Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'MLSA'
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Cunty, Amandine. "Caractérisation de Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae l’agent responsable de l’émergence d’une épidémie de chancre bactérien du kiwi en France et description de Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidifoliorum, agent causal de taches foliaires sur kiwi." Thesis, Angers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ANGE0018/document.
Full textThe causal agent of bacterial canker, Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa),has been responsible ofthree epidemics since 1980’s.Psa is divided in three biovars. The most recent and severe outbreak (causedby Psa biovar 3) was detected for the first time in Italy in 2008. It has spread very quickly in the main kiwifruit producing countries, as in France in 2010. We analyzed the diversity of 280 strains of P. syringae isolated fromkiwifruit in France. The biological characterization and the phylogenetic analysis of the strains by MLSArevealed that the biovars 1, 2 and 3 belong to the same genetic lineage, which include P. s. pv. theae, as well.The biovar 4 strains, which are structured in 4 distinct genetic lineages, have been grouped in a new pathovar(Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidifoliorum (Psaf)). These strains are characterized by a low virulence (onlyspots on leaves and no canker on wood). This new classification help with the management of the bacterialkiwifruit canker outbreaks. The development of an MLVA scheme composed of 11 VNTRs allowed to studythe genetic structuration of Psa biovar 3 populations, to reveal the diversity within this pathovar and to identifythe Italian origin of the epidemic in France. The genome sequencing of five Psaf strains and the comparisonbetween these sequences and those of Psa and Psaf genomes already available on NCBI, allowed thedevelopment of a new detection tool by real-time PCR, specific of each Psa biovar and of Psaf. The MLVA andthe real-time PCR based detection technique developed here will contribute to the improvement of the monitoringof kiwifruit bacterial canker around the world
Afonso, Mendes-Yahiaoui Noura. "Épidémiologie moléculaire du complexe d’espèces Ralstonia solanacearum, agent du flétrissement bactérien, dans les îles du Sud-Ouest de l’océan Indien." Thesis, La Réunion, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LARE0014.
Full textIn the southwest Indian Ocean (SWIO) islands (Comoros, Mauritius, Mayotte, Réunion, Rodrigues and Seychelles), bacterial wilt caused by the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (Rssc) is considered one of the most harmful plant disease for food crops or export. The main objective of this work presented in this manuscript was to explore the level and the distribution of the genetic diversity of Rssc and the genetic structure of its populations in SWIO. We conducted extensive sampling campaigns that resulted in a large collection of 1704 isolates, mainly from Solanaceae (tomato, potato, chilli, eggplant, pepper) and geranium rosat. The phylogenetic assignment of the isolates showed a very high prevalence of phylotype I (88 %), which is distributed in each island of the SWIO, while phylotypes II (9 %) and III (3 %) are found only in Réunion. Two phylotype IV strains have also been reported in Mauritius, representing the first report of this phylogenetic group in SWIO. A phylogenetic and genotyping approach (MLSA/MLST) based on sequence analysis of 6 housekeeping genes and 1 gene associated with virulence (egl) revealed the genetic relationships between 145 representative SWIO strains (geographic diversity + host) and 90 global reference strains. The development and application of MLVA scheme based on 17 variable number of tandem repeat sequences (VNTR) on nearly 1300 strains revealed that phylotype I populations are organized into clonal complexes in SWIO and that the level of genetic diversity is highly contrasted according to the islands, with Mauritius having the highest genetic diversity. This work highlights the deployment of a genetic lineage (Sequevar I-31, STI-13, MT-035), overrepresented in SWIO islands, which could have been introduced via contaminated plant material from South Africa or West Africa. Our preliminary studies show that the main haplotype MT-035 (i) is the probable founding haplotype of the most prevalent clonal complex in SWIO, (ii) has high pathogenicity (wide range of hosts including cultivated plants and weeds, and high aggressiveness on Solanaceae) and (iii) has a strong ability to compete in the environment via the production of bacteriocins. This work will ultimately strengthen epidemiosurveillance and guide control strategies of this plant pathogen, including the deployment of resistant cultivars
Ramos, Patrícia Locosque. "Taxonomia do gênero Stenotrophomonas através de Multi Locus Sequence Analysis (MLSA)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-26012012-170618/.
Full textThe genus Stenotrophomonas is found in the respiratory treatment of patients with chronic pulmonary and also in the rizhosfera of plants. It presents resistance to several antibiotics, promotes the growth of plants and some species present the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen. The Multi Locus Sequence Analysis (MLSA) is a methodology based on constitutive genes for definition and taxonomic allocation of new species. The general objective of the present work was to characterize a wide collection constituted by Stenotrophomonas from isolated endophytic, type and reference strains. In such a way, a system of classification and identification of Stenotrophomonas by means of MLSA was established. It was possible through the MLSA methodology to define 9 new species, to detect the presence of a new genus and to establish an online system for Stenotrophomonas taxonomy.
Rahman, Mohammad Shamsur. "Molecular Characterization of Vibrio spp. in Shellfish using Multilocus Sequence Analysis." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423397.
Full textI prodotti ittici sono la seconda fonte di proteine per l’alimentazione dell'uomo e in alcuni Paesi, quali il Giappone, ne costituiscono la principale fonte. Negli ultimi anni, i batteri marini della flora indigena sono risultati responsabili del 20% delle malattie nell’uomo e del 99% dei decessi derivati dal consumo dei prodotti della pesca. Tra questi, le principali cause di malattie sono da ascrivere ad alcune specie di Vibrionaceae in particolare al genere Vibrio, che possono causare gastroenteriti, soprattutto a seguito di consumo di prodotti crudi o poco cotti, provenienti da mari temperati e caldi. L'identificazione accurata dei batteri appartenenti al genere Vibrio risulta quindi molto importante per valutare i rischi in materia di salute pubblica e per l’identificazione puntuale delle malattie degli organismi acquatici. Risulta quindi necessario sviluppare ed applicare metodi affidabili che possano caratterizzare le specie di vibrioni residenti nei prodotti commercializzati (es. molluschi bivalivi e crostacei). In particolare, i metodi di identificazione basati sull’analisi delle sequenze geniche sono preferibili rispetto ai classici approcci biochimici. In questo studio è stato sviluppato uno schema MLSA Multilocus Sequence Analysis impiegando quattro geni housekeeping (gyrB, pyrH, recA e atpA), tale schema è stato valutato in 3 differenti data set di ceppi (154 isolati da molluschi nel 2007; 92 isolati di crostacei e 22 da molluschi isolati nel 2011) e 29 ceppi di riferimento e Type strain. I concatenameri sono stati utilizzati per le analisi filogenetiche e per gli studi di popolazione dei Vibrio isolati, confrontando al contempo i risultati dell’identificazione di specie con i test biochimici (schema di Alsina) applicati di routine all’identificazione dei Vibrioni. L’analisi della struttura di popolazione mediante il software STRUCTURE e l’analisi filogenetica risultano concordi nell’assegnazione dei principali taxa evidenziando una simile clusterizzazione dei gruppi in sottopopolazioni. Al contrario, il confronto tra la classificazione mediante MLSA e i test biochimici ha evidenziato varie discrepanze tra le quali una sovrastima di ceppi classificati come V. parahaemolyticus e V. vulnificus. Al contempo alcuni ceppi di V. parahaemolyticus sono risultati falsi negativi. Questi riscontri potrebbero indicare una limitazione dell’utilizzo delle prove biochimiche adottate di routine alla classificazione dei Vibrio potenzialmente patogeni per l’uomo e tale riscontro si riflette in un possibile rischio per la salute pubblica. La seconda parte dello studio ha considerato nel dettaglio la caratterizzazione molecolare di V. parahaemolyticus. Questo batterio è oggi un patogeno emergente derivato dal consumo di prodotti ittici, infatti ceppi patogeni di V. parahaemolyticus rappresentano una delle principali cause di gastroenterite di origine alimentare, in particolare in alcuni paesi dell’Asia e negli Stati Uniti. Questo batterio, a causa di mutamenti ambientali e delle abitudini dei consumatori (consumo di prodotti crudi provenienti da aree contaminate) potrebbe rappresentare una problematica igienico sanitaria anche nel Mare Adriatico settentrionale. In questa parte dello studio sono stati esaminati 160 ceppi isolati da 43 campioni di molluschi commestibili campionati tra gennaio e ottobre 2011 e identificati a livello biochimico dal laboratorio di microbiologia dell’Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe). I ceppi sono stati caratterizzati per la presenza dei marker genici specie specifici (toxR e tlh - Vibrio parahaemolyticus) per confermare l'identificazione biochimica e quindi dei geni per i fattori di virulenza (tdh e trh). I ceppi risultati di dubbia o errata identificazione sono stati sottoposti a MLSA (Multilocus Sequence Analysis) valutando la sequenza dei 4 geni housekeeping. Infine tutti i ceppi risultati Vibrio parahaemolyticus (n° 102) sono stati analizzati mediante il protocollo MLST (http://pubmlst.org/vparahaemolyticus/.). Lo schema prevede l’analisi di sequenza di 7 porzioni geniche (dnaE, gyrB, recA, dtdS, pntA, pyrC and tnaA). I concatenameri ottenuti sono stati utilizzati nelle analisi bioinformatiche di popolazione per determinare le relazioni tra i diversi ceppi isolati in questo studio e, in seconda battuta, per evidenziare eventuali collegamenti con ceppi isolati a livello mondiale. Per quanto concerne i fattori di virulenza tutti i ceppi di V. parahaemolyticus sono risultati tdh negativi, mentre 6 ceppi hanno presentato la positività per il gene trh. Nel complesso sono stati identificati 72 profili ST non ridondanti, 63 dei quali di nuova attribuzione rispetto al database on-line. L’analisi clonale dell’intero database ha evidenziato la presenza di 54 gruppi clonali dei quali 17 risultano essere ascritti entro un complesso clonale. Le analisi di popolazione nel loro complesso delineano la presenza di due gruppi principali di V. parahaemolyticus. Dallo studio emerge che, nonostante sia stata riscontrata un’alta percentuale di campioni positivi per V. parahaemolyticus, solo pochi ceppi risultano potenzialmente patogeni per l'uomo. Tuttavia, alcune possibili relazioni genetiche con ceppi isolati da casi di gastroenteriti in varie parti del mondo emergono dallo studio comparativo con il database on-line. La caratterizzazione molecolare potrebbe aiutare a individuare genotipi sospetti e quindi chiarire la dinamica della diffusione di ceppi potenzialmente patogeni.
