Academic literature on the topic 'MLR correction'
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Journal articles on the topic "MLR correction"
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Wang, Wen-Cheng Vincent, Shih-Chun Candice Lung, and Chun-Hu Liu. "Application of Machine Learning for the in-Field Correction of a PM2.5 Low-Cost Sensor Network." Sensors 20, no. 17 (September 3, 2020): 5002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20175002.
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Many low-cost sensors (LCSs) are distributed for air monitoring without any rigorous calibrations. This work applies machine learning with PM2.5 from Taiwan monitoring stations to conduct in-field corrections on a network of 39 PM2.5 LCSs from July 2017 to December 2018. Three candidate models were evaluated: Multiple linear regression (MLR), support vector regression (SVR), and random forest regression (RFR). The model-corrected PM2.5 levels were compared with those of GRIMM-calibrated PM2.5. RFR was superior to MLR and SVR in its correction accuracy and computing efficiency. Compared to SVR, the root mean square errors (RMSEs) of RFR were 35% and 85% lower for the training and validation sets, respectively, and the computational speed was 35 times faster. An RFR with 300 decision trees was chosen as the optimal setting considering both the correction performance and the modeling time. An RFR with a nighttime pattern was established as the optimal correction model, and the RMSEs were 5.9 ± 2.0 μg/m3, reduced from 18.4 ± 6.5 μg/m3 before correction. This is the first work to correct LCSs at locations without monitoring stations, validated using laboratory-calibrated data. Similar models could be established in other countries to greatly enhance the usefulness of their PM2.5 sensor networks.
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van Walraven, Carl. "Improved Correction of Misclassification Bias With Bootstrap Imputation." Medical Care 56, no. 7 (July 2018): e39-e45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mlr.0000000000000787.
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Bohn, Theodore J., Mergia Y. Sonessa, and Dennis P. Lettenmaier. "Seasonal Hydrologic Forecasting: Do Multimodel Ensemble Averages Always Yield Improvements in Forecast Skill?" Journal of Hydrometeorology 11, no. 6 (December 1, 2010): 1358–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jhm1267.1.
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Abstract Multimodel techniques have proven useful in improving forecast skill in many applications, including hydrology. Seasonal hydrologic forecasting in large basins represents a special case of hydrologic modeling, in which postprocessing techniques such as temporal aggregation and time-varying bias correction are often employed to improve forecast skill. To investigate the effects that these techniques have on the performance of multimodel averaging, the performance of three hydrological models [Variable Infiltration Capacity, Sacramento/Snow-17, and the Noah land surface model] and two multimodel averages [simple model average (SMA) and multiple linear regression (MLR) with monthly varying model weights] are examined in three snowmelt-dominated basins in the western United States. These evaluations were performed for both simulating and forecasting [using the Ensemble Streamflow Prediction (ESP) method] monthly discharge, with and without monthly bias corrections. The single best bias-corrected model outperformed the multimodel averages of raw models in both retrospective simulations and ensemble mean forecasts in terms of RMSE. Forming an MLR multimodel average from bias-corrected models added only slight improvements over the best bias-corrected model. Differences in performance among all bias-corrected models and multimodel averages were small. For ESP forecasts, both bias correction and multimodel averaging generally reduced the RMSE of the ESP ensemble means at lead times of up to 6 months in months when flow is dominated by snowmelt, with the reduction increasing as lead time decreased. The primary reason for this is that aggregating simulated streamflows from daily to monthly time scales increases model cross correlation, which in turn reduces the effectiveness of multimodel averaging in reducing those components of model error that bias correction cannot address. This effect may be stronger in snowmelt-dominated basins because the interannual variability of winter precipitation is a common input to all models. It was also found that both bias correcting and multimodel averaging using monthly varying parameters yielded much greater error reductions than methods using time-invariant parameters.
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Catasus, Miguel, Wayne Branagh, and Eric D. Salin. "Improved Calibration for Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry Using Generalized Regression Neural Networks." Applied Spectroscopy 49, no. 6 (June 1995): 798–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702953964444.
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Artificial neural networks have been recently used in different fields of science in applications ranging from pattern recognition to semi-quantitative analysis. In this work, two types of neural networks were applied to the problems of spectral interferences, matrix effects, and the measurement drift in ICP-AES. Their performance was compared to that of the more conventional technique of multiple linear regressions (MLR). The two types of neural networks examined were “traditional” multilayer perceptron neural networks and generalized regression neural networks (GRNNs). The GRNN is comparable to, or better than, MLR for modeling spectral interferences and matrix effects covering several orders of magnitude. In the case of an Fe spectral interference on Zn, the GRNN reduced the error from 81% to 24%, while MLR reduced the average error to only 49%. For matrix effects caused by large backgrounds of Mg (0–10,000 ppm) on Zn, average error was reduced to 55% from 67%. In the case of combinations of spectral overlaps and matrix effects, the GRNN reduced average error by approximately 10%. MLR performed poorly on systems involving matrix effects. GRNN is also a very promising tool for the correction of drift caused by fluctuations in power levels, reducing drift over a two-hour period from 2.3% to 0.6%. GRNNs, both by themselves and in multinetwork combinations, seem to be highly promising for the correction of nonlinear matrix effects and long-term signal drift in ICP-AES.
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Yang, Ming, Alceste Z. Bonanos, Bi-Wei Jiang, Jian Gao, Panagiotis Gavras, Grigoris Maravelias, Shu Wang, et al. "Evolved massive stars at low metallicity." Astronomy & Astrophysics 639 (July 2020): A116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201937168.
