Relevant bibliographies by topics / MMC - Modular Multilevel Converter

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Academic literature on the topic 'MMC - Modular Multilevel Converter'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "MMC - Modular Multilevel Converter"

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G, Ramya, and Ramaprabha R. "A Review on Designand Control Methods of Modular Multilevel Converter." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 7, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 863. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v7.i3.pp863-871.

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Modular multilevel converters (MMC) are an emerging voltage source converter topology suitable for many applications. Due to abundant utilization of HVDC power transmission, the modular multilevel converter has become popular converter type to be used in high voltage applications. Other applications include interfacing renewable energy power sources to the grid and motor drives. Modular multilevel converters are beneficial for high voltage and high power motor drives because of the properties of this converter topology, such as, low distortion, high efficiency, etc. For the past few years significant research has been carried out to address the technical challenges associated with operation and voltage balancing of MMC. In this paper, a detailed technical review on the control strategies is presented for ready reference.
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Diab, Ahmed A. Zaki, Terad Ebraheem, Raseel Aljendy, Hamdy M. Sultan, and Ziad M. Ali. "Optimal Design and Control of MMC STATCOM for Improving Power Quality Indicators." Applied Sciences 10, no. 7 (April 4, 2020): 2490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10072490.

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In recent years, modular multilevel converters (MMC) are becoming popular in the distribution and transmission of electrical systems. The multilevel converter suffers from circulating current within the converter that increases the conduction loss of switches and increases the thermal stress on the capacitors and switches’ IGBTs. One of the main solutions to control the circulating current is to keep the capacitor voltage balanced in the MMC. In this paper, a new hybrid control algorithm for the cascaded modular multilevel converter is presented. The Harris hawk’s optimization (HHO) and Atom search optimization (ASO) are used to optimally design the controller of the hybrid MMC. The proposed structure of modular multilevel inverters allows effective operation, a low level of harmonic distortion in the absence of output voltage filters, a low switching frequency, and excellent flexibility to achieve the requirements of any voltage level. The effectiveness of the proposed controller and the multilevel converter has been verified through testing with the application of the MMC-static synchronous compensator (STATCOM). The stability of the voltage capacitors was monitored with balanced and unbalanced loads on the studied network.
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Chang, Fei, Zhongping Yang, Yi Wang, Fei Lin, and Shihui Liu. "Fault Characteristics and Control Strategies of Multiterminal High Voltage Direct Current Transmission Based on Modular Multilevel Converter." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/502372.

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The modular multilevel converter (MMC) is an emerging voltage source converter topology suitable for multiterminal high voltage direct current transmission based on modular multilevel converter (MMC-MTDC). This paper presents fault characteristics of MMC-MTDC including submodule fault, DC line fault, and fault ride-through of wind farm integration. Meanwhile, the corresponding protection strategies are proposed. The correctness and effectiveness of the control strategies are verified by establishing a three-terminal MMC-MTDC system under the PSCAD/EMTDC electromagnetic transient simulation environment.
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Zygmanowski, M., B. Grzesik, M. Fulczyk, and R. Nalepa. "Selected aspects of Modular Multilevel Converter operation." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 62, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 375–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bpasts-2014-0038.

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Abstract The operation of the Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) is the main subject of this paper. Selected operation aspects are discussed on the basis of the averaged model, with a special focus on power section parameters and control. The direct modulation method has been chosen for the control of the MMC.
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Blaszczyk, P., K. Koska, and P. Klimczak. "Energy balancing in modular multilevel converter systems." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 65, no. 5 (October 1, 2017): 685–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bpasts-2017-0073.

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Abstract The modular multilevel converter (MMC) is a well-known solution for medium and high voltage high power converter systems. This paper deals with energy balancing of MMCs. The analysis includes multi-converter systems. In order to provide clear view, the MMC control system is divided into hierarchical levels. Details of control and balancing methods are discussed for each level separately. Finally, experimental results, based on multi-converter test setup, are presented.
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Wang, Longjun, Guoping Ou, Zhenwei Zhou, Gang Wang, Pengfei Yu, and Zheng Zhang. "Cumulative Fatigue Damage Balancing for Modular Multilevel Converter." Energies 13, no. 18 (September 7, 2020): 4640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184640.