Gomes, Catarina dos Santos Teles. "Identification and phylogenetic characterization of Ralstonia solanacearum species complex isolates collected in Portugal." Master's thesis, ISA, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/15089.
Full textHelene, Luisa Caroline Ferraz. "Diversidade entre estirpes do gênero Bradyrhizobium avaliada por Multilocus Sequence Analysis (MLSA) e análise polifásica." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências Biológicas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia, 2015. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000201471.
Full textSymbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, also commonly called rhizobia, have great agronomic relevance because they can provide significant amounts of nitrogen to plants and help in the recovery of soils and degraded environments. In recent years, with the advances in molecular techniques, several studies have shown that these bacteria have a high level of genetic diversity, resulting in taxonomic reclassifications and description of new species. Although the 16S ribosomal genes (16S rRNA) are still used in phylogenetic analyses of prokaryotes, their high conservation do not allow to reveal differences between species of several genera, including Bradyrhizobium. Other methodologies such as the MLSA (Multilocus Sequence Analysis) are being used to elucidate these cases, with good results. In this study, 15 strains of Bradyrhizobium without clear taxonomic position were used in studies of phylogeny and taxonomy based on the MLSA technique. Tree housekeeping genes?glnII, gyrB and recA?were sequenced and their sequences were concatenated and used for the construction of a phylogenetic tree. Of the 15 strains, seven grouped with the species Bradyrhizobium pachyrhizi, while the SEMIAS 6159, 6405 and 6408 strains occupied isolated locations, and two groups (SEMIAS 6399 and 6404, and SEMIAS 690, 6387 and 6428) showed no genetic similarity with any described species. These groups deserve more detailed studies, since they have great potential to represent new species. Strains SEMIA 690 (isolated from Centrosema pubescens), SEMIA 6387 and SEMIA 6428, (isolated from Acacia spp.) were selected for a polyphasic study (genetic, phenotypic and phylogenetic analyzes) aimed at the description of a new species. The BOX-PCR profile clustered the strains with more than 73% of similarity, and less than 66% with closer Bradyrhizobium described species. Fatty acids identified as key in SEMIA 690 were summed features 8 and individual fraction C19:0 cycle ?8c. The genomic analysis of ANI (average nucleotide identity) between SEMIA 690 and closer type strains of Bradyrhizobium species was less than 91%. The G + C content from SEMIA 690 was of 63.46%. The phenotypic tests (carbon sources used, morphological characteristics, growth conditions) were congruent among the strains representative of the new putative species. The results confirm that the MLSA technique is efficient for phylogenetic studies of prokaryotes, representing a reliable and fast tool to analyze the diversity of genes and to identify possible new rhizobial species. The results obtained in this study also support the description of a new species of Bradyrhizobium.
Menezes, Cláudia Beatriz Afonso de. "Análise da diversidade genética por MLSA e avaliação da atividade antitumoral de linhagens de Chromobacterium sp." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-17042009-115257/.
Full textThe genetic diversity of strains of Chromobacterium sp was evaluated by Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) based on the analysis of conserved genes rpoA, recA, lepA, gyrB, fusA and rRNA 16S. The analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA gene grouped all isolates in the genus Chromobacterium, however, the five isolates are phylogenetically distant of type strain C. violaceum and C. subtsugae, suggesting new species. The crude extracts of the isolates from Chromobacterium sp., obtained by soxlhlet, evaluated in vitro tests on human tumor cells, showed potential and selective antitumor activities for certain cell lines. In addition, other secondary metabolites than violacein may be related with antitumor activity.
Delamuta, Jakeline Renata Marçon. "Taxonomia e filogenia de estirpes de Bradyrhizobium utilizados em inoculantes comerciais brasileiros pela metodologia de MLSA (Multilocus Sequence Analysis)." Universidade Estadual de Londrina.Centro de Ciências Biológicas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia, 2011. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000164000.
Full textThe genus Bradyrhizobium encompasses a variety of bacteria that can live in symbiosis with plants of the family Leguminosae. Studies with Bradyrhizobium strains have indicated a high genetic diversity, mainly with strains belonging tropical regions. The analysis of the 16S ribosomal gene (16S rRNA) has been the main tool in studies of phylogeny, taxonomy and also diversity of bacteria, but due to the high conservation of the nucleotide sequence, the information obtained may limit the determination of new species, such as occurs in the genus Bradyrhizobium. Thus, MLSA (Multilocus Sequence Analysis) method has been recently proposed as a strategy to determine the diversity in studies of taxonomy and phylogeny of prokaryotes. Previous studies using the 16S rRNA showed high diversity in the Bradyrhizobium strains of this work and the suggestion of the new species has been proposed. Using the MLSA method, the aim of this work was to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic positions of 12 Bradyrhizobium strains. In addition of the 16S rRNA gene, five housekeeping genes (atpD, glnII, gyrB, recA and rpoB) were used in the analysis. The phylogenetic tree resulting from analysis of MLSA divided the strains in two great groups with subgroups well defined, suggesting the description of new species. The first great group included the type strains of B. japonicum, B. liaoningense, B. yuanmingense, B. betae and B. canariense, and the second great group included the type strain of B. elkanii USDA 76T. The greatest variability was observed in the phylogenetic tree of atpD gene, and a third group formed by four strains and B. betae LMG 21987T and B. liaoningense LMG 18230T was observed. The results obtained showed a high genetic diversity of Bradyrhizobium strains used in commercial inoculants in Brazil and confirms the presence of new species. Thus, the MLSA method is a rapid and reliable tool to provide information about phylogenetic relationships and identify Bradyrhizobium strains potentially representative of novel species.
Bautista, Guerrero Hector Hugo. "Phylogenomic study and specific diversity depiction of frankia genus : special focus on non-cultivable strains and ecological implications." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00838567.
