium and soil was investigated. The mixed HOM culture was represented by Pseudomonas stutzeri, Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus cereus, and Arthrobacter globiformis genera. It was shown that during HOM cultivation of the microorganisms under study in the liquid medium their number increases from 0.25·104 to 11·108 CFU/ml, which is accompanied by an increase in their oxygenase activity. All PAHs identified were subjected to oxidation from 11.3 to 100%. The results of experiments on biodegradation of PAHs under natural conditions have shown that for 60 days the total utilization of oil products in soils was on the average 65% of the initial contamination. This suggests the prospects for the use of the mixed HOM culture under study for effective biodegradation of PAHs polluting soil and waste waters.
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Giri, R. R., H. Ozaki, Y. Takayanagi, S. Taniguchi, and R. Takanami. "Efficacy of ultraviolet radiation and hydrogen peroxide oxidation to eliminate large number of pharmaceutical compounds in mixed solution." International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology 8, no. 1 (December 1, 2010): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03326192.

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NAKAGAWA, Kiyomasa, Yasumasa SAIKI, Kouichi OKABE, and Etsuhide YAMAMOTO. "Studies on the mechanism of oral mixed infections. Relation between the oxidation-reduction potential and number of viable cells." Japanese Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery 39, no. 10 (1993): 1035–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5794/jjoms.39.1035.

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Kaplin, Igor Yu, Ekaterina S. Lokteva, Elena V. Golubina, and Valery V. Lunin. "Template Synthesis of Porous Ceria-Based Catalysts for Environmental Application." Molecules 25, no. 18 (September 16, 2020): 4242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25184242.

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Porous oxide materials are widely used in environmental catalysis owing to their outstanding properties such as high specific surface area, enhanced mass transport and diffusion, and accessibility of active sites. Oxides of metals with variable oxidation state such as ceria and double oxides based on ceria also provide high oxygen storage capacity which is important in a huge number of oxidation processes. The outstanding progress in the development of hierarchically organized porous oxide catalysts relates to the use of template synthetic methods. Single and mixed oxides with enhanced porous structure can serve both as supports for the catalysts of different nature and active components for catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds, soot particles and other environmentally dangerous components of exhaust gases, in hydrocarbons reforming, water gas shift reaction and photocatalytic transformations. This review highlights the recent progress in synthetic strategies using different types of templates (artificial and biological, hard and soft), including combined ones, in the preparation of single and mixed oxide catalysts based on ceria, and provides examples of their application in the main areas of environmental catalysis.
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Zatovsky, Igor V., Nikolay S. Slobodyanik, Denis A. Stratiychuk, Konstantin V. Domasevitch, Joachim Sieler, and Eduard B. Rusanov. "A Novel Convenient Synthesis of Mixed-Valence TiIII/TiIV Double Phosphates Starting with Titanium Nitride TiN." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 55, no. 3-4 (April 1, 2000): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2000-3-411.

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Abstract A new synthetic approach for the low- and mixed-valence double titanium phosphates starting with titanium nitride, TiN, and based on the controlled oxidation of a low-valent metal in the phosphate melt is presented. The reaction of the system MI2O - P2O5 - TiN (MI = Na, K) in air (800-1050 °C) leads to loss of nitrogen, N2, and results in the formation of a number of double phosphates: KTiP2O7, K2TiniTiIV(PO4)3, KTiOPO4, NaTiP2O7, NaTi2(PO4)3 and a new mixed-valent diphosphate, NaTiIIITiIV(P2O7)2. The mixed-valent species K2TiIIITiIV(PO4)3 and NaTiIIITiIV(P2O7)2 were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The described synthetic procedure is proposed as a simple and convenient method for the preparation of lowand mixed-valent phosphate materials
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mixed oxidation number"

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Lemoine, Pascale. "Combinaisons ternaires soufrées formées par l'europium et un second métal : exemples de dérivés de l'europium à valence mixte; synthèse, structures et propriétés physiques." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066416.