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With many advantages, modular multilevel convert (MMC) has been extensively used in high and medium voltage power transmission projects. The thermal performance and reliability of components in MMC are key issues in system operation. However, in the current research on the reliability of MMC components, there are few methods to improve service lifetime expectancy of the components. This paper proposes a balance control algorithm, based on the cumulative fatigue damage of components, feedback to the control terminal for allocating the sub-module (SM) operating state and generating trigger pulses. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified and discussed in case studies. It is found that this algorithm is able to improve the aging degree of components in the meanwhile, the improvement in MMC reliability comes at the cost of slightly increasing capacitor voltage fluctuations and total harmonic distortion (THD). Due to the limitation of capacitor thermal performance, SM capacitor banks become a weak link in MMC reliability.
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Choi, Z. H., C. L. Toh, and M. H. Z. Hilmi. "Comparative study of two potential recuperating converters in DC railway electrification system for harmonic mitigation." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 1157. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i3.pp1157-1166.

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<span>The regenerative braking energy produced by Light-Rail-Transit (LRT) train is commonly transferred back to power grid via a conventional three-phase inverter (recuperating converter). Although this is a cost saving solution but the ac grid current and voltage waveforms were distorted. Hence passive filters are integrated to mitigate the harmonics. This paper proposed to replace the conventional inverter system with a multilevel converter. Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) converter and Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) are selected to be evaluated in this paper due to their modularity structures. The aim of this study is to determine the most potential multilevel converter to be implemented without additional passive filters. Nine-level CHB and nine-level MMC converters are modeled with MATLAB/Simulink simulation tool. Both converters are modulated with Level-Shifted Pulse Width Modulation technique. The output voltage and current waveforms generated by CHB and MMC are presented with full analysis. It is concluded that MMC converter is more suitable to be used as a recuperating converter. It produces a clean voltage and current waveforms. The voltage and current Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) indexes are found approximate to 8% and 3%.</span>
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de Souza, Victor Ramon França Bezerra, Luciano Sales Barros, and Flavio Bezerra Costa. "Modular Multilevel Converter for Low-Voltage Ride-Through Support in AC Networks." Energies 14, no. 17 (August 27, 2021): 5314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175314.

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New grid-connected systems have imposed additional requirements regarding reliability, power quality, high levels of power processing capacity, and fault support, where power converters have a crucial role in fulfilling these requirements. Overcoming one of these challenges, this paper proposes a new alternative application to improve the low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) support based on the arm impedance employment of the modular multilevel converter (MMC) by attenuating the fault impacts, avoiding overcurrents and overvoltages. This proposal does not require additional hardware or control loops for LVRT support, only using PI controllers. This paper evaluates symmetrical and asymmetrical grid fault impacts on the converter DC side of four converter topologies: two-level voltage source converter topology (2L-VSC), neutral point clamped (NPC), MMC, and 2L-VSC equipped with a DC-chopper, employing the same control structure for the four topologies, highlighting that the MMC contributed better to LVRT improvement under severe grid conditions.
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Chen, Yong, and Xu Zhang. "Voltage Balancing Method on Expert System for 51-Level MMC in High Voltage Direct Current Transmission." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2968484.

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The Modular Multilevel Converters (MMC) have been a spotlight for the high voltage and high power transmission systems. In the VSC-HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current based on Voltage Source Converter) transmission system, the energy of DC link is stored in the distributed capacitors, and the difference of capacitors in parameters and charge rates causes capacitor voltage balance which affects the safety and stability of HVDC system. A method of MMC based on the expert system for reducing the frequency of the submodules (SMs) of the IGBT switching frequency is proposed. Firstly, MMC with 51 levels for HVDC is designed. Secondly, the nearest level control (NLC) for 51-level MMC is introduced. Thirdly, a modified capacitor voltage balancing method based on expert system for MMC-based HVDC transmission system is proposed. Finally, a simulation platform for 51-level Modular Multilevel Converter is constructed by using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The results indicate that the strategy proposed reduces the switching frequency on the premise of keeping submodule voltage basically identical, which greatly reduces the power losses for MMC-HVDC system.
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Yahiaoui, Abdelhalim, Koussaila Iffouzar, Kaci Ghedamsi, and Kamal Himour. "Dynamic Performance Analysis of VSC-HVDC Based Modular Multilevel Converter under Fault." Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés 54, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/jesa.540121.

