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Journal articles on the topic 'MLM'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Ibrahim, Ramla Fayiq, and D. S. Abid. "Synthesis of Modern Amides Thiazolidine Derived From L-Cysteine and Investigation of Their Biological Effects on Cancer Cells." Journal of Kufa for Chemical Sciences 4, no. 1 (2024): 238–55. https://doi.org/10.36329/jkcm/2024/v4.i1.14690.

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The study included the preparation and characterization of new compounds called thiazolidine-4-carboximaide in three main steps. In the first step, compound (R) was reacted from the reaction of cysteine with different aromatic aldehydes. Then the compound (R)was reacted with acetic anhydride to prepare the compound (RA). The compound (RA) was reacted with the aromatic amine (phenyl hydrazine) and DCC,HOBT to obtain different amides-4-thiazolidine compounds. All compounds were diagnostic using organic description techniques, FT-IR,magnetic resonance spectroscopy, 1HNMR, and 13CNMR, mass spect

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Altyar, Ahmed E., Ans Munir, Saiqa Ishtiaq, et al. "Malva parviflora Leaves and Fruits Mucilage as Natural Sources of Anti-Inflammatory, Antitussive and Gastro-Protective Agents: A Comparative Study Using Rat Models and Gas Chromatography." Pharmaceuticals 15, no. 4 (2022): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15040427.

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Malva parviflora L., Little mallow, has been traditionally used as an alternative food source. It acts as a medicinal herb containing a potential source of mucilage thus herein; we aimed to assess the toxicity, anti-inflammatory, antitussive and gastro-protective actions of M. parviflora mucilage extracted from its leaves (MLM) and fruit (MFM). Toxicity studies were investigated by in vitro hemolytic assay whereas acute anti-inflammatory and antitussive activities were assessed by carrageenan-induced paw edema and sulphur dioxide induced cough model in rats, respectively. Gastro-protective eff

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Khanal, Ramesh, Radhesh Shrestha, Pawan Chhetri, and Bharat Pradhan. "Seismicity parameters of Nepal by cumulative slope point change method." Journal of Engineering Issues and Solutions 2, no. 1 (2023): 138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joeis.v2i1.49450.

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Nepal is one of the most seismically active countries with several seismic sources that are capable of generating moderate to high magnitude earthquakes. In this study, earthquake catalogue was developed by considering six major source zones. The completeness time period was determined by performing sensitivity analysis for various magnitude bin widths and time intervals. The seismicity parameters were computed by the least square method (LSM) and maximum likelihood method (MLM). LSM was based on Gutenberg Richter’s scale relationship, whereas for the maximum likelihood method, it was performe

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Olajide, R., and A. W. Garus-Alaka. "Performance, carcass, organs, haematology and serum biochemical indices of rabbits fed graded levels of mulberry leaf meal in replacement of soybean meal." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 45, no. 4 (2020): 166–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v45i4.563.

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This study examined the nutritional value of Mulberry leaf meal (MLM) as substitute for soybean meal (SBM) at graded levels. Forty cross-bred young rabbits of mixed sexes used for the study were purchased from a reputable farm in Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria. The animals were balanced for the initial weight and randomly allocated to five experimental dietary treatments of 8 rabbits per treatment. There were 4 replicates of 2 rabbits per replicate. The rabbits were provided with pelletized experimental diets and clean water ad libitum for 2 weeks pre-experimental period and thereafter for 8 week

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Singh, Ashok Kumar, Lovely Kumari, Kavita Dhariyal, et al. "Design, Synthesis, Theoretical, Spectroscopic and Molecular Docking Studies of Ruthenium and Zinc Complexes and their Antimycobacterial Study." Asian Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 10 (2022): 2611–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2022.23867.

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The six mononuclear complexes of ruthenium and zinc viz. [Ru(bpy)2(HL1)]Cl (ML1), [Ru(bpy)2(HL2)]Cl (ML2), [Ru(bpy)2(HL3)]Cl (ML3), [ZnCl(H2O)HL1]Cl (ML4), [ZnCl(H2O)HL2]Cl (ML5), [ZnCl(H2O)HL3]Cl (ML6); bpy = 2,2′-bipyridyl, HL = substituted thiosemicarbazone: HL1 = Cl, HL2 = OCH3, HL3 = OCH2Ph) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H and 13C NMR, UV-Vis and ESI-MS spectroscopy techniques. The gas phase geometries of all the complexes have been optimized by density functional theory (DFT). The antimycobacterial activity of all the compounds was performed initially at

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Abidin, Ratnasari Fajariya Abidin, and Sri Wahyuni. "PENJUALAN LANGSUNG BERJENJANG KONVENSIONAL DAN SYARI’AH: ANTARA REGULASI, IMPLEMENTASI DAN EVALUASINYA DI INDONESIA." Indonesian Journal of Shariah and Justice 4, no. 2 (2024): 277–306. https://doi.org/10.46339/ijsj.v4i2.145.