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L'études des combinaisons ternaires soufrées formées par l'europium et un second métal conduit dans de nombreux cas a des composes qui ne contiennent que de l'europium divalent, tels que Eu3Sb4S9, EuLn2S4 (Ln: Dy—Lu, Y) et Eu1,1Bi2S4. . Dans ces trois composes Eu (ii) présente un environnement 8-prismatique et le second métal, un environnement octaédrique. Dans Eu3Sb4S9, le doublet 5s2 non-engagé de Sb (iii) crée de larges tunnels au sein de la structure. Les composés EuLn2S4 ont une structure de type CaFe2O4. Le réseau du composé Eu1, 1Bi2S4 contient de larges canaux partiellement occupés par des atomes d'europium divalent d'environnement 9-prismatique. Dans quelques cas, lorsque le second métal est susceptible de stabiliser partiellement la valence iii de l'europium, des composés à valence mixte sont obtenus, tels Eu2BiS4 et Eu2CuS3 qui contiennent les deux valences de l'europium, mais de façon différenciée par des sites cristallographiques distincts. Dans Eu2BiS4, Eu(ii) a un environnement 7-prismatique, Eu (iii), 7-octaedrique et Bi (iii), octaédrique. Dans Eu2CuS3, Eu (ii) a un environnement 8-prismatique, Eu(iii), octaédrique et Cu (i),tétraédrique. Dans ces deux composés, il existe des feuillets perpendiculaires à l'axe b, de formule Eurs(3) (r = Cu ou Bi). Tous ces composés sont paramagnétiques et semi-conducteurs. Cette étude met en évidence la stabilité de l'état divalent de l'europium dans les sulfures et la nécessité pour obtenir des composes à valeur mixte ou intermédiaire de l'europium, de modifier les conditions d'études, telles que la température et la pression.
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Chaillout-Bougerol, Catherine. "Contribution à l'étude du système BaPb(1-x)Bi(x)O(3) : relations entre les propriétés structurales, chimiques et physiques." Grenoble 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE10017.

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Etude de la solution solide du titre du fait de l'interet suscite par ses proprietes physiques : phrase supraconductrice pour 0,05 x 0,30 avec tc# 13k, transition metal-semiconducteur pour x # 0,30. La structure de ces composes est de type perovskite. Selon la concentration en pb et bi, la structure de base cubique se deforme differemment. Etude de la valence de bi et de la stoechiometrie en oxygene, dans babi0::(3) en particulier. Proposition de modeles qui permettent de concilier divers resultats publies anterieurement concernant les proprietes structurales et physiques
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Fernández-Valverde, Suilma Marisela. "Echange isotopique dans des composes a valence mixte a l'etat solide." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13030.

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Chmaissem, Omar. "Détermination structurale des mécanismes de transfert de charges dans le supraconducteur Pb2Sr2Y(1-x)CaxCu3O(8+[delta])." Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10039.

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Le compose pb#2sr#2ln#1##xca#xcu#3o#8#+# est un cuprate supraconduceur a haute tc. L'oxyde pb#2sr#2ycu#3o#8 devient supraconducteur lorsqu'on substitue une partie de l'y par du ca. Nous avons mis au point de nouvelles methodes de synthese de poudres et de monocristaux. Le mecanisme de l'oxydation a ete etudie par thermogravimetrie et analyse structurale des phases oxydees. L'oxygene est intercale sur deux sites situes dans la couche cu, et provoque l'oxydation du cu#1#+ en cu#2#+ et d'une partie du pb#2#+ en pb#4#+. La formation de pb#4#+ desequilibre les charges dans la structure, et l'oxygene apical 01 s'eloigne des plans cuo#2. Plusieurs monocristaux (0
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Sakout, Mohammed. "Contribution de la spectrométrie X à l'étude des degrés d'oxydation du vanadium et du chrome dans les oxydes mixtes de structure spinelle." Rouen, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ROUES002.

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Les déplacements chimiques expérimentaux observés à partir des spectres des oxydes simples et d'oxydes de Cr ou de V de structure spinelle à degré d'oxydation connu permettent d'établir une relation entre la valeur de ce déplacement chimique et le degré d'oxydation. Applications: 1) mise en évidence d'une très faible teneur en V (ii) dans les composés du système Fe(1+x)O(4) 2) dosage semiquantitatif du Cr (vi) dans les catalyseurs "chromite de cuivre"
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Cukiernik, Fabio D. "Synthèses, études physicochimiques et structurales de nouveaux matériaux moléculaires mésogènes : les carboxylates binucléaires de ruthénium." Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10134.