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We present the most comprehensive red supergiant (RSG) sample for the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) to date, including 1239 RSG candidates. The initial sample was derived based on a source catalog for the SMC with conservative ranking. Additional spectroscopic RSGs were retrieved from the literature, and RSG candidates were selected based on the inspection of Gaia and 2MASS color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs). We estimate that there are in total ∼1800 or more RSGs in the SMC. We purify the sample by studying the infrared CMDs and the variability of the objects, though there is still an ambiguity between asymptotic giant branch stars (AGBs) and RSGs at the red end of our sample. One heavily obscured target was identified based on multiple near-IR and mid-IR (MIR) CMDs. The investigation of color-color diagrams shows that there are fewer RSGs candidates (∼4%) showing PAH emission features compared to the Milky Way and LMC (∼15%). The MIR variability of RSG sample increases with luminosity. We separate the RSG sample into two subsamples (risky and safe), and identify one M5e AGB star in the risky subsample based on simultaneous inspection of variabilities, luminosities, and colors. The degeneracy of mass loss rate (MLR), variability, and luminosity of the RSG sample is discussed, indicating that most of the targets with high variability are also the bright ones with high MLR. Some targets show excessive dust emission, which may be related to previous episodic mass loss events. We also roughly estimate the total gas and dust budget produced by entire RSG population as ∼1.9−1.1+2.4 × 10−6 M⊙ yr−1 in the most conservative case, according to the derived MLR from IRAC1–IRAC4 color. Based on the MIST models, we derive a linear relation between Teff and observed J − KS color with reddening correction for the RSG sample. By using a constant bolometric correction and this relation, the Geneva evolutionary model is compared with our RSG sample, showing a good agreement and a lower initial mass limit of ∼7 M⊙ for the RSG population. Finally, we compare the RSG sample in the SMC and the LMC. Despite the incompleteness of LMC sample in the faint end, the result indicates that the LMC sample always shows redder color (except for the IRAC1–IRAC2 and WISE1–WISE2 colors due to CO absorption) and higher variability than the SMC sample, which is likely due to a positive relation between MLR, variability and the metallicity.
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Yu, Chen, Jianchun Zheng, Deyong Hu, Yufei Di, Xiuhua Zhang, and Manqing Liu. "Evaluation and Correction of IMERG Late Run Precipitation Product in Rainstorm over the Southern Basin of China." Water 13, no. 2 (January 19, 2021): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13020231.
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Satellite precipitation products play an essential role in providing effective global or regional precipitation. However, there are still many uncertainties in the performance of satellite precipitation products, especially in extreme precipitation analysis. In this study, a Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) late run (LR) product was used to evaluate the rainstorms in the southern basin of China from 2015 to 2018. Three correction methods, multiple linear regression (MLR), artificial neural network (ANN), and geographically weighted regression (GWR), were used to get correction products to improve the precipitation performance. This study found that IMERG LR’s ability to characterize rainstorm events was limited, and there was a significant underestimation. The observation error and detection ability of IMERG LR decrease gradually from the southeast coast to the northwest inland. The error test shows that in the eastern coastal area (zone I and II), the central area (zone III), and the western inland area (zone IV and V), the optimal correction method is MLR, ANN, and GWR, respectively. The performance of three correction products is slightly better compared with the original product IMERG LR. From zone I to V, correlation coefficient (CC) and root mean square error (RMSE) show a decreasing trend. Zone II has the highest relative bias (RB), and the deviation is relatively large. The categorical indices of inland area performed better than coastal area. The correction product’s precipitation is slightly lower than the observed value from April to November with a mean error of 8.03%. The correction product’s precipitation was slightly higher than the observed values in other months, with an average error of 12.27%. The greater the observed precipitation, the higher the uncertainty of corrected precipitation result. The coefficient of variation showed that zone II had the highest uncertainty, and zone V had the lowest uncertainty. MLR had a high uncertainty with an average of 9.72%. The mean coefficient of variation of ANN and GWR is 7.74% and 7.29%, respectively. This study aims to generate a set of precipitation products with good accuracy through the IMERG LR evaluation and correction to support regional extreme precipitation research.
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Van Altena, William F., Terrence M. Girard, and John T. Lee. "Calibration of the Mass-Luminosity Relation Using Trigonometric Parallaxes. I." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 135 (1992): 276–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100006564.
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AbstractThe calibration of luminosities using trigonometric parallaxes introduces well-known errors that are a function of the ratio of the parallax error to the parallax, when the sample is chosen from stars with measured parallaxes larger than some minimum parallax. In this paper it is shown that similar errors are also introduced into the mass axis of the mass-luminosity relation (MLR) and can result in a biased MLR. The bias is shown to be related to the Lutz-Kelker correction to the absolute magnitude, as extended by Hanson for the case of selection effects in the data sample. The size of the correction in the mass axis is substantial and for the case of a uniform distribution in space, it can amount to a multiplicative factor of 1.17 in the mass for a ten sigma (σ/π = 0.10) parallax and a factor of 1.62 for a five sigma (σ/π = 0.20) parallax.
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Wang, Wei, Jun Yao, Yang Li, and Aimin Lv. "Research on carbonate reservoir interwell connectivity based on a modified diffusivity filter model." Open Physics 15, no. 1 (May 6, 2017): 306–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2017-0034.
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AbstractAccording to the solution of dual-porosity model, a diffusivity filter model of carbonate reservoir was established, which can effectively illustrate the injection signal attenuation and lag characteristic. The interwell dynamic connectivity inversion model combines a multivariate linear regression (MLR) analysis with a correction coefficient to eliminate the effect of fluctuating bottom-hole pressure (BHP). The modified MLR model was validated by synthetic field with fluctuating BHP. The method was applied to Tahe oilfield which showed that the inversion result was reliable. The interwell dynamic connectivity coefficients could reflect the real interwell connectivity of reservoir. The method is easy to use and proved to be effective in field applications.
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Eker, Z., F. Soydugan, S. Bilir, and V. Bakış. "Standard stellar luminosities: what are typical and limiting accuracies in the era after Gaia?" Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 507, no. 3 (September 8, 2021): 3583–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2302.
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ABSTRACT Methods of obtaining stellar luminosities (L) have been revised and a new concept, standard stellar luminosity, has been defined. In this paper, we study three methods: (i) a direct method from radii and effective temperatures; (ii) a method using a mass–luminosity relation (MLR); and (iii) a method requiring a bolometric correction. If the unique bolometric correction (BC) of a star extracted from a flux ratio (fV/fBol) obtained from the observed spectrum with sufficient spectral coverage and resolution are used, the third method is estimated to provide an uncertainty (ΔL/L) typically at a low percentage, which could be as accurate as 1 per cent, perhaps more. The typical and limiting uncertainties of the predicted L of the three methods were compared. The secondary methods, which require either a pre-determined non-unique BC or MLR, were found to provide less accurate luminosities than the direct method, which could provide stellar luminosities with a typical accuracy of 8.2–12.2 per cent while its estimated limiting accuracy is 2.5 per cent.
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Zhan, Chesheng, Jian Han, Shi Hu, Liangmeizi Liu, and Yuxuan Dong. "Spatial Downscaling of GPM Annual and Monthly Precipitation Using Regression-Based Algorithms in a Mountainous Area." Advances in Meteorology 2018 (2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1506017.
