Journal articles: 'MLDI'

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Abroun, Ikrame, Abdelilah Azyat, Nizar Ben Achhab, Naoufal Raissouni, and Asaad Chahboun. "Comparative analysis of human development indicators: Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima region." SHS Web of Conferences 119 (2021): 06003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202111906003.

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Human development is more than a question of the accumulation of wealth, income, or economic growth. It must be human-centred. This is why concerns as necessary as respect for human rights, the reduction of social inequalities and poverty, the promotion of equal opportunities between men and women are indeed relevant. This considers human resources not only as a means of growth but, more fundamentally, as an end of growth. The demographic variable was always a serious problem to decision-makers in different countries. It is considered to be at the root of the various handicaps of development. Morocco has carried out throughout the last forty years’ population policies to improve the well-being of its citizens. To highlight regional and provincial disparities in Morocco, we are based in this work on indices of human development, namely, SDI, ASDI, MLDI using the process of the data warehouse. Finally, we have analyzed and visualized these indices with Power BI software to make a comparative analysis of TTA provinces. Findings show that Tanger-Assilah province has a great value with 0.77 of MLDI. However, Chefchaouen province has the less one with 0.56. This study has been performed to help to establish efficient decisions and making operational insights.

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Ainger, K., E. Barbarese, L. Berman, and J. H. Carson. "Molecular genetic analysis of the mldr mouse: a spontaneous revertant at the mld locus containing a recombinant myelin basic protein gene." Genetics 130, no. 2 (February 1, 1992): 367–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/130.2.367.

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Abstract The mld mutation is a complex genetic lesion affecting the myelin basic protein (MBP) locus in the mouse. The mutation consists of a variety of DNA rearrangements including: tandem duplication of the MBP structural gene, partial inversion of the 3' end of the upstream gene copy, duplication of a region flanking the rearrangement junction in the upstream copy and insertion between the two gene copies of a segment of extraneous DNA not associated with the wild-type MBP locus. The net result of the mutation is a dysfunctional MBP locus. Homozygous mld/mld mice produce very little MBP and consequently very little myelin. They exhibit a clinical phenotype characteristic of hypomyelination (shaking, convulsions). We have discovered a revertant mld mouse which does not exhibit clinical symptoms of hypomyelination. Genetic analysis indicates that the reversion is allelic to mld. We have designated the revertant locus mldr. Restriction analysis of mldr genomic DNA indicates that there is a single intact MBP gene. Analysis of various junction regions using the polymerase chain reaction indicates that the single MBP gene in mldr is derived by recombination from the 5' end of the upstream gene and the 3' end of the downstream gene. Studies on MBP expression in mldr mice indicate that the developmental regulation, level of expression and pattern of post-transcriptional processing of MBP gene products in mldr are similar to wild type. These results indicate that the recombinant MBP gene in mldr is fully functional. From this we infer that the MBP-deficient phenotype of the original mld mutant is attributable to the complex rearrangements in the upstream gene copy which render the locus dysfunctional.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Abdulla, Cheriyeri P., Mohammed A. Alsaafani, Turki M. Alraddadi, and Alaa M. Albarakati. "Mixed layer depth variability in the Red Sea." Ocean Science 14, no. 4 (July 2, 2018): 563–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-14-563-2018.

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Abstract. For the first time, a monthly climatology of mixed layer depth (MLD) in the Red Sea has been derived based on temperature profiles. The general pattern of MLD variability is clearly visible in the Red Sea, with deep MLDs during winter and shallow MLDs during summer. Transitional MLDs have been found during the spring and fall. The northern end of the Red Sea experienced deeper mixing and a higher MLD associated with the winter cooling of the high-saline surface waters. Further, the region north of 19° N experienced deep mixed layers, regardless of the season. Wind stress plays a major role in the MLD variability of the southern Red Sea, while net heat flux and evaporation are the dominating factors in the central and northern Red Sea regions. Ocean eddies and Tokar Gap winds significantly alter the MLD structure in the Red Sea. The dynamics associated with the Tokar Gap winds leads to a difference of more than 20 m in the average MLD between the north and south of the Tokar axis.

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Holte, James, and Lynne Talley. "A New Algorithm for Finding Mixed Layer Depths with Applications to Argo Data and Subantarctic Mode Water Formation*." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 26, no. 9 (September 1, 2009): 1920–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jtecho543.1.

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Abstract A new hybrid method for finding the mixed layer depth (MLD) of individual ocean profiles models the general shape of each profile, searches for physical features in the profile, and calculates threshold and gradient MLDs to assemble a suite of possible MLD values. It then analyzes the patterns in the suite to select a final MLD estimate. The new algorithm is provided in online supplemental materials. Developed using profiles from all oceans, the algorithm is compared to threshold methods that use the C. de Boyer Montégut et al. criteria and to gradient methods using 13 601 Argo profiles from the southeast Pacific and southwest Atlantic Oceans. In general, the threshold methods find deeper MLDs than the new algorithm and the gradient methods produce more anomalous MLDs than the new algorithm. When constrained to using only temperature profiles, the algorithm offers a clear improvement over the temperature threshold and gradient methods; the new temperature algorithm MLDs more closely approximate the density algorithm MLDs than the temperature threshold and gradient MLDs. The algorithm is applied to profiles from a formation region of Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) and Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW). The density algorithm finds that the deepest MLDs in this region routinely reach 500 dbar and occur north of the A. H. Orsi et al. mean Subantarctic Front in the southeastern Pacific Ocean. The deepest MLDs typically occur in August and September and are congruent with the subsurface salinity minimum, a signature of AAIW.

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Grose, John H., Joseph W. Hall, and Madhu B. Dev. "MLD in Children." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 40, no. 4 (August 1997): 955–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4004.955.

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The first aim of this study was to obtain a more detailed picture of the effect of masker bandwidth (20 Hz to 1000 Hz bandwidth) on the masking level difference (MLD) for a 500-Hz signal as a function of listener age. The results of the pure-tone signal experiment showed that the MLDs of older children differed from adults only for the narrowest masker bandwidth. In contrast, children younger than about 7 years of age tended to have smaller MLDs than adults at all but the widest masker bandwidths. These results suggest that the younger the listener, the wider the noise bandwidth must be for MLDs of adult magnitude to be observed. One interpretation of this effect is that younger listeners require relatively great spectral dissimilarity (and, therefore perceptual dissimilarity) between the signal and masker in order to obtain MLDs of adult magnitude. The second aim of this study was to test this possibility by determining the MLD for noise signals in cases where the signal and masker bandwidths were the same. The results of this experiment showed that the MLDs of children were as large as those of adults when the signal/masker bandwidth was 320 Hz, but were smaller than those of adults when the signal/masker bandwidth was 20 Hz. This indicates that the factor limiting the MLD for narrowband noise in children is related more to the masker bandwidth than to the perceptual similarity between the signal and the masker.

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Pichora-Fuller, Margaret Kathleen, and Bruce A. Schneider. "Masking-Level Differences in the Elderly." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 34, no. 6 (December 1991): 1410–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3406.1410.