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Penjualan langsung berjenjang (PLB) atau umumnya dikenal dengan multi level marketing (MLM) merupakan salah satu bentuk pemasaran perdagangan modern yang banyak dipraktikan di Indonesia. Maraknya kasus penipuan berbasis PLB/MLM kerap kali disebabkan oleh minimnya pemahaman masyarakat terhadap esensi PLB/MLM dan implementasinya yang legal di Indonesia. Dalam konteks Islam, melalui Fatwa No. 75/DSN-MUI/VII/2009 PLB Syari’ah, legitimasi beberapa perusahaan berbasis PLB/MLM telah diberikan oleh DSN MUI melalui sertifikasi syariah dan implementasinya dievaluasi secara berkala. Realitas perkembangan

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Andriati, Retno. "MANIPULATIVE COOPERATION POLITICS OF MLM COMPANIES IN SURABAYA CITY." Jurnal Humaniora 27, no. 2 (2016): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jh.v27i2.8714.

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Many studies on multi-level marketing business from law, management, marketing economic and anthropology perspectives have been focused on its legality which is victims of MLM companies/fake MLM companies. Studies on market phenomenon and entrepreneurship of MLM large industry fromeconomy anthropology perspective are still rare especially in Indonesia. The study is intended to identify the underlying cooperation policy as well as manipulative conduct of MLM business in Surabaya.The study employs qualitative and ethnographic approaches. Qualitative data wereanalyzed using ethnographic approache

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Abidin, Achmad Zainal, and Ratna Sari. "DISMANTLING THE MULTI-LEVEL MARKETING SCHEME OF HERBAL MEDICINES: BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL REGULATIONS AND SHARIA PRINCIPLES." International Journal of Nuh: Law, Policy, and Human Behavior 1, no. 1 (2024): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.63005/2psk0c84.

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The practice of Multi-Level Marketing (MLM) of herbal medicines is increasingly rife in Indonesia and there is the potential for fraud that often occurs in this practice. This study aims to dismantle the MLM scheme of herbal medicine from the point of view of conventional regulation and sharia principles. The methodology used includes literature study, legal analysis, and interviews with experts. The results revealed that there is an herbal medicine MLM scheme that violates conventional regulations and sharia principles. The conclusion of this study is the importance of strict supervision of h

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Hidayati, Tri, Masyithah Umar, Fathurrahman Azhari, and Mujiburohman Abul Abas. "THE LEGAL CONSTRUCTION OF LICENSING AND SUPERVISION OF SHARIA MULTILEVEL MARKETING IN INDONESIAN TRADE LAW." JURISDICTIE 13, no. 2 (2023): 237–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/j.v13i2.17989.

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Trade law in Indonesia has not accommodated Sharia Multilevel Marketing (Sharia MLM). The legitimacy of the Sharia status and supervision by the the National Sharia Council of the Indonesian Ulema Council (DSN MUI) does not have legal implications for the legality of the Sharia MLM company business entity. This article aims to explain the urgency of Sharia MLM regulation in trade law and provide input on the legal construction of licensing and supervision of Sharia MLM to maximize the achievement of trade law in Indonesia. This normative legal research uses statutory and conceptual approaches

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Jefferies, Richard, Ibrahim H. N. Sheriff, Jacob H. Matthews, et al. "Leadership and management in UK medical school curricula." Journal of Health Organization and Management 30, no. 7 (2016): 1081–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhom-03-2016-0042.

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Purpose Although medical leadership and management (MLM) is increasingly being recognised as important to improving healthcare outcomes, little is understood about current training of medical students in MLM skills and behaviours in the UK. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This qualitative study used validated structured interviews with expert faculty members from medical schools across the UK to ascertain MLM framework integration, teaching methods employed, evaluation methods and barriers to improvement. Findings Data were collected from 25 of the 33 UK med

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Wulandari, Dini, and Amelia Putri. "Teori Portofolio Dan Investasi Mlm Konvensional Dan Mlm Syariah." Tamwil: Jurnal Manajemen Keuangan 1, no. 1 (2024): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.70283/tamwil.v1i1.10.

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Tujuan dari penulisan jurnal ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan MLM Konvensional dan MLM Syari’ah serta apa saja jenisnya dan seperti apa contohnya. Adapun penelitian yang digunakan bersifat deskriptif hanya menggambarkan secara umum mengenai suatu topik. Hingga penelitian dilakukan, dikemukakan bahwa MLM (Multi Level Marketing) atau dapat disebut juga sebagai pendistribusian bertingkat adalah suatu taktik distribusi yang dimana pekerja yang memasarkan produk mendapatkan kompensasi bukan hanya dari perdagangan yang mereka hasilkan saja, namun mereka juga bisa mendapatkan penghasilan dari te

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Rane, Maria A., Marsianus Perunggu, and Catootjie L. Nalle. "Evaluation of Nutrient Composition of Moringa Leaf Meal from Different Location in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia." JURNAL ILMIAH PETERNAKAN TERPADU 9, no. 2 (2021): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jipt.v9i2.p231-245.