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Nous avons synthetise et caracterise plusieurs series de carboxylates binucleaires de ruthenium a valence mixte de formule generale ru#2(rco#2)#4x, ou x=cl, rco#2, dodecylsulfate et r=ch#3(ch#2)#n, (c#nh#2#n#+#1o)#mph. Une serie de carboxylates de ruthenium divalent de formule ru#2(rco#2)#4 a chaine aliphatique lineaire a aussi ete synthetisee et etudiee. Les proprietes mesomorphes de ces produits ont ete etudiees par microscopie optique en lumiere polarisee, calorimetrie differentielle a balayage et diffraction de rayons x de poudre. Les carboxylates divalents presentent une mesophase colonnaire hexagonale ordonnee, tres similaire a celle qui avait ete obtenue pour les carboxylates de cuivre et de rhodium. Le mesomorphisme des carboxylates de ruthenium a valence mixte s'est revele fortement dependant de la nature de l'anion et du type de carboxylate. Le parametre clef dans l'apparition de mesophases est le remplissage efficace de l'espace, obtenu par utilisation d'anions a longue chaine ou de carboxylates equatoriaux encombrants. Un modele structural pour la mesophase colonnaire hexagonale des pentacarboxylates est propose. Les etudes spectroscopiques (infrarouge, raman) montrent que la vibration ru-ru est peu sensible a la nature des produits etudies. De plus, sa frequence reste pratiquement inchangee lors de la transition vers la phase cristal liquide. Le comportement magnetique des carboxylates de ruthenium a valence mixte est caracterise par un etat paramagnetique avec un fort ecart en champ nul. La presence d'interactions intermoleculaires depend de la nature de l'anion, ainsi que de certains parametres structuraux. Aucun changement de structure electronique n'a ete detecte pour les pentacarboxylates lors de la transition vers la mesophase, contrairement a la situation trouvee dans les carboxylates divalents. L'intercalation de pyrazine introduit des interactions intermoleculaires antiferromagnetiques dans les carboxylates a valence mixte, et conduit a la modification des proprietes spectroscopiques ainsi qu'a la perte du caractere mesogene des carboxylates divalents
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MONDOLONI, CHRISTIAN. "Contribution a l'etude de la valence anormale de l'ytterbium et du thulium dans yb : :(1-x)tm::(x)se et yb::(1-y)tm::(y)s." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077122.

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Etude experimentale de l'instabilite de la valence des atomes de tm en fonction de la concentration dans les composes du titre. On mesure la valence des atomes de tm par susceptibilite magnetique et absorption rx, et on met en evidence une divergence de resultats par ces deux methodes. On met en evidence une transition metal-semiconducteur pour x=0,84, un ordre antiferromagnetique a 1,5 k, une magnetoresistivite negative. L'etude des sulfures amene a interpreter les proprietes de transport dans le domaine y >ou= 0,08 pour t>15 k par l'effet kondo
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Abel, Jonathan. "Corrélations compositions chimiques-structures d’oxydes mixtes (Ce / Zr) à base de Pr4+ / Pr3+ et propriétés de réductibilité." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14334/document.

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Ce travail est relatif à la synthèse et à la caractérisation d’oxydes mixtes Pr1-zCezO2-y et Pr1-xZrxO2-y. Différentes compositions chimiques associées à une valence mixte Pr4+/Pr3+ concomitant à un taux précis de lacunes d’oxygènes ont été isolées tant pour les composés à l’état oxydé que pour ces derniers réduits sous Ar/H2. A l’état réduit, différentes surstructures de la maille fluorine ont été caractérisées par diffraction des RX et de neutrons. Sur la base de mesures magnétiques, d’analyses par spectroscopie d’absorption X (XANES-EXAFS) aux seuils K du Zr et LIII du Ce/Pr et d’analyses thermogravimétriques et/ou TPR (Temperature Programmed Reduction), les évolutions des taux de Pr4+/Pr3+ dans cette série ont été déterminées. Enfin, des mesures in-situ sous atmosphère réductrice par diffraction de neutrons et EELS (Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy) ont été réalisées dans l’objectif de corréler compositions chimiques- édifices structuraux et propriétés de réductibilité
This work deals with the synthesis and the characterization of Pr1-zCezO2-y and Pr1-xZrxO2-y oxides. Various chemical compositions associated with mixed valence state Pr4+/Pr3+ concomitant to precise oxygen vacancies rate were isolated for compounds in both oxidized and reduced compounds. In the reduced state, different superstructures of the fluorine network were characterized by X-ray and neutrons diffraction. On the basis of magnetic measurements, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XANES-EXAFS) at Zr K-edge and Pr and Ce LII/III-edges and the thermogravimetric analyses and\or TPR (Temperature Programmed Reduction), evolutions of Pr4+/Pr3+ rates in this series were estimated. Finally, in-situ measurements under reducing atmosphere by neutrons diffraction and EELS (Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy) were realized to correlate chemical compositions- structural features and reducibility properties
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Gharibi, Elkhadir. "Étude de l'influence de quelques éléments mineurs (AL,TI, CR, K) sur la réduction de l'hématite en magnétite." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10167.