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The use of high voltage direct current based voltage source converter (VSC-HVDC) in power transmission systems knows a great progress in recent years. Above all, with the new generation of power electronics converters such as the modular multi-level converter (MMC), with his scalable structure it can theoretically meet any voltage level requirement, which allows to increase the size of the power transferred compared to conventional converters. In this sense, this paper presents a study of a VSC-HVDC system based on a modular multi-level converter (MMC). The main objective of this work is to analyze the performance of the VSC-HVDC system based MMC without the AC filters and its control in the event of a fault, during set point changes and unbalanced grid conditions. After realization a mathematical model of the system studied and its control, simulations are done over in Simpower System/Matlab. The results obtained confirm the robustness of the system control and the system gives a good energy quality, that manifests by a good output currant and voltage curves with no need to use a voluminous AC filter.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "MMC - Modular Multilevel Converter"

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Džonlaga, Bogdan. "Contribution to the sizing of the modular multilevel converter." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS297/document.

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Le convertisseur multiniveau modulaire (MMC) est une solution appropriée pour les réseaux HVDC grâce à sa modularité, sa faible fréquence de commutation et sa tension alternative quasi-sinusoïdale. En raison de sa topologie, son modèle mathématique est assez complexe et est donc souvent simplifié au stade de la conception. En particulier, la résistance équivalente au bras R, l'inductance du bras L et le courant circulant sont souvent négligés. Toutefois, les résultats expérimentaux obtenus avec notre prototype monophasé de MMC à pont complet à six niveaux ont montré que ces hypothèses ne sont pas toujours acceptables. Dans ce contexte, l'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier l'impact de R, L et du courant de circulation sur la tension du condensateur du module et sur la zone de fonctionnement du MMC. Premièrement, nous avons étendu le modèle basé sur les intégrales communément utilisé et nous avons clarifié les hypothèses sur lesquelles il repose. Entre autres, des expressions pour les courants de circulation et courant DC ont été développées et comparées à celles que l’on trouve dans la littérature. Cela nous a permis d'analyser l'ondulation de la tension du condensateur du module en fonction de R et L, sans courant de circulation. Deuxièmement, pour surmonter les limites du modèle basé sur l'intégrale, nous avons proposé d'utiliser un modèle MMC invariant dans le temps en régime permanent dans le système dq0. Quelques hypothèses seulement sont nécessaires pour obtenir ce modèle, mais une évaluation numérique est requise. Cela nous a permis d'analyser la tension moyenne du condensateur du module et l'ondulation de tension du condensateur du module en fonction de R et L, avec et sans courant de circulation. Troisièmement, en utilisant le modèle invariant dans le temps en régime permanent, nous avons développé un diagramme PQ détaillé du MMC. Outre la limite de courant AC, la limite de courant DC et la limite d'indice de modulation classiques, nous avons ajouté plusieurs limites internes: courant de l'IGBT, courant efficace des bras et ondulation du courant et de la tension du condensateur du module. Les résultats ont été confirmés par simulation numérique à l'aide d'un modèle détaillé Matlab Simulink SimPowerSystems. Les résultats présentés dans cette thèse pourraient être utilisés pour optimiser le dimensionnement des composants de la MMC en fonction de sa zone d’exploitation et pour évaluer l’impact de différents paramètres sur les performances du MMC
The modular multilevel converter is a suitable solution for HVDC grids thanks to its modularity, low switching frequency and quasi-sinusoidal AC voltage. However, due to its topology, its mathematical model is quite complex and is therefore often simplified at the design stage. In particular, the arm equivalent resistance R, the arm inductance L and the circulating current are often neglected. But experimental results obtained with our 1-ph 6-level full-bridge MMC prototype showed that these hypotheses are not always acceptable. In this context, the goal of this thesis is to study the impact of accounting for R, L and the circulating current on the module capacitor voltage and on the operating area of the converter. First, we extended the commonly used integral based model and we clarified the hypotheses behind it. Among others, expressions for the circulating and dc currents have been developed and compared with the one that can be found in the literature. It allowed us to analyze the module capacitor voltage ripple as a function of R and L, without circulating current only. Second, to overcome the limitations of the integral based model, we proposed to use a steady state time invariant (DeltaSiga) MMC model in dq0 frame. Only few hypotheses are required to obtain this model, but a numerical evaluation is required. It allowed us to analyze the module capacitor average voltage and the module capacitor voltage ripple as a function of R and L, with and without circulating current. Third, using the steady state time invariant model, we developed a detailed PQ diagram of the MMC. In addition to the conventional AC current limit, DC current limit and modulation index limit, we added several internal limits: IGBT current, arm rms current and module capacitor voltage and current ripple. The results have been confirmed by numerical simulation using a detailed Matlab Simulink SimPowerSystems model. The results presented in this thesis could be used to optimize the sizing of the components of the MMC considering its operating area, and to assess the impact of different parameters on the MMC performance
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Moberg, William. "Modular Multilevel Converters for Heavy Trucks." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Elektroniska Kretsar och System, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-167760.