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As a fundamental component in material and energy circulation, precipitation with high resolution and accuracy is of great significance for hydrological, meteorological, and ecological studies. Since satellite measured precipitation is often too coarse for practical applications, it is essential to develop spatial downscaling algorithms. In this study, we investigated two downscaling algorithms based on the Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR), respectively. They were employed to downscale annual and monthly precipitation obtained from the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Mission in Hengduan Mountains, Southwestern China, from 10 km × 10 km to 1 km × 1 km. Ground observations were then used to validate the accuracy of downscaled precipitation. The results showed that (1) GWR performed much better than MLR to regress precipitation on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Digital Elevation Model (DEM); (2) coefficients of GWR models showed strong spatial nonstationarity, but the spatial mean standardized coefficients were very similar to standardized coefficients of MLR in terms of intra-annual patterns: generally NDVI was positively related to precipitation when monthly precipitation was under 166 mm; DEM was negatively related to precipitation, especially in wet months like July and August; contribution of DEM to precipitation was greater than that of NDVI; (3) residuals’ correction was indispensable for the MLR-based algorithm but should be removed from the GWR-based algorithm; (4) the GWR-based algorithm rather than the MLR-based algorithm produced more accurate precipitation than original GPM precipitation. These results indicated that GWR is a promising method in satellite precipitation downscaling researches and needed to be further studied.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "MLR correction"
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Jeník, Ivan. "Identifikace parametrů elasto-plastických modelů materiálu z experimentálních dat." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231979.
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This master's thesis deals with the identification of the material flow curve from record of tensile test of smooth cylindrical specimen. First, necessary theory background is presented. Basic terms of incremental theory of plasticity, tensile test procedure and processing its outputs are described. Furthermore, possibilities of mathematical expression of the elastic-plastic material constitutive law, thus mathematical expression of the material flow curve itself. Mechanism of ductile damage of material is explained briefly as well. Overview of recent methods of the flow curve identification is given, focused on cases, when the stress distribution in a specimen is not uniaxial. That is either kind of analytic correction of basic formulas derived for uniaxial stress state, or application of mathematical optimization techniques combined with numerical simulation of the tensile test. Also unusual method of neural network is mentioned. For 8 given materials, the flow curve identification was performed using different methods. Namely by analytic correction, optimization, sequential identification and neural network. Algorithms of the last two methods were modified. Based on assessment of obtained results, application field and adjusting the parameters of single algorithms was recommended. It showed up, that an effective way to the accurate and credible results is the combination of different methods during flow curve identification procedure.
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Nerman, Isabell, and Jesper Andersson. "Rättelse i fastighetsregistrets inskrivningsdel : Kan det vara mer rätt att rätta mer?" Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298021.
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Av 19 kap. 22 § 1 st. första meningen jordabalken följer att om fastighetsregistrets inskrivningsdel innehåller någon uppenbar oriktighet som beror på inskrivningsmyndighetens eller någon annans skrivfel, på något liknande förbiseende eller på ett tekniskt fel, ska inskrivningsmyndigheten rätta uppgiften. Avseende bestämmelsen ämnar examensarbetet att fastställa gällande rätt (de lege lata), analysera rekvisiten och föreslå regelförändringar(de lege ferenda) som möjliggör att rättelse skulle kunna tillämpas i fler situationer än vad som är möjligt idag. För detta har rättsdogmatisk metod, rättsvetenskaplig metod och empirisk metod använts. Utöver de traditionella rättskällorna inkluderas empiriskt material som underrättspraxis, JO-avgöranden och intervjumaterial. Även rättelsebestämmelserna 36 § förvaltningslagen (2017:900) och 4 kap. 21 § lagen (2008:990) om företagshypotek presenteras som underlag för en avslutande jämförelse. Av slutsatserna framgår bland annat att rättelse ska tillämpas restriktivt, vilketinnebär att endast oriktigheter som tydligt uppfyller rekvisiten kan rättas. Om rättelse skulle tillämpas i fler situationer är det viktigt att den enskildes rättstrygghet inte äventyras då denne kan lida skada efter att ha förlitat sig på registeruppgifter som sedan ändras genom rättelse.19 ch. 22 § in the Land Code (Sw: jordabalken) stipulates that if the land register section of the Real Property Register contains an obvious inaccuracy which depends on the land registration authority or somebody else's clerical error, similar inadvertence or due to a technical error, the land registration authority shall correct the inaccuracy. Regarding this regulation, the purpose of this master’s thesis is to establish the law (de lege lata), analyse the necessary conditions and propose rule changes (de lege ferenda) whether correction could be applied in more situations than what is possible today. Beyond the traditional sources of law, empirical material consisting of lower court praxis, decisions from the Parliamentary ombudsmen and interview material are included. Also, the regulations regarding correction according to 36 § of the Administrative Procedure Act (Sw: förvaltningslagen (2017:900)) and 4 ch. 21 § of the Floating Charges Act (Sw: lag (2008:990) om företagshypotek) are presented as a basis for a concluding comparison. From the conclusion – for instance – it appears that 19 ch. 22 § of the Land Code has a restrictive interpretation, which means that only incorrections that in a clear way fulfil the necessary conditions can be corrected. If correction would be applied in more situations, it is important that the individual legal rights should not be compromised since a third party can suffer loss after relying on information in the register that later will be corrected.
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Thieuleux, François. "Contribution à l'amélioration de la correction atmosphérique pour l'observation de la couleur de l'océan depuis l'espace." Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-301.pdf.
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La diffusion atmosphérique des molécules et aérosols perturbe l'observation de la couleur depuis l'espace et nécessite l'utilsation d'un algorithme dit de correction atmosphérique. L'algorithme le plus usuel fait l'hypothèse d'aérosols non absorbants et suppose implicitement connu le profil vertical de la concentration en aérosols. Les observations par les capteurs spatiaux ont montré que ces hypothèses sont insuffisantes en particulier pour les zones survolées par le panache d'aérosols désertiques. Le travail présenté vise à développer un nouveau type d'algorithme basé sur l'observation multiangulaire. Nous avons simulé le signal, luminance normalisée ou réflectance, observé en haut de l'atmosphère en présence d'une couche d'aérosols localisés à une altitude variable. D'abord, nous présentons la modification du code de transfert radiatif, pour permettre l'introduction d'une couche localisée à une altitude déterminée, z. Les effets de l'altitude ont été évalués en distinguant la diffusion propre d'une absorption additionnelle. Les résultats obtenus, presentés ensuite montrent que les effets de l'absorption sont beaucoup plus importants que ceux de la diffusion. Les effets sont variables avec le modèle d'aérosol. L'effet d'absorption dépend peu du modèle d'aérosol, et varie de façon presque proportionnelle à l'épaisseur optique des aérosols en absorption, l'épaisseur optique moléculaire, l'altitude de la couche d'aérosols. Puis un algorithme original de correction de l'effet d'absorption atmosphérique est proposé. Enfin, nous avons évalué la précision du code de transfert radiatif sous les mêmes hypothèses. Il n'apparaît pas de biais qui soit supérieur à l'exigence de précision nécessaire à la correction atmosphérique pour l'observation spatiale de la couleur de l'eau, sauf quand la surface est agitée par le vent et quand les désaccords sont plus marqués.