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Four dichotic thresholds (S π N 0 , S 0 N π , S 0; N τ , and S π N πτ ,) were measured for young and old subjects using both burst and continuous broadband maskers. Masking-level differences (MLDs) were determined by subtracting dichotic thresholds from homophasic thresholds (S 0 N 0 or S π N π ). The S 0 N π thresholds for the old subjects did not differ significantly from those for the young subjects in either the continuous or the burst masking noise conditions. The S π N π thresholds for the old subjects did not differ significantly from those for the young subjects in the continuous masking noise condition, but there was a significant age effect (3 dB) when burst masking noise was used. Both young and old subjects obtained larger MLDs in continuous masking noise than in burst masking noise. MLDs for old subjects were smaller than MLDs for young subjects by 4.3, 5.0, 2.7, and 1.6 dB in burst masking noise and by 4.9, 3.5, 2.5, and 1.4 dB in continuous masking noise, respectively in the S π N 0 , S π N πτ , S 0 N τ , and S 0 N π conditions. For young subjects there was a hierarchy n the size of the MLD obtained in the four dichotic conditions, with the MLD being significantly larger in the S π N 0 and S 0 N πτ , conditions; however, the size of the MLD was the same in all four conditions for the old subjects. Compared to young subjects, the performance of the old subjects was characterized by decreased ability to use homophasic cues In burst masking noise and decreased ability to use interaural difference cues. These findings were observed at four signal frequencies.

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Taylor, Victoria L., Richard W. Titball, and Petra C. F. Oyston. "Oral immunization with a dam mutant of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis protects against plague." Microbiology 151, no. 6 (June 1, 2005): 1919–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.27959-0.

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Inactivation of the gene encoding DNA adenine methylase (dam) has been shown to attenuate some pathogens such as Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and is a lethal mutation in others such as Yersinia pseudotuberculosis strain YPIII. In this study the dam methylase gene in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis strain IP32953 was inactivated. Unlike the wild-type, DNA isolated from the mutant could be digested with MboI, which is consistent with an altered pattern of DNA methylation. The mutant was sensitive to bile salts but not to 2-aminopurine. The effect of dam inactivation on gene expression was examined using a DNA microarray. In BALB/c mice inoculated orally or intravenously with the dam mutant, the median lethal dose (MLD) was at least 106-fold higher than the MLD of the wild-type. BALB/c mice inoculated with the mutant were protected against a subcutaneous challenge with 100 MLDs of Yersinia pestis strain GB and an intravenous challenge with 300 MLDs of Y. pseudotuberculosis IP32953.

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Lewis, Katherine E. "Difference Not Deficit: Reconceptualizing Mathematical Learning Disabilities." Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 45, no. 3 (May 2014): 351–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc.45.3.0351.

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Mathematical learning disability (MLD) research often conflates low achievement with disabilities and focuses exclusively on deficits of students with MLDs. In this study, the author adopts an alternative approach using a response-to-intervention MLD classification model to identify the resources students draw on rather than the skills they lack. Detailed diagnostic analyses of the sessions revealed that the students understood mathematical representations in atypical ways and that this directly contributed to the persistent difficulties they experienced. Implications for screening and remediation approaches are discussed.

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Ariotti, Nicholas, Samantha Murphy, Nicholas A. Hamilton, Lizhen Wu, Kathryn Green, Nicole L. Schieber, Peng Li, Sally Martin, and Robert G. Parton. "Postlipolytic insulin-dependent remodeling of micro lipid droplets in adipocytes." Molecular Biology of the Cell 23, no. 10 (May 15, 2012): 1826–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e11-10-0847.

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Despite the lipolysis–lipogenesis cycle being a fundamental process in adipocyte biology, very little is known about the morphological changes that occur during this process. The remodeling of lipid droplets to form micro lipid droplets (mLDs) is a striking feature of lipolysis in adipocytes, but once lipolysis ceases, the cell must regain its basal morphology. We characterized mLD formation in cultured adipocytes, and in primary adipocytes isolated from mouse epididymal fat pads, in response to acute activation of lipolysis. Using real-time quantitative imaging and electron tomography, we show that formation of mLDs in cultured adipocytes occurs throughout the cell to increase total LD surface area by ∼30% but does not involve detectable fission from large LDs. Peripheral mLDs are monolayered structures with a neutral lipid core and are sites of active lipolysis. Electron tomography reveals preferential association of mLDs with the endoplasmic reticulum. Treatment with insulin and fatty acids results in the reformation of macroLDs and return to the basal state. Insulin-dependent reformation of large LDs involves two distinct processes: microtubule-dependent homotypic fusion of mLDs and expansion of individual mLDs. We identify a physiologically important role for LD fusion that is involved in a reversible lipolytic cycle in adipocytes.

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Hall, Joseph W., and John H. Grose. "The Effect of Otitis Media With Effusion on the Masking-Level Difference and the Auditory Brainstem Response." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 36, no. 1 (February 1993): 210–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3601.210.

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This study investigated the masking-level difference (MLD) and auditory brainstem response (ABR) in a group of children with a history of otitis media with effusion (OME) and a control group of children with no known history of ear disease. All children had normal hearing at the time of testing. The main goal of the study was to determine whether there was an association between a reduced MLD in the OME children and an abnormal ABR (in terms of prolonged absolute or interwave intervals, or interaural differences in the ABR waveforms). The results indicated that the group of children having a history of OME had significantly reduced MLDs and had significantly prolonged waves III and V, and I–III and I–V interwave intervals. The correlations between MLD and delays in absolute wave or interwave intervals were not significant. However, some correlations between interaural asymmetries of the interwave intervals and the MLD were significant. The results suggest that the reduction in MLD found in children having a history of OME may be related to abnormal brainstem processing.

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Rydzik, Matthew, and Ankur R. Desai. "Relationship between Snow Extent and Midlatitude Disturbance Centers." Journal of Climate 27, no. 8 (April 10, 2014): 2971–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00841.1.

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Abstract A relationship between midlatitude cyclone (MLC) tracks and snow-cover extent has been discussed in the literature over the last 50 years but not explicitly analyzed with high-resolution and long-term observations of both. Large-scale modeling studies have hinted that areas near the edge of the snow extent support enhanced baroclinicity because of differences in surface albedo and moisture fluxes. In this study, the relationship between snow-cover extent and midlatitude disturbance (MLD) trajectories is investigated across North America using objectively analyzed midlatitude disturbance trajectories and snow-cover extent from the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) for 1979–2010. MLDs include low-level mesoscale disturbances through midlatitude cyclones. A high-resolution MLD database is developed from sea level pressure minima that are tracked through subsequent 3-h time steps, and a simple algorithm is developed that identified the southern edge of the snow-cover extent. A robust enhanced frequency of MLDs in a region 50–350 km south of the snow-cover extent is found. The region of enhanced MLD frequency coincides with the region of maximum low-level baroclinicity. These observations support hypotheses of an internal feedback in which the snow-cover extent is leading the disturbance tracks through surface heat and moisture fluxes. Further, these results aid in the understanding of how midlatitude disturbance tracks may shift in a changing climate in response to snow-cover trends.

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Wilson, Richard H., Deborah W. Moncrieff, Elizabeth A. Townsend, and Amanda L. Pillion. "Development of a 500-Hz Masking-Level Difference Protocol for Clinic Use." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 14, no. 01 (January 2003): 001–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.14.1.2.

