Relevant bibliographies by topics / MMC - Modular Multilevel Converter / Journal articles
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: MMC - Modular Multilevel Converter.

Journal articles on the topic 'MMC - Modular Multilevel Converter'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 May 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'MMC - Modular Multilevel Converter.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

G, Ramya, and Ramaprabha R. "A Review on Designand Control Methods of Modular Multilevel Converter." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 7, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 863. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v7.i3.pp863-871.

Full text
Abstract:
Modular multilevel converters (MMC) are an emerging voltage source converter topology suitable for many applications. Due to abundant utilization of HVDC power transmission, the modular multilevel converter has become popular converter type to be used in high voltage applications. Other applications include interfacing renewable energy power sources to the grid and motor drives. Modular multilevel converters are beneficial for high voltage and high power motor drives because of the properties of this converter topology, such as, low distortion, high efficiency, etc. For the past few years significant research has been carried out to address the technical challenges associated with operation and voltage balancing of MMC. In this paper, a detailed technical review on the control strategies is presented for ready reference.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Diab, Ahmed A. Zaki, Terad Ebraheem, Raseel Aljendy, Hamdy M. Sultan, and Ziad M. Ali. "Optimal Design and Control of MMC STATCOM for Improving Power Quality Indicators." Applied Sciences 10, no. 7 (April 4, 2020): 2490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10072490.

Full text
Abstract:
In recent years, modular multilevel converters (MMC) are becoming popular in the distribution and transmission of electrical systems. The multilevel converter suffers from circulating current within the converter that increases the conduction loss of switches and increases the thermal stress on the capacitors and switches’ IGBTs. One of the main solutions to control the circulating current is to keep the capacitor voltage balanced in the MMC. In this paper, a new hybrid control algorithm for the cascaded modular multilevel converter is presented. The Harris hawk’s optimization (HHO) and Atom search optimization (ASO) are used to optimally design the controller of the hybrid MMC. The proposed structure of modular multilevel inverters allows effective operation, a low level of harmonic distortion in the absence of output voltage filters, a low switching frequency, and excellent flexibility to achieve the requirements of any voltage level. The effectiveness of the proposed controller and the multilevel converter has been verified through testing with the application of the MMC-static synchronous compensator (STATCOM). The stability of the voltage capacitors was monitored with balanced and unbalanced loads on the studied network.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Chang, Fei, Zhongping Yang, Yi Wang, Fei Lin, and Shihui Liu. "Fault Characteristics and Control Strategies of Multiterminal High Voltage Direct Current Transmission Based on Modular Multilevel Converter." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/502372.

Full text
Abstract:
The modular multilevel converter (MMC) is an emerging voltage source converter topology suitable for multiterminal high voltage direct current transmission based on modular multilevel converter (MMC-MTDC). This paper presents fault characteristics of MMC-MTDC including submodule fault, DC line fault, and fault ride-through of wind farm integration. Meanwhile, the corresponding protection strategies are proposed. The correctness and effectiveness of the control strategies are verified by establishing a three-terminal MMC-MTDC system under the PSCAD/EMTDC electromagnetic transient simulation environment.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Zygmanowski, M., B. Grzesik, M. Fulczyk, and R. Nalepa. "Selected aspects of Modular Multilevel Converter operation." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 62, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 375–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bpasts-2014-0038.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract The operation of the Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) is the main subject of this paper. Selected operation aspects are discussed on the basis of the averaged model, with a special focus on power section parameters and control. The direct modulation method has been chosen for the control of the MMC.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Blaszczyk, P., K. Koska, and P. Klimczak. "Energy balancing in modular multilevel converter systems." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 65, no. 5 (October 1, 2017): 685–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bpasts-2017-0073.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract The modular multilevel converter (MMC) is a well-known solution for medium and high voltage high power converter systems. This paper deals with energy balancing of MMCs. The analysis includes multi-converter systems. In order to provide clear view, the MMC control system is divided into hierarchical levels. Details of control and balancing methods are discussed for each level separately. Finally, experimental results, based on multi-converter test setup, are presented.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Wang, Longjun, Guoping Ou, Zhenwei Zhou, Gang Wang, Pengfei Yu, and Zheng Zhang. "Cumulative Fatigue Damage Balancing for Modular Multilevel Converter." Energies 13, no. 18 (September 7, 2020): 4640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184640.

Full text
Abstract:
With many advantages, modular multilevel convert (MMC) has been extensively used in high and medium voltage power transmission projects. The thermal performance and reliability of components in MMC are key issues in system operation. However, in the current research on the reliability of MMC components, there are few methods to improve service lifetime expectancy of the components. This paper proposes a balance control algorithm, based on the cumulative fatigue damage of components, feedback to the control terminal for allocating the sub-module (SM) operating state and generating trigger pulses. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified and discussed in case studies. It is found that this algorithm is able to improve the aging degree of components in the meanwhile, the improvement in MMC reliability comes at the cost of slightly increasing capacitor voltage fluctuations and total harmonic distortion (THD). Due to the limitation of capacitor thermal performance, SM capacitor banks become a weak link in MMC reliability.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Choi, Z. H., C. L. Toh, and M. H. Z. Hilmi. "Comparative study of two potential recuperating converters in DC railway electrification system for harmonic mitigation." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 1157. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i3.pp1157-1166.

Full text
Abstract:
<span>The regenerative braking energy produced by Light-Rail-Transit (LRT) train is commonly transferred back to power grid via a conventional three-phase inverter (recuperating converter). Although this is a cost saving solution but the ac grid current and voltage waveforms were distorted. Hence passive filters are integrated to mitigate the harmonics. This paper proposed to replace the conventional inverter system with a multilevel converter. Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) converter and Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) are selected to be evaluated in this paper due to their modularity structures. The aim of this study is to determine the most potential multilevel converter to be implemented without additional passive filters. Nine-level CHB and nine-level MMC converters are modeled with MATLAB/Simulink simulation tool. Both converters are modulated with Level-Shifted Pulse Width Modulation technique. The output voltage and current waveforms generated by CHB and MMC are presented with full analysis. It is concluded that MMC converter is more suitable to be used as a recuperating converter. It produces a clean voltage and current waveforms. The voltage and current Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) indexes are found approximate to 8% and 3%.</span>
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

de Souza, Victor Ramon França Bezerra, Luciano Sales Barros, and Flavio Bezerra Costa. "Modular Multilevel Converter for Low-Voltage Ride-Through Support in AC Networks." Energies 14, no. 17 (August 27, 2021): 5314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175314.