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Steinmetz, François. "Étude de la correction de la diffusion atmosphérique et du rayonnement solaire réfléchi par la surface agitée de la mer pour l'observation de la couleur de l'océan depuis l'espace." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10010/document.
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La principale difficulté pour l'observation de la "couleur de l'océan" depuis l'espace est d'effectuer les corrections atmosphériques, c'est à dire extraire le signal provenant des océans du signal total largement dominé par la contribution de l'atmosphère. Dans ce cadre, des problèmes spécifiques liés aux capteurs satellitaires utilisés, ou aux conditions d'observations, peuvent apparaître. Dans le cas du capteur POLDER-3, nous avons diagnostiqué des défauts sur les produits marins grâce aux mesures in situ BOUSSOLE, notamment attribuables aux données d'entrée (de niveau 1), et de proposer plusieurs ajustements. Ces modifications ont abouti à une amélioration majeure de précision des produits, d'un facteur 1.5 à 2. De plus, le même algorithme de correction atmosphérique a été appliqué aux données du capteur MERlS, ce qui a permis de mettre en évidence ses propriétés de fonctionnement. Les algorithmes de correction atmosphérique existants sont également limités par la tâche brillante du rayonnement solaire réfléchi par la surface agitée de la mer (le sun glint), ne pouvant fonctionner lorsque ce signal est trop intense. Pour de nombreux capteurs (MERlS, MODIS ... ) ceci rend près de la moitié des observations aux latitudes subtropicales inutilisables. Nous proposons un algorithme, appelé POLYMER, conçu pour fonctionner sur l'ensemble du sun glint. Si le gain en couverture spatiale est spectaculaire, il se fait encore au détriment de la précision des produits. Néanmoins, cet algorithme montre qu'il est possible d'utiliser de données contaminées par le sun glint pour la couleur de l'océan, et ouvre de nouvelles perspective pour les applications futuresThe main challenge for observing the”ocean colour” from space is to make the atmospheric correction which consists in extracting the marine signal from the measured dominated by the atmospheric scattering. In this context, we have studied specific problems that arise due to the quality of the sensor radiometry or to the viewing conditions. In the case of POLDER-3, we have used the in situ BOUSSOLE data to detect some problems, one of which can be attributed to a defect in the input (level1) data. We have made empirical corrections for these defects, resulting in an improvement of the accuracy of the marine reflectance products by a factor 1.5 to 2. Moreover, the same atmospheric correction algorithm was applied to the MERIS data to emphasize some of its features. The existing atmospheric correction algorithms are also limited by the sunglint, failing to retrieve marine parameters in the bright pattern of the sun reflected by the wavy sea surface. For many sensors (MERIS,MODIS...), this makes almost half of the observations at subtropical latitudes unusable, reducing the global coverage accordingly. We are presenting an original algorithm, called POLYMER, designed to make atmospheric correction over the whole sun glint pattern. The increase of spatial coverage is spectacular, while the accuracy on the retrieved marine parameters remains acceptable.This study shows that itis possible to retrieve the ocean colour in the sun glint contaminated areas and opens new opportunities for future applications
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Hermozo, Laura. "L'estimation de la correction troposphérique humide pour l'altimétrie spatiale : l'approche variationnelle." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30026/document.
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L'altimétrie spatiale contribue majoritairement à la compréhension de la circulation océanique régionale et globale. Elle permet aujourd'hui de fournir une cartographie de la topographie océanique à des échelles spatiales et temporelles de plus en plus fines. Le passage du signal radar à travers la vapeur d'eau de l'atmosphère implique un retard de l'onde, qui nécessite d'être corrigé : c'est la correction troposphérique humide. Des méthodes statistiques sont actuellement utilisées pour estimer la correction troposphérique humide. Elles permettent d'inverser des mesures de températures de brillance fournies par un radiomètre couplé à l'altimètre sur une mission altimétrique, à deux ou trois fréquences proches de la bande d'absorption de la vapeur d'eau, à 22.235 GHz. Bien que ces algorithmes permettent d'estimer cette correction avec de faibles incertitudes en plein océan, des améliorations sont nécessaires pour réduire les erreurs dans les zones océaniques complexes, comme les régions d'upwelling, et sur les surfaces hétérogènes, comme en régions côtières, sur glace de mer, ou sur les eaux continentales. A ces fins, une approche variationnelle uni-dimensionnelle (1D-Var) est développée dans cette thèse. Elle permet de tenir compte de la physique de l'atmosphère et des variations de la surface dans l'environnement des mesures, pour estimer la correction troposphérique de manière globale, sur différents types de surface, dans le contexte des missions altimétriques actuelles, et futures, dont les technologies instrumentales évoluent. Une analyse fine des caractéristiques de l'approche 1D-Var, et de ses performances, permet de montrer l'apport et l'impact des différents paramètres en jeu sur les variables atmosphériques restituées, et la correction troposphérique humide estimée. Les performances du 1D-Var ainsi que ses limites sont évaluées pour l'estimation la correction troposphérique humide en plein océan, en conditions de ciel clair. L'apport des mesures de températures de brillance aux hautes fréquences, typiques des missions altimétriques futures, est également analysé. Leur potentiel est exploité dans le cadre de l'estimation de la correction troposphérique humide dans les régions côtières, où les mesures de températures de brillance sont contaminées par la présence de terre dans le signal. Enfin, une analyse des estimations des émissivités de surface, et de leurs variations sur la glace de mer, est proposée dans le cadre d'une étude préliminaire à l'estimation de la correction troposphérique humide, aux interfaces complexes mer/glace de mer, dans les régions polairesSpace altimetry is one of the major contributors to the understanding of regional and global oceanic circulation. It currently enables to provide a map of ocean topography at higher temporal and spacial scales. A propagation delay of the altimeter signal along its path through atmospheric water vapor needs to be accounted for, and corresponds to the wet tropospheric correction. Statistical methods are currently used to estimate wet tropospheric correction. These methods are fed by brightness temperature measurements provided by a radiometer coupled to the altimeter, at two or three frequencies close to the water vapor absorption line, at 22.235 GHz. While these algorithms provide wet tropospheric correction with low uncertainties over open ocean, improvements are still needed to reduce higher uncertainties in complex oceanic areas, such as upwelling regions, and over heterogeneous surfaces, as coastal regions, sea ice or inland waters. To this end, a one-dimensional variational approach (1D-Var) is developed in the frame of this thesis. This approach accounts for atmospheric and surface variability in the surroundings of the measurements, to provide wet tropospheric correction estimates at a global scale, over various surfaces, in the context of both current and future altimetry missions, with improved instrumental technologies. We first analyze the characteristics of the 1D-Var approach and evaluate its performances. The contribution and impact of the different input parameters on retrieved atmospheric variables and wet tropospheric correction are shown through this analysis. The potential and limits of the 1D-Var approach to retrieve wet tropospheric correction over open ocean, for clear sky conditions, are evaluated. The contribution of high frequencies, typical to future altimetry missions, is also analyzed. It is fully exploited to retrieve wet tropospheric correction over coastal areas, where land contamination occurs within brightness temperature measurements. A preliminary analysis of surface emissivity estimates and their variability over sea ice is also undertaken, in the frame of the 1D-Var estimation of wet tropospheric correction over sea ice/open sea transition surfaces, in polar areas
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Thao, Soulivanh. "Tendance et variabilité de la vapeur d'eau atmosphérique : un enjeu pour l'étude du niveau moyen océanique." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2561/.
