Relevant bibliographies by topics / MM models

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'MM models'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "MM models"

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Zhou, Hua, Liuyi Hu, Jin Zhou, and Kenneth Lange. "MM Algorithms for Variance Components Models." Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 28, no. 2 (2019): 350–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10618600.2018.1529601.

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Chen, Huajie, Christoph Ortner, and Yangshuai Wang. "QM/MM Methods for Crystalline Defects. Part 3: Machine-Learned MM Models." Multiscale Modeling & Simulation 20, no. 4 (2022): 1490–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/21m1441122.

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Sánchez, José David Vega, Luis Urquiza-Aguiar, and Martha Cecilia Paredes Paredes. "Fading Channel Models for mm-Wave Communications." Electronics 10, no. 7 (2021): 798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10070798.

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A realistic performance assessment of any wireless communication system requires the use of a fading channel model that reflects its main characteristics. The traditional Rayleigh and Nakagami-m models have been (and still are) the basis of most theoretical research on wireless technologies today, even for emerging technologies, such as millimeter-wave communications (mm-Wave). In this article, we show that the fluctuating multiple-ray (FMR) and κ-μ shadowed models had a better fit (i.e., lowest mean square error statistical test) to field measurements in outdoor environments at 28 GHz than the conventional channel models. Therefore, these generalized models are feasible alternatives that can be used as a benchmark when evaluating communication performance in mm-Wave scenarios.
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Hunter, David R. "MM algorithms for generalized Bradley-Terry models." Annals of Statistics 32, no. 1 (2003): 384–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/aos/1079120141.

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Sanchez, Eric, Haiming Chen, and James R. Berenson. "In vivo models of multiple myeloma (MM)." Biochemical Pharmacology 89, no. 3 (2014): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2014.03.013.

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SARC European Project. "Parallel Programming Models for Heterogeneous Multicore Architectures." IEEE Micro 30, no. 5 (2010): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mm.2010.94.

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Singh, Abhayendra, Satish Narayanasamy, Daniel Marino, Todd Millstein, and Madanlal Musuvathi. "A Safety-First Approach to Memory Models." IEEE Micro 33, no. 3 (2013): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mm.2013.50.

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Warner, W. S. "Creating digital terrain models from 35 mm PHOTOGRAPHY." Photogrammetric Record 13, no. 74 (2006): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.1989.tb00676.x.

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James, Jonathan. "MM Algorithm for General Mixed Multinomial Logit Models." Journal of Applied Econometrics 32, no. 4 (2016): 841–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jae.2532.

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Forte, Santiago, and Lidija Lovreta. "Endogenizing exogenous default barrier models: The MM algorithm." Journal of Banking & Finance 36, no. 6 (2012): 1639–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2012.01.010.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "MM models"

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GRECO, CLAUDIO. "A DFT and QM/MM Investigation on Models Related to the [FeFe]-Hydrogenase Active Site." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/45775.