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The purpose of this series of experiments was to develop a simple, 500-Hz masking-level difference (MLD) protocol that could be implemented easily in the clinic to assess auditory perceptual abilities using an audio compact disc. Five, 300-ms tones with 250-ms intertone intervals were embedded in 3-s bursts of 200-800 Hz noise presented at 42.2-dB pressure-spectrum level with 4-5 s inter-stimulus intervals. The homophasic and antiphasic conditions were interleaved with the signal-to-noise ratios decreasing in 2-dB steps. A single-interval, "yes/no" response task was used. Three experiments were performed on 24-28 listeners with normal hearing. The mean SoNo thresholds (58.1- to 59.5-dB SPL) and the mean SπNo thresholds (45.1- to 46.0-dB SPL) produced ˜13-dB MLDs. Experiment 3 included a SoNπ condition that had a mean threshold of 48.8-dB SPL and a 10.0-dB MLD. The mean test, retest ot the SoNo and SπNo thresholds on 15 listeners was <0.5 dB. Over the three experiments, 95% of the listeners had SπNo MLDs that were ≥10 dB.

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Ok, Hyejin, Yign Noh, and Yeonju Choi. "Influence of Pycnocline Smoothing and Subgrid-Scale Variability of Density Profiles on the Determination of Mixed Layer Depth." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 34, no. 9 (September 2017): 2083–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-17-0016.1.

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AbstractThis study investigates how pycnocline smoothing and subgrid-scale variability of density profiles influence the determination of the mixed layer depth (MLD) in the global ocean, and applies the results of analysis to assess the ability of ocean general circulation models (OGCM) to simulate the MLD. For this purpose, individual, monthly mean, and climatological profiles are analyzed over a horizontal resolution of 1° × 1° for both observation data (Argo) and eddy-resolving OGCM (OFES) results. It is found that the MLDs from averaged profiles are generally smaller than those from individual profiles because of pycnocline smoothing induced by the averaging process. A correlation is found between the decrease in MLD Δh and the increase in pycnocline thickness Δδ of averaged profiles, except during winter in the high-latitude ocean. The relation is estimated as Δh = −αΔδ − β, where α ≃ 0.7 in all cases, but β increases with the subgrid-scale variability of density profiles. A correlation is also found between Δh and the standard deviation of the MLD within a grid. The results are applied to estimate how much of the MLD bias of OFES is due to prediction error and how much is due to profile error, induced by different pycnocline smoothing and the subgrid-scale variability of density profiles. The study also shows how profile error varies with the threshold density difference criterion.

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Grose, John H., Elizabeth A. Poth, and Robert W. Peters. "Masking Level Differences for Tones and Speech in Elderly Listeners With Relatively Normal Audiograms." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 37, no. 2 (April 1994): 422–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3702.422.

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This study measured the masking level difference (MLD) for both 500-Hz tone detection and spondee word recognition in two groups of listeners. One group consisted of 9 elderly listeners with normal audiometric sensitivity bilaterally, up to at least 2000 Hz. The other group was a control group of 10 young listeners with normal hearing. The intent was to determine whether the elderly listeners exhibited a reduction in binaural performance that might contribute to the difficulties many such listeners have in understanding speech in noisy situations. By measuring MLDs in elderly listeners in the absence of marked peripheral hearing loss, it was hoped that any observed changes in MLD could be more strongly attributed to central effects. For both tone detection and speech recognition, it was found that the elderly performed more poorly than the young listeners, primarily on the NoSπ condition.

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Joubert, W. R., S. Swart, A. Tagliabue, S. J. Thomalla, and P. M. S. Monteiro. "The sensitivity of primary productivity to intra-seasonal mixed layer variability in the sub-Antarctic Zone of the Atlantic Ocean." Biogeosciences Discussions 11, no. 3 (March 18, 2014): 4335–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-4335-2014.

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Abstract. The seasonal cycle of primary productivity is impacted by seasonal and intra-seasonal dynamics of the mixed layer through the changing balance between mixing and buoyancy forcing, which regulates nutrient supply and light availability. Of particular recent interest is the role of synoptic scale events in supplying nutrients, particularly iron, to the euphotic zone in the Sub Antarctic Zone (SAZ), where phytoplankton blooms occur throughout summer. In this study, we present high resolution measurements of net community production (NCP) constrained by ΔO2/Ar ratios, and mixed layer depth (MLD) in the Atlantic SAZ. We found a non-linear relationship between NCP and MLD, with the highest and most variable NCP observed in shallow MLDs (< 45 m). We propose that NCP variability in the SAZ may be driven by alternating states of synoptic-scale deepening of the mixed layer, leading to the entrainment of iron (dFe), followed by restratification, allowing rapid growth in an iron replete, high light environment. Synoptic iron fluxes into the euphotic zone based on water column dFe profiles and high resolution glider MLD data, reveal a potentially significant contribution of "new iron" which could sustain NCP throughout summer. Future process studies will help elaborate these findings further.

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Wilson, Richard H., and Deborah G. Weakley. "The 500 Hz Masking-Level Difference and Word Recognition in Multitalker Babble for 40- to 89-Year-Old Listeners with Symmetrical Sensorineural Hearing Loss." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 16, no. 06 (June 2005): 367–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.16.6.5.

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The purpose of this study was to determine if performances on a 500 Hz MLD task and a word-recognition task in multitalker babble covaried or varied independently for listeners with normal hearing and for listeners with hearing loss. Young listeners with normal hearing (n = 25) and older listeners (25 per decade from 40–80 years, n = 125) with sensorineural hearing loss were studied. Thresholds at 500 and 1000 Hz were ≤30 dB HL and ≤40 dB HL, respectively, with thresholds above 1000 Hz <100 dB HL. There was no systematic relationship between the 500 Hz MLD and word-recognition performance in multitalker babble. Higher SoNo and SπNo; thresholds were observed for the older listeners, but the MLDs were the same for all groups. Word recognition in babble in terms of signal-to-babble ratio was on average 6.5 (40- to 49-year-old group) to 10.8 dB (80- to 89-year-old group) poorer for the older listeners with hearing loss. Neither pure-tone thresholds nor word-recognition abilities in quiet accurately predicted word-recognition performance in multitalker babble.

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Arsić-Komljenović, Gordana, Lelica Todorović, Hristo Anđelski, and Tanja Ilanković. "Young people and health." Zdravstvena zastita 44, no. 6 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zz1502001a.

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Anđelski-Radičević, Biljana, Nevenka Čomić, Miljana Radovanović, and Predrag Perunović. "AIDS and young people." Zdravstvena zastita 39, no. 6 (2010): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zz1001001a.

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Skoumal, Zdenek, Leos Janacek, Jan Dolezal, and Leos Faltus. "Mladi (1924)." Notes 51, no. 3 (March 1995): 1135. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/899343.

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Milosevits, Péter. "Mladi Stanković." Studia Slavica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 52, no. 1-2 (April 2007): 273–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/sslav.52.2007.1-2.40.

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DuVivier, Alice K., John J. Cassano, Anthony Craig, Joseph Hamman, Wieslaw Maslowski, Bart Nijssen, Robert Osinski, and Andrew Roberts. "Winter Atmospheric Buoyancy Forcing and Oceanic Response during Strong Wind Events around Southeastern Greenland in the Regional Arctic System Model (RASM) for 1990–2010*." Journal of Climate 29, no. 3 (January 28, 2016): 975–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0592.1.