Full text
Abstract:
New grid-connected systems have imposed additional requirements regarding reliability, power quality, high levels of power processing capacity, and fault support, where power converters have a crucial role in fulfilling these requirements. Overcoming one of these challenges, this paper proposes a new alternative application to improve the low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) support based on the arm impedance employment of the modular multilevel converter (MMC) by attenuating the fault impacts, avoiding overcurrents and overvoltages. This proposal does not require additional hardware or control loops for LVRT support, only using PI controllers. This paper evaluates symmetrical and asymmetrical grid fault impacts on the converter DC side of four converter topologies: two-level voltage source converter topology (2L-VSC), neutral point clamped (NPC), MMC, and 2L-VSC equipped with a DC-chopper, employing the same control structure for the four topologies, highlighting that the MMC contributed better to LVRT improvement under severe grid conditions.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Chen, Yong, and Xu Zhang. "Voltage Balancing Method on Expert System for 51-Level MMC in High Voltage Direct Current Transmission." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2968484.

Full text
Abstract:
The Modular Multilevel Converters (MMC) have been a spotlight for the high voltage and high power transmission systems. In the VSC-HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current based on Voltage Source Converter) transmission system, the energy of DC link is stored in the distributed capacitors, and the difference of capacitors in parameters and charge rates causes capacitor voltage balance which affects the safety and stability of HVDC system. A method of MMC based on the expert system for reducing the frequency of the submodules (SMs) of the IGBT switching frequency is proposed. Firstly, MMC with 51 levels for HVDC is designed. Secondly, the nearest level control (NLC) for 51-level MMC is introduced. Thirdly, a modified capacitor voltage balancing method based on expert system for MMC-based HVDC transmission system is proposed. Finally, a simulation platform for 51-level Modular Multilevel Converter is constructed by using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The results indicate that the strategy proposed reduces the switching frequency on the premise of keeping submodule voltage basically identical, which greatly reduces the power losses for MMC-HVDC system.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Yahiaoui, Abdelhalim, Koussaila Iffouzar, Kaci Ghedamsi, and Kamal Himour. "Dynamic Performance Analysis of VSC-HVDC Based Modular Multilevel Converter under Fault." Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés 54, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/jesa.540121.

Full text
Abstract:
The use of high voltage direct current based voltage source converter (VSC-HVDC) in power transmission systems knows a great progress in recent years. Above all, with the new generation of power electronics converters such as the modular multi-level converter (MMC), with his scalable structure it can theoretically meet any voltage level requirement, which allows to increase the size of the power transferred compared to conventional converters. In this sense, this paper presents a study of a VSC-HVDC system based on a modular multi-level converter (MMC). The main objective of this work is to analyze the performance of the VSC-HVDC system based MMC without the AC filters and its control in the event of a fault, during set point changes and unbalanced grid conditions. After realization a mathematical model of the system studied and its control, simulations are done over in Simpower System/Matlab. The results obtained confirm the robustness of the system control and the system gives a good energy quality, that manifests by a good output currant and voltage curves with no need to use a voluminous AC filter.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
11

Shah, Engr Baqir Ali, Mazhar Hussain Baloch, Dr Amir Mehmood Soomro, Engr Shafqat Hussain Memon, and Dr Dur Muhammad Soomro. "Analysis of Harmonic Distortion Reduction through Modular Multi-Level Inverter using Nearest Level Modulation (NLM) Control Strategy." Sukkur IBA Journal of Emerging Technologies 4, no. 1 (June 18, 2021): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.30537/sjet.v4i1.858.

Full text
Abstract:
The research paper presents the control strategy to reduce THD (Total Harmonic Distortions) losses by the implementation of the Nearest Level Modulation control technique in a Modular Multilevel Converter. Modular Multilevel Converter is found one of the leading technologies in Power Electronics & Control, its applications are very common in HVDC systems, FACTS (Flexible Alternating-current Transmission system), Variable frequency drives and Electric vehicles as well. The power quality of MMC is better and has lesser THD in comparison to conventional converters like 2-level converters with carrier-based modulation techniques. The MMC has been designed with high scalability and has high voltage and power capacity. Sub-module is an integral part of MMC which is built up as an identical and controllable part of it. This converter is also called a controllable voltage source (VSC). Researchers aim to come up with a detailed review of control methods and necessary operations applied to MMC-based systems for HVDC, particularly focusing to control the total harmonic distortions. Power converters use many modulation techniques, but the existing techniques contribute to a great part in switching losses. MMC up to 49 levels, by implementing the Nearest Level Modulation (NLM) technique, is robust and has less complexity for the systems like MMC-HVDC, and the levels control the total harmonic distortions. In this research paper, the reduction of THD by increasing the voltage levels in MMC is comprehensively evaluated. The simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink are used to examine and confirm the proposed control strategy for stable operation of MMC for HVDC application.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
12

Jing, Ji Min, Jing Ze Wang, and Yan Chao Ji. "Research on the Voltage Balance Strategy of Modular Multilevel Converter." Advanced Materials Research 1055 (November 2014): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1055.157.

Full text
Abstract:
The modular multilevel converter (MMC) does not need clamping devices and multiple independent DC voltage source and has a modular structure which is easy to be extended to any level, share a DC side, easy to direct back to back four-quadrant operation and attracts widespread attention. Due to the use of sub-module MMC suspended on the DC side capacitor voltage divider provides synthetic AC output voltage required voltage level and therefore it is essential to the stable operation of the sub-module capacitor voltage balance of the MMC. In this paper, the factors affecting the MMC sub-module capacitor voltage balancing has been carried out a detailed analysis and this paper focuses on the nominal frequency erupted module capacitor voltage control strategies and the average low frequency sub-module capacitor voltage ripple suppression strategies.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
13

Acharya, Anirudh Budnar, Mattia Ricco, Dezso Sera, Remus Teodorescu, and Lars Einar Norum. "Arm Power Control of the Modular Multilevel Converter in Photovoltaic Applications." Energies 12, no. 9 (April 29, 2019): 1620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091620.

Full text
Abstract:
In this paper, a control method is proposed that allows the extraction of maximum power from each individual photovoltaic string connected to the Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) and inject balanced power to the AC grid. The MMC solution used does not need additional DC–DC converters for the maximum power point tracking. In the MMC, the photovoltaic strings are connected directly to the sub-modules. It is shown that the proposed inverter solution can provide balanced three-phase output power despite an unbalanced power generation. The maximum power of the photovoltaic string is effectively harnessed due to the increased granularity of the maximum power point tracking. An algorithm that tracks the sub-module capacitor voltages to their respective voltage references is proposed. A detailed modeling and control method for balanced operation of the proposed topology is discussed. The operation of the MMC under unbalanced power generation is discussed. Simulation results are provided that show the effectiveness of the proposed control under unequal irradiance.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
14

Toh, Chuen Ling, and Lars Einar Norum. "VHDL Implementation of Capacitor Voltage Balancing Control with Level-Shifted PWM for Modular Multilevel Converter." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v7.i1.pp94-106.