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In the present thesis, a theoretical investigation is described regarding hydroge- nases - enzymes that are able to catalyze the reversible oxidation of molecular hydrogen: H2 2H+ + 2e− . Such a very simple reaction could have fundamen- tal importance for the possible future development of a hydrogen-based econ- omy. However, the current approaches for molecular hydrogen oxidation imply the use of very expensive platinum-containing catalysts, while H2 production at industrial level still depends on hydrocarbons. In this framework, hydrogenases represent a model for the development of new-generation catalysts, as they con- tain only inexpensive transition metal cofactors (iron and/or nickel ions) and are able to evolve hydrogen directly from acidic aqueous solutions supplied with a convenient source of electrons. The present work deals with the characterization of a specific class of hydro- genases, termed [FeFe]-hydrogenases. These enzymes contain in their active site a peculiar Fe6 S6 cluster - the so-called H-cluster - which can be ideally subdi- vided in two distinct portions: a classical Fe4 S4 moiety, and a Fe2 S2 subcluster (commonly termed [2Fe]H ) bearing CO and CN− ligands; these subclusters are linked to each other through the sulphur atom of a cysteine residue. The two iron atoms of the binuclear sub-site are termed proximal (Fep ) or distal (Fed ), de- pending on their positions with respect to the Fe4 S4 moiety. Notably one of the carbonyl groups included in the [2Fe]H subsite bridges the Fep and Fed centers, and it moves to a semibridging position when the enzyme is in its completely reduced form. The coordination environment of the iron ions included in the binuclear cluster is completed by a bidentate ligand which has been proposed to correspond either to a di(thiomethyl)amine (DTMA) or to a propanedithiolate (PDT) residue. Direct metal-hydrogen interaction at the binuclear sub-site is required for the enzymatic activity of [FeFe]-hydrogenases; however, there is still some debate about the way in which the interaction takes place, and about the catalytic mechanism leading to H2 splitting/formation. In fact, despite the large number of theoretical and experimental investigations carried out to clarify the catalytic mechanism of [FeFe]-hydrogenases, a direct comparison between the two more plausible routes for dihydrogen evolution/oxidation - i.e. a path involving the formation of metal-bound terminal hydrides, as opposed to a route that implies the presence of a hydride bridging Fep and Fed - was still lacking. Such study has then been carried out in our laboratories, using computational models of the H-cluster binuclear subsite in the context of a Density Functional Theory (DFT) representation; this work is presented in Chapter 2. It turns out that H2 formation can take place according to reaction pathways that imply initial protonation of the Fe(I)-Fe(I) form of [2Fe]H , leading to a formal Fe(II)-Fe(II) hydride species, subsequent monoelectron reduction to an Fe(II)-Fe(I) species, further protonation, and H2 release. A comparison of pathways involving either the initial protonation of Fed or protonation of the Fep -Fed bond shows also that the former pathway is characterized by smaller activation barriers, as well as a downhill free-energy profile, suggesting that it could be the H2 production pathway operative in the enzyme. The next chapter in the present thesis is devoted to the characterization of CO-mediated enzyme inhibition; indeed, the enzyme active site is able to bind exogenous carbon monoxide, and such an interaction impairs the catalytic process of H2 production/oxidation. Experimental and computational studies have converged towards the assignment of a Fe(I)Fe(II) state to the CO-inhibited binuclear sub-cluster, while there is still much debate about the disposition of CO and CN− ligands around Fed in this form. Our analysis is carried out us- ing a hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) approach; this means that an all-atom model of the enzyme is used for studying different geometrical configurations of the active site. This allows us to show that the protein environment surrounding the H-cluster plays a crucial role in influenc- ing the mechanism of CO-inhibition; as a result, the CO-inhibited H-cluster is expected to be characterized by a terminal CO ligand trans to the μ-CO group on Fed . A QM/MM approach is also used in order to unravel key issues regarding the activation of the enzyme from its completely oxidized inactive state (Hox inact , an enzyme form in which the [2Fe]H subcluster attains the Fe(II)Fe(II) redox state), and the influence of the protein environment on the structural and cat- alytic properties of the H-cluster (see Chapter 4). Our results show that, in Hox inact , a water molecule is bound to Fed . The computed QM/MM energy values for water binding to the diferrous subsite are in fact over 17 kcal mol−1 ; however, the affinity towards water decreases by one order of magnitude af- ter a one-electron reduction of Hox inact , thus leading to release of coordinated water from the H-cluster. The investigation of a catalytic cycle of the [FeFe]- hydrogenase that implies formation of a terminal hydride ion and a DTMA molecule acting as acid/base catalyst indicates that all steps have reasonable reaction energies, and that the influence of the protein on the thermodynamic profile of H2 production catalysis is not negligible; QM/MM results show that the interactions between the Fe2 S2 subsite and the protein environment could give place to structural rearrangements of the H-cluster functional for catalysis, provided that the bidentate ligand that bridges the iron atoms in the binuclear subsite is actually a DTMA residue. In the last two studies included in the present thesis (Chapter 5 and Chapter 6), DFT investigations are presented regarding the characterization of two syn- thetic model complexes that represent structural and functional model of the [2Fe]H cluster: Fe2 (S2 C3 H6 )(CO)6 and (S2 C3 H6 )[Fe2 (CO)5 P(NC4 H8 )3 ]. Both of them are known to be able to catalyze proton reduction in an electrochemical cell, but the details of the electrocatalytic mechanisms leading to H2 produc- tion needed clarification. As for Fe2 (S2 C3 H6 )(CO)6 (a), it is showed that, in the early stages of the catalytic cycle, a neutral μ-H adduct is formed; mono-electron reduction and subsequent protonation can give rise to a diprotonated neutral species (a-μH-SH), which is characterized by a μ-H group, a protonated sulfur atom and a CO group bridging the two iron centers, in agreement with experi- mental IR data indicating the formation of a long-lived μ-CO species. H2 release from a-μH-SH and its less stable isomer a-H2 is kinetically unfavourable, while the corresponding monoanionic compounds (a-μH-SH− and a-H2 − ) are more reactive in terms of dihydrogen evolution, in agreement with experimental data. As far as (S2 C3 H6 )[Fe2 (CO)5 P(NC4 H8 )3 ] (A) is concerned, experimental results have suggested that the presence of the electron donor P(NC4 H8 )3 ligand in A could favour the formation of a μ-CO species similar to that observed in the enzymatic cluster. However, insight into the structural features of key catalytic intermediates deriving from reduction and protonation of A was still lacking. Thus, in Chapter 6 we present results obtained using Density Functional Theory to evaluate structures, relative stabilities and spectroscopic properties of several species relevant for the electrocatalytic H2 evolving process. The results enable us to unravel the structure of the μ-CO complex ex- perimentally detected after monoelectronic reduction of A. Moreover, we show that the introduction of the large electron-donor ligand P(NC4 H8 )3 in the bio- mimetic complex does not favour the stabilization of terminal-hydride adducts, which are expected to be very reactive in terms of H2 production. The comparison of our findings with previous theoretical and experimental results obtained on similar model complexes suggests that the introduction of an electron donor ligand as good as P(NC4 H8 )3 , but less sterically demanding, could represent a better choice to facilitate the formation of μ-CO complexes more closely resembling the structure of the enzymatic cluster.
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Walker, Christina H. "Monte Carlo radiation transfer studies of protoplanetary environments." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/218.

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Monte Carlo radiation transfer provides an efficient modelling tool for probing the dusty local environment of young stars. Within this thesis, such theoretical models are used to study the disk structure of objects across the mass spectrum - young low mass Brown Dwarfs, solar mass T-Tauri stars, intermediate mass Herbig Ae stars, and candidate B-stars with massive disks. A Monte Carlo radiation transfer code is used to model images and photometric data in the UV - mm wavelength range. These models demonstrate how modelling techniques have been updated in an attempt to reduce the number of unknown parameters and extend the diversity of objects that can be studied.
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Lange, Adrian W. "Multi-layer Methods for Quantum Chemistry in the Condensed Phase: Combining Density Functional Theory, Molecular Mechanics, and Continuum Solvation Models." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1329752615.

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Caricato, Marco. "Theoretical Models to describe Time-Dependent and Nonequilibrium Solvation." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/85801.

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Huynh, Bao Tuyen. "Estimation and feature selection in high-dimensional mixtures-of-experts models." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC237.