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The objective of the present study was to evaluate the nutrient composition of Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MLM) from different location in East Nusa Tenggara Province (ENT). A total of 27 samples of MLM were obtained from Sikka, Timor Tengah Utara and Kupang Regency. The experiment was designed using a block randomized design with three treatments and three replications (three samples per replication). The results showed that location significantly (P<0.05 – 0.001) affected the dry matter (DM), crude lipid (CL)), crude fiber (CF), ash, phosphor (P), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), threonine,

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Afif, Mufti, and Richa Angkita Mulyawisdawati. "Tinjauan Analitik dan Kritik: Konsep dan Praktik Multi Level Marketing (MLM) Syari’ah di Indonesia." Cakrawala: Jurnal Studi Islam 13, no. 2 (2018): 134–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/cakrawala.v13i2.2330.

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To obtain an expected benefit and avoid the business risk, effective and efficient management is needed. In general, Multi Level Marketing (MLM) system in Indonesia is still considered quite role in driving the economy. Even though in some cases, this MLM system is often used as a cover for Money Game businesses that deify passive income. So that, the conversations about it often reap the pros and cons of some business people. MUI itself issued DSN fatwa No. 75/DSN/MUI/VII/2009 concerning sharia MLM. It means that MUI issues a fatwa to allow the MLM system if required the terms and conditions.

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Padilla, Guillermo, María Elena Cartea, and Amando Ordás. "Comparison of Several Clustering Methods in Grouping Kale Landraces." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 132, no. 3 (2007): 387–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.132.3.387.

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Four clustering methods were compared for classification of a collection of 148 kale landraces (Brassica oleracea L. acephala group) from northwestern Spain based on morphologic characters: the unweighted pair group method using arithmetic averages (UPGMA) and the Ward method, hierarchical cluster algorithms, and the modified location model (MLM) applied to both the UPGMA and the Ward method (UPGMA-MLM and Ward-MLM, respectively). Comparisons were based on five criteria and on subjective considerations about the structure of each method and the characteristics of the material evaluated. Althou

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Jauhari, Muhammad Sofwan, and Iqbal Subhan Nugraha. "Analisis Hukum Islam Terhadap Praktik Bisnis Multi Level Marketing." Tasyri' : Journal of Islamic Law 4, no. 1 (2025): 253–88. https://doi.org/10.53038/tsyr.v4i1.222.

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This study examines the perspectives of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) and Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) regarding Multi-Level Marketing (MLM) practices, focusing on the alignment with Islamic principles. MLM has gained popularity as a business model, but its compatibility with Islamic law has been debated, particularly concerning practices such as recruitment-based commissions and the potential for exploitation. This research uses a qualitative approach, analyzing fatwas and official statements from MUI and NU, as well as examining Islamic legal frameworks to assess the permissibility of MLM. The

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Rahmah, Lailatur, Wawan Juandi, and Muhammad Shaleh. "Bisnis Multi Level Marketing dalam Tinjauan Fatwa DSN MUI No: 75/DSN-MUI/VII/2009 (Studi Kasus Pada Member MLM 4Jovem di Situbondo)." Istidlal: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Hukum Islam 1, no. 2 (2017): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.35316/istidlal.v1i2.102.

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One of form economic that develop in this modern era is MLM (Multi Level Marketing) business. One of MLM business that can interest Situbondo society is 4Jovem MLM. This business promise exciting rewads like money, HP, car, umroh, and others. Requirements about Islamic MLM contained in DSN MUI No. 75/DSN-MUI/VII/2009 as one of reference in determining the halal haram of MLM. This research have purpose to present practice 4Jovem MLM business completely and it’s analysis based on Fatwa MUI until the society can take a stand about this 4Jovem MLM. Based on analysis presented, it be concluded that

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Abegunde, V. S., Z. O. Azeez, P. O. Olawale, et al. "Carcass characteristics and meat quality of growing rabbits fed mango (Mangifera indica) leaf meal as a replacement for wheat offal." ADAN Journal of Agriculture 6, no. 1 (2025): 252. https://doi.org/10.36108/adanja/5202.60.0152.

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The increasing demand for animal protein due topopulationgrowthhas created a pressing need to explore non-conventional feed resources as a sustainable wayto protein shortages.Hence, an 8 week trial was conducted to evaluate the potential of mango (Mangifera indica) leaf meal (MLM) as a replacement for wheat offalin the diets of growing rabbits. A total of 18unsexed, mixed breed rabbits (New Zealand white x Chinchilla), aged between 6-8 weeks with average live weight of 600-800 gwere used for this study.These animals were randomly allotted into three dietary treatments;0, 5, and 10% MLM replace

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Lai, Chih-Pin, Wanpeng Zhang, and Yu-Liang Chang. "Differentiated instruction enhances sixth-grade students' mathematics self-efficacy, learning motives, and problem-solving skills." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 48, no. 6 (2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.9094.

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We examined the effectiveness of a differentiated instruction intervention in promoting 6th grade students' mathematics self-efficacy (MSE), mathematics learning motives (MLM), and mathematical problem-solving skills (MPSS). The relationships among MSE, MLM, and MPSS were also assessed. We employed a longitudinal approach with a pretest and posttest design with 25 students, and used 3 instruments for quantitative data collection. Findings showed that the application of the differentiated instruction learning environment was significantly beneficial in advancing the students' MSE, MLM, and MPSS

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MORALES-MARTÍNEZ, Darwin M., Natalia ATUESTA-DIMIAN, Daniela MARTÍNEZ-MEDINA, Diego R. GUTIÉRREZ-SANABRIA, and Miguel E. RODRÍGUEZ-POSADA. "Completeness of rapid assessments of medium and large mammal diversity in the northwestern Amazon in Colombia." Acta Amazonica 51, no. 3 (2021): 224–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392202100741.