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La mesure du niveau de la mer par altimétrie satellitaire est perturbée par la présence de vapeur d'eau dans l'atmosphère. Un radiomètre micro-onde, sur les missions altimétriques, est chargé de corriger les mesures de ces perturbations. Les exigences quant à la qualité de cette correction, appelée correction troposphérique humide, sont particulièrement fortes pour l'étude des changements climatiques. Cette thèse a pour objet l'étude des corrections troposphériques humides utilisées dans le cadre des missions altimétriques Jason-1 et Envisat. L'objectif est de caractériser les incertitudes liées à la correction et d'identifier les potentielles anomalies présentes. L'étude faire ressortir une potentielle dérive dans l'étalonnage du radiomètre de la mission Jason-1 après 2008. Pour la mission Envisat, l'analyse met en avant des biais régionaux à l'approche des côtes. Ces derniers sont probablement liés au traitement de la donnée radiométriqueMeasurements of the sea surface height are disturbed by the presence of water vapor in the atmosphere. A microwave radiometer, on altimetric missions, is used to correct the measurements from theses disturbances. Requirements on the quality of this correction, called the wet tropospheric correction, are stringent for the survey of climate changes. This thesis concerns the monitoring of the wet tropospheric correction used in the altimetry missions, Jason-1 and Envisat. The aim is to characterize uncertainties related to this correction and to identify potential anomalies. The analysis brings out a potential drift in the radiometer used on Jason-1, after 2008. For the Envisat missions, the presence of biases near coastlines suggests processing related issues
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Bécu, Guislain Louis. "Contribution à la vérification des observations spatiales de la couleur de l'océan à l'aide du réseau de radiomètres optiques SIMBADA." Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2004/50376-2004-7-8.pdf.
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Nous présentons un réseau de radiomètres optiques de terrain, appelés SIMBADA (Satellite Intercomparison for Marine Biology and Aerosol Determination - Advanced version), destinés à la vérification des observations spatiales de la couleur de l'océan. Le SIMBADA réalise en mer des mesures in situ des trois paramètres indispensables à cette vérification : l'épaisseur optique en aérosol, le modèle d'aérosols, ainsi que la réflectance marine. Le radiomètre, portable et autonome, emegistre un signal optique selon onze canaux (de 350 à 870 nm), et mesure l'épaisseur optique en aérosols et la réflectance marine de manière quasi-simultanée grâce à deux gains électroniques. D'autre part, il s'affranchit de la réflexion parasite de la luminance du ciel sur la surface par polarisation. Nous présenterons d'abord l'instrument de manière détaillée, ainsi que le travail réalisé sur la détermination des coefficients d'étalonnage avec l'estimation d'une dérive temporelle et l'utilisation simultanée des étalons solaire et photométrique. Ensuite, nous présenterons deux améliorations apportées à l'algorithme de traitement des données: la première concerne l'estimation du modèle d'aérosols à partir de la variation spectrale de leur épaiseur optique, et la deuxième concerne une correction appliquée aux mesures de réflectance marine pour les corriger de la perturbation éventuelle de petits moutons d'écume. Enfin, nous présenterons la base de données (2300 mesures) réalisée avec la mise en réseau d'une vingtaine de SIMBADA pendant trois ansNous avons comparé les mesures SIMBADA avec d'autres mesures in situ, réalisées par trois autres instruments de terrain reconnus. La première comparaison a montré que le SIMBADA et le système de photomètre/radiomètre SMSR/SPMR s'accordent à 6% sur l'estimation de l'éclairement descendant et que les deux instruments estiment la réflectance marine avec une erreur de 10 à 20% entre 410 et 560 nm, et de 60 à 80% au-delà; la deuxième a montré que le SIMBADA et le photomètre solaire MicroTops mesurent l'épaisseur optique en aérosols avec une précision de 0. 02 en valeur absolue; enfin, la troisième a montré que le SIMBADA et le spectroradiomètre TriOS s'accordent à 3% (9% pour les grandes élevations solaires) sur l'estimation de l'éclairement descendant, et que les deux instruments estiment la réflectance marine avec une erreur de 10 à 15% entre 410 et 560 nm, et de 20 à 35% au-delà. Ces différentes analyses ont permis de montrer que le SIMBADA réalise ses mesures avec une précision de 0. 001 en termes de réflectance à 443 nm, ce qui est inférieur aux exigences (0. 002 à 443 nm). Enfin, la base de données SIMBADA a été utilisée pour vérifier les observations spatiales de la couleur de l'océan réalisées par les capteurs MERlS/ENVISAT et POLDER-2/ADEOS-2, en estimant leurs erreurs sur l'estimation de la réflectance marine, puis en les comparant aux exigences de l'observation spatiale de la couleur de l'océan (0. 002 en termes de réflectance marine au-dessus de la surface à 443 nm). La comparaison SIMBADA/MERlS a révélé une erreur assez importante sur les réflectances marines dérivées de MERlS après correction atmosphérique (RMS de 0. 008 à 443 nm). La comparaison SIMBADA/POLDER-2 a révélé une erreur moins importante sur les réflectances marines dérivées de POLDER-2 après correction atmosphérique (RMS inférieur à 0. 004 à 443 nm)