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Cette thèse traite de la modélisation et de l’estimation de modèles de mélanges d’experts de grande dimension, en vue d’efficaces estimation de densité, prédiction et classification de telles données complexes car hétérogènes et de grande dimension. Nous proposons de nouvelles stratégies basées sur l’estimation par maximum de vraisemblance régularisé des modèles pour pallier aux limites des méthodes standards, y compris l’EMV avec les algorithmes d’espérance-maximisation (EM), et pour effectuer simultanément la sélection des variables pertinentes afin d’encourager des solutions parcimonieuses dans un contexte haute dimension. Nous introduisons d’abord une méthode d’estimation régularisée des paramètres et de sélection de variables d’un mélange d’experts, basée sur des régularisations l1 (lasso) et le cadre de l’algorithme EM, pour la régression et la classification adaptés aux contextes de la grande dimension. Ensuite, nous étendons la stratégie un mélange régularisé de modèles d’experts pour les données discrètes, y compris pour la classification. Nous développons des algorithmes efficaces pour maximiser la fonction de log-vraisemblance l1 -pénalisée des données observées. Nos stratégies proposées jouissent de la maximisation monotone efficace du critère optimisé, et contrairement aux approches précédentes, ne s’appuient pas sur des approximations des fonctions de pénalité, évitent l’inversion de matrices et exploitent l’efficacité de l’algorithme de montée de coordonnées, particulièrement dans l’approche proximale par montée de coordonnées<br>This thesis deals with the problem of modeling and estimation of high-dimensional MoE models, towards effective density estimation, prediction and clustering of such heterogeneous and high-dimensional data. We propose new strategies based on regularized maximum-likelihood estimation (MLE) of MoE models to overcome the limitations of standard methods, including MLE estimation with Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithms, and to simultaneously perform feature selection so that sparse models are encouraged in such a high-dimensional setting. We first introduce a mixture-of-experts’ parameter estimation and variable selection methodology, based on l1 (lasso) regularizations and the EM framework, for regression and clustering suited to high-dimensional contexts. Then, we extend the method to regularized mixture of experts models for discrete data, including classification. We develop efficient algorithms to maximize the proposed l1 -penalized observed-data log-likelihood function. Our proposed strategies enjoy the efficient monotone maximization of the optimized criterion, and unlike previous approaches, they do not rely on approximations on the penalty functions, avoid matrix inversion, and exploit the efficiency of the coordinate ascent algorithm, particularly within the proximal Newton-based approach
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Pérez, María del Carmen Marín. "Benchmarking and applications of a computational photobiology tool for design of novel and highly fluorescent rhodopsin proteins." Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1070289.

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In recent years, world economy and technological advancement have been transformed by Genomics, which allows us to study, design and build biologically relevant molecules. Genomics is already deeply embedded in industries as diverse as pharmaceutical, food and agricultural, environmental and bio-tech in general. Fast and cheap tools for gene sequencing, protein expression and analysis are commonly used for high-throughput genomic-related studies. However, due to experimental difficulties and long time scales (e.g., protein crystallization), protein structure determination, and thus the fundamental structure function rationalization, cannot presently be performed at the same fast pace: a fact that is slowing down the discovery of proteins with new features, as well as ex novo design. These difficulties are particularly felt in the field of photobiology, where the crystal structure of Bovine rhodopsin (Rh, retina dim-light visual photo-receptor), still remains the only structure of a vertebrate photo-receptor sensor available for photobiological studies since the year 2000. Rhodopsins constitute a class of light-triggered proteins that can be found throughout the whole spectrum of living organisms, and represent the perfect blue-print for building light-activated bio-molecular machines. In principle, the problem of not having a sufficient number of rhodopsins molecular structures could be circumvented and overcome with the construction of accurate atomistic computer models of the set of studied photoreceptors, which would allow: (i) in silico fundamental structure-function characterization, (ii) thorough and detailed screening of mutant series, and even (iii) ex novo design. Nevertheless, such models should also be constructed using a fast, relatively cheap, reliable and standardized protocol, of known accuracy. In this thesis, we refine and test the Automatic Rhodopsin Modeling (ARM) computational protocol, which we demonstrate as being capable of helping to address the above issues. Such protocol has the primary target of generating congruous quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) models of rhodopsins, with the aim of facilitating systematic rhodopsin-mutants studies. The cornerstone of this thesis is the validation of the ARM protocol as a successful attempt to provide a basis for the standardization and reproducibility of rhodopsin QM/MM models, aimed to study the behaviour of photoactive molecules. First, we validate the ARM protocol, which employs a CASPT2//CASSCF/AMBER scheme, for a benchmark set of rhodopsins from different biological kingdoms. We show that ARM is able to reproduce and predict absorption trends in rhodopsin protein sets, with blue-shifted values not much displaced (a few kcal/mol) from the observed data. Secondly, we present how to use this protocol towards a better design of novel mutations as applications for Optogenetics, an innovative biological tool aimed to visualize and control neuron signals through light. Two different microbial rhodopsins are studied: Krokinobacter eikastus rhodopsin 2 (KR2), a light-driven outward sodium pump, and Anabaena sensory rhodopsin (ASR), a light sensor. In both cases, the qualitative and quantitative information acquired from the ARM-obtained QM/MM models reveal nature (electrostatic or steric) and extent of the mutation-induced changes on the retinal configuration, which, in turn, are the cause of the shift in the absorption wavelength of the relative mutants. Finally, we explore the fluorescence of ASR mutants, particularly useful for the visualization of neuronal activity. The target of this work is to use QM/MM simulations to understand the opposite behaviour observed in two blue-shifted ASR mutants, where one presents a negligible fluorescence, while the other displays one order of magnitude enhanced fluorescence, with respect to the wild type protein. Our QM/MM models show that specific electrostatic and steric interactions control the character mixing of different electronic states, opening a path to the rational engineering of highly fluorescent rhodopsins. In conclusion, within the limits of its automation, the ARM protocol allows the study of ground and excited states of specific photoactive proteins: rhodopsins. This opens the way to an improved molecular-level understanding of rhodopsin photochemistry and photobiology. The results obtained highlight the importance of having a standardized, effective and automatic protocol, which renders this kind of studies more efficient and accessible, by drastically shortening the time required to produce accurate and congruous QM/MM models. For the above reasons the author of the present thesis believes that ARM stands as an important cogwheel in the virtuous cycle between experimental and theoretical work, aimed to prepare the photobiological tools for tomorrow’s needs.
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Mohamed, Imran. "The application of negative refractive index metamaterials to mm and sub-mm wavelength instrumentation." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-application-of-negative-refractive-index-metamaterials-to-mm-and-submm-wavelength-instrumentation(2f650eb9-27bb-4865-81a5-d7f086c6cf22).html.