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ABSTRACT Rapid assessments are the most common information source on biodiversity in the northwestern Amazon in Colombia due to limited resources and logistic constraints. These assessments are essential for decision-making on environmental policies in this region, that has been strongly impacted by the transformation of its natural ecosystems. Several local camera-trapping rapid assessments of medium and large-sized mammals (MLM) have been conducted in the Colombian Amazon, but they are difficult to compare. We analyzed information of 16 of these rapid assessments of MLM to provide the first

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Oloruntola, Olugbenga David, Simeon Olugbenga Ayodele, Idowu Samuel Omoniyi, Samuel Adebowale Adeyeye, and Moyosore Joseph Adegbeye. "The effect of dietary supplementation of mucuna leaf meal on the growth performance, blood parameters, and carcass quality of broiler." Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences 44 (May 10, 2022): e55362. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.55362.

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Three hundred 1-day old broiler chickens were used to assess the effects of Mucuna leaf meal (MLM) dietary supplementation on the performance, haemato-biochemical indices, oxidative status and meat of broiler chickens. Five experimental supplemented diets were formulated: diets: 1 (0% supplement), 2 (1.1 % OXYT), 3 (0.5% MLM), 4 (1.0 % MLM) and 5 (1.5% MLM). The final weight gain of the birds fed diets 2 and 5 was higher (p < 0.05) than those birds fed the control and other diets. The relative weights of the lung were affected (p < 0.05) by dietary supplementation. Serum cholesterol conc

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Nurjannah, Mukhtar Lutfi, Nasrullah Bin Sapa, Muhammad Afief Mubayyin, and Herianti. "TELAAH KOMPARATIF BISNIS MULTI LEVEL MARKETING KONVENSIONAL DAN MULTI LEVEL MARKETING SYARIAH." Mu'amalat: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Ekonomi Syariah 14, no. 2 (2022): 177–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/mu.v14i2.5990.

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Multi-Level Marketing Business is a business method that is growing rapidly in today's society. However, regarding the permissibility of this business, there are still different understandings between the parties. Likewise regarding the difference between conventional MLM and Islamic MLM. This article aims to examine more deeply the differences between Sharia MLM and Conventional MLM and explore contemporary fiqh views regarding this business. The method used is descriptive qualitative using secondary data obtained from literature related to the discussion.Multi Level Marketing is also commonl

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Warzecha, Alina. "SPECIFIC MARKETING RELATIONSHIP IN MULTILEVEL MARKETING." sj-economics scientific journal 10 (December 30, 2012): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.58246/sjeconomics.v10i.449.

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The article presents the essence of relationship marketing topics in the modern enterprise. In addition, author presents a brief characterization of MLM companies operating in a market economy. Into this article the author presents the role of leadership of MLM in the company and never discussed so far unpublished stages of development of the relations between the leading MLM company and its structure. It has been presented the customer of MLM life cycle.

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Kumar, Ashok, and Akshay Kumar Satsangi. "Factors Responsible for Joining MLM Business and Relation of Mode of Association with Networker’s Satisfaction." International Research Journal of Business Studies 14, no. 1 (2021): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21632/irjbs.14.1.49-57.

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This study focuses on identifying factors responsible for joining Multi-Level Marketing (MLM) business by the networkers and analysis of satisfaction level of networkers with respect to the mode of association with MLM business. A quantitative methodology with a survey technique was used on 305 selected networkers who operate their MLM business from Kanpur city. Factors responsible for encouraging people to join the MLM business as a networker are explored by the factor analytical approach. An independent T-test was employed to test the proposed hypothesis. This study found that earn income fo

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Purcaru, Ioana-Mădălina, Ana-Maria Urdea, Cristinel Petrişor Constantin, and Gabriel Brătucu. "Building Long-Term Business Sustainability: The Influence of Experiential Marketing on Sales Representatives’ Loyalty to Multi-Level Marketing Systems." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (2022): 9507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159507.

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Monitoring the satisfaction of sales representatives is a major challenge in business based on multi-level marketing systems (MLM), as a high level of satisfaction could determine the sales representatives’ loyalty and subsequent business growth. The purposes of this study are (i) to measure the sales representatives’ satisfaction with various experiences they face within the MLM system, (ii) to identify the main satisfaction factors that synthetically illustrate the sales representatives’ experiences with the MLM system, and (iii) to determine the influence of satisfaction factors with MLM ex

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W. Keep, William, and Peter J. Vander Nat. "Multilevel marketing and pyramid schemes in the United States." Journal of Historical Research in Marketing 6, no. 2 (2014): 188–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhrm-01-2014-0002.