Full textMenezes, Cláudia Beatriz Afonso de 1977. "Taxonomia polifásica com ênfase em Multilocus Sequence Analysis (MLSA) e bioprospecção de compostos bioativos de actinomicetos isolados de ambiente marinho." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/316710.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T14:23:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Menezes_ClaudiaBeatrizAfonsode_D.pdf: 13721671 bytes, checksum: f6de614ca80b5ec0d0c5e900e92b347b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015
Resumo: O ambiente marinho representa uma importante fonte de diversidade biológica com grande potencial para descoberta de novos metabólitos secundários biologicamente ativos. Dentro desse ambiente, pode-se destacar os actinomicetos marinhos, cujos estudos podem contribuir para a melhor compreensão de suas funções ecológicas e para seu uso como uma fonte importante de novos metabólitos. A taxonomia dos actinomicetos é bastante complexa e a metodologia de MLSA, ferramenta alternativa em estudos de sistemática microbiana, pode ser uma técnica importante na caracterização de actinomicetos. Novos metabólitos secundários tem sido isolados de actinomicetos marinhos, sendo as atividades antibacteriana e anticâncer as principais descritas,porém pouco se conhece sobre a atividade antiviral deste grupo de micro-organimos. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a diversidade de actinomicetos associados ao ambiente marinho, utilizando uma abordagem polifásica, associada à avaliação das atividades antimicrobiana e antiviral destas bactérias. No total, foram obtidos 579 isolados de bactérias oriundos de macro-organismos marinhos coletados no litoral norte do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Desses, 72 foram identificados por análise de sequência do gene RNA ribossomal 16S, como actinomicetos, e nove isolados foram descritos como novas espécies de actinobactérias pertencentes aos gêneros Gordonia (B204), Marmoricola (B374), Williamsia (B138, B375 e B452), Serinicoccus (B736), Kineococcus (B366), Knoellia (B175) e Janibacter (B742). A caracterização polifásica dessas novas espécies de actinobactérias foi realizada pela técnica de hibridação DNA-DNA, Multilocus Sequence Analysis (MLSA) utilizando genes conservados (rpoB, rpoA, gyrB, recA e trpB), análise de perfil de ácidos graxos e microscopia eletrônica. A caracterização dos isolados foi complementada por testes fisiológicos e quimiotaxonômicos, tais como a determinação do conteúdo de GC, lipídios polares, menaquinonas, testes de utilização de fontes de carbono, atividade enzimática, degradação de compostos e tolerância a antibióticos, pH e temperatura. Quanto ao potencial biotecnológico dos 72 isolados de actinobactérias avaliados, 16 isolados apresentaram potencial antimicrobiano e 13 potencial antiviral. Os extratos dos isolados B175 (CIM = 1 mg/mL), B375 (CIM = 2 mg/mL), B138 (CIM = 1 mg/mL) e B366 (CIM = 2 mg/mL) apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana frente a Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538. O extrato do isolado B374 apresentou atividade antiviral frente ao vírus Metapneumovírus aviário (aMPV), os isolados B366 e B742, frente ao herpes vírus simplex do tipo 1 (HSV-1), os isolados B138 e B452 frente ao vírus Calicivírus Felino (FCV) e o isolado B204 frente ao vírus da diarréia viral bovina (BVDV). A partir deste trabalho, pode-se concluir que existe grande diversidade de micro-organismos marinhos a ser descoberta e explorada, como fonte de novas espécies e compostos com potencial biotecnológico
Abstract: O ambiente marinho representa uma importante fonte de diversidade biológica com grande potencial para descoberta de novos metabólitos secundários biologicamente ativos. Dentro desse ambiente, pode-se destacar os actinomicetos marinhos, cujos estudos podem contribuir para a melhor compreensão de suas funções ecológicas e para seu uso como uma fonte importante de novos metabólitos. A taxonomia dos actinomicetos é bastante complexa e a metodologia de MLSA, ferramenta alternativa em estudos de sistemática microbiana, pode ser uma técnica importante na caracterização de actinomicetos. Novos metabólitos secundários tem sido isolados de actinomicetos marinhos, sendo as atividades antibacteriana e anticâncer as principais descritas,porém pouco se conhece sobre a atividade antiviral deste grupo de micro-organimos. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a diversidade de actinomicetos associados ao ambiente marinho, utilizando uma abordagem polifásica, associada à avaliação das atividades antimicrobiana e antiviral destas bactérias. No total, foram obtidos 579 isolados de bactérias oriundos de macro-organismos marinhos coletados no litoral norte do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Desses, 72 foram identificados por análise de sequência do gene RNA ribossomal 16S, como actinomicetos, e nove isolados foram descritos como novas espécies de actinobactérias pertencentes aos gêneros Gordonia (B204), Marmoricola (B374), Williamsia (B138, B375 e B452), Serinicoccus (B736), Kineococcus (B366), Knoellia (B175) e Janibacter (B742). A caracterização polifásica dessas novas espécies de actinobactérias foi realizada pela técnica de hibridação DNA-DNA, Multilocus Sequence Analysis (MLSA) utilizando genes conservados (rpoB, rpoA, gyrB, recA e trpB), análise de perfil de ácidos graxos e microscopia eletrônica. A caracterização dos isolados foi complementada por testes fisiológicos e quimiotaxonômicos, tais como a determinação do conteúdo de GC, lipídios polares, menaquinonas, testes de utilização de fontes de carbono, atividade enzimática, degradação de compostos e tolerância a antibióticos, pH e temperatura. Quanto ao potencial biotecnológico dos 72 isolados de actinobactérias avaliados, 16 isolados apresentaram potencial antimicrobiano e 13 potencial antiviral. Os extratos dos isolados B175 (CIM = 1 mg/mL), B375 (CIM = 2 mg/mL), B138 (CIM = 1 mg/mL) e B366 (CIM = 2 mg/mL) apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana frente a Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538. O extrato do isolado B374 apresentou atividade antiviral frente ao vírus Metapneumovírus aviário (aMPV), os isolados B366 e B742, frente ao herpes vírus simplex do tipo 1 (HSV-1), os isolados B138 e B452 frente ao vírus Calicivírus Felino (FCV) e o isolado B204 frente ao vírus da diarréia viral bovina (BVDV). A partir deste trabalho, pode-se concluir que existe grande diversidade de micro-organismos marinhos a ser descoberta e explorada, como fonte de novas espécies e compostos com potencial biotecnológico
Doutorado
Microbiologia
Doutora em Genética e Biologia Molecular
Lavezzo, Lígia Carolina. "Caracterização das especies de vibrios isoladas em amostras de água do mar, plâncton e bivalves da zona litorânea do Estado de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-18112015-192329/.
Full textThe aim of this study was to characterize at the molecular level Vibrio species isolated from seawater, plankton, bivalves samples from Canal de São Sebastião (n=78), Baixada Santista (n=37) and Ubatuba (n=17), to analyze antimicrobial susceptibility and the major virulence-associated genes. The results showed ciprofloxacin, meropenem, nalidixic acid sensitivity, ampicillin, and cephalothin resistance, and a significant percentage of multidrug resistance (Ubatuba: 64.7%; Baixada Santista: 48.6%; Canal de São Sebastião: 43%). Four seawater isolates were found positive for the stn/sto virulence gene. MLSA allowed the identification of V.alginolyticus, V.fluvialis, V.campbellii, V.harveyi in Ubatuba; V.fluvialis, V.alginolyticus, V.campbellii, V.rotiferianus, V.harveyi, V.diabolicus, V.atypicus, V.coralliilyticus, V.maritimus, V.parahaemolyticus and V.tubiashii in Canal de São Sebastião, and V.alginolyticus, V.parahaemolyticus, V.rotiferianus, V.campbellii, V.harveyi, V.communis, V.maritimus, V.fluvialis, V.fortis, V.natriegens, and V.navarrensis in Baixada Santista.
Chastagner, Amélie Pierrette. "Etude des cycles épidémiologiques d'Anaplasma phagocytophilum en France : apport des approches de caractérisation génétique." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF22503/document.
Full textA. phagocytophilum, a tick-borne bacterium, is responsible of the granulocytic anaplasmosis, an emerging disease that infects a large range of mammals including humans. Currently, the description of the epidemiological cycles of this bacterium is incomplete. The objective of this thesis was to characterize the genetic diversity of A. phagocytophilum in different host species to determine those involved in the same epidemiological cycle. First, we characterized the genetic diversity of A. phagocytophilum in sick domestic animals with a MLSA. We identified three groups of genotypes infecting cattle, including one group shared with horses and dogs, and another shared with roe deer. Then, we investigated what species of ticks can transmit the bacteria, and what wild mammals could be reservoirs. In Camargue, a genotype with high zoonotic potential was identified in five species of ticks of the genus Rhipicephalus, Dermacentor and Hyalomma. The prevalence in French rodents suggests that they may be reservoir hosts, but the presence of genotypes infecting cattle in rodents must be checked. Finally, comparing the bacterial genotypes in ticks and roe deer by 454 sequencing, showed that the contribution of the roe deer to tick infection was low in the site of “Vallons de Gascogne”. The absence of infected rodents in this location suggests that other reservoir mammals are present. This study demonstrates the complexity of the A. phagocytophilum cycle and the contribution of molecular tools
Pereira, Pâmela Menna. "Taxonomia e diversidade genética de rizóbios microssimbiontes de distintas leguminosas com base na análise polifásica (Box-PCR e 16 S RNAr) e na metodologia de MLSA." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências Biológicas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia, 2008. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000129971.
Full textThe term rhizobia is generically applied to bacteria capable of fixing the atmospheric nitrogen (N2) and converting it to a form assimilable by the plant, when in symbiosis with plants of the Leguminosae family. However, besides their ecological and economic importance, the rhizobia have not been subject of many studies. Based on the data obtained with the 16S ribosomal gene sequences, five rhizobial genera have been described so far, Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Azorhizobium, Sinorhizobium (=Ensifer) and Mesorhizobium, all of them belonging to the alpha subclass of Proteobacteria. In addition, there are other bacteria described recently and also referred as rhizobia, due to be symbiosis of leguminous plants, and that belong to quite different genera, either in the alpha (Devosia, Methylobacterium) or in the beta (Ralstonia, Burkholderia) subclasses. Even though the 16S ribosomal gene is nowadays the molecule more used to estimate the phylogenetics relationships in prokaryotes, the high conservation in the nucleotide sequences of this gene, as observed among the different bacterial groups, is a limitation to its use to species determination. Therefore, several studies have been conducted to determine alternative methodologies to evaluate diversity genetic as well as to rhizobial phylogeny and taxonomy. A methodology widely used in the diversity studies has been the BOX-PCR technique. With this technique it is possible to obtain genomic fingerprints of bacterial strains. More recently, the MLSA (Multi Locus Sequence Analysis) methodology has been proposed as a new strategy to phylogenetic and taxonomic studies in prokaryotes. Due to the high genetic diversity of the tropical rhizobial strains still not well characterized, the aim of this study was to characterize the genetic diversity of rhizobial strains symbionts of several tropical leguminous plants of environmental and agricultural importance. Also, we have evaluated the potential utility of using the BOX-PCR and the MLSA technology in diversity, phylogeny and taxonomy studies. In a first study, the analysis of the dendrograma resulting from the BOXPCR of 68 SEMIAs isolated from 47 distinct legumes was possible to observe a low correlation (7, 6%) to the phylogenetic tree based in the 16S ribosomal gene sequences. However, when the polyphasic analysis using the BOX-PCR and the 16S ribosomal genesequences was used at a proportion of 2:8 (proportion for the relative weight of each analysis), it was possible to observe clusters with high similarities (90%) to the taxonomic groups obtained with the phylogenetic trees based in the 16S ribosomal gene sequences. In a second study using the MLSA methodology with the genes 16S RNAr, atpD, dnaK, glnII, recA and the ITS region in a collection of 169 Bradyrhizobium isolated of 43 distinct legumes, was possible to observe a division of the strains into two well defined clusters, where the first cluster included the type strains from B. japonicum, B. betae, B. liaoningense, B. canariense, B. yuanmingense and the B. japonicum USDA 110 strain, and the second cluster included the strains related to the B. elkanii USDA 76T. A high variability was observed among the atpD gene sequences analyzed, and five strains related to B. elkanii showed variability to this gene not detected before. Another important observation was that the cluster composed by the strains USDA 110, SEMIA 5080 and 6059, all isolated from soybean, were always clustered in all trees obtained from the six different housekeeping gene sequences analyzed. Also, these strains were always distinct from the cluster containing the B.japonicum USDA 6T. Therefore, it was observed that the polyphasic analysis, using the BOXPCRand the 16S ribosomal gene sequences, and the MLSA technique, allowed to access the genetic diversity as well as to infer the phylogenetic relationships of the rhizobia strains analyzed and also to identify possible new species of rhizobia.