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Abstract Strong, mesoscale tip jets and barrier winds that occur along the southeastern Greenland coast have the potential to impact deep convection in the Irminger Sea. The self-organizing map (SOM) training algorithm was used to identify 12 wind patterns that represent the range of winter [November–March (NDJFM)] wind regimes identified in the fully coupled Regional Arctic System Model (RASM) during 1990–2010. For all wind patterns, the ocean loses buoyancy, primarily through the turbulent sensible and latent heat fluxes; haline contributions to buoyancy change were found to be insignificant compared to the thermal contributions. Patterns with westerly winds at the Cape Farewell area had the largest buoyancy loss over the Irminger and Labrador Seas due to large turbulent fluxes from strong winds and the advection of anomalously cold, dry air over the warmer ocean. Similar to observations, RASM simulated typical ocean mixed layer depths (MLD) of approximately 400 m throughout the Irminger basin, with individual years experiencing MLDs of 800 m or greater. The ocean mixed layer deepens over most of the Irminger Sea following wind events with northerly flow, and the deepening is greater for patterns of longer duration. Seasonal deepest MLD is strongly and positively correlated to the frequency of westerly tip jets with northerly flow.

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Hall, Joseph W., Emily Buss, John H. Grose, and Madhu B. Dev. "Developmental Effects in the Masking-Level Difference." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 47, no. 1 (February 2004): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2004/002).

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Adults and children (aged 5 years 1 month to 10 years 8 months) were tested in a masking-level difference (MLD) paradigm in which detection of brief signals was contrasted for signal placement in masker envelope maxima versus masker envelope minima. Maskers were 50-Hz-wide noise bands centered on 500 Hz, and the signals were So or Sπ 30-ms, 500-Hz tones. In agreement with previous studies, it was found that MLDs were greater for masker envelope minima placement than for masker envelope maxima placement. Across the age range of the children tested here, the binaural advantage associated with the masker envelope minima increased with the age of the child. One interpretation of the present results is that there is a developmental improvement in binaural temporal resolution over the age range tested here.

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Kvastek, Aleksandar. "Media, crime and youth." Crimen 10, no. 2 (2019): 174–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/crimen1902174k.

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Yamamoto, Takanobu, Sawako Yada, Yuji Matsuda, Hirofumi Otani, Shunji Yoshikawa, Taro Sasaoka, Yu Hatano, et al. "A Novel Rotablator Technique (Low-Speed following High-Speed Rotational Atherectomy) Can Achieve Larger Lumen Gain: Evaluation Using Optimal Frequency Domain Imaging." Journal of Interventional Cardiology 2019 (May 20, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9282876.

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Background. While the evaluation of burr speed was discussed regarding platelet aggregation, the association between platform speed and acute lumen gain of rotational atherectomy remains unknown. Methods. Through the evaluation of the potential of low-speed rotational atherectomy (LSRA) in in-vitro experiments, minimum lumen diameter (MLD) and minimum lumen area (MLA) after conventional high-speed rotational atherectomy (HSRA group) and those after LSRA following HSRA (LSRA+HSRA group) treated by 1.5 mm burrs were measured by optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) in 30 consecutive human lesions. Results. The in-vitro experiments demonstrated that MLD and MLA after LSRA+HSRA were significantly larger (MLD: LSRA+HSRA=1.50 ±0.05 mm, HSRA= 1.43 ±0.05 mm, p=0.015; MLA: LSRA+HSRA= 1.90 ±0.17 mm2, HSRA= 1.71±0.11 mm2, and p= 0.037), requiring more crossing attempts (LSRA= 134 ±20 times, HSRA= 72 ±11 times, and p< 0.001). In human studies, there was no significance in reference vessel diameter and lesion length before the procedure between two groups. MLDs after LSRA+HSRA were significantly larger than those in HSRA (LSRA+HSRA= 1.22 ±0.16 mm, HSRA= 1.07 ±0.14 mm, and p= 0.0078), while MLAs after LSRA+HSRA tended to be larger (LSRA+HSRA= 1.79 ±0.51 mm2, HSRA= 1.55 ±0.47 mm2, and p= 0.19). There was no significance in the occurrence of in-hospital complication, including slow flow or no reflow, major dissection, and procedural myocardial infarction, between LSRA+HSRA and HSRA. Conclusions. LSRA can achieve larger lumen gain compared, whereas HSRA can pass calcified lesions easily. Combination of LSRA and HSRA is a safe and feasible strategy for severely calcified lesions in clinical practice.

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Gattei, Valter, Dania Benedetti, Daniela Marconi, Antonella Zucchetto, Michele Dal, Pietro Bulian, Giovanni Del Poeta, et al. "Gene Expression Profiling (GEP) of CD38-Expressing/Unmutated B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (B-CLL) Cells by Using a Statistical Approach Suitable for Analysis of Unbalanced Datasets." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 1, 2006): 2089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.2089.2089.

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Abstract B-CLL is a apparently homogeneous disease with variable clinical courses, which can be foreseen by the presence of mutated (M) or unmutated (UM) IgVH genes and the expression of prognostic markers, including CD38. Since a correlation between high CD38 and UM IgVH gene configuration has been described, we performed GEP to identify the gene signature of CD38+/UM B-CLLs. Purified (>95%) B-CLL cells from 44 cases were utilized for a dual-labeling GEP strategy (Operon Human Genome 2.1 OligoSet; 21,329 70mers) with pooled normal PB B-cells as common reference. 12 B-CLLs were UM (<2% IgVH mutations) and CD38pos (CD38>30% of B-CLL cells), while 32 were M (>2% IgVH mutations) and CD38neg (CD38<10% of B-CLL cells). To discover genes differentially expressed in the two categories and overcome the problem of unbalanced dataset, we applied an original bioinformatic approach called multi-SAM (Significance Analysis of Microarrays). This consists in reiterated applications of SAM analysis comparing the less populated CD38pos/UM class with 1,000 random samplings, each of 12 cases, from the CD38neg/M class. For each single application of SAM, a list of differentially expressed genes (p<10-3) was generated. At the end of 1,000 reiterations, each single gene was labeled with a 0-1,000 list score (LS) based on the times it was selected by multi-SAM as differentially expressed. A significant LS threshold>300 was determined by applying multi-SAM to 1,000 random comparisons of two mock-classes, each of 12 cases, from the same dataset. The final gene list was further shrunk by keeping only the genes with a median-log-difference (MLD) between the two categories exceeding the absolute value of 1; eventually, a list of 132 genes (44 down-regulated and 88 up-regulated in CD38pos/UM cases) was obtained. According to these analyses, CD38pos/UM B-CLLs overexpressed the following gene groups: i) genes related to lipid metabolism: mainly Lipoprotein Lipase (LS=744, MLD=2.05), but also low-density-lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and LDLR-related-protein-5, these latter with a LS>300 but lower (0.7) MLDs. ii) genes related to cell-cell/cell-matrix interactions: CD49d/alpha4 integrin (LS=354, MLD=1.14), a molecule whose expression has already been correlated with CD38 in previous extensive surface antigen expression studies of ours; the C-C chemokines MIP-1alpha (a.k.a. CCL3; LS=660, MLD=1.46) and MIP-1beta (a.k.a. CCL4; LS=334, MLD=1.36); CD72 (low-affinity CD100 ligand; LS=523, MLD=1.06). iii) genes related to vescicle trafficking/cytoskeletron reorganization: septin-7 (LS 386, MLD=1.19) and septin-10 (LS=926, MLD=3.12); the spastic paraplegia-20 protein (a.k.a. spartin, LS=886, MLD=1.84); iii) Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase (AICD; LS=599, MLD=2.07), a gene preliminarly found as overexpressed in UM B-CLLs. Altogether, these genes, besides having clinical value as additional prognosticators, may be implied in several aspects of the functional cross-talk between CD38pos/UM B-CLL and neighbouring cells within the lymph node microenvironment, this interplay eventually affecting survival of tumor cells.