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Purpose – This paper aims to analyze the evolution of direct selling – a retail channel that successfully sold products ranging from cosmetics to radios to automobiles – to multilevel marketing (MLM), an industry now apparently heavily reliant on selling to itself. As the courts have found some MLM companies to be pyramid schemes, the analysis includes the overlap between the legal MLM model and an illegal pyramid scheme. Design/methodology/approach – The development of direct selling in the USA was examined, followed by the factors contributing to the design and growth of the MLM model and it

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Nasution, Herry Syahbannuddin, and Andri Soemitra. "MULTI LEVEL MARKETING SHARIA." Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah, Akuntansi dan Perbankan (JESKaPe) 6, no. 1 (2022): 150–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.52490/jeskape.v6i1.499.

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Sharia MLM Business is dependent business on standard sharia. Study this use method study literature study and approach descriptive qualitative that is content analysis of papers from the Google Scholar database. Selected paper in this review originated from search on the Google Scholar database with the keywords "multi level marketing" MLM and Islam or Sharia and fiqh and fiqh period 2015 to 2022. Search process use help Publish or Perish application. On Step first writer to do search for papers in the Google Scholar database with the keyword “multilevel marketing” found 211 matching papers w

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Puspitasari, Ni Made, and Komang Rahayu Indrawati. "Pengaruh Dimensi Locus Of Control terhadap Prestasi Kerja Remaja yang Bekerja di Multi-Level Marketing (MLM) di Bali." Jurnal Psikologi Udayana 5, no. 2 (2018): 496. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jpu.2018.v05.i02.p18.

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Perusahaan multi-level marketing dewasa ini berkembang sangat pesat. Perusahaan MLM kini tidak hanya menjaring orang dewasa sebagai anggotanya, tetapi juga menjaring remaja yang ingin mulai mengenal dunia kerja. Salah satu hal yang memengaruhi prestasi kerja di perusahaan MLM adalah locus of control. Locus of control merupakan keyaninan seseorang terhadap penyebab peristiwa-peristiwa yang terjadi di hidupnya. Locus of control berperan dalam menentukan prestasi kerja anggota MLM. Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan prestasi kerja anggota MLM adalah dengan meningkatkan locus of control dalam diri

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Ghofur, Abdul, and Sulistyowati. "Strategi Repositioning Bisnis Multi-Level Marketing Syariah dalam Menghilangkan Stigma Praktik Money Game." Al-Musthofa: Journal of Sharia Economics 7, no. 2 (2024): 104–16. https://doi.org/10.58518/al-musthofa.v7i2.3065.

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The purpose of this study is to analyze the differences between multi-level marketing (MLM) businesses and money games. This analysis is considered necessary due to the negative stigma in society that equates the MLM system with money games. The study also analyzes how MLM businesses can reposition themselves to eliminate this negative stigma. This research uses the Library Research method, which involves utilizing existing materials or data sources such as books, articles, scientific journals, reports, archives, and other documents available in libraries or other literature sources. The diffe

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Mudawamah, Dewi, and Sulistyowati. "Urgensi Marketing Public Relations (MPR) dalam Membangun Brand Awareness di Era Digital." Al-Musthofa: Journal of Sharia Economics 7, no. 2 (2024): 117–25. https://doi.org/10.58518/al-musthofa.v7i2.3132.

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The purpose of this study is to analyze the differences between multi-level marketing (MLM) businesses and money games. This analysis is considered necessary due to the negative stigma in society that equates the MLM system with money games. The study also analyzes how MLM businesses can reposition themselves to eliminate this negative stigma. This research uses the Library Research method, which involves utilizing existing materials or data sources such as books, articles, scientific journals, reports, archives, and other documents available in libraries or other literature sources. The diffe

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Rahman, Abd, Sukandi Sukandi, and Nahei Nahei. "MULTI LEVEL MARKETING DALAM ISLAM (ANTARA KEHALALAN DAN ETIKA BERTRANSAKSI BERDASARKAN FATWA MUI No. 75/DSN-MUI/VII/2009)." Al-Hukmi : Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi Syariah dan Keluarga Islam 5, no. 1 (2024): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.35316/alhukmi.v5i1.5421.

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Multi Level Marketing (MLM) is a marketing innovation that often generates controversy. Some scholars declare that this system is permissible according to Sharia, while others highlight financial risks and ethical concerns in transactions, such as honesty, justice, and prudence. This study aims to analyze MLM practices in the context of Islamic economic law and transaction ethics, intending to provide a balanced perspective on the permissibility and ethical implications of MLM in Islam. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach with a literature study. Data are collected from sch

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Sobaih, Abu Elnasr E., Sally Ghannam, and Meqbel M. Aliedan. "Examining the Challenges and Opportunities of Multi-Level Marketing for Resort Hotels: A Delphi Study." April 2021, Volume 10(2) (April 30, 2021): 759–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720-131.

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Environmental changes push hotels to seek additional and innovative channels to market their products/services while maintaining a high occupancy rate and revenues with lower marketing costs. Building on network theory, this research investigates the extent to which multi-level marketing (MLM) can be adopted as an appropriate and innovative marketing channel for resort hotels. A Delphi study was undertaken with hotel and MLM experts to explore their perceptions about the opportunities and challenges of MLM for resort hotels. The results showed that MLM could appropriately be developed as an in

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Fujiyanti, Fadila, Detya Wiryany, and Wawan Darmawan. "Strategi Komunikasi Bisnis dalam Sistem Perekrutan Prospek Multi-Level Marketing Tiens di Kota Cimahi." ArtComm : Jurnal Komunikasi dan Desain 7, no. 1 (2024): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37278/artcomm.v7i1.825.