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The manipulation of electromagnetic radiation via the use of periodic arrays of sub-wavelength metallic structures (unit cells), nowadays named "metamaterials", has been known of in the microwave engineering community for over fifty years. In the last decade interest in such sub-wavelength structures grew, mainly due to their ability to interact with radiation in ways natural materials could not e.g. by producing a negative refractive index (NRI). This project sought to see whether NRI metamaterials could provide benefits to the mm and sub-mm wavelength astronomical instrumentation currently in use. To aid rapid design and optimisation of devices made from a cascaded set of metamaterial unit cells, a hybridised Transmission Line (TL) model was developed where the matrix components used in the TL model were "seeded" with data taken from a Finite Element Method (FEM) model of a simpler structure. A comparison between the two found that the TL model was capable of providing results that differed from the FEM model by no more than ~10E−4 for the transmitted intensity, |S21|^2, and <1° for transmitted phase, arg(S21). A slab of material with a refractive index, n = −1, can exhibit an effect known as "superlensing". A three unit cell thick NRI slab was designed, manufactured and experimentally tested. It was found to be capable of producing an NRI across a fractional band of at least 21%, producing a refractive index value of n = −1 at around 90 GHz. The experimental and simulated transmission and reflection data show good match with each other. A highly birefringent air gap Half Wave Plate (HWP) was designed, manufactured and experimentally tested. Defining its useful bandwidth as the region where the phase difference, is equal to (−180 ± 3)° a single HWP had a fractional bandwidth of 0.3%. The bandwidth was extended by using the Pancharatnam method, developed in the 1950's to produce highly achromatic optical wave plates. The method however is applicable to other frequencies and polarisation control technologies. Optimising a three HWP TL-based Pancharatnam model, the HWP's modelled fractional bandwidth increased to 6.6%. Experimental data agrees with the model showing a plateauing of the phase difference at −180°. A highly birefringent polypropylene embedded Quarter Wave Plate (QWP) was also designed, manufactured and tested. Defining its useful bandwidth as the region where the differential phase is (90 ± 2)° a single QWP produced a fractional bandwidth of 0.6%. By optimising a four QWP TL-based Pancharatnam model, the QWP's performance was improved to 7.8%. Experimental data, whilst not in complete agreement with the model does show a reduction in the gradient of phase difference where it crossed 90°. It was found that current designs for NRI metamaterials fall short of the standards required to be used in quasi-optical astronomical instrumentation due to high dispersion and absorption. The high dispersion limits NRI metamaterials to uses in instruments built for narrowband applications. Whilst the Pancharatnam method can increase bandwidths where a flat differential phase response is required, this comes at the cost of increased absorption. To reach their full potential, NRI metamaterials' lossiness must be reduced e.g. possibly by cryogenic means or the use of "active" metamaterials.
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Laino, Teodoro. "Multigrid QM/MM approaches in ab initio molecular dynamics." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/85799.

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Orrego, Rodrigo Barbosa Sousa. "CORE-MM: um modelo de crowdsourcing para cidades inteligentes baseado em gamificação." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2017. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/6813.

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Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2017-12-05T13:53:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Barbosa Sousa Orrego_.pdf: 1535012 bytes, checksum: b6e744cff7702628ea69ae095d198122 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-05T13:53:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Barbosa Sousa Orrego_.pdf: 1535012 bytes, checksum: b6e744cff7702628ea69ae095d198122 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-31<br>Nenhuma<br>O surgimento de cidades que utilizam conceitos de tecnologia de ponta em várias áreas tem sido possibilitado graças aos progressos no desenvolvimento de sistemas de tecnologia da informação e comunicação. Avanços nas tecnologias de comunicação wireless e da tecnológica da informação e comunicação em geral oferecem oportunidades para a criação de um modelo de crowdsourcing, para registrar e atualizar recursos de uma cidade, baseado em gamificação para cidades inteligentes, objetivando ampliar a independência das pessoas que necessitam dos recursos das cidades e melhorar a qualidade de vida dos cidadãos. Esta dissertação aborda o problema do gerenciamento de recursos para cidades inteligentes utilizando crowdsourcing combinada com gamificação. Foi proposto um modelo, chamado CORE-MM, que permite a utilização de técnicas de crowdsourcing para que o gerenciamento de recursos das cidades seja feito pelos próprios cidadãos interessados, sem depender obrigatoriamente de uma organização ou da administração pública, e técnicas de gamificação para que este comportamento de participação neste processo de gerenciamento de recursos seja incentivado. O CORE-MM propõe o uso de crowdsourcing integrado com gamificação, para gerenciar recursos de uma cidade inteligente, com dois objetivos interdependentes: o de motivar a utilização do sistema pelos usuários, e também o de incentivar sua participação no compartilhamento e gerenciamento de informações. O nome CORE-MM significa COllaborative REsource Management Model, que em português significa Modelo de Gerenciamento Colaborativo de Recursos.<br>The emergence of cities that use state-of-the-art technology concepts in various areas has been made possible by advances in the development of information and communication technology systems. Advances in wireless communication technologies and information and communication technologies in general offer opportunities for creating a crowdsourcing model, based on gamification for smart cities, to manage cities resources, aiming to broaden the independence of the people that need the cities resources and improve the quality of life of citizens. This study addresses the problem of resource management for smart cities using crowdsourcing combined with gamification. A model called CORE-MM has been proposed by this study, which allows the use of crowdsourcing techniques so that the management of cities resources is done by the citizens themselves, without necessarily having to rely on an organization or public administration, and techniques of gamification to encourage this behavior of participation in this resource management process. CORE-MM proposes the use of crowdsourcing integrated with gamification to manage the resources of an intelligent city, with two interdependent objectives: to motivate the use of the system by the users, and also to encourage their participation in the sharing and management of information. The name CORE-MM stands for COllaborative REsource Management Model.
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Rahman, Farhana. "Performance evaluation of 4.75-mm NMAS Superpave mixture." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/3893.

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Books on the topic "MM models"

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I, Badaev I͡U︡, and NIAT, eds. Invariantnoe modelirovanie i raschet aėrodinamicheskikh poverkhnosteĭ agregatov LA: Metodicheskie materialy, MM 1.4.1945-89. NIAT, 1990.

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Moller, Patricio Greve. Fusil Chileno Comblain II Modelo 1871 Calibre 11x50 R Mm. Lulu Press, Inc., 2018.

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Company, Seeburg. Ami Model MM-5 "Presidential" of 1970-71 Service Manual. A.M.C. Corporation, 1986.