N'Zoué, Affoué Angèle. "Diversité génétique et fonctionnelle des souches de Bradyrhizobium impliquées dans les cultures mixtes niébé-soja-arachide/céréales (maïs) en Côte d’ivoire : approche méthodologique par analyse multi-locus (MLSA) : étude des effets PGPR sur le maïs." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20221.
Full textBacteria of the genus Bradyrhizobium fix nitrogen in symbiosis with legumes. In Côte d'Ivoire, mixed-cropping systems associating cowpea, groundnut, soybean and maize are practiced in agriculture. The aim of this PhD was to describe the genetic and functional diversity of legume symbionts found in these mixed-cropping systems, and their PGPR effects on maize. First we developed a Multi-Locus Sequence Analysis (on 9 conserved genes) on a collection of reference strains (from Aeschynomene) to detect most informative genes for Bradyrhizobium classification. Three gene-loci dnaK, glnB and recA congruent among each other and with previous taxonomic data, were chosen to study the genetic diversity of two collections of strains derived from mixed cereal/legume crops in Côte d'Ivoire and from soybean in India. Symbiotic properties of isolates from Côte d'Ivoire were analyzed in detail, revealing a large functional diversity in terms of plant host range (cowpea, groundnut and soybean) with variable efficiency according to strains. Several efficient strains on legumes also showed plant growth promotion (PGP) on traditional maize varieties from Côte d'Ivoire, demonstrating tripartite rhizobium-legume-cereal interactions. Microscopic observation using GUS and GFP-labeled bacteria evidenced the endophytic status of several strains on maize. Some of the known characteristics of PGP effect were found in several strains (siderophores, ammonium production, pectinase, cellulase). These strains are promising models in fundamental research and could have beneficial applications for agriculture in Africa
Costa, Natália Silva da. "Análise do polimorfismo numérico de sequências repetitivas em múltiplos loci (MLVA) como instrumentos de avaliação da diversidade genética de Streptococcus pneumoniae do sorotipo 14." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6065.
Full textStreptococcus pneumoniae é um importante agente etiológico de infecções invasivas e não invasivas, incluindo meningite, pneumonia e otite média. A cápsula polissacarídica é o principal fator de virulência desse microrganismo, sendo também considerada um importante marcador em estudos epidemiológicos. Dentre os mais de 90 tipos capsulares conhecidos, o sorotipo 14 se destaca pela prevalência elevada em várias regiões, inclusive no Brasil. A avaliação da diversidade genética desse microrganismo também inclui a aplicação de métodos moleculares, como PFGE e MLST. Entretanto, essas metodologias são relativamente onerosas, consomem muito tempo e os resultados obtidos com a técnica de PFGE são de difícil comparação entre diferentes laboratórios. A técnica de análise do polimorfismo numérico de segmentos repetitivos em múltiplos loci [MLVA, do inglês Multiple Loci VTNR (Variable-Number Tandem Repeat) Analysis] se apresenta como uma alternativa, embora ainda necessite de padronização e avaliação mais ampla para a espécie em questão. No presente estudo, 60 amostras de Streptococcus pneumoniae pertencentes ao sorotipo 14, isoladas de diversas fontes clínicas, em diferentes locais e períodos de tempo, foram caracterizadas pelas técnicas de MLVA (baseada na análise de 18 loci distintos), MLST, PFGE e tipagem do gene pspA. O gene pspA2 predominou entre as amostras analisadas, seguido pelo gene pspA1. Os tipos de MLVA, perfis de PFGE, e STs encontrados apresentaram resultados, em geral, concordantes, indicando o elevado poder discriminatório da versão da técnica de MLVA empregada. Cinco complexos clonais (CC) de MLVA e cinco singletons puderam ser definidos. O CC de MLVA denominado de L7 foi o predominante, compreendendo 36,7% da amostragem estudada. O CC L7 mostrou-se relacionado com genes pspA da família 2, com o CC1 de MLST, com o CC Pen14-H de PFGE, e com a não susceptibilidade à penicilina, Entre os complexos clonais de MLST, o CC1 foi o prevalente e incluiu predominantemente o ST156, pertencente ao clone internacional Spain9V-3. O CC L3 e o singleton L17 de MLVA apresentaram-se associados ao CC de PFGE Eri14-A, a família 1 de PspA e ao CC2 de MLST, que por sua vez também estava relacionado com o clone internacional England14-9. O CC L15 de MLVA esteve associado ao CC de PFGE Pen14-A, ao gene pspA2, aos CC3 e CC4 de MLST e ao clone internacional do PMEN Tennessee14-18. A técnica de MLVA revelou-se significativamente mais discriminatória que as técnicas de PFGE e MLST, conforme exemplificado pela detecção de 21 perfis de MLVA, 13 perfis de PFGE e cinco STs, entre as 22 amostras pertencentes ao CC de MLVA L7. Uma versão de MLVA, compreendendo um painel com os oito loci de maior poder discriminatório, pôde ser proposta a partir da análise dos resultados obtidos. Estes aspectos, aliados ao menor tempo e custo de execução, indicam que a técnica de MLVA constitui uma alternativa importante e satisfatória para uso em estudos sobre a diversidade genética de S. pneumoniae.
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major pathogen causing invasive and non-invasive diseases in humans, including meningitis, pneumonia and otitis media. The polysaccharide capsule of this microorganism is considered a major virulence factor and an important marker for epidemiological studies. More than 90 pneumococcal capsular serotypes are recognized, and serotype 14 is highly prevalent in many regions, including Brazil. Genotyping methods, such as PFGE and MLST, are essential to evaluate genetic diversity of this bacterium. However, these methods are expensive, time-consuming and results from different laboratories are difficult to compare. Multiple Loci VTNR (Variable-Number Tandem Repeat) Analysis (MLVA) appears as an alternative, despite the fact that standardization and wide evaluation for application to this species is still required. In the present study, a total of 60 S. pneumoniae isolates belonging to serotype 14, isolated from different sources, regions and periods of time, were analyzed by MLVA (based on the analysis of 18 distinct loci), MLST, PFGE and pspA typing methods. Gene pspA2 was the predominant, followed by pspA1. Overall, the results of PFGE, MLST and MLVA typing were congruent, and indicated the discriminatory power of the MLVA method used. Five clonal complexes (CC) and five singletons were identified by MLVA. CC L7 was the predominant MLVA CC, comprising 36.7% of all the isolates. L7 was associated with pspA2 gene and non-susceptibility to penicillin, and it was related to MLST CC1, and to PFGE Pen14-H. CC1 was the prevalent MLST CC and included mostly ST156 that belongs to international clone (IC) Spain9V-3. Another MLVA CC, named L3, and the singleton L17 were related to PFGE CC Eri14-A, MLST CC2, and IC England14-9. MLVA CC L15 was related to PFGE Pen14-A, MLST CC3 and CC4, and IC Tennessee14-18. MLVA was found to be more discriminatory than PFGE and MLST, as exemplified by detection of 21 MLVA types, 13 PFGE profiles and 5 STs among the 22 strains belonging to L7, the predominant MLVA CC. A modified version of the MLVA method, based on the analysis of 8 loci only, is proposed. This aspect, in conjunction with reducing time and costs, indicate that MLVA represents an important and satisfactory alternative method to evaluate the genetic diversity of S. pneumoniae.
Hamza, Abdou Azali. "Taxonomie et diagnostic des espèces de Xanthomonas associées à la gale bactérienne de la tomate et des Capsicum spp. : situation dans les Îles du Sud Ouest de l'océan Indien." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00819814.
Full textCostechareyre, Denis. "Contribution à la définition de l'espèce génomique chez les bactéries par MLSA et détermination du rôle de l'isolement sexuel dans la cohérence des espèces : exploration aux "bornes" de l'espèce dans le complexe d'espèces génomiques "Agrobacterium tumefaciens"." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10131.
Full textHart, Brian. "MLSE diversity receiver structures." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6033.
Full textRayner, Rachael E. "Investigating the population structure of Queensland invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in children: Using a modified multi-locus variable number of tandem repeat analysis and a novel minimum SNPs capsular typing method." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/87096/1/Rachael_Rayner_Thesis.pdf.
Full textDiBenedetto, Michael F. "Citing criteria for the microwave landing system (MLS) MLS/ILS collocation and runway hump shadowing." Ohio : Ohio University, 1988. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1182785020.
Full textDiBenedetto, Michael F. "Siting criteria for the microwave landing system (MLS): MLS/ILS collocation and runway hump shadowing." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1182785020.