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Penelitian ini berfokus pada bisnis penjualan Multi-level Marketing (MLM) Tiens Syariah di Cimahi, yang mendapatkan sertifikasi halal dari BPOM di 100 negara dan dipertahankan oleh Dewan Syariah Majelis Ulama Indonesia (DSN-MUI). Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi pelaksanaan, masalah perekrutan, dan strategi komunikasi dalam bisnis MLM ini, serta mempertimbangkan perspektif etika bisnis Islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif karena informasi yang diperoleh dari wawancara ditulis dan digunakan untuk menjelaskan suatu fenomena atau masalah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi pe

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CUFADAR, Yusuf, Gülşah KANBUR, Rabia GÖÇMEN, and Abdulqader Adnan Quader AL-BAYATI. "Feeding the Laying Quails with Mealworm Larvae Meal and Alterations in Egg Quality and Yolk Fatty Acid Profile." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Food Science and Technology 78, no. 2 (2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-fst:2021.0011.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels of mealworm (Tenebrio Molitor) larvae meal in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) diets on performance, egg quality, yolk color, and yolk fatty acid composition. A total of forty-eight, 14 weeks-old laying quails were used with 4 replicates in control (basal diet), mealworm larvae meal (MLM) 2% or 4 % treatment groups. Results showed that independently of inclusion level dietary MLM did not affect performance and egg quality parameters. However, color values (L*, a*, b*) of egg yolk changed with the inclusion

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Widyastuti, Tri, Bisri Bisri, and Suhardi Suhardi. "PERILAKU ASERTIF DALAM MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI KERJA KONSULTAN MULTI LEVEL MARKETING." CERMIN: Jurnal Penelitian 4, no. 1 (2020): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.36841/cermin_unars.v4i1.546.

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Perilaku asertif mendorong individu untuk berperilaku terpuji dalam berinteraksi dengan individu lainnya. Perilaku tegas, jujur dan saling menghargai dapat meningkatkan sikap toleransi dan terbuka dalam penyampaian informasi. Perilaku ini menciptakan suasana yang harmonis dan nyaman sehingga dapat memacu peningkatan prestasi kinerja konsultan Multi Level Marketing (MLM). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan populasi penelitian sebanyak 125 orang konsultan MLM. Data diambil berdasarkan kuesioner mengenai perilaku assertiveness dan prestasi kerja konsultan MLM. Berdasa

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Latifah, Umi, Yusuf Baihaqi, and Jayusman Jayusman. "ANALISIS KEPUTUSAN MUSYAWARAH NASIONAL LEMBAGA BAHTSUL MASAIL NAHDLATUL ULAMA TAHUN 2019 TENTANG HUKUM BISNIS MULTI LEVEL MARKETING." ASAS 13, no. 2 (2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/asas.v13i2.11276.

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Kegiatan ekonomi dalam pandangan Islam merupakan tuntutan kehidupan. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup yang beragam, manusia tidak mungkin sendirian, ia harus bekerjasama dengan orang lain, antara individu dengan individu lain atau antara produsen dengan konsumen. Salah satu bentuk kerjasama yang dikembangkan dewasa ini adalah sistem penjualan langsung berjenjang atau sering disebut Multi Level Marketing (MLM). Meskipun bisnis MLM berkembang cukup baik di Indonesia, namun tidak sedikit juga kejadian yang menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat dirugikan bahkan ditipu dengan bisnis MLM ini. Berbagai penafsir

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Afolabi, ASANI, LUKMAN Salihu, SANI Salaudreen, OJO Stephen, and OKE Adesola. "Poisson probability distribution analysis of Makurdi and Abeokuta rainfalls." Fundamental and Applied Agriculture 7, no. 4 (2022): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/faa.129095.

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Early information for sustainable utilization of water resources through poisson probability distribution of rainfall is an important regulatory measure for flood control and water security management. As a follow-up to our previous studies on distributions, this paper reports statistical goodness-of-fit evaluations of selected rainfall data. It is the utilization of the maximum likelihood method (MLM) for the poisson probability distribution (PPD)of selected rainfall data. The numerically estimated constant of the density of PPD was estimated by the MLM, and Microsoft Excel Solver (MES). Thes

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Prawiroharjo, Pukovisa, Mohammad Baharuddin, and Yadi Permana. "Dokter Aktif di Multi Level Marketing (MLM) dengan Produk yang Mengklaim Manfaat Kesehatan atau Penyembuhan, Bolehkah?" Jurnal Etika Kedokteran Indonesia 2, no. 2 (2018): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.26880/jeki.v2i2.14.