D'autre part, une analyse plus détaillée a été réalisée sur la vérification des données MERlS. Premièrement, les erreurs sur l'estimation de l'épaisseur optique en aérosols et du modèle d'aérosols dérivés de :MERlS sont assez élevées. Deuxièmement, l'erreur sur l'estimation de la réflectance marine croît aux courtes longueurs d'onde utilisées pour la couleur de l'océan, et est sans doute attribuable à la précision des codes de transfert radiatif utilisés et au choix des modèles d'aérosols utilisés. Aucun paramètre géophysique ou climatique (vitesse du vent, élévation solaire, latitude,. . . ) ne semble être corrélé à cette erreur. Par ailleurs, on améliore l'estimation de la réflectance marine en appliquant aux données un critère de qualité (flag :MERlSPCD_1_13) : le RMS passe dans ce cas à 0. 005 à 443 nm. Toutefois, ce critère semble diminuer d'un facteur deux le nombre de pixels déclarés valides. Enfin, l'impact des erreurs de correction atmosphérique sur l'estimation de la concentration en chlorophylle a été évaluée en appliquant le même algorithme bio-optique (OC4v4) aux réf1ectances marines issues de MERIS et de SIMBADA. La précision estimée est de 60% (30% lorsque le flag MERlS PCD_l_13 est appliqué), chiffre auquel il convient d'ajouter la variabilté naturelle de l'algorithme géophysique
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Azizipesteh, Baglo Hamid Reza. "Effect of various mix parameters on the true tensile strength of concrete." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12560.
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The primary aim of this research was to develop a method for determining the true uniaxial tensile strength of concrete by conducting a series of cylinder splitting, modulus of rupture (MOR) and cylinder/cube compression tests. The main objectives were: • Critically reviewing previous published research in order to identify gaps in current knowledge and understanding, including theoretical and methodological contributions to the true uniaxial tensile strength of concrete. In order to maintain consistency and increase the reliability of the proposed methods, it is essential to review the literature to provide additional data points in order to add additional depth, breathe and rigor to Senussi's investigation (2004). • The design of self compacting concrete (SCC), normal strength concrete (NSC) and high strength concrete (HSC) mixes and undertaking lab-based experimental works for mixing, casting, curing and testing of specimens in order to establish new empirical evidence and data. • Analysing the data, presenting the results, and investigating the application of validity methods as stated by Lin and Raoof (1999) and Senussi (2004). • To draw conclusions including comparison with previous research and literature, including the proposal of new correction factors and recommendations for future research. 29 batches of NSC, 137 batches of HSC, 44 batches of fly ash SCC and 47 batches of GGBS SCC were cast and their hardened and fresh properties were measured. Hardened properties measured included: cylinder splitting strength, MOR, cylinder compressive strength and cube compressive strength. A variety of rheological tests were also applied to characterise the fresh properties of the SCC mixes, including: slump flow, T50, L-box, V-funnel, J-ring and sieve stability. Cylinders were also visually checked after splitting for segregation. The tensile strength of concrete has traditionally been expressed in terms of its compressive strength (e.g. ft = c x c f ). Based on this premise, extensive laboratory testing was conducted to evaluate the tensile strength of the concretes, including the direct tension test and the indirect cylinder splitting and MOR tests. These tests however, do not provide sufficiently accurate results for the true uniaxial tensile strength, due to the results being based upon different test methods. This shortcoming has been overcome by recently developed methods reported by Lin and Raoof (1999) and Senussi (2004) who proposed simple correction factors for the application to the cylinder splitting and MOR test results, with the final outcome providing practically reasonable estimates of the true uniaxial tensile strength of concrete, covering a wide range of concrete compressive strengths 12.57 ≤ fc ≤ 93.82 MPa, as well as a wide range of aggregate types. The current investigation has covered a wide range of ages at testing, from 3 to 91 days. Test data from other sources has also been applied for ages up to 365 days, with the test results reported relating to a variety of mix designs. NSC, SCC and HSC data from the current investigation has shown an encouraging correlation with the previously reported results, hence providing additional wider and deeper empirical evidence for the validity of the recommended correction factors. The results have also demonstrated that the type (size, texture and strength) of aggregate has a negligible effect on the recommended correction factors. The concrete age at testing was demonstrated to have a potentially significant effect on the recommended correction factors. Altering the cement type can also have a significant effect on the hardened properties measured and demonstrated practically noticeable variations on the recommended correction factors. The correction factors proved to be valid regarding the effects of incorporating various blended cements in the HSC and SCC. The NSC, HSC and SCC showed an encouraging correlation with previously reported results, providing additional support, depth, breadth and rigor for the validity of the correction factors recommended.
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Goyens, Clémence. "Validation et amélioration des méthodes de correction atmosphérique pour les images de la couleur de l'océan dans les eaux côtières optiquement complexes." Thesis, Littoral, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DUNK0401/document.