Full text
Abstract:
Power electronics converters are a key component in high voltage direct current (HVDC) power transmission. The modular multilevel converter (MMC) is one of the latest topologies to be proposed for this application. An MMC generates multilevel output voltage waveforms which reduces the harmonics contents significantly. This paper presents a VHDL implementation of the capacitor voltage balancing control and level-shifted pulse width modulation (LSPWM) for MMC. The objective is to minimize the processing time with minimum gate counts. The design details are fully described and validated experimentally. An experiment is conducted on a small scale MMC prototype with two units of power cells on each arm. The test results are enclosed and discussed.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
15

Hakimi, Seyed, and Amin Hajizadeh. "Integration of Photovoltaic Power Units to Power Distribution System through Modular Multilevel Converter." Energies 11, no. 10 (October 15, 2018): 2753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102753.

Full text
Abstract:
With the growing of using photovoltaic (PV) units in power distribution systems, the role of high-performance power electronic converters is increasing. In this paper, modelling and control of Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) are addressed for grid integration of PV units. Designing a proper controller for MMC is crucial during faulty conditions to make the converter stable and provide proper dynamic performance. To achieve this goal, a dynamic model of MMC is presented which it includes symmetrical components of voltage and current. Then, adaptive robust current controllers are developed based on sliding mode and fuzzy controllers for MMC and then the robustness and stability of the controllers are proved by the Lyapunov theory. To implement the proposed controllers under unbalanced grid voltage fault, positive and negative sequences current controllers are implemented to compensate the effect of grid voltage fault and load power variation. Finally, numerical results are shown to evaluate the performance of MMC. In the end, the experimental results are given to prove the controller performance. The outcome indicates that the proposed current controllers are more effective under voltage disturbance conditions and could satisfy the stability of MMC.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
16

Fang, Chuanliang, and Guochu Chen. "Research on Precharge Control Strategy of Modular Multilevel Inverter." E3S Web of Conferences 261 (2021): 02039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126102039.

Full text
Abstract:
This paper mainly introduces the Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) topology structure, simple analysis of the working principle of MMC, deduced the mathematical model of MMC. The precharging control strategy of MMC sub-module (SM) is studied, and the charging process is divided into uncontrollable charging stage and controllable charging stage. For the uncontrollable charging stage, an improved DC side pre-charging method is proposed, and a five-level simulation model of voltage-type MMC is established in the Matlab/Simulink simulation environment, and the simulation results of the system are comprehensively analyzed.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
17

Chaudhary, Sanjay K., Allan F. Cupertino, Remus Teodorescu, and Jan R. Svensson. "Benchmarking of Modular Multilevel Converter Topologies for ES-STATCOM Realization." Energies 13, no. 13 (July 1, 2020): 3384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13133384.

Full text
Abstract:
In recent years, the integration of the high-power static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and energy storage in the same device has gained interest. Such a system is referred to as ES-STATCOM. Modular multilevel converter (MMC) topologies constitute a promising converter family for ES-STATCOM realization, providing a modular and scalable solution with a high efficiency that handles high-power and high-voltage ratings in grid applications. There is a gap in technical literature discussing the design and the comparison of MMC-based ES-STATCOMs while utilizing batteries to find the most suitable MMC topology for ES-STATCOMs. Therefore, this paper benchmarks MMC family members for ES-STATCOM realization. Both centralized and distributed energy storage approaches are investigated. The proposed design flowcharts can be employed for comparison and optimization purposes. In total, seven topologies are compared in terms of number of cells, required silicon area and total battery volume. Different semiconductor devices and battery types are analyzed. The result indicates that centralized energy storage systems are the most suitable due to their design flexibility, low volume and small silicon area. Moreover, the possibility of using over-modulation in MMC using bridge cells has an important role in the optimization of ES-STATCOM. The results for the adopted case study shows that the decentralized approach can lead to 55% higher silicon area and 30% higher volume than the centralized approach. The double-star bridge cell MMC with centralized energy storage is determined as the most suitable solution for ES-STATCOM systems.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
18

Yin, Zhijian, Huan Qiu, Yongheng Yang, Yi Tang, and Huai Wang. "Practical Submodule Capacitor Sizing for Modular Multilevel Converter Considering Grid Faults." Applied Sciences 10, no. 10 (May 20, 2020): 3550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10103550.

Full text
Abstract:
Submodule (SM) capacitors are key elements in the modular multilevel converter (MMC), the design of which influences the entire system performance. In practical cases, SM capacitor sizing must consider the abnormal system operation (e.g., grid faults). In order to find a clear design boundary for SM capacitors, a practical capacitor sizing method is presented for the first time in this paper, considering the grid-fault-ride-through operation of the MMC, impact of MMC control system, and aging mechanism of capacitors. The SM capacitor rated voltage, capacitance, ESR, thermal resistance, and lifetime can be decided to ensure reliable operations of the MMC during grid faults. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been verified through experimental tests on a down-scale MMC system.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
19

Acharya, Anirudh Budnar, Dezso Sera, Remus Teodorescu, and Lars Einar Norum. "Modular Multilevel Converter for Photovoltaic Application with High Energy Yield under Uneven Irradiance." Energies 13, no. 10 (May 21, 2020): 2619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13102619.

Full text
Abstract:
The direct integration of Photovoltaic (PV) to the three-phase Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) without dc–dc converters results in high-efficiency PV power plant with increased energy yield. The arm power control method for the MMC further improves the extraction of available power under uneven irradiance across different phases of the MMC. However, the uneven irradiance between the sub-modules results in residual voltage that results in harmonics and unbalance components. In this paper, the effect of uneven irradiance across the sub-module of the MMC is investigated with arm power control method. A modified balancing algorithm for the arm power control of the MMC is proposed which enables balanced power to be injected into ac grid despite uneven irradiance across the sub-modules in the MMC. The modified balancing algorithm enables to keep the unbalance in the phase currents below 10% and the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) is confined as per IEEE 519 standard.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
20

Ma, Xiao Xiao, and Ping Wang. "A Novel SHE Modulation Method for Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) with Reduced Switching Frequency." Applied Mechanics and Materials 313-314 (March 2013): 337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.313-314.337.

Full text
Abstract:
Modular multilevel converter (MMC) is one of the most attractive converter topology intended for high power conversion without transformer. In this paper, a new modulation method for MMC is proposed and verified by simulated model. The main advantage of reduced switching frequency is also proved in the simulation results.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
21

Abildgaard, Elisabeth N., and Marta Molinas. "Modelling and Control of the Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC)." Energy Procedia 20 (2012): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2012.03.023.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
22

Wang, Yang, Ahmet Aksoz, Thomas Geury, Salih Baris Ozturk, Omer Cihan Kivanc, and Omar Hegazy. "A Review of Modular Multilevel Converters for Stationary Applications." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21 (October 31, 2020): 7719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217719.