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Bisnis multi level marketing (MLM) telah merambah ke sektor kesehatan dan menjadikan dokter sebagai agen potensial dalam pemasaran produk. Selain sebagai figur yang dipercaya oleh masyarakat, otoritas penuh yang dimiliki dokter dalam meresepkan obat mempermudah dokter untuk menjalani bisnis MLM. Dokter jelas memiliki konflik kepentingan pada produk MLM yang memiliki klaim kesehatan dan kecantikan. Mengeksploitasi kepercayaan pasien untuk kepentingan pribadi merupakan hal yang bertentangan dengan nilai-nilai etika kedokteran. Sebagian besar produk kesehatan yang ditawarkan mengklaim manfaat yan

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Hong, Kyeongmin, Minjae Choe, Seoyeon Kim, Hye-Min Lee, Byung-Joo Kim, and Sungjune Park. "An Ultrastretchable Electrical Switch Fiber with a Magnetic Liquid Metal Core for Remote Magnetic Actuation." Polymers 13, no. 15 (2021): 2407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13152407.

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In this work we describe a soft and ultrastretchable fiber with a magnetic liquid metal (MLM) core for electrical switches used in remote magnetic actuation. MLM was prepared by removing the oxide layer on the liquid metal and subsequent mixing with magnetic iron particles. We used SEBS (poly[styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene]) and silicone to prepare stretchable elastic fibers. Once hollow elastic fibers form, MLM was injected into the core of the fiber at ambient pressure. The fibers are soft (Young’s modulus of 1.6~4.4 MPa) and ultrastretchable (elongation at break of 600~5000%) wh

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Reingewertz, Yaniv. "An economic model of multi-level marketing." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (2021): e0253700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253700.

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This paper offers an economic model of the operation of multi-level marketing (MLM) firms in competitive and non-competitive markets. The model takes a recursive approach to analyse decision making at the distributor level in order to understand basic issues in the MLM market and firm structure. Specifically, it is shown that under reasonable assumptions MLM firms will have a limited structure. In cases where commissions increase with the number of levels, MLM firms will include no more than six to nine levels in equilibrium. In cases of fixed commissions, market conditions dictate a cap on th

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Duan, Jialiang, Minhao Li, Zhifeng Wu, and Zhengwei Zhang. "Total venous nature of retinal deep capillary plexus inferred by continuity of prominent middle limiting membrane sign in optical coherence tomography." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (2021): e0257698. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257698.

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This study aimed to theoretically identify the vascular nature of the deep capillary plexus (DCP) by examining patients presenting with both paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) and prominent middle limiting membrane (p-MLM) sign and p-MLM sign alone in spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). A retrospective review of the medical records of patients with retinal vein or artery occlusion from two tertiary medical centers was performed. Consecutive patients with a clinical diagnosis of all categories of retinal artery occlusion (RAO) and retinal vein occlusion (RVO) (branch

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Xu, Miaomiao, Ariffin Abdul Mutalib, and Hammuzamer Irwan Hamzah. "The Landscape of Research on Mobile Learning Material: Coherent Taxonomy, Motivation, Challenges and Recommendations." PaperASIA 41, no. 1b (2025): 195–208. https://doi.org/10.59953/paperasia.v41i1b.394.

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The primary objective of this study is to establish a systematic research framework for Mobile Learning Material (MLM) to address the existing fragmentation and lack of categorization in the current body of knowledge. In contrast to previous studies that predominantly focused on isolated applications of MLM, this study conducts a comprehensive review of the existing literature, classifying MLM research into multiple categories and proposing a clear taxonomy. This holistic and systematic approach fills a critical gap in the current research landscape and provides educators and policymakers with

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Mahdalena, Vina, Lusia Handayani, and Uljanatunnisa Uljanatunnisa. "Adoption of Persuasion Communication of Young Mothers in Multi-Level Marketing (MLM) Business Development." Society 11, no. 2 (2023): 458–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/society.v11i2.369.

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Business competition has given birth to a network marketing system or what is commonly referred to as Network Marketing. The utilization used in Network Marketing, or what we currently know as MLM (Multi-Level Marketing), uses a network system where interpersonal communication is required both between MLM members and communication between members, customers, and prospective consultants. The interpersonal communication of consultants determines MLM business. How do they apply persuasive communication to persuade consumers or other consultants to join their network? This research uses a case stu

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Masrahati, Masrahati, and Muh. Fajrul. "Pandangan Ekonomi Syariah terhadap Bisnis Multi Level Marketing (MLM) pada PT K-Link Indonesia Cabang Makassar." Dirasat Islamiah: Jurnal Kajian Keislaman 1, no. 2 (2020): 127–38. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4588161.

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Maraknya bisnis <em>Multi Level Marketing</em> (MLM) membuat ahli ekonomi dan bisnis Islam berbeda pendapat dalam menentukan hukum sistem bisnis tersebut. Berdasarkan hal ini maka artikel ini akan membahas mengenai pandangan ekonomi syariah terhadap sistem bisnis MLM pada PT K-Link Indonesia Cabang Makassar. Motode penelitian ini adalah kualitatif. Data wawancara, dokumentasi dan observasi lapangan mengenai sistem bisnis MLM pada PT K-Link Indonesia Cabang Makassar kemudian dikonfrontir dengan teori ekonomi syariah sehingga dapat ditetapkan hukum syar’i mengenai bisnis tersebut. Ditemuka

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Ardiansyah, Andri, Sri Hidayanti, Andika, Ridho Agni Hafid, and Junita Ahira Putri. "Bisnis Multi Level Marketing (MLM) dalam Perspektif Fiqih Muamalah." Jurnal Indragiri Penelitian Multidisiplin 4, no. 3 (2024): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.58707/jipm.v4i3.966.