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L'acquisition de paramètres marins à partir des données spatiales de la couleur de l'eau nécessite l'élimination de la contribution de l'atmosphère au signal mesuré par le capteur. En effet, la majorité du rayonnement solaire mesuré par les instruments optiques dans les longueurs d'ondes qui intéressent la couleur de l'eau provient de la diffusion par les molécules de l'air et les aérosols atmosphériques. L'élimination de la contribution de l'atmosphère est appelée correction atmosphérique (CA). Pour les eaux claires, les méthodes de CA supposent une réflectance marine nulle dans le proche infra-rouge (PIR). Ceci permet d'estimer la réflectane de l'atmosphère et de l'extrapoler vers les bandes du visible, et donc de déterminer le signal marin qui contient les informations sur les propriétés optiques des eaux marines. Cette hypothèse n'est cependant pas vérifiée pour les eaux turbides, qui représentent la quasi totalité des eaux côtières. Par conséquent, de nombreux algorithmes de CA ont été développés pour les eaux côtières incluant des hypothèses alternatives. L'objectif de ce travail de thèse est de valider et d'améliorer ces méthodes de CA pour les images MODIS Aqua. Pour cela, diverses approches de CA développées pour les eaux cotières ont été comparées et validées : (1) l'algorithme standard de la NASA, (2) le "NIR Similary spectrum algorithm" qui inclut des hypothèes d'homogénéité spatiale des réflectances marines et atmosphériques, (3) l'algorithme qui utilise les bandes dans l'infrarouge moyen pour la CA dans les eaux très turbides, et (4) un algorithme utilisant un réseau de neurones artificiels. L'exercice de validation à partir de données in situ, et en fonction des types d'eaux, a permis d'identifier différentes pistes d'amélioration pour l'estimation du signal marin. L'un d'entre elles comprend l'utilisation de relations spectrales pour forcer les modèles de réflectances marines utilisés par les algorithmes CA pour estimer le signal marin dans le PIR. Des modifications ont été apportées aux modèles de réflectances marines de l'algorithme standard de la NASA et du "NIR Similarity spectrum algorithm". Chacun des modèles a été forcé avec des relations spectrales préalablement validées grâce à des données globales. Une étude de sensibilité et une validation de ces algorithmes modifiés à partir de données MODIS-Aqua dans la Manhe Orientale/Mer du Nord et la Guyane Française ont démontré que les modifications suggérées amélioraient les estimations du signal marin dans les eaux côtières optiquement complexesTo acquire marine parameters from remote sensing ocean color data, the sensor-measured signal needs to be corrected for the atmospheric contribution. Indeed, the solar radiation reflected by air molecules and atmospheric aerosols is significant in the sensor bands of interest for ocean color applications. The removal of the atmospheric contribution is called the atmospheric correction (AC). In open ocean waters, the AC relies on the assumption that the water is totally absorbent in the near infrared (NIR) part of the spectral region, allowing to retrieve the atmospheric contribution and to extrapolate it to the visible spectral range, and thus to determine the marine signal that contains the information on the optical properties of seawaters. However, this assumption is not valid in highly productive and turbid coastal waters. Hence, AC approaches for coastal waters need to rely on alternative assumptions. This Ph. D. thesis has as main objective to validate and improve these AC methods developed for contrasted coastal waters, with a focus on MODIS Aqua images. First, a validation and comparison of existing AC methods, relying on diverse assumptions and methods, is performed. Therefore, four commonly used AC methods are selected, (1) the standard NIR AC approach of NASA, (2) the NIR similarity spectrum AC approach including assumptions of spatial homogeneity in the water and aerosol reflectance, (3) the switching algorithm using the short wave infrared bands for AC in highly turbid waters, (4) an Artificial Neural Network algorithm. With the help of a validation exercise based on in situ data and as a function of the water type, several areas of improvement are delineated, including the use of spectral relationships to constrain NIR-modelling schemes. Modified NIR-modelling schemes are suggested for the standard NASA and NIR similarity spectrum AC methods. Both are forced with globally valid spectral relationships. Sensitivity studies and validation exercises, using MODIS-Aqua images in the Eastern English Channel/North Sea and French Guiana waters, are conducted showing that the suggested modified NIR-modelling schemes improve the estimations of the marine signal in contrasted coastal waters
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Lacressonnière, Fabien. "Conception de structures de conversion d'énergie à double fonctionnalité pour chariots électriques de manutention." Artois, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ARTO0205.
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Actuellement, dans les chariots électrique de manutention, deux convertisseurs statiques distincts sont utilisés : d'un côté un variateur de vitesse et de l'autre un chargeur de batterie. Notre étude porte sur l'utilisation des éléments de la chaîne de traction (variateur de vitesse) comme chargeur de batterie afin de réduire le coût et améliorer les performances. Pour mener cette étude, deux types de chariot ont été choisi : le transpalette à motorisation à courant continu et un chariot élévateur à motorisation à curant alternatif. Après un bref rappel des technologies et normes à respecter (pollution harmonique du réseau, isolation galvanique), le choix de la topologie s'est porté sur le convertisseur à stockage capacitif (CUK) avec isolation galvanique pour le transpalette et sur un onduleur/redresseur à M. L. I. Pour le chariot élévateur. Une étude mécanique pour les deux chariots a permis de conclure sur l'efficacité du freinage par récupération. Afin d'analyser l'influence d'un courant de charge ayant une composante sinusoïdale sur la batterie, le modèle équivalent de la batterie a été introduit. Pour le transpalette, l'analyse complète (dimensionnement, modèle dynamique, C. A. L. C. ) du convertisseur à stockage capacitif a été effectuée. Pour le chariot élévateur, le moteur asynchrone est couplé directement à la roue motrice et il est utilisé comme transformateur lors de la charge de la batterie. Une étude de dimensionnement du moteur a été menée et son association avec l'onduleur/redresseur M. L. I. A été analyséeNowadays, in electric industrial trucks, two distinct power converters are used : on the one hand a speed controller and on the other hand a battery charger. The aim of the study is to use the existing components (speed controller) to realize a battery charger in order to reduce the cost and improve performances. To undertake this study, two industrial trucks have been selected : a transpallet with DC motorization and a fork lift truck with AC motorization. After a brief reminder on the technologies and standards to respect (harmonic pollution, galvanic isolation), the choice of the topology was made on the CUK converter with a galvanic isolation for the transpallet and on a P. W. M. Inverter/rectifier for the fork lift truck. A mechanical study for the two industrials trucks has allowed to conclude on the effectiveness from the regenerative braking. In order to analyse the influence of a charging current with a sinusoidal perturbation on the performances of the lead-acid battery, the electrical model has been introduced. For the transpallet, the full analyse (dimensioning, dynamical model, snubber) of the CUK converter has been done. For the fork lift truck, the induction motor is directly coupled at the main wheel and it is used like as a transformer during the charge of the battery. A dimensioning study of the motor has been presented and its interaction with the P. W. M. Inverter/rectifier has been analysed
Books on the topic "MLR correction"
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Alberta. MLA Correctional Services Review Committee. The changing landscape of corrections: Government MLA review of correctional services. Alberta: MLA Correctional Services Review Committee, 2002.
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Golovinskai︠a︡, I. V. Izbranie i primenenie mer presechenii︠a︡, ne svi︠a︡zannykh s lisheniem ili ogranicheniem svobody. Vladimir: Vladimirskiĭ gos. universitet, 2010.