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Samuels, Richard. Massive Modularity. Edited by Eric Margolis, Richard Samuels, and Stephen P. Stich. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195309799.013.0004.

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The objective of the article is to discuss the evolution, hypothesis, and some the more prominent arguments for massive modularity (MM). MM is the hypothesis that the human mind is largely or entirely composed from a great many modules. Modules are functionally characterizable cognitive mechanisms that tend to possess several features, which include domain-specificity, informationally encapsulation, innateness, inaccessibility, shallow outputs, and mandatory operation. The final thesis that comprises MM mentions that modules are found not merely at the periphery of the mind but also in the central regions responsible for such higher cognitive capacities as reasoning and decision-making. The central cognition depends on a great many functional modules that are not themselves composable into larger more inclusive systems. One of the families of arguments for MM focuses on a range of problems that are familiar from the history of cognitive science such as problems that concern the computational tractability of cognitive processes. The arguments may vary considerably in detail but they share a common format. First, they proceed from the assumption that cognitive processes are classical computational ones. Second, given the assumption that cognitive processes are computational ones, intractability arguments seek to undermine non-modular accounts of cognition by establishing the intractability thesis.
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Company, Seeburg. Ami Model MM-5 "Presidential Line" of 1970-71 Parts Catalog. A.M.C. Corporation, 1986.

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Response of the Wayne State Thorax Model With Fabric Vest to a 9-mm Bullet. Storming Media, 2003.

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Quispe, Nelly, and Betsy Quispe. Evaluación de tres técnicas de fotopolimerización con diodo emisor de luz en la resistencia compresiva de resina compuesta de nanopartículas. Instituto Universitario de Innovación Ciencia y Tecnología Inudi Perú, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35622/inudi.b.010.

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Este libro es una adaptación de una tesis presentada en la Universidad Andina Néstor Cáceres Velásquez de Juliaca, cuyo objetivo fue la evaluación de tres técnicas de fotopolimerización con diodo emisor de luz en la resistencia compresiva de resina compuesta de nanopartículas. En la Metodología el estudio, es de nivel explicativo, de corte transversal y cuasi-experimental, en los materiales y métodos se elaboraron sesenta cilindros de resina compuesta de nanopartículas de la marca 3M™ Filtek™ Z350 XT de 4 mm de diámetro por 8 mm de altura, los cuales se dividieron en tres grupos de 20 cilindros de resina compuesta cada uno, en donde cada grupo fue fotopolimerizado con las tres diferentes técnicas por 20 segundos con lámpara de diodo emisor de luz marca Woodpecker modelo LED.D; el grupo 1 (N°=20) fue polimerizado con técnica de luz intensa, el grupo 2 (N°=20) con técnica de luz en rampa y finalmente el grupo 3 (N°=20) con técnica de luz intermitente. Posteriormente fueron sometidas a cargas en kilogramos en la máquina para ensayos Marshall MA-75, donde se midió la resistencia compresivade los cilindros de resina. Los resultados se constituyeron en tablas utilizando estadística descriptiva, además de las pruebas estadísticas se empleó la prueba de ANOVA en donde se obtuvo P = 0.000 lo que indicó que si existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las medias de los valores de las técnicas de fotopolimerización. Como conclusión tenemos que se presenta diferencias estadísticas en la resistencia comprensiva de la resina de nanopartículas, al ser fotopolimerizada con las tres diferentes técnicas, obteniéndose que la resistencia comprensiva con técnica en rampa tuvo valores mayoresque la luz intensa y luz intermitente respectivamente.
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United States War Dept. Range Tables for French 75-/mm. Gun, Model 1897. Summary Range Tables and Charts for the Calculation of the Total Variation in Range Corresponding to Given Firing Conditions. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.

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Pirson, Yves, and Dominique Chauveau. Management of intracranial aneurysms. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0310.

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An asymptomatic intracranial aneurysm (ICA) is found by screening in about 8% of patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), with a trend to cluster in some families. Though most ICAs will remain asymptomatic, a minority of them may rupture, causing subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). Given the grave prognosis of ICA rupture, screening and prophylactic repair of unruptured ICAs have to be considered, with the aim to identify patients with a risk of ICA rupture that exceeds the risk of a prophylactic procedure, surgical or endovascular. Relying on a decision analysis model established in the general population, widespread screening in ADPKD patients is today not recommended. However, the chapter authors advise screening in ADPKD patients with a familial history of ICA or SAH. Additional acceptable indications are high-risk occupations and patient anxiety despite adequate information. Screening is preferably performed by high-resolution, three-dimensional, time-of-flight magnetic resonance imaging. When an asymptomatic ICA is found, a recommendation for whether to intervene depends on its size, site, morphology, patient life expectancy, and general health as well as the experience of the neuroradiologist–neurosurgeon team. Since the risk of new ICAs or enlargement of an existing one is very low in those with small (&lt; 6 mm) ICAs, conservative management is usually recommended. Elimination of tobacco use and aggressive treatment of hypertension are strongly recommended.
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Zydroń, Tymoteusz. Wpływ systemów korzeniowych wybranych gatunków drzew na przyrost wytrzymałości gruntu na ścinanie. Publishing House of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/978-83-66602-46-5.