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This thesis examines alternatives for power supply for a heavy truck application based on five different modular multilevel converter configurations that ultimately feed a 3-phase motor. Advantages and disadvantages of the different configurations are being discussed as well as other important factors that play a role in what configuration that is beneficial for the intended application. How half- or full-bridge submodules and battery cells relate to each other to achieve a desired voltage are being explained and calculated. Power losses of the converter submodules are being calculated as well as how a specific battery capacity, with increasing average power consumption, performs uphill according to set requirements. It turns out to be the double-armed modular multilevel converter configurations that has the best performance when it comes to utility, energy storage and the lowest power losses.
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Gebreel, Abd Almula G. M. "POWER CONVERSION FOR UHVDC TO UHVAC BASED ON USING MODULAR MULTILEVEL CONVERTER." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429358686.

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Fehr, Hendrik. "matlab scripts: mmc periodic signal model." Technische Universität Dresden, 2021. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A75460.

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Calculate solutions of a dynamic MMC energy-based model, when the system variables, i.e. the voltages and currents, are given as periodic signals. The signals are represented by a finite number distinct frequency components. As a result, the arm energies and cell voltages are given in this signal domain and can easily be translated to time domain as well.:cplx_series.m cplx_series_demo.m energy_series.m denergy_series.m check_symmetry.m transf2arm.m LICENSE.GNU_AGPLv3 sconv2.m
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Li, Chen. "State Space Modeling and Power Flow Analysis of Modular Multilevel Converters." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71811.

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For the future of sustainable energy, renewable energy will need to significantly penetrate existing utility grids. While various renewable energy sources are networked with high-voltage DC grids, integration between these high-voltage DC grids and the existing AC grids is a significant technical challenge. Among the limited choices available, the modular multi-level converter (MMC) is the most prominent interface converter used between the DC and AC grids. This subject has been widely pursued in recent years. One of the important design challenges when using an MMC is to reduce the capacitor size associated with each module. Currently, a rather large capacitor bank is required to store a certain amount of line-frequency related circulating energy. Several control strategies have been introduced to reduce the capacitor voltage ripples by injecting certain harmonic current. Most of these strategies were developed using trial and error and there is a lack of a systematic means to address this issue. Most recently, Yadong Lyu has proposed to control the modulation index in order to reduce capacitor ripples. The total elimination of the unwanted circulating power associated with both the fundamental line frequency and the second-order harmonic was demonstrated, and this resulted in a dramatic reduction in capacitor size. To gain a better understanding of the intricate operation of the MMC, this thesis proposes a state-space analysis technique in the present paper. Combining the power flow analysis with the state trajectory portrayed on a set of two-dimensional state plans, it clearly delineates the desired power transfer from the unwanted circulating energy, thus leading to an ultimate reduction in the circulation energy and therefore the required capacitor volume.
Master of Science
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Cúnico, Lucas Mondardo. "Estudo do conversor modular multinível." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2013. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/1863.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T17:38:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lucas M Cunico.pdf: 25684121 bytes, checksum: ea9738a6141379467e611c829e42ebe0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-15
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The modular multilevel converter emerged as a new topology of multilevel converters, being introduced in 2002. The advantages of this topology are related to its modularity and scalability. This work presents the study and implementation of this converter, which includes the presentation of the main methods of modulation and voltage balancing of the foating capacitors and startup. The used modulation in modeled using switching functions, its allow one minimize the current ripple at system inductor due the correct selection of carriers shift angles. Moreover a current control and voltages equalization methodology are proposed. It is performed dynamic modeling and quantitative analysis of the converter and it is derived a design methodology. This methodology is used to design and build a 3 kVA prototype with bus voltage of 800 V. The results include transient analyses, efficiency, voltage charging and steady state.
O conversor modular multinível emergiu como uma nova topologia de conversores mutiníveis, sendo introduzido a partir de 2002. As vantagens desta topologia estão relacionadas a sua modularidade e escalabilidade. Este trabalho apresenta o estudo e implementação deste conversor, o que inclui a apresentação das principais metodologias de modulação e equilíbrio da tensão e pre-carga dos capacitores flutuantes. Apresenta-se um estudo da modulação por meio de funções de chaveamento que permite a minimização da ondulação de corrente nos indutores por meio da escolha adequada dos ângulos de defasagem das portadoras empregadas. Para que o projeto da estrutura seja possível, e realizada a modelagem dinâmica e a analise quantitativa do conversor em diferentes condições de operação, sendo derivada uma metodologia de projeto. Esta metodologia de posta a prova com a construção de um protótipo de 3 kVA com tensão de barramento de 800 V. Os resultados obtidos do protótipo incluem avaliações transitórias, verificação do rendimento, pre-carga e operação em regime.
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Schmitt, Daniel [Verfasser]. "Modular Multilevel Converter M2C für Multiterminal HVDC / Daniel Schmitt." Aachen : Shaker, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1053903723/34.

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Najmi, Vahid. "Modeling, Control and Design Considerations for Modular Multilevel Converters." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53703.

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This thesis provides insight into state-of-the-art Modular Multilevel Converters (MMC) for medium and high voltage applications. Modular Multilevel Converters have increased in interest in many industrial applications, as they offer the following advantages: modularity, scalability, reliability, distributed location of capacitors, etc. In this study, the modeling, control and design considerations of modular based multilevel converters, with an emphasis on the reliability of the converter, is carried out. Both modular multilevel converters with half-bridge and full-bridge sub-modules are evaluated in order to provide a complete analysis of the converter. From among the family of modular based hybrid multilevel converters, the newly released Alternate Arm Converter (AAC) is considered for further assessment in this study. Thus, the modular multilevel converter with half-bridge and full-bridge power cells and the Alternate Arm Converter as a commercialized hybrid structure of this family are the main areas of study in this thesis. Finally, the DC fault analysis as one of the main issues related to conventional VSC converters is assessed for Modular Multilevel Converters (MMC) and the DC fault ride-through capability and DC fault current blocking ability is illustrated in both the Modular Multilevel Converter with Full-Bridge (FB) power cells and in the Alternate iii Arm Converter (AAC). Accordingly, the DC fault control scheme employed in the converter and the operation of the converter under the fault control scheme are explained. The main contributions of this study are as follows: The new D-Q model for the MMC is proposed for use in the design of the inner and outer loop control. The extended control scheme from the modular multilevel converter is employed to control the Alternate Arm Converters. A practical reliability-oriented sub-module capacitor bank design is described based on different reliability modeling tools. A Zero Current Switching (ZCS) scheme of the Alternate Arm Converter is presented in order to reduce the switching losses of the Director Switches (DS) and, accordingly, to implement the ZCS, a design procedure for the Arm inductor in the AAC is proposed. The capacitor voltage waveform is extracted analytically in different load power factors and the waveforms are verified by simulation results. A reliability-oriented switching frequency analysis for the modular multilevel converters is carried out to evaluate the effect of the switching frequency on the MMC's operation. For the latter, a DC fault analysis for the MMC with Full-Bridge (FB) power cells and the AAC is performed and a DC fault control scheme is employed to provide the capacitor voltage control and DC fault current limit, and is illustrated herein.
Master of Science
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Costa, de Oliveira Guacira. "Advances in multi-terminal HVDC transmission systems : nonlinear controllers for modular multilevel converters." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASG037.

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Le convertisseur modulaire à plusieurs niveaux est un sujet d'intérêt important et actuel dans le contexte des applications de systèmes de transmission haute tension à courant continu. Cette topologie convient à plusieurs applications, en raison de pertes de commutation plus faibles dues à une fréquence de commutation plus petite, à une faible distorsion harmonique de courant alternatif, à une structure modulaire permettant une construction évolutive, et une maintenance plus simple. Cependant, une stratégie de contrôle plus complexe est nécessaire pour contrôler le courant circulant, pour compenser le déséquilibre de tension entre les circuits et l'équilibrage de tension de SM, de manière à maintenir constantes les tensions des condensateurs de SM. Cette thèse présente deux contrôleurs non linéaires pour un MMC, capables de contrôler les courants circulants et l'énergie dans le convertisseur. Le premier est conçu selon la théorie bilinéaire basée sur le contrôle de rétroaction quadratique. Le deuxième contrôleur proposé est développé en utilisant la théorie de Lyapunov, fortement basé sur des techniques de perturbation singulière et de linéarisation par bouclage. Pour les deux, une étude mathématique est réalisée sur la stabilité, basée sur la théorie de Lyapunov. Ce résultat assure une stabilisation asymptotique pour les trois phases MMC. L'utilisation d'une fonction de Lyapunov implique une vérification formelle de la stabilité et une région explicite d'attraction pour le modèle considéré. Les deux techniques de contrôle sont développées à partir d'un modèle bilinéaire moyen, et la robustesse et les performances sont vérifiées au moyen d'un modèle de commutation MMC provenant des simulations électriques Matlab Simscape. L'évaluation comprend des variations de référence de puissance active et réactive, des conditions de déséquilibre du réseau, des incertitudes de paramètres et même une comparaison avec un contrôleur PI standard. Aussi, pour les contrôleurs non linéaires sont étudiés: l'effet des gains du contrôle sur la dynamique du système et les performances du contrôleur en cas de changement du point de fonctionnement. Les contributions principales de la thèse sont les deux algorithmes de contrôle non linéaires distincts, basés sur un modèle mathématique bilinéaire, conçus pour les convertisseurs MMC; Les deux algorithmes sont capables de contrôler l’équilibrage du courant et énergie du convertisseur au niveau du modèle détaillé du MMC par commutation; Il existe une analyse formelle de la stabilité par la théorie de Lyapunov pour ces systèmes; et une fois que le contrôle proposé n'est pas basé sur un modèle linéarisé, une vaste région d'opération est garantie
MMC is a very important topic in the context of high voltage direct-current transmission systems applications. This topology is suitable for several applications, as a result of smaller switching losses due to lower switching frequency, low alternating-current harmonic distortion, modular structure enabling scalability construction and practical maintenance. However, a more complex control strategy is required to control circulating current, to compensate the voltage imbalance between legs and voltage balancing of SM, such as to maintain SM's capacitors voltages constant. This thesis presents two nonlinear controllers for an MMC, able to control circulating currents, and the energy in the converter. First proposed controller is developed using Lyapunov theory, strongly based on singular perturbation and feedback linearization techniques. Second one is designed following bilinear theory based on quadratic feedback control. For both, a mathematical proof is given for its stability, which is based on Lyapunov's theory. This result provides asymptotic stabilization for the three-phases MMC. The use of a Lyapunov function implies a formal verification of stability and a broad region of attraction for the considered model. Both control techniques are developed by means of an average bilinear model and performances are verified by means of a detailed MMC switching model at Matlab Simscape Electrical environment. The evaluation includes active and reactive power reference variations, grid imbalance conditions, parameters uncertainties and even a comparison with a standard PI controller. Also, for the nonlinear controllers, it is studied the effect of control gains on the system's dynamics. The main thesis' contributions can then be stated as the two distinct nonlinear control algorithms, based on a bilinear mathematical model, designed for MMC converters; Both algorithms are able to control circulating currents and converter's energy at the switching MMC model; There are formal stability analysis by Lyapunov theory for these controllers; and once these proposed controllers are not based on a linearized model, a broad operation region is obtained
Conversor multinível modular é o tópico de interesse amplo e atual no contexto de aplicações de sistemas de transmissão de corrente contínua de alta tensão. Essa topologia é adequada para várias aplicações, como resultado de menores perdas de chaveamento, devido à menor frequência de comutação dos IGBTs, baixa distorção harmônica na corrente alternada, estrutura modular que permite escalabilidade na construção e manutenção prática. No entanto, é necessária uma estratégia de contrôle mais complexa para controlar a corrente circulante, para compensar o desequilíbrio de tensão entre as pernas e o equilíbrio de tensão dos sub-módulos, de forma a manter constantes as tensões dos capacitores dos sub-módulos. Esta tese apresenta dois controles não-lineares para conversores MMC, capazes de controlar correntes circulantes e a energia no conversor. O primeiro é projetado seguindo a teoria bilinear baseada no controle de feedback quadrático. O segundo controlador proposto é desenvolvido usando a teoria de Lyapunov, fortemente baseada em técnicas singular perturbation e feedback linearization. Para ambos, é definida uma prova matemática de sua estabilidade, baseada na teoria de Lyapunov. Este resultado fornece estabilização assintotica para as três fases MMC. O uso de uma função de Lyapunov implica uma verificação formal da estabilidade e uma região explícita de atração para o modelo considerado. Ambas as técnicas de controle são desenvolvidas por meio de um modelo médio bilinear e a robustez e o desempenho são verificados por meio de um modelo chaveado de conversores MMC nas simulações do Matlab Simscape Electrical. A avaliação inclui variações de referência de potência ativa e reativa, condições de desequilíbrio da rede, incertezas de parâmetros e até uma comparação com um controlador PI. Além disso, para os controladores não lineares, são estudados: o efeito do controle de ganho na dinâmica do sistema e no desempenho do controlador em caso de alteração no ponto de operação. As principais contribuições da tese são os dois algoritmos distintos de controle não-linear, baseados em um modelo matemático bilinear, projetados para conversores MMC; Ambos os algoritmos são capazes de controlar o equilíbrio de corrente circulante e a energia do conversor; Há uma análise formal de estabilidade pela teoria de Lyapunov para esse sistema; e uma vez que os controles propostos não se baseiam em um modelo linearizado, uma vasta região de operação é alcançável
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Lyu, Yadong. "Modeling and Control Strategy for Capacitor Minimization of Modular Multilevel Converters." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/75111.

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The modular multi-level converter (MMC) is the most prominent interface converter used between the HVDC grid and the HVAC grid. One of the important design challenges in MMC is to reduce the capacitor size. In the current practice, a rather large capacitor bank is required to store line-frequency related circulating energy, even though a number of control strategies have been introduced to reduce the capacitor voltage ripples. In the present paper, a novel control strategy is proposed by means of harmonic injections in conjunction with gain control to completely eliminate both the line frequency and the second-order harmonic of the capacitor voltage ripple. Ideally, the proposed method works with the full bridge topology. However, the concept also works with half bridge topology with a significant reduction of line frequency related ripple. To gain a better understanding of the nature of circulating energy and the means of reducing it, the method of state plane analysis is employed to offer visual support. In addition, the design trade-off between full bridge MMC and half bridge MMC is presented and a novel control strategy for a hybrid MMC is proposed. Finally, the work is supported with a scaled down hardware demonstration.
Master of Science
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Books on the topic "MMC - Modular Multilevel Converter"

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Institute Of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. IEEE 2745.1-2019 IEEE Guide for Technology of Unified Power Flow Controller Using Modular Multilevel Converter - Part 1: Functions. IEEE, 2019.

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Book chapters on the topic "MMC - Modular Multilevel Converter"

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Steckler, Pierre-Baptiste, Jean-Yves Gauthier, Xuefang Lin-Shi, and François Wallart. "Structural Analysis and Modular Control Law for Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC)." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 179–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37161-6_14.

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Nair, Nithin S., and Mukti Barai. "Performance Evaluation of Carrier-Based Modulation Strategies for Five-Level Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC)." In Advances in Automation, Signal Processing, Instrumentation, and Control, 1369–80. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8221-9_127.

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Grégoire, Luc A., Jean Bélanger, Christian Dufour, Handy F. Blanchette, and Kamal Al-Haddad. "Real-Time Simulation of Modular Multilevel Converters (MMCs)." In Power Electronics for Renewable Energy Systems, Transportation and Industrial Applications, 591–607. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118755525.ch18b.

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Kalariya, Rushikesh Chakubhai, and Mukesh Bhesaniya. "Improved Model of Modular Multilevel Converter." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Signal Processing, 263–78. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6977-2_24.

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Encarnação, Luis, José Fernando Silva, Sónia F. Pinto, and Luis M. Redondo. "A New Modular Marx Derived Multilevel Converter." In Technological Innovation for Sustainability, 573–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19170-1_63.