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Olson, C. T., R. G. Menton, R. C. Riser, M. C. Matthews, R. R. Stotts, J. R. Romano, I. Koplovitz, B. E. Hackley, and J. B. Johnson. "Efficacies of Atropine/2-PAM and Atropine/HI-6 in Treating Monkeys Intoxicated with Organophosphonate Nerve Agents." International Journal of Toxicology 16, no. 1 (January 1997): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/109158197227314.

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The efficacies of atropine (ATR)/ 2-PAM and ATRl HI-6 in treating male rhesus monkeys injected with the neurotoxic organophosphonate (OP) agents GA, GB, GD, GF, or VX were compared. Experiments were conducted using no more than 8 monkeys per OP and treatment regimen. Doses were selected using a modified up-and-down experimental design, challenging one monkey per day per OP and treatment. Results were used to approximate the median lethal dose (MLD) for groups of treated monkeys or monkeys given only a vehicle following challenge with an OP. Mortality and signs of intoxication with each treatment were statistically compared. Doses of 2-PAM (25.7 mgl kg) or HI-6 (50 mgl kg) and atropine (0.4 mg free base! kg) were given in a single intramuscular (IM) injection 1 min following challenge with an OP. Strong and well-defined relationships between agent dose and 10-h lethality were observed in untreated animals. The 10-h IM OP MLDs for untreated monkeys were estimated to be 80, 43, 8.0, 22, and 7.4 μg/kg for GA, GB, GD, GF, and VX, respectively. No statistical differences w ere found between AT Rl 2-PAM and AT Rl HI-6 treatment efficacies in preventing lethality for any of the OPs. Both oxime combinations appear to provide protection against a 2 × 10-h MLD of GA, GF, or VX; only

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Kiru, Elisheba W., Christian T. Doabler, Audrey M. Sorrells, and North A. Cooc. "A Synthesis of Technology-Mediated Mathematics Interventions for Students With or at Risk for Mathematics Learning Disabilities." Journal of Special Education Technology 33, no. 2 (December 11, 2017): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0162643417745835.

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With the increasing availability of technology and the emphasis on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education, there is an urgent need to understand the impact of technology-mediated mathematics (TMM) interventions on student mathematics outcomes. The purpose of this study was to review studies on TMM interventions that target the mathematical outcomes of K–12 students with or at risk for mathematics learning disabilities (MLDs). A review of the literature revealed 19 studies (9 single-case and 10 group/quasi experimental designs) published between 2000 and 2016. Results suggest that TMM interventions had mainly positive results on the mathematics outcomes of students with or at risk for MLD. This study also examined the extent to which principles of explicit instruction were integrated in TMM interventions. While many of the interventions provided frequent practice opportunities with academic feedback, few complemented such practice opportunities with overt demonstrations and explanations of mathematical content. Implications for designing TMM interventions are discussed.

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Somavilla Cabrillo, Raquel, Cesar González-Pola, Manuel Ruiz-Villarreal, and Alicia Lavín Montero. "Mixed layer depth (MLD) variability in the southern Bay of Biscay. Deepening of winter MLDs concurrent with generalized upper water warming trends?" Ocean Dynamics 61, no. 9 (May 20, 2011): 1215–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10236-011-0407-6.

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Gou, Guo Jing, Qin Yu Pei, Hui Qing Yao, Yue Sun, Jian Hong Yang, and Rui Wang. "Preparation and Characterization of the Magnetic Layered Double Hydroxide - DNA Delivery System." Materials Science Forum 914 (February 2018): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.914.3.

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The purpose of this paper is to prepare and evaluate a gene delivery system resulted from the intercalation of DNA with magnetic layered double hydroxide (MLDH). The structure and property of the MLDH/DNA hybrids were studied using XRD, FTIR and TG characterization. The cytotoxicity and protection effect of MLDH were evaluated by MTT assay and gel electrophoresis assay. MLDH exhibited lower cytotoxicity than other inorganic nanoparticles. Under physiological conditions, MLDH could protect DNA from enzymatic degradation. Our results confirmed that MLDH can be used safely and effectively as non-viral vectors for gene targeting therapy in form of MLDH/DNA composite.

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Mrgole, Albert. "Mladi v izobraževanju odraslih." Andragoška spoznanja 3, no. 3-4 (January 1, 1997): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/as.3.3-4.42-51.

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Povečano vključevanje mladih v andragoške izobraževalne programe je v zadnjih letih opozorilo na problematiko prehajanja med rednim izobraževalnim sistemom in trgom delovne sile, pri katerem velik delež mladih ostane v položaju družbene marginaliziranosti in brezperspektivne izolacije. Mladi so v izobraževanju odraslih posebna ciljna skupina, zato moramo za načrtovanje izobraževalnih programov poznati njihove specifične značilnosti. Prispevek na ravni prikaza razpoložljivih statističnih podatkov in njihovih paradoksov vpeljuje kategorijo mladih v izobraževanju odraslih kot učinek sistemskih dejavnikov in utemeljuje problematiko v registru, ki za poglobljeno razumevanje narekuje sociološko in antropološko usmerjen analitični pristop. Kot prvi učinek ne le pedagoškega po gleda je v drugem delu članka prikazana analiza ideologije določanja izobraževalnih potreb in njenih nevarnih konsekvenc v izhodiščnem načrtovanju izobraževalnih programov. Kot posledica temeljitejšega premisleka o dejavnikih mladinskega šolskega osipa in upoštevaje izkušnje eksperimentalnega izobraževalnega programa za mlade so v sklepnem delu prikazani temeljni elementi, ki bi jih morali načrtovalci andragoških izobraževalnih programov za mlade vključiti v načrtovanje učinkovitega kurikuluma.

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Saravanan, S. E., R. Karthi, K. Sathish, K. Kokila, R. Sabarinathan, and K. Sekar. "MLDB: macromolecule ligand database." Journal of Applied Crystallography 43, no. 1 (December 9, 2009): 200–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889809048626.

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MLDB (macromolecule ligand database) is a knowledgebase containing ligands co-crystallized with the three-dimensional structures available in the Protein Data Bank. The proposed knowledgebase serves as an open resource for the analysis and visualization of all ligands and their interactions with macromolecular structures. MLDB can be used to search ligands, and their interactions can be visualized both in text and graphical formats. MLDB will be updated at regular intervals (weekly) with automated Perl scripts. The knowledgebase is intended to serve the scientific community working in the areas of molecular and structural biology. It is available free to users around the clock and can be accessed at http://dicsoft2.physics.iisc.ernet.in/mldb/.

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Tinti, S., and A. Manucci. "A new computational method based on the minimum lithostatic deviation (MLD) principle to analyse slope stability in the frame of the 2-D limit-equilibrium theory." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 8, no. 4 (July 16, 2008): 671–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-8-671-2008.

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Abstract. The stability of a slope is studied by applying the principle of the minimum lithostatic deviation (MLD) to the limit-equilibrium method, that was introduced in a previous paper (Tinti and Manucci, 2006; hereafter quoted as TM2006). The principle states that the factor of safety F of a slope is the value that minimises the lithostatic deviation, that is defined as the ratio of the average inter-slice force to the average weight of the slice. In this paper we continue the work of TM2006 and propose a new computational method to solve the problem. The basic equations of equilibrium for a 2-D vertical cross section of the mass are deduced and then discretised, which results in cutting the cross section into vertical slices. The unknowns of the problem are functions (or vectors in the discrete system) associated with the internal forces acting on the slice, namely the horizontal force E and the vertical force X, with the internal torque A and with the pressure on the bottom surface of the slide P. All traditional limit-equilibrium methods make very constraining assumptions on the shape of X with the goal to find only one solution. In the light of the MLD, the strategy is wrong since it can be said that they find only one point in the searching space, which could provide a bad approximation to the MLD. The computational method we propose in the paper transforms the problem into a set of linear algebraic equations, that are in the form of a block matrix acting on a block vector, a form that is quite suitable to introduce constraints on the shape of X, but also alternatively on the shape of E or on the shape of X. We test the new formulation by applying it to the same cases treated in TM2006 where X was expanded in a three-term sine series. Further, we make different assumptions by taking a three-term cosine expansion corrected by the local weight for X, or for E or for A, and find the corresponding MLDs. In the illustrative applications given in this paper, we find that the safety factors associated with the MLD resulting from our computations may differ by some percent from the ones computed with the traditional limit-equilibrium methods.

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Noh, Yign, Hyejin Ok, Eunjeong Lee, Takahiro Toyoda, and Naoki Hirose. "Parameterization of Langmuir Circulation in the Ocean Mixed Layer Model Using LES and Its Application to the OGCM." Journal of Physical Oceanography 46, no. 1 (January 2016): 57–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-14-0137.1.

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AbstractThe effect of Langmuir circulation (LC) on vertical mixing is parameterized in the ocean mixed layer model (OMLM), based on the analysis of large-eddy simulation (LES) results. Parameterization of LC effects is carried out in terms of the modifications of the mixing length scale as well as the inclusion of the contribution from the Stokes force in momentum and TKE equations. The performance of the new OMLM is examined by comparing with LES results, together with sensitivity tests for empirical constants used in the parameterization. The new OMLM is then applied to the ocean general circulation model (OGCM) Meteorological Research Institute Community Ocean Model (MRI.COM), and its effect is investigated. The new OMLM helps to correct too shallow mixed layer depths (MLDs) in the high-latitude ocean, which has been a common error in most OGCMs, without making the thermocline in the tropical ocean more diffused. The parameterization of LC effects is found to affect mainly the high-latitude ocean, in which the MLD is shallow in summer and stratification is weak in winter.

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Cao, Ju Qin, Li E. Dong, Feng Yuan Zhang, and Guo Jing Gou. "Preparation and Characterization of the Magnetic Layered Double Hydroxide Fluorescence Composite." Advanced Materials Research 873 (December 2013): 748–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.873.748.

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A fluorescence composite of magnetic layered double hydroxide (MLDH) and fluorescein (FLU) was synthesized by ion change reaction. The crystal structure and properties of the intercalated compound MLDH-FLU were investigated through XRD, IR, TEM and TG-DSC characterization. Results show that fluorescein is suited for intercalation assembly with MLDH, producing MLDH-FLU composite which could be used as a fluorescence probe to test the cell-transmission efficiency of MLDH delivery system.

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Craig, W. Y., S. E. Poulin, C. P. Nelson, and R. F. Ritchie. "ELISA of IgG antibody to oxidized low-density lipoprotein: effects of blocking buffer and method of data expression." Clinical Chemistry 40, no. 6 (June 1, 1994): 882–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/40.6.882.

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Abstract We describe an ELISA for serum IgG antibodies against malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein (mLDL). Optimal antigen concentration, serum dilution, and dilution of enzyme-conjugated second antibody were 25 mg/L, 1:250, and 1:5000, respectively, when 5 g/L human serum albumin was used for blocking. When data were expressed as mLDL/LDL (the ratio of IgG binding to mLDL vs LDL), within-run and between-run CVs were 7.0% and 8.9%, respectively. Antibody concentrations expressed as mLDL/LDL or as mLDL-LDL (the difference between IgG binding to mLDL and to LDL) were higher in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (n = 20) than in controls (n = 20) (P < 0.001). With bovine serum albumin or Superblock blocking buffers, only the mLDL-LDL data were significant. Thus, the choice of blocking agent and the method of data expression should be carefully considered when assaying IgG antibodies against mLDL.

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Tamsitt, Veronica, Ivana Cerovečki, Simon A. Josey, Sarah T. Gille, and Eric Schulz. "Mooring Observations of Air–Sea Heat Fluxes in Two Subantarctic Mode Water Formation Regions." Journal of Climate 33, no. 7 (April 1, 2020): 2757–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0653.1.

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AbstractWintertime surface ocean heat loss is the key process driving the formation of Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW), but there are few direct observations of heat fluxes, particularly during winter. The Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) Southern Ocean mooring in the southeast Pacific Ocean and the Southern Ocean Flux Station (SOFS) in the southeast Indian Ocean provide the first concurrent, multiyear time series of air–sea fluxes in the Southern Ocean from two key SAMW formation regions. In this work we compare drivers of wintertime heat loss and SAMW formation by comparing air–sea fluxes and mixed layers at these two mooring locations. A gridded Argo product and the ERA5 reanalysis product provide temporal and spatial context for the mooring observations. Turbulent ocean heat loss is on average 1.5 times larger in the southeast Indian (SOFS) than in the southeast Pacific (OOI), with stronger extreme heat flux events in the southeast Indian leading to larger cumulative winter ocean heat loss. Turbulent heat loss events in the southeast Indian (SOFS) occur in two atmospheric regimes (cold air from the south or dry air circulating via the north), while heat loss events in the southeast Pacific (OOI) occur in a single atmospheric regime (cold air from the south). On interannual time scales, wintertime anomalies in net heat flux and mixed layer depth (MLD) are often correlated at the two sites, particularly when wintertime MLDs are anomalously deep. This relationship is part of a larger basin-scale zonal dipole in heat flux and MLD anomalies present in both the Indian and Pacific basins, associated with anomalous meridional atmospheric circulation.

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Kozak, C. A., P. G. Strauss, and P. N. Tsichlis. "Genetic mapping of a cellular DNA region involved in induction of thymic lymphomas (Mlvi-1) to mouse chromosome 15." Molecular and Cellular Biology 5, no. 4 (April 1985): 894–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.5.4.894.