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This research emphasizes the importance of examining the Multi Level Marketing (MLM) business model from the perspective of Islamic law, especially fiqh muamalah. The research found that the structure and operational mechanisms of MLM often trigger injustice, and uncertainty, as well as potential violations of sharia principles such as gharar, riba, and maysir. In Islamic teachings, the principles of fairness, transparency and certainty are things that must be maintained in every economic transaction. This study reveals that many MLM models tend to focus more on recruiting new members rather t

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Selamet, Thamrin, Tirta Nugraha Mursitama, Asnan Furinto, and Pantri Heriyati. "Analysis of Digital Adoption Capability and Perceived Product Advantage on Network Externalities and Sustainable Business Growth on MLM in Indonesia." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS 20 (February 2, 2023): 388–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23207.2023.20.36.

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The problems of the MLM industry in Indonesia include: MLM companies do not have strategic flexibility and sensitivity to dynamic markets. This study will determine the effect of Training and Development, Compensation and Reward System, Digital Adoption Capability and perceived Product Advantage on Network Externalities and Sustainable Business Growth. The method used in this study is a quantitative research method. The process of collecting data using a questionnaire is carried out once in a certain time span without repetition, namely one shoot cross-sectional, so that a total sample of 319

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Linja, Joakim, Joonas Hämäläinen, Paavo Nieminen, and Tommi Kärkkäinen. "Do Randomized Algorithms Improve the Efficiency of Minimal Learning Machine?" Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction 2, no. 4 (2020): 533–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/make2040029.

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Minimal Learning Machine (MLM) is a recently popularized supervised learning method, which is composed of distance-regression and multilateration steps. The computational complexity of MLM is dominated by the solution of an ordinary least-squares problem. Several different solvers can be applied to the resulting linear problem. In this paper, a thorough comparison of possible and recently proposed, especially randomized, algorithms is carried out for this problem with a representative set of regression datasets. In addition, we compare MLM with shallow and deep feedforward neural network model

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Veturi, Yogasudha, Kristen Kump, Ellie Walsh, et al. "Multivariate Mixed Linear Model Analysis of Longitudinal Data: An Information-Rich Statistical Technique for Analyzing Plant Disease Resistance." Phytopathology® 102, no. 11 (2012): 1016–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-10-11-0268.

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The mixed linear model (MLM) is an advanced statistical technique applicable to many fields of science. The multivariate MLM can be used to model longitudinal data, such as repeated ratings of disease resistance taken across time. In this study, using an example data set from a multi-environment trial of northern leaf blight disease on 290 maize lines with diverse levels of resistance, multivariate MLM analysis was performed and its utility was examined. In the population and environments tested, genotypic effects were highly correlated across disease ratings and followed an autoregressive pat

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DeLiema, Marguerite, Stacie Bosley, and Doug Shadel. "Multi-Level Marketing as “Gig” Work: Worker Motivations, Characteristics, and Outcomes in the U.S." Journal of Labor and Society 25, no. 1 (2021): 83–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24714607-bja10029.

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Abstract Multi-level marketing (mlm) firms offer recruits the opportunity to earn compensation through starting their own direct selling business and often characterize mlm work as part of the “gig” economy. mlm promotes flexibility, autonomy, and income potential but data suggest that most participants fail to make money. Decisions are made under uncertainty as there is asymmetric information on potential outcomes and their respective likelihood. We use the first nationally representative survey (N = 1016) to understand the motivations for participating in mlm “gigs,” the social and financial

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Reise, Steven P., and Naihua Duan. "Multilevel Modeling and its Application in Counseling Psychology Research." Counseling Psychologist 27, no. 4 (1999): 528–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000099274003.

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Multilevel modeling (MLM) should be used when a researcher has collected hierarchical data. For example, when a researcher investigates an outcome variable (e.g., depression) with several clients drawn from different clinicians, the data set has a hierarchical structure. Herein, we describe the use of MLM in counseling research. The goals include the following: (a) to specify research contexts where MLM may be applied, (b) to describe how to conduct data analyses using MLM, and (c) to highlight key statistical and design issues encountered when analyzing hierarchical data. We also highlight ho

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Utama, Qabul Dinanta, Azis Boing Sitanggang, Dede Robiatul Adawiyah, and Purwiyatno Hariyadi. "Lipase-Catalyzed Interesterification for the Synthesis of Medium-Long-Medium (MLM) Structured Lipids." Food technology and biotechnology 57, no. 3 (2019): 305–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17113/ftb.57.03.19.6025.

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Medium-long-medium (MLM) structured lipids typically contain medium-chain fatty acids (C6-C12) at sn-1,3 and long-chain fatty acids (C14-C24) at sn-2 positions. They have reduced calories and are suitable for the control of obesity, lipid malabsorption and other metabolic disorders. This review focuses on the synthesis of MLM lipids by the enzymatic interesterification. It gives detailed description of biocatalysts, substrates, reactors and synthesis methods, and discusses the use of MLM lipids in food products. The information provided in this review can be considered as the current state-of-

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