Full text
Abstract:
A modular multilevel converter (MMC) is an advanced voltage source converter applicable to a wide range of medium and high-voltage applications. It has competitive advantages such as quality output performance, high modularity, simple scalability, and low voltage and current rating demand for the power switches. Remarkable studies have been carried out regarding its topology, control, and operation. The main purpose of this review is to present the current state of the art of the MMC technology and to offer a better understanding of its operation and control for stationary applications. In this study, the MMC configuration is presented regarding its conventional and advanced submodule (SM) and overall topologies. The mathematical modeling, output voltage, and current control under different grid conditions, submodule balancing control, circulating current control, and modulation methods are discussed to provide the state of the MMC technology. The challenges linked to the MMC are associated with submodule balancing control, circulating current control, control complexity, and transient performance. Advanced nonlinear and predictable control strategies are expected to improve the MMC control and performance in comparison with conventional control methods. Finally, the power losses associated with the advanced wide bandgap (WBG) power devices (such as SiC, GaN) are explored by using different modulation schemes and switching frequencies. The results indicate that although the phase-shifted carrier-based pulse width modulation (PSC-PWM) has higher power losses, it outputs a better quality voltage with lower total harmonic distortion (THD) in comparison with phase-disposition pulse width modulation (PD-PWM) and sampled average modulation pulse width modulation (SAM-PWM). In addition, WBG switches such as silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN) devices have lower power losses and higher efficiency, especially at high switching frequency in the MMC applications.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
23

Kim, Sehyun, Kyeon Hur, Jongseo Na, Jongsu Yoon, and Heejin Kim. "Generic Analysis Framework for Modular Multilevel Converter HVDC with Multi-Infeed Line-Commutated Converter HVDC System." Energies 15, no. 1 (December 28, 2021): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15010184.

Full text
Abstract:
This paper proposes a generic analysis framework for a grid supporting modular multilevel converter (MMC)-high voltage DC (HVDC) in a multi-infeed of line commutated converter (LCC) and MMC (MILM) system. MMC-HVDC can support the grid by compensating for the exact reactive power consumptions within the MMC-HVDC system and the varying power system conditions in the MILM system. Maximum active/reactive power capability (MPQC) curve and PQ loading curve comparison process is introduced to properly design a grid supporting MMC-HVDC. While the MPQC curve presents the maximum PQ range of the MMC-HVDC system based on the submodule capacitance value and the modulation index, the PQ loading curve presents the reactive power requirement from the power system that MMC-HVDC needs to compensate. Finally, the comparison of these two curves yields the proper value of submodule capacitance and the modulation index for sufficiently supporting the MILM system. The proposed framework is validated with detailed PSCAD/EMTDC simulation; it demonstrated that it could be applied to various power system conditions.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
24

Chen, Si Yu, Ya Lou Li, Xiao Bo Hu, Li Zhao, and Chao Xi Chen. "Research on VSC-HVDC Based on Modular Multilevel Converter Technique." Applied Mechanics and Materials 577 (July 2014): 588–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.577.588.

Full text
Abstract:
This paper introduces the topology and working principle of modular multilevel converter, simplifying its equivalent circuit before obtaining virtual equipotential. On the ground of the theoretical model of equivalent circuit, MMC-HVDC could adapt the same control strategy as the traditional method. So, on the platform of PSCAD/EMTDC, an eleven level MMC Dual-infeed HVDC system is established and nearest level modulation is adopted as its control strategy to sort voltage sharing of the modules. Experimental results prove the validity of the proposed model.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
25

Huang, Ming. "A Non-Isolated DC-DC Modular Multilevel Converter with Proposed Middle Cells." Electronics 11, no. 7 (April 2, 2022): 1135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11071135.

Full text
Abstract:
Unlike the modular multilevel converter (MMC) topology operated under the rectifier or inverter modes, control of the balanced state for the submodule (SM) capacitor voltage has emerged as the key issue for DC-DC MMCs. This is mainly caused by no balanced alternative powers being used for balancing SM capacitor voltages, which can be absorbed from the input or output DC sides of the converter. Typically, the alternative voltages and currents should be injected to achieve SM capacitor voltage balance in the DC-DC MMC. However, this solution is based on the cost of adopting the bulky LC filter components. For interconnecting different DC voltages in medium-voltage applications, this paper presents a non-isolated DC-DC MMC equipped with the proposed middle cells. It is intended to achieve DC voltage conversion without adopting bulky passive LC filters. On the one hand, the alternative currents, used for balancing the SM capacitor voltages, are arranged for flowing only within the phase legs of the proposed DC-DC MMC without disturbing the input current. On the other hand, through appropriate control of the middle cells, compensated components can be developed to eliminate the undesirable voltages on the output DC side. The middle cells of the proposed DC-DC MMC are supplied with the function of the active filter, which enables the DC-DC MMC system to escape the bulky LC components. Through theoretical analysis and a control strategy, the proposed DC-DC MMC has been analyzed comprehensively. Finally, the simulation and experimental results are verified to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed DC-DC MMC.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
26

Kim, Seung Hyun, Woo Cheol Jeong, and Eel Hwan Kim. "Modeling and Simulation of Modular Multilevel Converter Based-HVDC Connecting to Offshore Wind Farms." Advanced Materials Research 905 (April 2014): 421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.905.421.

Full text
Abstract:
Modular multilevel Converter (MMC) is a new type of voltage source converter (VSC) topology. The use of this converter in a high-voltage direct current (HVDC) system is called by a MMC-HVDC system. The MMC-HVDC has the advantage in terms of scalability, performance, and efficiency over two-and three-level VSC-HVDC. In this paper, the MMC-HVDC system is used to connect between main grid in Jeju Island and virtual offshore wind farms. The aim is to transfer the power from offshore wind farm to the main grid and to compensate reactive power for the main grid. The simulation is carried out by using PSCAD/EMTDC program, and the results will confirm the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
27

Lu, Jiazheng, Qingjun Huang, Xinguo Mao, Yanjun Tan, Siguo Zhu, and Yuan Zhu. "Optimized Design of Modular Multilevel DC De-Icer for High Voltage Transmission Lines." Electronics 7, no. 9 (September 17, 2018): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics7090204.

Full text
Abstract:
Ice covering on overhead transmission lines would cause damage to transmission system and long-term power outage. Among various de-icing devices, a modular multilevel converter based direct-current (DC)de-icer (MMC-DDI) is recognized as a promising solution due to its excellent technical performance. Its principle feasibility has been well studied, but only a small amount of literature discusses its economy or hardware optimization. To fill this gap, this paper presents a quantitative analysis and calculation on the converter characteristics of MMC-DDI. It reveals that, for a given DC de-icing requirement, the converter rating varies greatly with its alternating-current (AC) -side voltage, and it sometimes far exceeds the melting power. To reduce converter rating and improve its economy, an optimized configuration is proposed in which a proper transformer should be configured on the input AC-side of converter under certain conditions. This configuration is verified in an MMC-DDI for a 500 kV transmission line as a case study. The result shows, in the case of outputting the same de-icing characteristics, the optimized converter is reduced from 151 MVA to 68 MVA, and the total cost of the MMC-DDI system is reduced by 48%. This conclusion is conducive to the design optimization of multilevel DC de-icer and then to its engineering application.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
28

Roy, Shalini, and Rahul Pandey. "High Conversion Ratio Converter Using Half-Bridge Sub-Modules." International Journal of Engineering Technology and Management Sciences 4, no. 5 (September 28, 2020): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.46647/ijetms.2020.v04i05.020.