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Mlvi-1 defines a genetic locus representing a common domain for proviral DNA integration in Moloney murine leukemia virus-induced rat thymic lymphomas. Cellular sequences homologous to Mlvi-1 are present in mouse DNA, and we have used hamster-mouse somatic cell hybrids to chromosomally map Mlvi-1 in the mouse genome. Results demonstrated that Mlvi-1 maps to mouse chromosome 15 and that it is distinct from the Mlvi-2 integration region and from the cellular oncogenes c-myc and c-sis, which also map to this chromosome. Therefore, Mlvi-1 may contain novel sequences involved in the establishment and maintenance of virus-induced murine tumors, many of which contain abnormalities of chromosome 15.

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Kozak, C. A., P. G. Strauss, and P. N. Tsichlis. "Genetic mapping of a cellular DNA region involved in induction of thymic lymphomas (Mlvi-1) to mouse chromosome 15." Molecular and Cellular Biology 5, no. 4 (April 1985): 894–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.5.4.894-897.1985.

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Mlvi-1 defines a genetic locus representing a common domain for proviral DNA integration in Moloney murine leukemia virus-induced rat thymic lymphomas. Cellular sequences homologous to Mlvi-1 are present in mouse DNA, and we have used hamster-mouse somatic cell hybrids to chromosomally map Mlvi-1 in the mouse genome. Results demonstrated that Mlvi-1 maps to mouse chromosome 15 and that it is distinct from the Mlvi-2 integration region and from the cellular oncogenes c-myc and c-sis, which also map to this chromosome. Therefore, Mlvi-1 may contain novel sequences involved in the establishment and maintenance of virus-induced murine tumors, many of which contain abnormalities of chromosome 15.

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Smolčić, Ivona. "MEMORY TYPES AND IDENTITY IN THE DINKO ŠIMUNOVIĆ'S NOVEL MLADI DANI." PHILOLOGICAL STUDIES 17, no. 2 (2019): 82–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/1857-6060-2019-17-2-82-95.

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Felitti, Karina, and Andrea Rizzotti. "El “machismo latinoamericano” y sus derivas en la educación internacional: reflexiones de estudiantes estadounidenses en Buenos Aires." Magis. Revista Internacional de Investigación en Educación 9, no. 18 (December 15, 2016): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.m9-18.mlde.

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<p>Este artículo analiza las representaciones y experiencias de jóvenes estadounidenses participantes de un programa de educación internacional en Buenos Aires, en relación con los modelos, representaciones y relaciones de género y de sexualidad que observan y viven en la cultura local argentina. Con una metodología cualitativa, entre 2012 y 2014, se recogieron testimonios escritos y orales de 50 estudiantes, varones y mujeres, sobre temas como los piropos/acoso callejero, el machismo latinoamericano, el amamantamiento en público, los ideales corporales, cuestiones que permitieron reflexionar sobre estereotipos culturales en los que confluyen el género, la etnicidad, la clase y la nacionalidad.</p>

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Wang, Hai, Lei Dai, Yingfeng Cai, Long Chen, and Yong Zhang. "Saliency Detection by Multilevel Deep Pyramid Model." Journal of Sensors 2018 (August 14, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8249180.

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Traditional salient object detection models are divided into several classes based on low-level features and contrast between pixels. In this paper, we propose a model based on a multilevel deep pyramid (MLDP), which involves fusing multiple features on different levels. Firstly, the MLDP uses the original image as the input for a VGG16 model to extract high-level features and form an initial saliency map. Next, the MLDP further extracts high-level features to form a saliency map based on a deep pyramid. Then, the MLDP obtains the salient map fused with superpixels by extracting low-level features. After that, the MLDP applies background noise filtering to the saliency map fused with superpixels in order to filter out the interference of background noise and form a saliency map based on the foreground. Lastly, the MLDP combines the saliency map fused with the superpixels with the saliency map based on the foreground, which results in the final saliency map. The MLDP is not limited to low-level features while it fuses multiple features and achieves good results when extracting salient targets. As can be seen in our experiment section, the MLDP is better than the other 7 state-of-the-art models across three different public saliency datasets. Therefore, the MLDP has superiority and wide applicability in extraction of salient targets.

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Skyllas, Nomikos, Richard Bintanja, Anita G. J. Buma, Corina P. D. Brussaard, Matthias Gröger, Jenny Hieronymus, and Willem H. van de Poll. "Validation of Stratification-Driven Phytoplankton Biomass and Nutrient Concentrations in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean as Simulated by EC-Earth." Geosciences 9, no. 10 (October 21, 2019): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9100450.

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We validated simulations of the Earth system model (ESM) EC-Earth-NEMO of present-day temperature, salinity, nutrient, and chlorophyll a profiles with in situ observations in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean (29–63º N). Simulations with standard parametrization (run 1) and improved parametrization of vertical mixing (run 2) were compared. Run 1 showed shallower mixed layer depths (MLDs) in spring as compared to observations owing to lower salinities in the upper 200 m of the subpolar North Atlantic (>55º N). This coincided with a mismatch with observed timing and magnitude of the phytoplankton spring bloom. In contrast, the model performed well south of 55º N. Run 2 showed improved springtime MLD, phytoplankton dynamics, and nutrient distributions in the subpolar North Atlantic. Our study underlines the sensitivity of subpolar North Atlantic phytoplankton blooms to surface freshening, suggesting that future fresh-water inflow from Arctic and Greenland Ice sheet melting could significantly affect phytoplankton productivity. These findings contribute to the generic validation of the EC-Earth ESM and underline the need for rigorous validation of physics-biology links, in particular the sub polar North Atlantic where complex seasonal stratification/vertical mixing processes govern upper ocean phytoplankton productivity.

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Moutin, T., and L. Prieur. "Influence of anticyclonic eddies on the Biogeochemistry from the Oligotrophic to the Ultraoligotrophic Mediterranean (BOUM cruise)." Biogeosciences 9, no. 10 (October 8, 2012): 3827–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-3827-2012.