Full textCovre, Marcos Ricardo. "Redução de estados em receptores MLSE para comunicações ópticas." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/259807.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
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Resumo: Sistemas ópticos são afetados pelas dispersões cromática e de modo de polarização que causam interferência intersimbólica. Para mitigar essas dispersões é utilizado um receptor de sequência de máxima verossimilhança, com uma métrica subótima adequada para esse sistema. Nesta dissertação uma técnica de redução de estados da treliça do algoritmo de Viterbi é descrita e adaptada para um sistema óptico de modulação por intensidade e detecção direta. A métrica é adaptada para compensar o efeito da redução de estados pela técnica de delayed-decision feedback sequence estimation. Resultados são apresentados em sistemas com dispersão cromática e de modo de polarização
Abstract: Optical systems are affected by chromatic and polarization mode dispersion causing intersymbol interference. To mitigate these dispersions a maximumlikelihood sequence estimation receiver is used, with an appropriate suboptimal metric for this system. In this thesis a technique for reducing the number of states of the trellis of the Viterbi algorithm is described and adapted to an optical intensity modulation and direct detection. The metric is adapted to compensate for the effect of reducing the number of states by the technique of delayed-decision feedback sequence estimation. Results are presented for a system with chromatic and polarization mode dispersions
Mestrado
Telecomunicações e Telemática
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
Farrow, Kylie Ann 1973. "Analysis of clostridial MLS resistance determinants." Monash University, Dept. of Microbiology, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8319.
Full textChopra, Virinder Kumar. "Legislators in India : a comparison of MLAs in five states." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1994. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2087/.
Full textÓ, Vivian Tragante do. "Análise por MLPA das regiões subteloméricas de pacientes com Holoprosencefalia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/61/61132/tde-09012015-120002/.
Full textIntroduction: Holoprosencephaly (HPE), a craniofacial malformation, results from flaws in formation process of the nervous system during embryonic development. The etiology is heterogeneous and complex, involving environmental and genetic factors. Recent studies suggest that subtelomeric aberrations could be an etiological factor to the onset of HPE. Objectives: Investigate possible changes (microdeletions/duplications) in subtelomeric regions in individuals diagnosed with HPE. Methodology: Genetic evaluation of 25 DNA samples from individuals enrolled at HRAC-USP, diagnosed with HPE (performed by Syndromology Division HRAC/USP) by MLPA technique, as proposed by Schouten et al (2002). Patients were previously screened for mutations/deletions in HPE candidate genes (SHH ZIC2, TGIF, GLI2 and PTCH1) by direct Sanger sequencing and MLPA technique, without any match. Analyses were performed at the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, HRAC-USP. Results: Among the 25 individuals analyzed, the predominant phenotype was HPE microform. The main clinical findings of the study sample were: hypotelorism, microcephaly, and cleft lip/palate (100%); flat nose (84%); presence of a single central incisor (24%) and low nasal bridge (64%). Four patients had CNS commitment (16%). No subtelomeric mutations were found in our sample, such as microdeletions/duplications of genes analyzed by MLPA technique. Thus, they remain without defined genetic diagnosis. Discussion: Subtelomeric changes were not found, suggesting that the predominant sample phenotype, microform HPE, could not be related with subtelomeric changes associated to the disease outbreak. However, it should be noted that the sample universe is relatively small, so this may not be a true example of HPE microform cases. It should also be reinforced the wide variety of factors involved in the onset of this pathology, as well as the involvement of other genes not yet established and environmental causes, not completely understood. Conclusions: No subtelomeric mutations were found in the HPE individuals studied. MLPA technique consists in a rapid, sensitive and cost effective methodology, when compared to other techniques being suitable for use in genetic diagnostic laboratories, since several studies have shown that consists of a reliable method of diagnosis. Due to the relatively small sample size used in this study, and even inconsistent data in literature, further studies are needed to make it possible to perform a differential diagnosis, explaining the wide phenotypic spectrum observed in this disease, as suggested by the multiple hit hypothesis.
Khasawneh, Samer. "A Web-based Lessons Authoring System for Mathematics Education (MLAS)." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1343047538.
Full textPrezotto, Leandro Fontes. "Tipificação de linhagens de Wolbachia do complexo Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) da região neotropical por análise de locos múltiplos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41131/tde-23072013-145455/.
Full textWolbachia is an intracellular bacteria found in somatic and in the reproductive tissues of various arthropods and nematodes. Phylogenetic studies based on 16S and ftsZ genes indicated the existence of six Wolbachia taxonomic supergroups (\"A\" through \"F\"). Infection of Wolbachia have been linked to several changes in the reproduction of their hosts, like cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), parthenogenesis, feminization of genetic males and male killing. T Wolbachia infection has been described in several species of fruit flies of the family Tephritidae, like Bactrocera ascita, Rhagoletis cerasi, Ceratitis capitata, in which the bacteria induces cytoplasmic incompatibility. In Anastrepha, endemic to the American Continent, Wolbachia infection has been described in several species by analysis of the wsp gene, and there is also indications that Wolbachia-mediated CI occurs in two species of the fraterculus group. The occurrence of CI coupled with the suggestion of the use of Wolbachia in population supression programs, impose the need for a more precise characterization of the different strains of Wolbachia. The identification of the different strains of the bacteria is most accurate when the methodology of multiple loci (MLST) is applied. In this study fragments of genes gatB, coxA, hcpA, ftsZ and fbpA, integrating the methodology MLST, and of wsp gene were amplified and sequenced. Population samples of the Anastrepha fraterculus.complex of cryptic species from Brasil, Argentina, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Guatemala and Mexico, and samples of A. oblique from Basil were analysed. All samples were infected with supergroup \"A\" Wolbachia. For each of the five MLST genes, unique as well already known haplotypes were found. Phylogenetic analyses of each gene isolated showed incongruences in the relationships among haplotypes and population samples. The concatenated sequences of the five genes, with 2079 bp, were analyzed and 20 haplotypes were found, with distances ranging from 0.001 to 0.058. Phylogenetic analysis of Wolbachia isolated haplotypes into distinct clades, demonstrating that different strains of Wolbachia were present in these hosts, and in distinct geographic areas. Hosts specific haplotypes were found as well as more than one strain of Wolbachia was found in given population samples. A haplotypes (ST1) was detected in two species of the complex and is also the most commonly found in different organisms. Twenty two different sequences of about 500 bp were found for the wsp gene. The level of nucleotide variability is not uniform along the gene, forming a pattern with four hypervariable regions, HVRs. Genetic distances between haplotypes showed a variation from 0.001 to 0.235. Phylogenetic analysis of the haplotypes also isolated Wolbachia into distinct clades, but in contrast to the MLST, the tree formed by wsp gene does not support the monophily of some groups. The data show that strains of Wolbachia are disseminated along the American Continent, and also that there are specific strains in determined geographic areas. Analyses of ovaries and testes from infected and non infected (cured by heat treatment) individuals of A. sp. 1 and A. obliqua were made in search of possible effects of Wolbachia on its hosts. Ovaries from infected and cured females of both species, stained by DAPI, showed no visible differences in this morphological analysis. The production of sperms increases during few days after ermergence and drops out later one. Analysis of infected and cured males showed that the production of sperms were not significant between them, for both the host species. Fecundity of infected females of A, sp.1 was significantly higher than that of cured females, but was similar in A. obliqua, Egg hatching was scored in compatible intraspecies crosses and also in incompatibles crosses, of both species. Fertility was significntly higher for infected females of both species. Infected males of both species were found associated to crosses in which the higher egg hatching was observed. Analyses of incompatible crosses showed that CI occurred at high rates in A. sp.1 (CI = 54.01%) and in A. obliqua (CI = 66.2%). The data suggest that an incipient mutualism may be present in the relationships of Wolbachia and its Anastrepha hosts
Bouchouicha, Rim. "Etudes épidémiologique et phylogénétique chez Bartonella henselae par la technique MLVA." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00591060.
Full textZhou, Li. "Low Complexity PSP-MLSE receiver for H-CPM with receive diversity." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4455.
Full textKERVADEC, DOMINIQUE. "Comportement en fluage sous flexion et microstructure d'un sic-mlas 1d." Caen, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992CAEN2057.
Full textSilva, Ketrin Cristina da. "Caracterização molecular de plasmídeos carreadores de genes codificadores de beta-lactamases de espectro estendido em Enterobactereaceas isoladas de suínos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-03062016-151301/.
Full textExtended-spectrum beta-lactamase production (ESBL) became a great challenge regarding public health because limit the therapeutic options to treat infections by gram-negative bacteria. The aim of this study were evaluate the occurrence of ESBL producers in Brazilian swine farms and characterize blaESBL-carrying plasmids by sizing and incompatibility group and presence of additional resistance genes. Strains were isolated in MacConkey agar and identified by Maldi-Tof. Next, the minimal inhibitory concentration values were determined by microdilution and/or agar dilution to aminoglycosides, carbapenems, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, sulfas and cephalosporin/inhibitors association. Betalactamase encoding genes, plasmid incompatibility group and Escherichia coli phylogenetic group were determined by PCR. Clonal relatedness was evaluated by ERIC-PCR and MLST. Finally, the blaCTX-M-15 genetic environment was determined by PCR and/or sequencing and blaESBL-carrying plasmids transferred to E. coli TOP10 and C600 receptor strains by transformation and conjugation, respectively, and partially sequenced. CTX-M-2-producing E. coli were the most prevalent phenotype, which were endemic in Minas Gerais State. Moreover, the CTX-M-15 enzyme emerged among E. coli (ST224, ST410, ST1284), Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae e Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ST3201) strains. The blaCTX-M-15 was associated with IncF plasmids, which were successfully transferred to E.coli TOP10, similarly, IncF plasmids were found harboring the blaCTX-M-2. The blaCTX-M-8, detected in four novel E. coli sequence types (ST5845, ST5847, ST5848 e ST5350), was not acquired by receptor strains. Thus, the surveillance of resistant phenotypes in swine production must be established as a priority as well as narrow spectrum antimicrobials prescription antimicrobial instead broad spectrum to prevent the dissemination of these phenotypes in farms and their transmission to human population.