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Étude cinétique et mécanisme de la réduction de l'hématite en magnétite sur des cristaux naturels purs ou dopés. Mesures de conductivité électrique en fonction de la pression d'oxygène dans le but d'une corrélation avec les processus de germination
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Lehmann, Pascale. "Reseau kondo, magnetisme et leur competition dans ceru : :(2)si::(2) et composes derives." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13106.

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Etude par mesures de chaleur massique, d'aimantation, de susceptibilite, de resistivite et d'absorption x, du caractere de systeme kondo a fermions lourds du compose du titre. L'effet d'un champ magnetique pour la transition couplage fort-couplage faible a ete mise en evidence. Effet d'une substitution du cerium par le lanthane ou le cerium. Interpretation des proprietes a basse temperature dans le cadre d'un modele phenomenologique de liquide de fermi reposant sur l'hypothese d'un etat resonnant s-f, non strictement lorentzien situe au niveau de fermi. Ce modele etendu permet de rendre compte des effets de competition entre magnetisme et effet kondo
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Book chapters on the topic "Mixed oxidation number"

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"where K = kelvin. Because of the low temperature elevation in the low dose range, radiation calorimetry is limited in practice to the dose range above 3 kGy. This small temperature elevation is the gross result of the complex process of radiation interaction with matter. The individual steps of this process depend on the type of radiation used. Another type of physical dose meter, one that is used more and more in research and in industrial practice, is the alanine/electron spin resonance (ESR) system. Stable free radicals produced by irradiation in a concentration propor­ tional to the radiation dose in samples of pure, dry alanine are measured by ESR spectroscopy. The alanine is usually mixed 4:1 with paraffin (26) or 1:1 with polystyrene (27) of analytical grade quality. Reproducible dose response curves are obtained in the extremely wide dose range of 1 Gy to 100 kGy. In principal, any reproducible change caused by irradiation of a medium can be used to measure the absorbed radiation dose. In practice, only those changes can be evaluated which are stable for a reasonable length of time and which can be reliably measured by standard procedures such as titration or spectrophotometry. The chemical change is usually expressed as the G value, which is a measure of the number of atoms, molecules, or ions produced ( + G) or destroyed ( -G ) by 100 eV of absorbed energy. In the new SI system of units the G value is expressed as per J instead of per 100 eV. An important reference dose meter in food irradiation is the ferrous sulfate or Fricke dose meter. It is based on the radiation-induced oxidation of ferrous ions (Fe + ) to ferric ions (Fe + ) and consists of measuring the increased optical absorbance of the ferric ions at the absorption peak of 305 nm. For 60Co gamma rays the G value for ferric ion yield is 15.6 Fe3+ ions per 100 eV, or 9.74 X 1017 ions/J; the yield for electrons at a dose rate of 108 Gy/sec is 13.0. Fricke dosimetry is useful in the range 3 Gy. The upper limit can be extended into the kGy range by adding CuS04, which reduces the G value from 15.6 to 0.65. There are many other systems, such as the ethanol-chlorobenzene dose meter, which is based on the formation of hydrochloric acid from chlorobenzene. The hydrochloric acid can be measured by titration or by its effect on the dielectric constant. The useful dose range of this system is 1-400 Gy. In the low dose range, down to 5 Gy, radiochromic dye dosimetry can be used. When the colorless solution of pararosaniline cyanide in 2-methoxyethanol and glacial acetic acid is irradiated, an intense red color develops with an absorption maximum at 549 nm. More recently proposed methods belonging to the group of liquid dose meter systems are listed in Table 3. PMA (polymethyl methacrylate) dose meters belong to the group of solid phase dose meters. Irradiation of PMMA (e.g., Perspex) induces an absorption." In Safety of Irradiated Foods, 50. CRC Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482273168-39.