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The aim of the paper was to determine the influence of root systems of chosen tree species found in the Polish Flysch Carpathians on the increase of soil shear strength (root cohesion) in terms of slope stability. The paper's goal was achieved through comprehensive tests on root systems of eight relatively common in the Polish Flysch Carpathians tree species. The tests that were carried out included field work, laboratory work and analytical calculations. As part of the field work, the root area ratio (A IA) of the roots was determined using the method of profiling the walls of the trench at a distance of about 1.0 m from the tree trunk. The width of the. trenches was about 1.0 m, and their depth depended on the ground conditions and ranged from 0.6 to 1.0 m below the ground level. After preparing the walls of the trench, the profile was divided into vertical layers with a height of 0.1 m, within which root diameters were measured. Roots with diameters from 1 to 10 mm were taken into consideration in root area ratio calculations in accordance with the generally accepted methodology for this type of tests. These measurements were made in Biegnik (silver fir), Ropica Polska (silver birch, black locust) and Szymbark (silver birch, European beech, European hornbeam, silver fir, sycamore maple, Scots pine, European spruce) located near Gorlice (The Low Beskids) in areas with unplanned forest management. In case of each tested tree species the samples of roots were taken, transported to the laboratory and then saturated with water for at least one day. Before testing the samples were obtained from the water and stretched in a. tensile testing machine in order to determine their tensile strength and flexibility. In general, over 2200 root samples were tested. The results of tests on root area ratio of root systems and their tensile strength were used to determine the value of increase in shear strength of the soils, called root cohesion. To this purpose a classic Wu-Waldron calculation model was used as well as two types of bundle models, the so called static model (Fiber Bundle Model — FIRM, FBM2, FBM3) and the deformation model (Root Bundle Model— RBM1, RBM2, mRBM1) that differ in terms of the assumptions concerning the way the tensile force is distributed to the roots as well as the range of parameters taken into account during calculations. The stability analysis of 8 landslides in forest areas of Cicikowicleie and Wignickie Foothills was a form of verification of relevance of the obtained calculation results. The results of tests on root area ratio in the profile showed that, as expected, the number of roots in the soil profile and their ApIA values are very variable. It was shown that the values of the root area ratio of the tested tree species with a diameter 1-10 ram are a maximum of 0.8% close to the surface of the ground and they decrease along with the depth reaching the values at least one order of magnitude lower than close to the surface at the depth 0.5-1.0 m below the ground level. Average values of the root area ratio within the soil profile were from 0.05 to 0.13% adequately for Scots pine and European beech. The measured values of the root area ratio are relatively low in relation to the values of this parameter given in literature, which is probably connected with great cohesiveness of the soils and the fact that there were a lot of rock fragments in the soil, where the tests were carried out. Calculation results of the Gale-Grigal function indicate that a distribution of roots in the soil profile is similar for the tested species, apart from the silver fir from Bie§nik and European hornbeam. Considering the number of roots, their distribution in the soil profile and the root area ratio it appears that — considering slope stability — the root systems of European beech and black locust are the most optimal, which coincides with tests results given in literature. The results of tensile strength tests showed that the roots of the tested tree species have different tensile strength. The roots of European beech and European hornbeam had high tensile strength, whereas the roots of conifers and silver birch in deciduous trees — low. The analysis of test results also showed that the roots of the studied tree species are characterized by high variability of mechanical properties. The values Of shear strength increase are mainly related to the number and size (diameter) of the roots in the soil profile as well as their tensile strength and pullout resistance, although they can also result from the used calculation method (calculation model). The tests showed that the distribution of roots in the soil and their tensile strength are characterized by large variability, which allows the conclusion that using typical geotechnical calculations, which take into consideration the role of root systems is exposed to a high risk of overestimating their influence on the soil reinforcement. hence, while determining or assuming the increase in shear strength of soil reinforced with roots (root cohesion) for design calculations, a conservative (careful) approach that includes the most unfavourable values of this parameter should be used. Tests showed that the values of shear strength increase of the soil reinforced with roots calculated using Wu-Waldron model in extreme cases are three times higher than the values calculated using bundle models. In general, the most conservative calculation results of the shear strength increase were obtained using deformation bundle models: RBM2 (RBMw) or mRBM1. RBM2 model considers the variability of strength characteristics of soils described by Weibull survival function and in most cases gives the lowest values of the shear strength increase, which usually constitute 50% of the values of shear strength increase determined using classic Wu-Waldron model. Whereas the second model (mRBM1.) considers averaged values of roots strength parameters as well as the possibility that two main mechanism of destruction of a root bundle - rupture and pulling out - can occur at the same. time. The values of shear strength increase calculated using this model were the lowest in case of beech and hornbeam roots, which had high tensile strength. It indicates that in the surface part of the profile (down to 0.2 m below the ground level), primarily in case of deciduous trees, the main mechanism of failure of the root bundle will be pulling out. However, this model requires the knowledge of a much greater number of geometrical parameters of roots and geotechnical parameters of soil, and additionally it is very sensitive to input data. Therefore, it seems practical to use the RBM2 model to assess the influence of roots on the soil shear strength increase, and in order to obtain safe results of calculations in the surface part of the profile, the Weibull shape coefficient equal to 1.0 can be assumed. On the other hand, the Wu-Waldron model can be used for the initial assessment of the shear strength increase of soil reinforced with roots in the situation, where the deformation properties of the root system and its interaction with the soil are not considered, although the values of the shear strength increase calculated using this model should be corrected and reduced by half. Test results indicate that in terms of slope stability the root systems of beech and hornbeam have the most favourable properties - their maximum effect of soil reinforcement in the profile to the depth of 0.5 m does not usually exceed 30 kPa, and to the depth of 1 m - 20 kPa. The root systems of conifers have the least impact on the slope reinforcement, usually increasing the soil shear strength by less than 5 kPa. These values coincide to a large extent with the range of shear strength increase obtained from the direct shear test as well as results of stability analysis given in literature and carried out as part of this work. The analysis of the literature indicates that the methods of measuring tree's root systems as well as their interpretation are very different, which often limits the possibilities of comparing test results. This indicates the need to systematize this type of tests and for this purpose a root distribution model (RDM) can be used, which can be integrated with any deformation bundle model (RBM). A combination of these two calculation models allows the range of soil reinforcement around trees to be determined and this information might be used in practice, while planning bioengineering procedures in areas exposed to surface mass movements. The functionality of this solution can be increased by considering the dynamics of plant develop¬ment in the calculations. This, however, requires conducting this type of research in order to obtain more data.
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Book chapters on the topic "MM models"

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Antoniades, Pericles. "SOA, Maturity Models, SOA MM and Relevant Work." In SOA Maturity Model. Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02453-0_3.

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Saura, Patricia, Michael Röpke, Ana P. Gamiz-Hernandez, and Ville R. I. Kaila. "Quantum Chemical and QM/MM Models in Biochemistry." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9608-7_4.