Silva, Keila de Cássia Ferreira de Almeida. "Caracterização de Pseudomonas aeruginosa encontradas colonizando e/ou infectando pacientes queimados internados em um hospital público da cidade do Rio de Janeiro." Niterói, 2017. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/3038.
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa é um dos principais patógenos causadores de infecções graves em pacientes queimados, estando associado a elevadas taxas de mortalidade e morbidade. A alta plasticidade de seu genoma confere a este microrganismo a capacidade de tornar-se multirresistente a antimicrobianos, dificultando o tratamento devido à redução de opções terapêuticas. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar 35 cepas de P. aeruginosa isoladas de pacientes queimados e da mesa onde era realizada a balneoterapia em um centro de tratamento de queimados (CTQ), determinando o perfil de resistência aos antimicrobianos, os fatores genéticos relacionados à virulência e resistência antimicrobiana, a capacidade de produzir biofilme e ação de biocidas sobre o mesmo, além de realizar tipificação molecular das cepas envolvidas. A suscetibilidade antimicrobiana foi verificada utilizando o método de disco-difusão, segundo os critérios do Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). A pesquisa de genes de resistência que codificassem β-lactamases (blaPER-1, blaCTX-M, blaOXA-10, blaGES-1, blaVIM, blaIMP, blaSPM-1, blaKPC, blaNDM e blaSIM) e dos genes de virulência exoS e exoU, foi realizada através da técnica de Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). O teste fenotípico Carba NP, foi utilizado com a finalidade de detectar atividade hidrolítica enzimática à carbapenemas. A capacidade de formação de biofilme foi avaliada em placa para microtitulação e em cupom de aço inoxidável, sendo este último utilizado para verificar a eficácia de três agentes biocidas (hipoclorito de sódio 1%, peróxido de hidrogênio 5% e clorexidina 4%) na remoção dos biofilmes formados. As cepas foram tipificadas através da técnica de Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST). De acordo com o teste de suscetibilidade antimicrobiana, foi observado um elevado padrão de resistência, com 71,5% (25/35) das cepas sendo resistentes a multidrogas (MDR). O maior percentual de resistência foi para o ciprofloxacino (94,3%; 33/35), seguido da gentamicina (88,6%; 31/35). Também foi observada resistência aos β-lactâmicos, inclusive à carbapenemas (22,9%; 8/35). Com relação aos genes de resistência pesquisados foi encontrado em 34,3% (12/35) das cepas o blaGES-1 e em uma única cepa o blaCTX-M. Nenhum gene codificador de carbapenemases pesquisado foi encontrado. Da mesma forma, nenhuma atividade hidrolítica enzimática ao imipenem foi detectada através do teste Carba NP, sugerindo que outros mecanismos de resistência possam estar envolvidos, como superexpressão de bomba e perda de porina de membrana externa (OprD). O gene de virulência exoS foi o mais prevalente estando presente em 71,4% (25/35) das cepas, enquanto o gene exoU foi detectado em 14,3% (5/35), porém todas as cepas que abrigavam este gene eram carbapenemas resistentes. Onze (31,4%) das 35 cepas, foram formadoras de biofilme utilizando a placa de microtitulação, sendo estas em sua maioria (81,8%) pertencentes ao clone A (obtido através de tipificação por PFGE em estudo prévio), o qual era o mais prevalente infectando/colonizando pacientes e contaminando a mesa de balneoterapia. A remoção do biofilme formado em superfície de cupom de aço inoxidável foi eficaz para os três biocidas testados (hipoclorito de sódio 1%, peróxido de hidrogênio 5% e clorexidina 4%), não havendo contagem de células viáveis das cepas analisadas após contato com os mesmos. A tipificação por MLST originou dois tipos de sequenciamentos novos, ST2236 e ST2237. Conclui-se com este estudo, que a redução de opções terapêuticas associada à presença de genes de virulência, pode agravar a situação destes pacientes. Assim como a presença de genes como blaGES-1 e blaCTX-M é preocupante, pois podem ser difundidas entre as demais cepas por transmissão horizontal, se não houver um controle adequado. Entretanto, o teste de remoção dos biofilmes mostrou que se a desinfecção for realizada de maneira correta, a contaminação cruzada entre pacientes pode ser evitada.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is major causative pathogens of serious infections in burn patients and is associated with high mortality and morbidity rates. The high plasticity of its genome confers to this organism the ability to become multiresistant to antibiotics, difficulting the threathment due to reduced therapeutic options. This study aimed to analyze 35 strains of P. aeruginosa isolated from burn patients and the tank where balneotherapy was held in a burn treatment center (BTC), determining the resistance profile to antimicrobial agents, genetic factors related to virulence and antimicrobial resistance, the ability to produce biofilms and biocide action thereon and perform molecular typing of the strains involved. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed using the disk diffusion method, according to the criteria of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The research for resistance genes encoding β-lactamases (blaPER-1, blaCTX-M, blaOXA-10, blaGES-1, blaVIM, blaIMP, blaSPM-1, blaKPC, blaNDM and blaSIM) and the virulence genes exoS and exoU was performed using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The phenotypic test Carba NP, was used in order to detect enzymatic hydrolytic activity to carbapenems. Biofilm formation ability was evaluated through plate for microtitration and stainless steel coupon, the latter being used to verify the efficacy of three biocides (sodium hypochlorite 1%, hydrogen peroxide 5% and chlorhexidine 4%) to remove formed biofilms. The strains were typed by Multilocus Sequence Typing technique (MLST). According to the antimicrobial susceptibility test, a high resistance pattern was observed in which 71.5% (25/35) of strains were multidrug resistant (MDR). The highest percentage of resistance was to ciprofloxacin (94.3%; 33/35), followed by gentamicin (88.6%; 31/35). It was also observed resistance to β-lactams antibiotics, including the carbapenems (22.9%; 8/35). Regarding the resistance genes investigated were found the blaGES-1 in 34,3% (12/35) of the strains and the blaCTX-M in a single strain. None of the searched genes encoding carbapenemases was found. Similarly, no enzymatic hydrolytic activity to imipenem was detected by Carba NP test, suggesting that other resistance mechanisms may be involved, such as pump over expression and loss of outer membrane porin (OprD). The exoS virulence gen was the most prevalent being present in 71.4% (25/35) of the strains, while exoU was detected in 14.3% (5/35), however all strains that harbored this gene were carbapenems resistant. Eleven (31.4%) of 35 isolates were biofilm formers using the plate for microtitration, which mostly (81.8%) belonging to clone A (obtained in a previous study by PFGE) that was the most prevalent infecting/ colonizing patients and contaminating balneotherapy tank. Removal of biofilm formed in stainless steel coupon surface was effective for all three biocides tested (sodium hypochlorite 1%, hydrogen peroxide 5% and chlorhexidine 4%), with no viable cell count after contact with biocides solutions. The MLST originated two new sequencing types, ST2236 and ST2237. It is concluded from this study that the reduction of therapeutic options associated with the presence of virulence genes, can aggravate the situation of these patients. As well as the presence of genes as blaGES-1 and blaCTX-M is worrying as they may be spread among the other strains by horizontal transmission, if there is no adequate control. However, the removal test of biofilms showed that, if the disinfection is carried out in a correct way, cross-contamination between patients can be avoided.
Sacramento, Andrey Guimarães. "Caracterização molecular de Enterococcus spp. resistentes à vancomicina em amostras clínicas, ambientes aquáticos e alimentos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9136/tde-09112015-155733/.
Full textEnterococci are ubiquitous in the environment and in the intestinal tract of humans and animals. The importance of these bacteria has been associated with nosocomial infection and multiple resistance to antimicrobial agents, mainly vancomycin. The aim of the present study was to perform molecular characterization of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. strains (VRE) isolated from hospitalized patients, surface water of urban rivers and retail chicken meat in Brazil. The presence of the vanA gene was confirmed in 20 multidrug-resistant strains isolated in 1997-2011. Among these VRE isolates, (n = 12) were identified as E. faecium and (n = 8) as E. faecalis. E. faecium strains isolated from water and clinical samples were classified as clonally related by PFGE, the predominant virulence profile being (acm+, esp+). Additionally, while E. faecium strains isolated from rivers belonging to ST203, ST412 and ST478 (previously characterized as endemic in Brazilian hospitals), new STs were identified among strains of E. faecalis (ST614, ST615 and ST616) and E. faecium (ST953 and ST954) isolated from food. Complete sequences of transposon Tn1546 from VREfm clinical strain 320/07 (ST478) and environmental strain VREfm 11 (ST412) showed a Tn1546-like element of ~12800 bp, with T7698C vanA and G8234T vanX mutations. Moreover, deletion of the Tn1546 left extremity, and the IS1251 and IS1216E sequence inside the vanHS and vanYX intergenic region, respectively, were also detected. In this regard, the IS1216E sequence inside the vanXY intergenic region constitutes a gene array previously reported for Brazilian VREfm clinical strains alone, denoting a regional characteristic. IS1216E has been associated with tcrB and aadE genes, which confer resistance to copper and aminoglycosides, in E. faecium and Streptococcus agalactiae, respectively. Therefore, IS1216E should contribute to rapid acquisition of antimicrobial resistance among species of the clinically important Gram-positive cocci. On the other hand, Tn1546-like elements were identical among clinical and environmental VREfm isolates, suggesting sharing of a common vancomycin resistance gene pool.