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Liu, Li, Meng Huang, Liangjun Bai, and Min Qiao. "Maintenance Optimization Strategy of Modular Multilevel Converter." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 995–1003. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1870-4_104.

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Tayyab, Mohammad, Adil Sarwar, and Javed Ahmad. "High Gain DC-DC Converter for Modular Multilevel Converter Applications." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 605–14. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4080-0_58.

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Zhang, Bo, and Dongyuan Qiu. "m-Mode Controllability Applying to Modular Multilevel Converter." In CPSS Power Electronics Series, 155–67. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1382-0_8.

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Outazkrit, Mbarek, Faicel El Aamri, Essaid Jaoide, Azeddine Mouhsen, and Abdelhadi Radouane. "Inner Differential Current Suppression in Modular Multilevel Converter." In Digital Technologies and Applications, 592–602. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01942-5_59.

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Krishnakumar, Lakshmi, and Elizabeth Rita Samuel. "Solar-Fed Hybrid Modular Multilevel Converter for Motor Drives." In Springer Transactions in Civil and Environmental Engineering, 35–46. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1063-2_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "MMC - Modular Multilevel Converter"

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Cunico, Lucas M., Gustavo Lambert, Rodrigo P. Dacol, Sergio Vidal Garcia Oliveira, and Yales Romulo de Novaes. "Parameters design for modular multilevel converter (MMC)." In 2013 Brazilian Power Electronics Conference (COBEP 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cobep.2013.6785126.

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Hsieh, Yi-Hsun, and Fred C. Lee. "Decoupled αβ model of modular multilevel converter (MMC)." In 2017 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecce.2017.8095971.

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Liu, Liming, and Sandeep Bala. "Modular multilevel converter (MMC) based resonant high voltage multiplier." In 2015 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecce.2015.7310367.

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Wang, C., Y. M. Yang, and P. Y. Zhu. "A Hybrid Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) for MVDC Application." In 2019 10th International Conference on Power Electronics and ECCE Asia (ICPE 2019 - ECCE Asia). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/icpe2019-ecceasia42246.2019.8796875.

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Arazm, Saeed, and Kamal Al-Haddad. "ZPUC9-MMC: An Increased Voltage Level Modular Multilevel Converter." In 2021 22nd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icit46573.2021.9453681.

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Jiajie Luo, Kai Lin, Jianing Li, Ying Xue, and Xiao-Ping Zhang. "Cost Analysis and Comparison between Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) and Modular Multilevel Matrix Converter (M3C) for Offshore Wind Power Transmission." In 15th IET International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission (ACDC 2019). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2019.0063.

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Najmi, Vahid, Jun Wang, Rolando Burgos, and Dushan Boroyevich. "Reliability-oriented switching frequency analysis for Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC)." In 2015 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecce.2015.7310441.

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Meshram, P. M., and V. B. Borghate. "A novel voltage balancing method of Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC)." In 2011 International Conference on Energy, Automation, and Signal (ICEAS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceas.2011.6147159.

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R. F. B. de Souza, Victor, Luciano S. Barros, and Flavio B. Costa. "Performance Comparison of 2L-VSC, 3L-NPC, and 3L-MMC Converter Topologies for Interfacing Grid-Connected Systems." In Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas Elétricos - SBSE2020. sbabra, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.48011/sbse.v1i1.2297.

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Nowadays, power converters play a fundamental role in the conditioning and processing of active and reactive power, and are directly related to power quality indexes. In this sense, new multi-level converter topologies have been integrated in order to provide higher power processing capacity with lower harmonic distortion, switch stress, heating, and losses. The use of these structures compared to conventional two-level converters is especially suitable for high power of the order of megawatt. Considering the relevance of this approach, this paper presents a comparative performance analysis among the conventional two-level topology (2L-VSC) and two multilevel topologies in a grid-connected system: neutral point clamped (NPC) and modular multilevel converter (MMC). Simulation test results present the impacts on voltages and currents for the switches and the whole system, as well as the evaluation of the total harmonic distortion (THD) in order to highlight the crucial points of each topology for this kind of application.
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Popova, L., J. Pyrhonen, K. Ma, and F. Blaabjerg. "Device loading of modular multilevel converter MMC in wind power application." In 2014 International Power Electronics Conference (IPEC-Hiroshima 2014 ECCE-ASIA). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipec.2014.6869638.

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