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Skripchenko, N. I︠U︡. Teorii︠a︡ i praktika primenenii︠a︡ inykh mer ugolovno-pravovogo kharaktera k nesovershennoletnim: Monografii︠a︡. Moskva: Izdatelʹstvo "I︠U︡rlitinform", 2014.
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G, Maksimovskiĭ Ė, Kashuba Grigoriĭ, and Gurov A. I, eds. Imperii͡a︡ strakha: Prestupnyĭ mir--mafii͡a︡, vory v zakone, rėket, shulery, stukachi : nezashchishchennyĭ mir--khristianskoe slovo, poėzii͡a︡ lagereĭ, pogublennye sudʹby. Moskva: Izd-vo "Maket Limited", 1992.
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Webb, Andrew. Colloids in critical illness. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0056.
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Colloid solutions are homogenous mixtures of large molecules suspended in a crystalloid solution. The efficacy of colloids as volume substitutes or expanders, and length of effect are determined by their physicochemical properties. Smaller volumes of colloid than crystalloid are required for resuscitation. The primary use of colloids is in the correction of circulating volume. Rather than using fixed haemodynamic endpoints, fluid can be given in small aliquots with assessment of the dynamic haemodynamic response to each aliquot. The aim of a fluid challenge is to produce a small, but significant (200 mL) and rapid increase in plasma volume with changes in central venous pressure or stroke volume used to judge fluid responsiveness. Colloid fluids give a reliable increase in plasma volume to judge fluid responsiveness.
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France. Direction de l'éducation surveillée. Bureau des études et programmes - K 4., ed. Bilan statistique de l'évolution de l'activité des juridictions de la jeunesse, 1976-1984 et de l'incarcération des mineurs, 1976-1985: France métropolitaine, départements et territoires d'outre-mer. Paris: Ministère de la justice, 1985.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "MLR correction"
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Buschbeck, R. P., L. Caldeira, J. Scheins, L. Tellmann, and N. J. Shah. "CHAPTER 12. Motion Correction in Brain MR-PET." In Hybrid MR-PET Imaging, 259–72. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788013062-00259.
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Wadayama, Tadashi. "An Algorithm for Computing Rejection Probability of MLD with Threshold Test over BSC." In Applied Algebra, Algebraic Algorithms and Error-Correcting Codes, 353–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45624-4_37.
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Caldeira, L., E. Rota Kops, N. A. da Silva, and H. Herzog. "CHAPTER 11. MR-based Corrections for Quantitative PET Image." In Hybrid MR-PET Imaging, 229–58. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788013062-00229.
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Hussain, Akram, Xinchun Yu, and Yuan Luo. "Generalized Bidirectional Limited Magnitude Error Correcting Code for MLC Flash Memories." In Combinatorial Optimization and Applications, 450–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71150-8_37.
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Theobald. "THE Examination and Correction OF THE Tragedy of HAMLET." In Shakespeare Restored: or, a Specimen of the Many Errors as well Committed, as Unamended, by Mr. Pope, in his Late Edition of this Poet, 1–132. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429243837-1.
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Obata, Takayuki, Jeff Kershaw, Akifumi Hagiwara, and Shigeki Aoki. "Correction to: Future Directions for Diffusion Imaging of the Brain and Spinal Cord." In Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging of the Brain, Head and Neck, and Spine, C1. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62120-9_27.
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"Abdomen: Motion Correction." In The Physics of Clinical MR Taught Through Images, edited by Val M. Runge, Wolfgang R. Nitz, Miguel Trelles, and Frank L. Goerner. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/b-0034-91444.
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"ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS." In A Treatise on Syriac Grammar by Mar Elia of Soba, 116–21. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463208936-006.
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"105 Abdomen: Motion Correction." In The Physics of Clinical MR Taught Through Images, edited by Val M. Runge, Wolfgang R. Nitz, and Johannes T. Heverhagen. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/b-0038-163063.
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"52 Abdomen: Motion Correction." In The Physics of Clinical MR Taught Through Images, edited by Val M. Runge, Wolfgang R. Nitz, and Stuart H. Schmeets. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/b-0034-63950.
Full textConference papers on the topic "MLR correction"
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Cui, Zhiqiang, Zhongfeng Wang, and Xinming Huang. "Multilevel error correction scheme for MLC flash memory." In 2014 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2014.6865100.
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Lu, Pengfei, and Makoto Ando. "Performance of higher order correction of PO-MER in diffraction." In 2014 International Symposium on Antennas & Propagation (ISAP). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isanp.2014.7026550.
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Cai, Yu, Gulay Yalcin, Onur Mutlu, Erich F. Haratsch, Osman Unsal, Adrian Cristal, and Ken Mai. "Neighbor-cell assisted error correction for MLC NAND flash memories." In The 2014 ACM international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2591971.2591994.
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Li, Bing, Shan Shuchang, Yu Hu, and Xiaowei Li. "Tolerating Noise in MLC PCM with Multi-Bit Error Correction Code." In 2013 IEEE 19th Pacific Rim International Symposium on Dependable Computing (PRDC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/prdc.2013.43.
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Jung, Sanghyuk, Sangyong Lee, Hoeseung Jung, and Yong Ho Song. "In-page management of error correction code for MLC flash storages." In 2011 IEEE 54th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwscas.2011.6026356.
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Lu, Pengfei, and Makoto Ando. "Full pattern comparsion of PO and MER line integrations with SGO correction." In 2012 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium and USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aps.2012.6348781.
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Ponader, Jonathan, Kyle Thomas, Sandip Kundu, and Yan Solihin. "MILR: Mathematically Induced Layer Recovery for Plaintext Space Error Correction of CNNs." In 2021 51st Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dsn48987.2021.00024.
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Frye, Robert C., Kevin D. Cummings, and Edward A. Rietman. "Neural network approach to proximity effect corrections in electron-beam lithography." In Microlithography '90, 4-9 Mar, San Jose, edited by Douglas J. Resnick. SPIE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.20157.
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Lu, Pengfei, and Makoto Ando. "Correction term of MER for PO surface-to-line integral reduction for curved surfaces." In 2014 USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (Joint with AP-S Symposium). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/usnc-ursi.2014.6955552.
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Kraatz, Simon, Paul Siqueira, and Shannon Rose. "ISCE Docker Tools: Automated Radiometric Terrain Correction and Image Coregistration of Uavsar MLC Data." In IGARSS 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss39084.2020.9324658.
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