Thickett, Kathleen Mary. "Towards developing a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme for Burkholderia cepacia complex." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403134.
Full textLindberg, Magdalena. "Utökning av panelför multiplex RT-MLPA av singel celler för prostatacancer diagnostik." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för bioteknologi (BIO), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-173122.
Full textProstatacancer är den vanligaste cancerformen hos män. Att räkna antal cirkulerade tumörceller (CTCer) i blodet är ett bra verktyg för att undersöka hur sjukdomen fortlöper och hur den svarar på behandling. CTCer är enskilda celler som brutit sig loss från originaltrumören och sprids i kroppen genom blodsystemet. I det här examensarbetet analyseras en panel bestående av 16 gener med hjälp av Reverse Transcriptase Multiplexed Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (RT-MLPA). Metoden bygger på att genspecifika primrar används för att syntetisera cDNA från mRNA. MLPA-prober hybridisear sedan till det amplifierade cDNAt. MLPA prober som hybridiserat korrekt ligeras och amplifieras och den relativa uttrycksnivåerna kan beräknas. Ytterligare en MLPA-probe designades för att passa in i den existerande blandningen av MLPA-prober. Resultaten viar att alla MLPA-prober ger produkter då en syntetisk DNA-templat blandning med lika koncentrationer används. Resultaten från total-RNA från cellinjer visar att omvandlingen och amplifieringen av mRNA till cDNA måste optimeras. När hela protokollet fungerar är det möjligt att undersöka genuttrycken i CTCer vilket kan underlätta förståelsen för utveckling och spridning av prostatacancer i kroppen.
Nascimento, Juliana Minuncio. "Análise do perfil de mutações driver por MLPA em pacientes com Mielofibrose." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2017. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/31249.
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A Mielofibrose é a mais rara e severa das Neoplasias Mieloproliferativas Crônicas Philadelphia negativas. Caracteriza-se por fibrose medular, hematopoese extramedular e expressão anormal de citocinas inflamatórias, que resultam em citopenias, organomegalias, sintomas constitucionais, eventos trombohemorrágicos e evolução para Leucemia Aguda. Pode ocorrer de novo ou pós Policitemia Vera ou Trombocitemia Essencial, a partir da expansão clonal de uma célula tronco hematopoética desencadeada por uma mutação somática envolvendo os genes JAK2, CALR ou MPL, combinada a desregulação dos nichos hematopoéticos, a mutações e a anomalias citogenéticas adicionais. Este estudo visou caracterizar o perfil de mutações driver de portadores de Mielofibrose primária e secundária acompanhados em um serviço público terciário de Hematologia, e correlacionar este perfil aos desfechos clínicos dos doentes. A pesquisa das mutações JAK2 V617F (éxon 14) e éxon 12, CALR c.1092_1143del52 e c.1154_1155insTTGTC (éxon 9) e MPL W515K e W515L foi realizada em 31 indivíduos por meio da técnica de MLPA, método de análise de DNA que permite a pesquisa simultânea de diferentes mutações, em diferentes amostras. A mutação JAK2V617F foi encontrada em 48,4% dos pacientes, mutações indel do éxon 9 da CALR em 38,7% (em 66,7% destes a mutação del52, e em 33,3% a mutação insTTGTC), e a mutação MPL W515L em 3,2% dos pacientes. 9,7% dos pacientes eram triplo-negativos. Os pacientes com JAK2 mutada eram mais idosos, com menor grau de anemia e maior frequência de leucocitose, enquanto os portadores de mutações da CALR apresentavam menor frequência de leucocitose e plaquetopenia. Os indivíduos triplo-negativos apresentaram a menor mediana de idade ao diagnóstico (49,3 anos) e fenótipo de falência medular semelhante a Síndrome Mielodisplásica. A estratificação de risco por DIPSS foi semelhante à relatada em outros centros. O tempo mediano de acompanhamento foi de 32 meses (variando de 10 meses a 13 anos), sendo registrados fenômenos tromboembólicos em 19,3% e evolução para LMA em 6,4% dos pacientes. A taxa de mortalidade foi de 29%, e a sobrevida média após o diagnóstico foi de 68,3 meses. Os indivíduos com mutação da CALR apresentaram maior sobrevida média. A mediana de sobrevida de acordo com o DIPSS foi superior à prevista pelo modelo prognóstico, possivelmente pela maior frequência de mutações da CALR observada nesta população. Maior tempo de seguimento e inclusão de novos pacientes são necessários para melhor avaliação de desfechos e confirmação da maior prevalência de mutações da CALR. A pesquisa de mutações driver é essencial para sustentação diagnóstica, define subgrupos de doentes com características clínicas peculiares e, aliada a pesquisa de mutações colaborativas, tem impacto prognóstico. O complexo panorama genético envolvido na iniciação e progressão das NMP, especialmente a Mielofibrose, instiga a adoção de modelos integrativos de estratificação prognóstica. Neste cenário, o MLPA é uma potente ferramenta para estudo molecular, e um promissor aliado na caracterização das NMP.
Myelofibrosis is the rarest and most severe Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm and can present de novo or post Polycythemia Vera or Essential Thrombocythemia. It is characterized by bone marrow fibrosis, extramedullary hematopoiesis and abnormal expression of inflammatory cytokines, which result in cytopenias, organomegaly, constitutional symptoms, thrombohemorrhagic events and progression to Acute Leukemia. The disease arises from clonal expansion of a single hematopoietic stem cell (HSC), driven by a somatic mutation of JAK2, CALR or MPL genes combined with dysregulation of hematopoietic microenvironment, additional mutations and cytogenetic abnormalities. This study aimed to assess driver mutations status in patients with primary and secondary myelofibrosis accompanied at a tertiary Brazilian public hospital, and to correlate their mutational profile with clinical outcomes. The search for JAK2V617F, exon 12 JAK2, calreticulin exon 9 c.1092_1143del52 and c.1154_1155insTTGT, MPLW515K and MPLW515L mutations was performed in 31 subjects using MLPA technique, a method of DNA analysis that allows simultaneous appraisal of different mutations in multiple samples. JAK2V617F mutation was found in 48.4% of patients, indel CALR mutations in 38.7% of patients (of these, 66.7% harbored del52 bp, 33.3% harbored insTTGTC), MPL W515L in 3.2% of patients and 9.7% of patients were triple-negative. Patients with mutated JAK2 were older, with minor degree of anemia and more leukocytosis, whereas those with CALR mutations had less frequency of leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia. Triple-negative subjects displayed the lowest median age at diagnosis (49.3 years), and bone marrow failure phenotype, similar to Myelodysplastic Syndrome. Risk stratification provided by DIPSS was similar to other centers. Median follow-up time was 32 months (ranging from 10 months to 13 years). Thromboembolic phenomena were recorded in 19.3% of patients, and evolution to AML in 6.4% of patients. Mortality rate was 29%, and mean survival after diagnosis was 68.3 months. CALR mutated individuals presented higher average survival. Median survival according to DIPSS was higher than predicted by the prognostic model, possibly due to the higher frequency of CALR mutations reported. Longer follow-up and inclusion of new patients are necessary for better evaluation of outcomes and confirmation of the higher prevalence of CALR mutations. Driver mutations assessment is essential for diagnostic support, defines subgroups with peculiar clinical characteristics and, combined with collaborative mutations evaluation, has prognostic impact. The complex genetic landscape involved in initiation and progression of MPN, especially Myelofibrosis, instigates the adoption of integrative prognostic stratification models. In this scenario, MLPA is a powerful tool for molecular study, and a promising ally for MPN molecular characterization.
MAUPAS, HELENE. "Fluage d'un composite sic#f-mlas 2d en flexion et en traction." Caen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CAEN2080.
Full textSlagle, April. "Background concentrations of trace elements in three West Virginia soils MLRA-126 /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1380.
Full textTitle from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 163 p. : ill. (some col.), maps. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 72-77).
Viguetti, Sarah Carolina Zanetti e. "Epidemiologia molecular de linhagens invasivas de Corynebacterium diphtheriae utilizando o método MLST." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUOS-8W2JKK.