Full text
Abstract:
An appreciable and significant assess of consideration and mindset is currently growing up for power dc-dc converters and its further more consideration is taken towards adoption of Modular-Multilevel Converters (MMC). The paper presents a transformer less MMC by the means of superior and advanced conversion ratio for higher dc-dc power conversion. This converter is being capable of utilized mutually for both the Medium Voltage Direct Current (MVDC) transmission systems and High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission systems, due to its some remarkable distinctive attributes such as modular design, scalability, consistency, tolerance of failures, larger step up and step down ratio and lowers filtering requirements. The MMC idea connects N low voltage sub-modules in sequence to produce a high voltage output. Thus there is no complex control algorithm necessary to stabilize or balance the voltages in every sub-module. Thus the simulation and analysis of a MMC design connected with stray inductances in order to reduce losses is done with an instance of 11-times stepping up ratio.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
29

Qi, Lei, Zhiyuan Shen, Jianjian Gao, Guoliang Zhao, Xiang Cui, and Wei Kang. "Wideband modeling and transient analysis of sub-module in modular multilevel converter." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 36, no. 6 (November 6, 2017): 1792–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-12-2016-0582.

Full text
Abstract:
Purpose This paper aims to establish the wideband model of a sub-module in a modular multilevel converter (MMC) and analyze the switch transients of the sub-module. Design/methodology/approach The paper builds an MMC sub-module test circuit and conducts dynamic tests both with and without the bypass thyristor. Then, it builds the wideband model of the MMC sub-module and extracts the model parameters. Finally, based on the wideband model, it simulates the switch transients and analyzes the oscillation mechanism. Findings The dynamic testing shows the bypass thyristor will add oscillations during switch transients, especially during the turn-on process. The thyristor acts like a small capacitor and reduces the total capacitor in the turn-on circuit loop, thus causing under-damped oscillations. Originality/value This paper found that the bypass thyristor will influence the MMC sub-module switch transients under certain circumstances. This paper proposes a partial inductance extraction procedure for the MMC sub-module and builds a wideband model of the sub-module. The wideband model is used to analyze and explain the switch transients, and can be further used for insulated gate bipolar transistor switch oscillation inhibition and sub-module design optimization.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
30

Ji, Shiqi, Xingxuan Huang, James Palmer, Fred Wang, and Leon M. Tolbert. "Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) Modeling Considering Submodule Voltage Sensor Noise." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 36, no. 2 (February 2021): 1215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2020.3008524.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
31

Tian, Yumeng, Harith R. Wickramasinghe, Zixin Li, Josep Pou, and Georgios Konstantinou. "Review, Classification and Loss Comparison of Modular Multilevel Converter Submodules for HVDC Applications." Energies 15, no. 6 (March 9, 2022): 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15061985.

Full text
Abstract:
The circuit topology of a submodule (SM) in an modular multilevel converter (MMC) defines many of the functionalities of the complete power electronics conversion system and the specific applications that a specific MMC configuration can support. Most prominent among all applications for the MMC is its use in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems and multiterminal dc grids. The aim of the paper is to provide a comprehensive review and classification of the many different SM circuit topologies that have been proposed for the MMC up to date. Using an 800-MVA, point-to-point MMC-based HVDC transmission system as a benchmark, the presented analysis identifies the limitations and drawbacks of certain SM configurations that limit their broader adoption as MMC SMs. A hybrid model of an MMC arm and appropriate implementations of voltage-balancing algorithms are used for detailed loss comparison of all SMs and to quantify differences among multiple SMs. The review also provides a comprehensive benchmark among all SM configurations, broad recommendations for the benefits and limitations of different SM topologies which can be further expanded based on the requirements of a specific application, and identifies future opportunities.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
32

Leow, Yoong Yang, and Chia Ai Ooi. "T-shaped hybrid alternate arm converter with arm energy balancing control for battery energy storage systems." Journal of Electrical Engineering 72, no. 6 (December 1, 2021): 395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2021-0056.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Multilevel voltage source converters (VSCs), such as modular multilevel converter (MMC), cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) and alternate arm converter (AAC), are competent topologies for battery energy storage systems (BESSs) due to modularity, scalability and low harmonic distortion. However, there is a lack of studies about interfacing AAC with a BESS due to the arm energy balancing issue. Redundant sub-modules (SMs) are inserted passively into MMC, CHB and AAC to achieve high reliability; consequently, some of them are constantly idling, resulting in low SM utilization. We propose a novel topology -T-shaped hybrid alternate arm converter (TSHAAC) for BESS applications. In addition to the aforementioned features, the proposed TSHAAC requires lower number of SMs than MMC and AAC, along with lower number of switches than CHB. Moreover, an adapted arm energy balancing control is proposed to take advantage of the redundant SMs that are idling to achieve faster balancing than in conventional AAC configuration. The simulation results validate the integration of TSHAAC configuration in a BESS; the adapted arm energy balancing control is able to improve the balancing duration by 27 %.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
33

Phan, Quốc Dũng, Phu Cong NGUYEN, Phuoc Hoa TRUONG, Dinh Tuyen NGUYEN, Duc Hung NGUYEN, and An Nhuan LE. "Decentralized control of level-shifted carrier-based pwm for modular multilevel interlinking converter in hybrid microgrid." Science & Technology Development Journal - Engineering and Technology 4, no. 2 (April 10, 2021): first. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjet.v4i2.787.

Full text
Abstract:
The interlinking converters is one of the important components in the hybrid mirogrid system, the study of structure and control method of the interlinking converters in hybrid mirogrid has been implemented and achieved positive results. This paper proposes an improved decentralized control of level-shifted carrier-based PWM for a modular multilevel interlinking converter (IC-MMC) in standalone hybrid microgrid (HMG-Hybrid Microgrid). Main research objectives is to study the capability of the decentralized control method proposed for the IC-MMC unit when performing the power exchange control task between the DC and AC bus in the HMG system, increased flexibility in controls. Furthermore, the proposed control method for IC-MMC for HMG is also verified in term of dynamically reconfiguration when changing the number of modules in the MMC when the improve of system reliability is needed. The feasibility of the carrier level shift control method for IC-MMC in HMG has been verified by simulation model on MATLAB/Simulink software to evaluate the ability to exchange power between the DC bus and the AC bus.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
34

Zhao, Chong, Siyu Jiang, Yu Xie, Longze Wang, Delong Zhang, Yiyi Ma, Yan Zhang, and Meicheng Li. "Analysis of Fault and Protection Strategy of a Converter Station in MMC-HVDC System." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (April 30, 2022): 5446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095446.