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Conference papers on the topic "Mixed oxidation number"

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Junaedi, Achmad. "Learning From Success Mixing Different Brands of Turbomachinery Lube Oil ISO VG32 at Badak LNG Plant Bontang." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-75628.

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Badak LNG Plant Bontang have succeeded in mixing different brands of turbomachinery lube oil ISO VG32 which intended to increase flexibility of lube oil usage and eliminate to one brand dependency during operational. The methodology referred to ASTM D7155 Standard Practice for Evaluating Compatibility of Mixtures of Turbine Lubricating Oils and ASTM D4378 Standard Practice for In-Service Monitoring of Mineral Turbine Oils for Steam, Gas and Combined Cycle Turbines. The study was started from lube oil compatibility test at laboratory. After that, a ratio 70:30 of ISO VG32 existing lube oil (DTE Light) and new lube oil (Turbolube XT32) were mixed and trialed to Fuel Gas Compressor and its Turbine Driver. Lube oil and equipment operating parameter such as viscosity, color, water content, total acid number, foaming tendency, oxidation, metal content, flash point, bearing temperature, filter differential pressure, and vibration were collected and compared to baseline data to analyze deterioration indication of lube oil. As long as eight month trial test, there was no deterioration indication of lube oil mixture and no significant influence to the equipment operating performance. Badak LNG have decided to continue lube oil mixing.
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2

Timmer, Douglas H., Constantine Tarawneh, and Robert Jones. "Models for the Residual Life of Railroad Bearing Grease in Laboratory and Industry Applications." In 2017 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2017-2250.

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Adequate lubrication in railroad bearings is crucial to the safe operation of these components. An investigation of the residual life of railroad bearing grease was conducted in a laboratory setting. The data was collected using a split-split-plot design of experiments. The Oxidation Induction Time (OIT), which is the time required for the remaining antioxidants in a sample of grease to be consumed in a test, is the response variable for this study. Low values of OIT indicate small remaining amounts of antioxidants in the grease and thus small remaining residual life in the grease. OIT measurements were made using differential scanning calorimetry. Laboratory testing was performed utilizing a specialized dynamic test rig that allowed four rail-road bearings of the same class, mounted on a test axle, to be subjected to varying operating conditions. The independent factors manipulated in this study were total service mileage, miles at load, average speed, mounted lateral spacing, and average temperature at three locations within each bearing. Additional information was recorded for each axle tested that includes axle number, bearing location within the test axle, grease location within each bearing and the presence or absence of a small sprall on the bearing surface. Regression analysis was employed to fit mixed effects models using JMP software. The first modeling effort was to develop the best possible model for laboratory usage. A second modeling effort was conducted to develop a model for industry usage without several variables available only in the laboratory setting. Web-based applications are provided for users to investigate the residual life of railroad bearing grease in both laboratory and industry settings.
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3

Fotache, C. G., D. J. Hautman, and T. J. Rosfjord. "Design of a Jet-Stirred Gas Generator for Studies of High Temperature Mixing and Combustion." In ASME Turbo Expo 2000: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2000-gt-0127.

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A high-temperature Jet-Stirred Gas Generator (JSGG) has been designed to investigate the characteristics of combustion in the mixing layer between a flow of air and a mainstream flow of rich combustion products. The design goal is delivery of a near-equilibrium, spatially-uniform flow of combustion products for a range of Mach numbers in the test section between 0.1–0.7, pressures of 1–10 atm, and equivalence ratios of 0.5–2.0. In this paper we describe the reactor design, as well as the numerical and experimental evaluation of its operation. The FLUENT turbulent flow code was used together with a reduced chemical kinetic model for propane-air oxidation to verify the attainment of well-mixed, near-equilibrium conditions. Experiments were performed using flow sampling at the inlet of the test section by means of an optimized aerodynamic-quench probe. Both the experiments and the calculated results indicate achievement of the design goals.
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