Full textA difteria é considerada por várias agências de saúde internacionais como uma doença re-emergente. A forma clássica da doença, causada pela bactéria Corynebacterium diphtheriae, afeta primariamente o trato respiratório superior. No entanto, existem alguns isolados desta bactéria capazes de causar infecções invasivas, como endocardite. No Brasil, linhagens de C. diphtheriae causadoras deste tipo de infecção têm sido isoladas nos últimos anos. Estas linhagens foram capazes de infectar pessoas vacinadas com o toxóide diftérico (DT) e suas principais características distintivas foram, na maioria dos casos, a capacidade de fermentar sacarose e o perfil não-toxigênico. A escassez de infromações sobre os mecanismos que levam ao fenótipo invasivo evidencia a necessidade de estudos genéticos desta sub-população de C. diphtheriae. O objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar uma análise epidemiológica molecular destas linhagens invasivas brasileiras, utilizando a técnica de Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST). Um esquema de MLST padronizado para tipagem de C. diphtheriae foi utilizado, composto por sete genes housekeeping desta bactéria: atpA, dnaE, dnaK, fusA, leuA, odha, e rpoB. Como controles, foram tipadas linhagens padrão de C. diphtheriae. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com perfis de MLST de grupos clonais de C. diphtheriae isolados em diferentes países, os quais estão depositados no banco de dados PubMLST. Os perfis obtidos para as linhagens invasivas foram divididos em três complexos clonais pelo programa eBURST. As linhagens foram consideradas como sendo de um mesmo complexo clonal quando pelo menos seis dos sete alelos estudados no MLST eram compartilhados. As linhagens brasileiras do biotipo gravis agruparam-se em complexos clonais com cepas originárias da Europa, indicando uma circulação mundial dos clones deste biotipo e alta estabilidade genética. Por outro lado, linhagens invasivas do biotipo mitis apresentaram maior diversidade genética e uma circulação aparentemente associada à América do Sul. As análises realizadas sugerem que a alta diversidade genética encontrada para as linhagens invasivas é devida a um elevado potencial recombinogênico dos isolados.
Adams, Coy M. "VoIP quality measurements in a Multilevel Secure (MLS) environment." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/08Mar%5FAdams.pdf.
Full textThesis Advisor(s): Irvine, Cynthia E. ; Irvine, Nelson J. "March 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 25, 2008. . Includes bibliographical references (p. 113). Also available in print.
Murphy, Timothy A. "MLS Flight inspection techniques: Digital filtering and coordinate transformation." Ohio : Ohio University, 1985. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1184070645.
Full textArason, Kristjan Magnus. "Analogues of methyllycaconitine (MLA) as antagonists of nicotinic receptors /." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486546889383234.
Full textSilva, Givago Faria Ribeiro da. "Caracterização fenotípica e molecular de estirpes de Haemophilus parasuis isoladas de suínos da região Centro-sul do Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-21062016-124945/.
Full textHaemophilus parasuis is the etiological agent of Glässer disease that causes arthritis, pneumonia, meningitis and polyserositis in pigs and has assumed great importance in modern swine production, since its occurrence has increased significantly in recent years in herds affected by porcine circovirus type 2. In the present study 117 strains of H. parasuis isolated between 2009 to 2014 were utilized, isolated from pigs of south center of Brazil. The strains were serotyping, confirmed genus/species by PCR, the antimicrobial resistance profile was evaluated determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and strains were genotypically characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and presence of vtA virulence gene. The major serotypes identified were 4 (21.3%), 5 (12.9%), 13 (9.4%), 14 (7.7%) and at last the 1 (1.7%), In some cases more than one serotype was identified in the same farm and in the same animal, this results were identified in others parts of the world. All samples had vtA gene. The resistance for some antibiotics was high for tylosin (98.29%), danofloxacin (95.72%) sulfadimetoxin (88.03%), and penicillin (77.7%). Multidrug resistance rates reached 93.16% of the samples. A total of 67 different profiles were identified in PFGE and nine samples were analyzed by MLST. All nine strains tested were identified as new STs. When these strains were compared with MLST database, they were dispersed among the strains from other countries. In this study, it was clear that the Brazilian H. parasuis strains are highly variable considering serotypes, resistance profiles, genomic analysis of PFGE and MLST
Alpert, Stephanie. "Novel Use of Scenarios in the Usability Engineering of a Next-generation MLST Tool." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/47452.
Full textMaster of Science
Edson, Pessoa Junior Morse. "Estudo de cepas de Yersinia pestis isoladas durante epizootia no Foco da Chapada do Araripe, Pernambuco, Brasil." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2006. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/1936.
Full textA Yersinia pestis, bactéria Gram-negativa da família Enterobacteriaceae, é uma espécie muito homogênea quando observada pelos métodos fenotípicos: apresenta apenas um sorotipo, um fagotipo e um biotipo subdividido em três biovars ou variedades geográficas. A peste é uma doença primária dos roedores, geralmente transmitida por pulgas e que ocasionalmente pode infectar outros mamíferos, inclusive o homem, que é atingido acidentalmente ao penetrar no ecossistema da doença. Ela ainda persiste nos dias atuais entre diversos hospedeiros/reservatórios em numerosos focos silvestres em vários países do mundo e atualmente é considerada uma doença reemergente. Devido à alta taxa de letalidade e ao seu potencial de epidemização, a peste é classificada como doença de notificação Classe I de acordo com o Regulamento Sanitário Internacional (RSI) vigente, o que exige vigilância permanente dos focos, sobretudo porque a Y. pestis pode ser usada como agente de bioterrorismo. A vigilância da peste no Brasil baseia-se na pesquisa da bactéria em roedores e pulgas e de anticorpos antipestosos em animais sentinela (algumas espécies de roedores resistentes à infecção e carnívoros domésticos, como os cães e gatos). O conhecimento das características dos isolados de cada foco permitirá detectar a introdução de uma nova cepa e, consequentemente, a sua origem, se de outro foco ou por ato deliberado. Os estudos de tipagem molecular de cepas brasileiras de Y. pestis por diferentes técnicas, como a RAPD-PCR, PCR-ribotipagem e RFLP-IS100, revelaram, na maioria das vezes, padrões genômicos idênticos entre as cepas, independentemente das fontes, procedência e ano. Recentemente, um estudo utilizando MLVA (análise de múltiplos locos do número variável de repetições em tandem), mostrou que as cepas de Y. pestis do Brasil apresentavam polimorfismo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar isolados de Y. pestis em um mesmo evento epidemiológico através de locos VNTR (número variável de repetições em tandem). Um conjunto de vinte cepas de Y. pestis isoladas durante a investigação de uma epizootia em um foco da Chapada do Araripe, município de Exu, Pernambuco, Brasil, em agosto de 1967, foi analisado. As cepas conservadas na bacterioteca do SRP (Serviço de Referência em Peste) foram reativadas e a identificação bacteriológica confirmada pela suscetibilidade ao bacteriófago antipestoso. Alterações no genoma foram pesquisadas pela presença ou ausência de genes de virulência nos plasmídeos prototípicos da Y. pestis e na Ilha de Patogenicidade (HPI) das yersínias, através da multiplex-PCR. Foram analisados seis locos VNTR pela reação de PCR. A ausência de alguns genes de virulência foi evidenciada em dez cepas, sugerindo que modificações genômicas ocorreram nesses isolados. Apesar disso, dos seis VNTR analisados cinco se revelaram monomórficos e apenas um apresentou polimorfismo, gerando três alelos. Colônias morfologicamente diferentes, grandes e pequenas, em algumas cepas, apresentaram padrão VNTR atípico, com duas bandas amplificadas. Por MLVA as cepas revelaram-se geneticamente relacionadas, o que reflete a relação epidemiológica desses isolados. Ao mesmo tempo, é necessário a análise de um maior número de VNTRs para confirmar a relação genética dessas cepas, em comparação com cepas de outros focos
Jun, M. S. "Governing Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in California : analysis of the MLPA implementation process." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1427878/.
Full textSontowski, Rebekka, Detlef Bernhard, Christoph Bleidorn, Martin Schlegel, and Michael Gerth. "Wolbachia distribution in selected beetle taxa characterized by PCR screens and MLST data." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-185242.
Full textTrunzler, Jean. "Contribution à l'enrichessement des fonctions d'approximation sans maillage RKPA / MLS." Paris, ENSAM, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENAM0034.
Full textNowadays, the engineering of design and manufacture requires more and more the use of tools for numerical simulation. The majority of the Current industrial codes use the finite element method. That presents a certain number of limitations for the simulation of large strains, localization problems. . . The need to construct a mesh satisfying quality criteria implies an important investment on behalf of the user. To eliminate this type of constraints, we directed ourselves towards the meshfree methods, the approximation function is built starting from a cloud of nodes distributed on the field of study. The first part presents a comparative study of the approximation functions of the type RKP A and MLS. In the second part, we present a technique of enrichment of functions RKP A. The basic concept comes from functions MLS; it is a question of introducing into the base of reproduction every functions which one wishes to reproduce. This technique is applied to the treatment of problems presenting a fixed or mobile hardware interface (Stefan problem). The last part treats of the incompressible Stokes problem. We present various strategies to stabilize the field of pressure. The various problems dealt with in this study were solved by collocation methods. Our interest was to use a method which does not require integration or which reduces the costs of numerical integration significantly
Theraulaz, Marie. "Learning content in a second language: Advantageous for the brain? A comparison of monolingual and bilingual students´ cognitive aptitudes in mathematics learning." Thesis, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, 2010. http://catarina.udlap.mx/u_dl_a/tales/documentos/mla/theraulaz_m/.
Full textVarela, Olguin Alma Lilia. "Los libros de texto y la competencia pragmática." Thesis, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, 2010. http://catarina.udlap.mx/u_dl_a/tales/documentos/mla/varela_o_al/.
Full text(cont.) El desarrollo de la competencia pragmática, como parte de la competencia comunicativa, será lo que permitirá que el nuevo programa nacional de lengua extranjera logre ir un paso delante de lo que tradicionalmente ha sido la enseñanza de inglés en nuestro país. La presente investigación reporta el análisis de contenido y calidad de actos de habla de tres libros de texto que se están utilizando actualmente en bachillerato, con el propósito de saber si ofrecen el input adecuado y necesario para que los aprendices puedan desenvolverse en eventos comunicativos de forma exitosa.