Full text
Abstract:
With the development of power energy technology, flexible high voltage direct current (HVDC) systems with high control degree of freedom flexibility, power supply to passive systems, small footprint, and other advantages stand out in the field of long-distance large-capacity transmission engineering. HVDC transmission technology based on a modular multilevel converter has been widely used in power grids due to its advantages such as large transmission capacity, less harmonic content, low switching loss, and wide application field. In the modular multilevel converter (MMC)-based HVDC system, the protection strategy of converter station internal faults is directly related to the reliability and security of the power transmission system. Starting from the MMC topological structure, this paper establishes the MMC mathematical model in a synchronous rotation coordinate system by combining the working state of sub-modules and the relationship between each variable of the upper and lower bridge arms of each phase of the MMC. It provides a theoretical basis for the design of the MMC-HVDC control system. The causes of the AC system faults and the internal faults of the converter station in the MMC-HVDC system are analyzed, and the sub-module faults and bridge arm reactor faults in the converter station are studied. The sub-module redundancy protection and bridge arm overcurrent protection strategies are designed for the faults, and the correctness of the scheme is verified by Matlab/Simulink.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
35

Muhammad, Fazal, Haroon Rasheed, Ihsan Ali, Roobaea Alroobaea, and Ahmed Binmahfoudh. "Design and Control of Modular Multilevel Converter for Voltage Sag Mitigation." Energies 15, no. 5 (February 24, 2022): 1681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15051681.

Full text
Abstract:
Voltage sag in a power system is an unavoidable power quality issue, and it is also an urgent concern of sensitive industrial users. To ensure the power quality demand and economical operation of the power system, voltage sag management has always drawn great attention from researchers around the world. The latest research that realizes the power quality conditioning has used dynamic voltage restorers (DVRs), static VAR compensator (SVCs), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFISs), and fuzzy logic controllers based on DVR to mitigate voltage sag. These devices, methods, and control strategies that have been recently used for voltage sag mitigation have some limitations, including high cost, increased complexity, and lower performance. This article proposes a novel, efficient, reliable, and cost-effective voltage sag mitigation scheme based on a modular multilevel converter (MMC) that ensures effective power delivery at nominal power under transient voltage conditions. The proposed method, the MMC, compensates for the energy loss caused by voltage sags using its internal energy storage of the submodules, and ensures reliable power delivery to the load distribution system. Furthermore, control strategies are developed for the MMC to control DC voltage, AC voltage, active power, and circulating current. Detailed system mathematical models of controllers are developed in the dual synchronous reference frame (DSRF). Validation of the results of back-to-back MMC for dynamic load distribution system is analyzed which proves the effectiveness of the proposed scheme for voltage sag mitigation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
36

Hakimi, Seyed, and Amin Hajizadeh. "Voltage Ride through Control Strategy of Modular Multilevel Converter under Unbalanced Voltage Sag." Applied Sciences 9, no. 3 (February 7, 2019): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9030551.

Full text
Abstract:
This paper develops modeling and describes a control strategy for a modular multilevel converter (MMC) for grid-connected renewable energy systems. The proposed model can be used to simulate MMC activity during normal and faulty situations. Firstly, a dynamic model of a grid-connected MMC (GC-MMC), based upon the symmetrical component of voltages and currents, was designed. Then an adaptive robust control approach was established in order to follow the reference currents of the converter and stabilize the submodule (SM) capacitor voltage. The positive and negative sequences of reference currents that were given from the demanded active and reactive power during grid voltage disturbance and a normal situation were then utilized in control loops. Finally, the numerical results for the performance of the MMC throughout voltage sag conditions and the effect of uncertainties on the filter parameters during changing power demands were evaluated. The results specified that the current control strategy is more potent under voltage sag situations and able to fulfill the stability requirements of the MMC.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
37

Barcellona, Simone, Marzio Barresi, and Luigi Piegari. "MMC-Based PV Single-Phase System with Distributed MPPT." Energies 13, no. 15 (August 1, 2020): 3964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13153964.

Full text
Abstract:
The presence and evolution of static power converters in electric grids are growing on a daily basis. Starting from the most used voltage source converter (VSC), passing through the use of multilevel converters, the most recent configuration is the so-called modular multilevel converter (MMC). Because of its intrinsic advantages, it is used not only in high-voltage systems but also in low- and medium-voltage ones to interface renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic (PV) panels. Several configurations and maximum power point tracker (MPPT) algorithms have been proposed and analyzed for MMC-PV-based systems. However, when using distributed MPPTs, partial shading conditions cause a problem. The PV panel can be directly connected to the MMC using its dc link or submodule. Based on this configuration, this paper proposes a novel control strategy that tracks both the ac grid current and ac circulating current for a single-phase low-voltage system to obtain the maximum power under any irradiance condition. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is demonstrated through time-domain simulation results.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
38

Guan, Weide, Shoudao Huang, Derong Luo, and Fei Rong. "A Reverse Model Predictive Control Strategy for a Modular Multilevel Converter." Energies 12, no. 2 (January 18, 2019): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12020297.

Full text
Abstract:
In recent years, modular multilevel converters (MMCs) have developed rapidly, and are widely used in medium and high voltage applications. Model predictive control (MPC) has attracted wide attention recently, and its advantages include straightforward implementation, fast dynamic response, simple system design, and easy handling of multiple objectives. The main technical challenge of the conventional MPC for MMC is the reduction of computational complexity of the cost function without the reduction of control performance of the system. Some modified MPC scan decrease the computational complexity by evaluating the number of on-state sub-modules (SMs) rather than the number of switching states. However, the computational complexity is still too high for an MMC with a huge number of SMs. A reverse MPC (R-MPC) strategy for MMC was proposed in this paper to further reduce the computational burden by calculating the number of inserted SMs directly, based on the reverse prediction of arm voltages. Thus, the computational burden was independent of the number of SMs in the arm. The control performance of the proposed R-MPC strategy was validated by Matlab/Simulink software and a down-scaled experimental prototype.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
39

Darbas, Corentin, Jean-Christophe Olivier, Nicolas Ginot, Frédéric Poitiers, and Christophe Batard. "Cascaded Smart Gate Drivers for Modular Multilevel Converters Control: A Decentralized Voltage Balancing Algorithm." Energies 14, no. 12 (June 16, 2021): 3589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123589.