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Abstract. We studied a longitudinal transect in the Mediterranean Sea (MS) and along this transect, the influence of anticyclonic eddies at three long duration (LD) stations. The deep chlorophyll maximum depth, the euphotic layer depth and the top of the nitracline depth are clearly correlated outside of the eddies, and deepen from the oligotrophic western to the ultraoligotrophic eastern MS. We provide evidence that the locations of the three LD stations studied were near the axis of the eddies. Their diameters were close to 100 km and the studied areas were less than 10 km from the centre of the eddies. The positions of the LD stations are marked by an increase in the flux function and a decrease in apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) and in excess density σ), as expected for anticyclonic eddies. Integrated mean primary production measured in situ inside the three studied eddies confirms the previous conclusion that integrated primary production (IPP) about 150 mgC m−2 d−1 may appear as a lower limit for IPP during strong oligotrophic conditions. The mesoscale activity is strong enough to locally modify the very well-documented western-to-eastern gradient of trophic conditions in the MS. We proposed a new calculation for mixed layer depths (MLDs) enabling the determination of MLD to take into consideration processes occurring with time scales ranging from a few hours to several days, and also the winter MLD. Studying the main physical, chemical and dynamical characteristics of the three eddies enables us to consider that the vorticity barrier prevents any strong mixing and advection of outer water inside the eddy and explains why the depth range of eddies starts from the surface. As a first approximation, the anticyclonic eddies could be considered as closed systems dating back to the previous winter, making possible to draw first-order budgets. The daily new N-input in the photic zone is virtually identical to the N-export measured at 230 m by drifting traps. This means that the eddies are close to an equilibrium state where input is equal to loss. The annual N-input by winter convection, which is a fundamental criterion for new nutrient availability, may be extremely variable inside eddies, with W-MLD varying from 90.5 m at the western station to 396.5 m at the eastern station. W-MLDs are always deeper inside the eddies than outside where they are in keeping with climatological averages. AOU was low inside the eddies; this together with the near-identical export measured at 230 and 460 m seems to indicate that eddy cores are areas where low mineralisation of particulate organic matter occurs. "In" and "out" AOU comparisons indicate lower mineralisation inside the eddies suggesting a higher efficiency for CO2 sequestration via sedimentation of particulate organic matter. The three eddies are enriched in dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Sequestration of CO2 by vertical export of accumulated DOC therefore seems to be higher inside eddies. The relative importance of DOC transport in the biological pump is probably one of the main characteristics of low-P low chlorophyll (LPLC) areas, and it is likely to be reinforced inside anticyclonic eddies. The numerous anticyclonic eddies in the MS are likely to influence the water masses and their dispersion, and therefore have a strong impact on the biogeochemical properties at the scale of the MS.

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Benítez-Arciniega, Alejandra A., Michelle A. Mendez, Jose M. Baena-Díez, Maria-Asunción Rovira Martori, Cristina Soler, Jaume Marrugat, Maria-Isabel Covas, Hector Sanz, Alba Llopis, and Helmut Schröder. "Concurrent and construct validity of Mediterranean diet scores as assessed by an FFQ." Public Health Nutrition 14, no. 11 (July 11, 2011): 2015–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980011001212.

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AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to assess the concurrent and construct validity of two diet-quality indices, a modified Mediterranean diet score (mMDS) and a Mediterranean-like diet score (MLDS) additionally incorporating unhealthy food choices, as determined by an FFQ.DesignA validation study assessing FFQ intake estimates compared with ten or more unannounced 24 h recalls. Pearson's correlation coefficients, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), Bland–Altman plots and the limits of agreement method were used to assess the between-method agreement of scores. Construct validity was shown using associations between nutrient intakes derived from multiple 24 h recalls and the mMDS and MLDS derived from the FFQ.SettingGerona, Spain.SubjectsA total of 107 consecutively selected participants from a population-based cross-sectional survey.ResultsPearson's correlations for the energy-adjusted mMDS and MLDS compared with multiple recalls were 0·48 and 0·62, respectively. The average FFQ energy-adjusted mMDS and MLDS were 102 % and 98 % of the recall-based mMDS and MLDS estimates, respectively. The FFQ under- and overestimated dietary recall estimates of the energy-adjusted MLDS by 28 % and 25 %, respectively, with slightly wider boundaries for the mMDS (31 % and 34 %). The ICC, which assesses absolute agreement, was similar to Pearson's correlations (mMDS = 0·48 and MLDS = 0·61). The mean differences between methods were similar across the range of average ratings for both scores, indicating the absence of bias. The FFQ-derived mMDS and MLDS correlated in the anticipated directions with intakes of eleven (73·3 %) and thirteen of fifteen nutrients (86·7 %), respectively.ConclusionsThe FFQ provides valid estimates of diet quality as assessed by the mMDS and MLDS.

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Šestak, Nikita, and Milica Vlajić. "Young delinquent: Inquiry into several aspects of identity construction in mass media." Crimen 11, no. 1 (2020): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/crimen2001068s.

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Sun, Yue, Guo Jing Gou, and Li E. Dong. "Intracellular Trafficking Characteristics for Magnetic Layered Double Hydroxide/DNA Hybrids to Human Gastric Cancer Cells." Applied Mechanics and Materials 320 (May 2013): 529–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.320.529.

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We report here the intracellular trafficking characteristics of a gene delivery system composed by magnetic layered double hydroxide/DNA (MLDH/DNA) hybrids to human gastric cancer cells (SGC-7901). Perls Staining of MLDH/DNA was done to examine the intracellular iron uptake and accumulation; confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were evaluated the cellular internalization feature of the MLDH/DNA system. We have indicated that the MLDH/DNA hybrids are able to enter into the nucleus within 2 h of incubation, displaying a prospect for application in targeted gene delivery.

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Drapkina, O. M., and В. B. Gegenava. "MODIFIED LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROT EINS IN DI ABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2." Clinician 12, no. 1 (July 18, 2018): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/1818-8338-2018-12-1-29-35.

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Objective:to compare the level of modified low-density lipoproteins (mLDL) in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) and without DM2; to identify the factors affecting mLDL сontent.Materials and methods.The study involved 64 patients; they were divided into 2 groups. The main group included 32 patients with DM2 (15 men and 17 women, median age – 65 years), the control group 2 included 32 patients without DM2 (15 men and 17 women, median age – 60.5 years). All patients (100 %) had arterial hypertension. Both groups were generally comparable in the main clinical and laboratory characteristics. Mann–Whitney test, Spearman correlation coefficient were used for statistical data processing.Results. In patients with DM2 mLDL level was significantly higher (р <0.001) and correlated with blood glucose concentration (p = 0.021), glycated hemoglobin values (p <0.001) and body-weight index (p = 0.007). In patients without DM2 mLDL level correlated with bodyweight index (p <0.001). No correlation between mLDL level and standard LDL content was found in patients with DM2 and in patients without DM2 (p = 0.714 and p = 0.758 respectively).Conclusion.DM2 is significantly associated with an increased mLDL level that is affected by parameters of carbohydrate metabolism and body-weight index. In persons without hyperlipidemia mLDL level increases in case of hyperglycemia.

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Al-Obeidallah, Mohammed Ghazi, Miltos Petridis, and Stelios Kapetanakis. "A Multiple Phases Approach for Design Patterns Recovery Based on Structural and Method Signature Features." International Journal of Software Innovation 6, no. 3 (July 2018): 36–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsi.2018070103.

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Design patterns describe both structure, behavior of classes and their relationships. They can improve software documentation, speed up the development process and enable large-scale reuse of software architectures. This article presents a multiple levels detection approach (MLDA) to recover design pattern instances from Java source code. MLDA is able to recover design pattern instances based on a generated class level representation of a subject system. Specifically, MLDA presents what is the so-called Structural Search Model (SSM) which incrementally builds the structure of each design pattern based on the generated source code model. Moreover, MLDA uses a rule-based approach to match the method signatures of the candidate design instances to that of the subject system. As the experiment results illustrate, MLDA is able to recover 23 design patterns with reasonable detection accuracy.

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Buss, Emily, Joseph W. Hall, and John H. Grose. "Developmental MLD effects." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 113, no. 4 (April 2003): 2207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4808826.

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ZAHRAWI, FAISSAL. "Microlumbar Discectomy (MLD)." Spine 13, no. 3 (March 1988): 358–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007632-198803000-00024.

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Journal articles on the topic 'MLDI'

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