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Singer, David, Dorian Rohner, and Dominik Henrich. "Robot-Based Creation of Complete 3D Workpiece Models." In Annals of Scientific Society for Assembly, Handling and Industrial Robotics 2021. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74032-0_24.

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AbstractA complete object database containing a model (representing geometric and texture information) of every possible workpiece is a common necessity e.g. for different object recognition or task planning approaches. The generation of these models is often a tedious process. In this paper we present a fully automated approach to tackle this problem by generating complete workpiece models using a robotic manipulator. A workpiece is recorded by a depth sensor from multiple views for one side, then turned, and captured from the other side. The resulting point clouds are merged into one complete model. Additionally, we represent the information provided by the object’s texture using keypoints. We present a proof of concept and evaluate the precision of the final models. In the end we conclude the usefulness of our approach showing a precision of around 1 mm for the resulting models.
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Olivucci, Massimo, Ioannis N. Ragazos, Michael A. Robb, and F. Bernardi. "A Strategy for Modelling of Chemical Reactivity using MC-SCF and MM-VB Methods." In Molecular Aspects of Biotechnology: Computational Models and Theories. Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2538-3_10.

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Pedraza-González, Laura, María del Carmen Marín, Luca De Vico, Xuchun Yang, and Massimo Olivucci. "On the Automatic Construction of QM/MM Models for Biological Photoreceptors: Rhodopsins as Model Systems." In Challenges and Advances in Computational Chemistry and Physics. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57721-6_1.

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Powell, Alan A., and Christopher W. Murphy. "Distinguishing Features of MM." In Inside a Modern Macroeconometric Model. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59069-6_2.

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Powell, Alan A., and Christopher W. Murphy. "Principal Mechanisms in MM." In Inside a Modern Macroeconometric Model. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59069-6_3.

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Anerella, M., J. Cottingham, G. Ganetis, et al. "Construction and Test Results from 15 m-Long, 50 mm Aperture SSC Collider Dipole Models." In Supercollider 4. Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3454-9_68.

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Hofer, Thomas S. "Probing Proton Transfer Reactions in Molecular Dynamics—A Crucial Prerequisite for QM/MM Simulations Using Dissociative Models." In Challenges and Advances in Computational Chemistry and Physics. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21626-3_4.

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Ursavaş, Ömer Faruk. "Motivational Model (MM)." In Springer Texts in Education. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10846-4_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "MM models"

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Jain, Ramesh. "Session details: Event models." In MM '10: ACM Multimedia Conference. ACM, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3254530.

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Zhou, Jingren. "Large-scale Multi-Modality Pretrained Models." In MM '21: ACM Multimedia Conference. ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3474085.3480241.

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Koupil, Pavel, Martin Svoboda, and Irena Holubova. "MM-cat: A Tool for Modeling and Transformation of Multi-Model Data using Category Theory." In 2021 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems Companion (MODELS-C). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/models-c53483.2021.00098.

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Yang, Le, Dongmei Jiang, Xiaohan Xia, Ercheng Pei, Meshia Cédric Oveneke, and Hichem Sahli. "Multimodal Measurement of Depression Using Deep Learning Models." In MM '17: ACM Multimedia Conference. ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3133944.3133948.

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Gao, Xin, Zhenjiang Liu, Zunlei Feng, et al. "Shape Controllable Virtual Try-on for Underwear Models." In MM '21: ACM Multimedia Conference. ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3474085.3475210.

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Amer, Mohamed R., Ajay Divakaran, Shih-Fu Chang, and Nicu Sebe. "2nd Workshop on Computational Models of Social Interactions." In MM '15: ACM Multimedia Conference. ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2733373.2806412.

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Inoue, Nakamasa, and Koichi Shinoda. "n-gram Models for Video Semantic Indexing." In MM '14: 2014 ACM Multimedia Conference. ACM, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2647868.2654961.

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Chen, Huizhong, Matthew Cooper, Dhiraj Joshi, and Bernd Girod. "Multi-modal Language Models for Lecture Video Retrieval." In MM '14: 2014 ACM Multimedia Conference. ACM, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2647868.2654964.

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Kim, Jaebok, Gwenn Englebienne, Khiet P. Truong, and Vanessa Evers. "Deep Temporal Models using Identity Skip-Connections for Speech Emotion Recognition." In MM '17: ACM Multimedia Conference. ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3123266.3123353.

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Wang, Meng, and Yi Fang. "Global Consistent Shape Correspondence for Efficient and Effective Active Shape Models." In MM '16: ACM Multimedia Conference. ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2964284.2967283.

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Reports on the topic "MM models"

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Blaisdell, George L., Terry D. Melendy, and Marin N. Blaisdell. Ballistic protection using snow. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44360.

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Small (5.56 mm, 7.62 mm and 9 mm) and medium (12.7 mm) arms rounds were fired at snow-filled 1.5m cubic gabions in a mid-winter condition in Fairbanks, Alaska. The rounds were excavated and penetration by each ammunition type was measured. A distribution and average of penetration depth was determined. All 320 rounds fired were captured within 1.5m after entering the snow barrier. Comparison with published models of ballistics penetration of snow showed mixed results with several matching our data within 10% and all but one within 32%. However, most of these models are simplistic in that they accommodate limited variables and therefore may not be expected to perform well in all settings. We conclude that snow-based ballistics protection structures can be quickly and efficiently erected in suitable environments and with minimal size, can provide reliable protection against small and medium arms fire.
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Moton, Casey. Littoral Combat Ship Mission Modules (LCS MM). Defense Technical Information Center, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1019489.

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Demchyna, Bohdan, and Yaroslav Shydlovskyi. Recommendations for Designing Wooden Arches on Metal-toothed Plates. Intellectual Archive, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/ia_2021_03_18.

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This paper presents the findings of the pilot studies and recommendations for designing of two-hinged wooden arches. The prototype models of wooden arches with the span of 6mand the rise of 1m were designed. The models had a rectangular cross-section of 180x40mm and a T-section of 180x40mm with a plywood plate with the thickness of 6 mm and the width of 500mm. The main objective of the T-section was to ensure the stability of the arch. Each arch was composed of six segments –boards joined by clamping plates. The bowstring truss including two inclined tie bars enables carrying asymmetric loads and provides in-plane stability of the arch. A methodology for laboratory testing of the prototype models of wooden arches subjected to different types of loads was developed. Two prototypes of wooden arches were tested with rectangular cross-sections and two T-section ones subjected to the loading across the span, and two prototypes subjected to the half-span loading. In total, eight arches were tested. Deflections of arches, cross-section deformations and arch thrust force were recorded. The arches were tested until failure. The results of testing revealed insufficient stability of the arches with rectangular cross-section in the horizontal plane. For the arches with T-section the whole arch rib was damaged, the in-plane stability was ensured by the T-section. The collapsing force of the T-section arch was about 1.3 times greater than the collapsing force of the rectangular section arches.
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Gagnon, Joseph N., Lalji Pavagadhi, and Duane Scarborough. 155-MM Artillery Rearm Module 2, Unicharge. Phase 2. Defense Technical Information Center, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada279852.

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Diehl, Matthew, David Hoyt, Robert McLane, Richard Saganich, and Stanley Turner. 155-MM Artillery Rearm Module with Liquid Propellant, Phase 1. Defense Technical Information Center, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada280213.

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Peters, C. Mechanical test results on Dipole model C-1 25 mm aluminum collars. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5224978.

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Eis, Motti. 120-MM Cargo Mortar Bombs-Complying with the Modern Battlefield Needs. Defense Technical Information Center, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada385870.

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Aursjø, Olav, Aksel Hiorth, Alexey Khrulenko, and Oddbjørn Mathias Nødland. Polymer flooding: Simulation Upscaling Workflow. University of Stavanger, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.203.

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There are many issues to consider when implementing polymer flooding offshore. On the practical side one must handle large volumes of polymer in a cost-efficient manner, and it is crucial that the injected polymer solutions maintain their desired rheological properties during transit from surface facilities and into the reservoir. On the other hand, to predict polymer flow in the reservoir, one must conduct simulations to find out which of the mechanisms observed at the pore and core scales are important for field behavior. This report focuses on theoretical aspects relevant for upscaling of polymer flooding. To this end, several numerical tools have been developed. In principle, the range of length scales covered by these tools is extremely wide: from the nm (10-9 m) to the mm (10-3 m) range, all the way up to the m and km range. However, practical limitations require the use of other tools as well, as described in the following paragraphs. The simulator BADChIMP is a pore-scale computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver based on the Lattice Boltzmann method. At the pore scale, fluid flow is described by classical laws of nature. To a large extent, pore scale simulations can therefore be viewed as numerical experiments, and they have great potential to foster understanding of the detailed physics of polymer flooding. While valid across length scales, pore scale models require a high numerical resolution, and, subsequently, large computational resources. To model laboratory experiments, the NIORC has, through project 1.1.1 DOUCS, developed IORCoreSim. This simulator includes a comprehensive model for polymer rheological behavior (Lohne A. , Stavland, Åsen, Aursjø, &amp; Hiorth, 2021). The model is valid at all continuum scales; however, the simulator implementation is not able to handle very large field cases, only smaller sector scale systems. To capture polymer behavior at the full field scale, simulators designed for that specific purpose must be used. One practical problem is therefore: How can we utilize the state-of-the-art polymer model, only found in IORCoreSim, as a tool to decrease the uncertainty in full field forecasts? To address this question, we suggest several strategies for how to combine different numerical tools. In the Methodological Approach section, we briefly discuss the more general issue of linking different scales and simulators. In the Validation section, we present two case studies demonstrating the proposed strategies and workflows.
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Minnicino, Michael. XM982 155-mm Artillery Projectile Container Support System: Finite-Element Model Development and Analysis. Defense Technical Information Center, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada442026.

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Warrick, Arthur, Uri Shani, Dani Or, and Muluneh Yitayew. In situ Evaluation of Unsaturated Hydraulic Properties Using Subsurface Points. United States Department of Agriculture, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7570566.bard.

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The primary information for accurately predicting water and solute movement and their impact on water quality is the characterization of soil hydraulic properties. This project was designed to develop methods for rapid and reliable estimates of unsaturated hydraulic properties of the soil. Particularly, in situ methodology is put forth, based on subsurface point sources. Devices were designed to allow introduction of water in subsurface settings at constant negative heads. The ability to operate at a negative head allows a direct method of finding unsaturated soil properties and a mechanism for eliminating extremely rapid preferential flow from the slow matrix flow. The project included field, laboratory and modeling components. By coupling the measurements and the modeling together, a wider range of designs can be examined, while at the same time realistic performance is assured. The developed methodology greatly expands the possibilities for evaluating hydraulic properties in place, especially for measurements in undisturbed soil within plant rooting zones. The objectives of the project were (i) To develop methods for obtaining rapid and reliable estimates of unsaturated hydraulic properties in situ, based on water distribution from subsurface point sources. These can be operated with a constant flow or at a constant head; (ii) To develop methods for distinguishing between matrix and preferential flow using cavities/permeameters under tension; (iii) To evaluate auxiliary measurements such as soil water content or tensions near the operating cavities to improve reliability of results; and (iv: To develop numerical and analytical models for obtaining soil hydraulic properties based on measurements from buried-cavity sources and the auxiliary measurements. The project began in July 1995 and was terminated in November 1998. All of the objectives were pursued. Three new subsurface point sources were designed and tested and two old types were also used. Two of the three new designs used a nylon cloth membrane (30 mm) arranged in a cylindrical geometry and operating at a negative water pressure (tension). A separate bladder arrangement allowed inflation under a positive pressure to maintain contact between the membrane and the soil cavity. The third new design used porous stainless steel (0.5 and 5 mm) arranged in six segments, each with its own water inlet, assembled to form a cylindrical supply surface when inflated in a borehole. The "old" types included an "off-the-shelf" porous cup as well as measurements from a subsurface drip emitter in a small subsurface cavity. Reasonable measurements were made with all systems. Sustained use of the cloth membrane devices were difficult because of leaks and plugging problems. All of the devices require careful consideration to assure contact with the soil system. Steady flow was established which simplified the analysis (except for the drip emitter which used a transient analysis).
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