Full text
Abstract:
Recent Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) topology allows for drastic improvements in power electronic conversion such as higher energy quality, lower power semiconductors electrical stress, decreased Electro-Magnetic Interferences (EMI), and reduced switching losses. MMC is widely used in High Voltage Direct-Current (HVDC) transmissions as it offers, theoretically, no voltage limit. However, its control electronic structure is not modular itself. Especially, the insulation voltage between the submodule gate drivers’ primaries and secondaries depends on the number of submodules. The converter voltage levels cannot be increased without designing all gate driver isolations again. To solve that issue, the novel concept of distributed galvanic insulation is introduced for multilevel converters. The submodule’s gate drivers are daisy-chained, which naturally reduces the insulation voltage to the submodule capacitor voltage, regardless of the number of submodules. The MMC becomes truly modular as the number of submodules can be increased without impacting on the previous control electronic circuit. Such an innovative control structure weakens the link between the main control unit and the gate drivers. This inherent structural problem can be solved through the use of Smart-Gate Drivers (SGD), as they are often equipped with fast and bidirectional communication channels, while highly increasing the converter reliability. The innovation proposed in that work is the involvement of smart gate drivers in the distributed galvanic insulation-based MMC control and monitoring. First, the numerous benefits of smart gate drivers are discussed. Then, an innovative Voltage Balancing Algorithm directly integrated on the chained gate drivers is proposed and detailed. It features a tunable parameter, offering a trade-off between accurate voltage balancing and execution time. The proposed embedded algorithm features a low execution time due to simultaneous voltage comparisons. Such an algorithm is executed by the gate drivers themselves, relieving the main control unit in an original decentralized control scheme. A simulation model of a multi-megawatts three-phase grid-tied MMC inverter is realized, allowing validation of the proposed algorithm. Matlab/Simulink logic blocs allow us to simulate a typical CPLD/FPGA component, often embedded on smart gate drivers. The converter with the proposed embedded algorithm is simulated in steady-state and during load impact. The controlled delay and slew rate inferred by the algorithm do not disturb the converter behavior, allowing its conceptual validation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
40

Toh, Chuen Ling, and P. C. Ooi. "Design a nine-level modular multilevel converter for DC railway electrification system." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 11, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i1.pp151-159.

Full text
Abstract:
<p>A recuperating converter is highly demanded in traction power substation to deliver the braking energy generated by a traction vehicle. Conventional voltage source inverter had been implemented in the traction power station. However, large ac line filters must be installed to improve the quality of ac voltages and currents. This paper proposes to install a nine-level Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) as a recuperating converter. The main aim is to eliminate the need of ac line filters while producing good quality of ac voltage and current waveforms. The MMC is designed and modelled using MATLAB/Simulink Simulation tool. A centralized control of balancing all the sub-module capacitor voltage level is proposed with Third Harmonic Voltage Injection Level Shifted Pulse Width Modulation (THVI-LSPWM) technique. The simulation results prove that with the application of MMC, good quality of ac voltages and currents are being produced. The Total Harmonic Distortion indexes are found less than 3.5 % without using any ac line filters in the system. In addition, the classic DC link capacitance has also being eliminated. </p>
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
41

Behera, Rashmi Ranjan, and Amarnath Thakur. "Finite-Control-Set Predictive Current Control Based Real and Reactive Power Control of Grid-Connected Hybrid Modular Multilevel Converter." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 660. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i2.pp660-667.

Full text
Abstract:
<p>This paper proposes the grid application of modified three-phase topology of Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) using finite-control-set predictive control. This topology has reduced number of switch counts compared to the conventional MMC, eliminates the problem of circulating current and having higher efficiency. A single dc source is required to produce sinusoidal outputs. The number of sub-modules (SMs) in this topology is half of the SMs required in case of MMC, in addition to a single H-bride circuit per phase. The finite-control-set predictive current control scheme for the grid connected dc source through the Hybrid Modular Multilevel Converter (HMMC). This controller controls the desired real and reactive power demand of the grid instantaneously. The simulation study of a three phase grid connected system has been done in Matlab/Simulink and the results are provided for the different real and reactive power demands, to validate the concepts.</p>
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
42

Madichetty, Sreedhar, Abhijit Dasgupta, and Sambeet Mishra. "Voltage Balancing Scheme in MMC – A New Approach." International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 15, no. 4 (August 1, 2014): 389–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijeeps-2014-0096.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract This article proposes an online voltage balancing scheme using a new comparative reference wave modulation technique applied to modified modular multilevel converter (MMMC). Recent applications of modular multilevel converter (MMC) in high-voltage DC systems experience many problems with unbalancing of upper and lower arms, due to which circulating currents are rotating in the legs of MMC. These circulating currents pass through the arm inductors and create power loss across the inductor which consequently affects the efficiency of system. In order to overcome the unbalancing and to reduce the power losses, it proposes a new topology for existing MMC called as MMMC. Its main idea is to the balance the system voltage according to the difference between upper and lower arm currents. The upper and lower arm capacitors voltages can be well balanced by proposed technique. Compared to conventional PWM methods, this method can be realized easily. Particularly, this method has not used any kind of sorting technique, which makes it suitable for MMC with a large number of sub-modules. With experiments, the proposed method has been verified successfully.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
43

Chen, Jian Guo, Cang Bi Yu, Ting Ting Sun, and Kai Jian Ou. "Characteristics Analysis and Simulation Testing on Modular Multilevel Converter VSC-HVDC Based on RTDS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 397-400 (September 2013): 1794–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.397-400.1794.

Full text
Abstract:
Real-time simulation on the Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) VSC-HVDC is one of the most important and difficult technologies in the area of power electronics research. After introduction and analysis on the RTDS simulation technologies for MMC VSC-HVDC study, this paper sets up the simulation model for MMC VSC-HVDC with inter control and researches on its operation and fault characteristics. Moreover, the simulation and testing system for MMC VSC-HVDC with physical control is also set up. The testing result should that, the voltage balancing method and phase disposition (PD) control strategy of the physical MMC control system perform well duing the test.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
44

Yang, Guang Hao, You Bing Zhang, Ji Yun Yu, and Hui Yong Liu. "Modeling and Simulation of MMC-HVDC Energy System." Advanced Materials Research 960-961 (June 2014): 1361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.960-961.1361.

Full text
Abstract:
In order to study the steady-state performance of modular multilevel voltage source converter (MMC-HVDC), a 21-level MMC-HVDC system is modeled by PSCAD/EMTDC software. This system uses the DC voltage and active power controls, which are designed by the fundamental operation principles and mathematical models of MMC-HVDC. By analyzing the steady-state performance of MMC-HVDC, the corresponding simulation waveforms verify the correctness and validity of the simulation model.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
45

Watanakul, Narin. "An application phase-modular rectifier applied to MMC with medium voltage based on wind turbine generator." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 3, no. 3 (August 25, 2014): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v3i3.2996.

Full text
Abstract:
This paper proposes two stages of controller. First stage, direct power control (P-Q control) applied single-phase structure of multilevel modular converter (MMC) , multilevel cascaded H-Bridge inverter with 9-level SPWM injection to medium voltage (24kV) based on wind turbine generator (PMSG)rated capacity 25kVA. Second stage, three-phase PFC rectifier with phase-modular Y-rectifier, boosttype. The separate dc sources (DC-links) average voltage at 178V (Vdc1-Vdc12). This study is concerned with the application, operating, principle, and design example. The unity power factor operation of PMSG is realized by controlling of phase-modular Y-Rectifier system, and the current waveform distortion results increase of the lower harmonics distortion. The P-Q controller can make it possible of the grid line current phase by providing the direct instantaneous power control in the steady state under the active power and reactive power command. The data collected by PSIM and MATLAB simulation are used in comparison with the experimental tester of results. This provides guideline to further analyze and improvement energy efficiency and power quality in electrical system pertinent to wind turbine generator (PMSG). Keywords: Wind Turbine Generator, Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG), Phase-Modular Y-Rectifier, Cascaded H-Bridges, Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC), Power Quality, Unity Power Factor, Harmonics.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
46

Li, Jia Long, Hai Feng Li, Chong Ru Liu, Geng Yin Li, and Zhou Hong Lin. "The Effects of Voltage Level Number on Operation Characteristics of Modular Multilevel Converter." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 1902–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.1902.

Full text
Abstract:
The effects of total voltage level number (TVLN) on behaviors of the modular multilevel converter (MMC) are analyzed in this paper. First, it gives a brief introduction on the MMC system for how the converter generates multilevel staircase waveform. Second, the operation characteristics during the start process are analyzed. The capacitor voltage of a SM, the DC voltage, the exchanging power, and the DC loop current would be all influenced by different TVLNs. Third, the harmonic components in steady state are discussed to reveal the reason why the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the output voltage of MMC reduces when the TVLN increases. Simulation results show the validation of the conclusions drawn in this paper. Furthermore, when the TVLN is small, the THD in SUPWM method is lowest. However, when the TVLN increases, especially greater than 11, the THD in CPS-SPWM method is lowest.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
47

Lawan, Abdurrahman Umar, Haider A. F. Almurib, and Jeen G. Khor. "Modular multilevel converter (MMC) based STATCOM with vector control and virtual impedance voltage compensations." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 1833. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i4.pp1833-1851.

Full text
Abstract:
This paper presents modular multilevel converter (MMC) with circulating current control which provides an improved balanced capacitors voltages. The control is achieved by employing compensation techniques in the external and internal controls of the MMC based static compensator (STATCOM). Performance variations arise during STATCOM non-ideal operation with grid externally and during capacitors voltage transients due to charging and discharging within the MMC that result in the emergence of a voltage disturbance. The proportional integral (PI) controller is usually employed in the external and internal controls for a fast response and reactive current control. In this paper, the performance of the PI controller is improved using voltage compensation in the external control and virtual impedance in the capacitor voltage control within a five-level MMC. The proposed control minimizes the variations in the STATCOM operations with the grid and within the MMC to provide an enhanced overall system response.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
48

Lawan, Abdurrahman Umar, Haider A. F. Almurib, and Jeen G. Khor. "Enhanced decoupled current control with voltage compensation for modular multilevel converter (MMC) based STATCOM." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 1483. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i3.pp1483-1499.

Full text
Abstract:
<p>This paper presents the application of modular multilevel converter (MMC) as a static compensator (STATCOM) for reactive current control. The current control is mostly achieved using proportional controller, proportional-integral (PI) controller, and hysteresis controller among others. PI controllers have the advantage of low harmonics and small variations. However, due to the PI controller’s dependency on the system parameters and also due to the variations within the MMC during capacitors voltage control, variation in the MMC performance during the STATCOM non-ideal operations occur. To mitigate this, an improved performance of MMC will be presented using vector-based compensation concept. The proposed control will be introduced to depress the effect of the dynamics of the MMC based STATCOM non-ideal variations considering the impact of the voltage disturbance. This will be achieved by the introduction of voltage variables to subtract the transient variations from PI controllers’ outputs at the grid-interface; thus, improving the performance.</p>
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
49

Wang, Shuren, Fahad Saeed Alsokhiry, and Grain Philip Adam. "Impact of Submodule Faults on the Performance of Modular Multilevel Converters." Energies 13, no. 16 (August 6, 2020): 4089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13164089.

Full text
Abstract:
Modular multilevel converter (MMC) is well suited for high-power and medium-voltage applications. However, its performance is adversely affected by asymmetry that might be introduced by the failure of a limited number of submodules (SMs) or even by severe deviations in the values of SM capacitors and arm inductors, particularly when the number of SMs per arm is relatively low. Although a safe-failed operation is easily achieved through the incorporation of redundant SMs, the SMs’ faults make MMC arms present unequal impedances, which leads to undesirable internal dynamics because of unequal power distribution between the arms. The severity of these undesirable dynamics varies with the implementation of auxiliary controllers that regulate the MMC internal dynamics. This paper studied the impact of SMs failure on the MMC internal dynamics performance, considering two implementations of internal dynamics control, including a direct control method for suppressing the fundamental component that may arise in the dc-link current. Performances of the presented and widely-appreciated conventional methods for regulating MMC internal dynamics were assessed under normal and SM fault conditions, using detailed time-domain simulations and considering both active and reactive power applications. The effectiveness of control methods is also verified by the experiment. Related trade-offs of the control methods are presented, whereas it is found that the adverse impact of SMs failure on MMC ac and dc side performances could be minimized with appropriate control countermeasures.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
50

Huang, Ming, and Jianhua Li. "Analysis and Design of the Split-Capacitor-Based Sub-Modules Equipped for Hybrid Modular Multilevel Converter." Energies 15, no. 7 (March 24, 2022): 2370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15072370.

Full text
Abstract:
The hybrid modular multilevel converter (MMC) is always featured and profited by the merits of the equipped power valves. Referring to this, a novel hybrid MMC topology equipped with the split-capacitor-based sub-modules (SCSMs) on the AC side is proposed. It aims to increase the utilization of the DC bus voltage with DC fault blocking capability. Especially compared to the hybrid MMC equipped with the full-bridge-based sub-modules (FBSMs) on the AC side, smaller power losses can be achieved for the proposed hybrid MMC, due to the reason that only one semiconductor device of the SCSM is inserted into the current flow route. Structurally, the proposed converter mainly consists of the half-bridge-based sub-module (HBSM) stacks and SCSM stacks. The HBSMs located on the DC converter side of the proposed hybrid MMC are in charge of exchanging active powers, while the SCSMs located on the AC converter side are in charge of shaping the circuit waveforms. Additionally, profited by the specific structure of the SCSM, the DC fault current could be cut off by imposing inversed voltages collected from the SCSM capacitor voltages on the uncontrollable diodes of the IGBTs. For the deep study, a detailed mathematical model and modulation control of the proposed hybrid MMC are analyzed. In addition, an analysis of the balancing control for SCSMs is also provided. Finally, the simulation and experimental results are proposed to verify the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the bibliographies on the topic 'MMC - Modular Multilevel Converter' for other source types:
Dissertations / Theses
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography