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Vrška, Vratislav. "Analýza metodiky zátěžových testů dle MMF." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-360130.
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This master's thesis is focused on the issues of stress testing in the context of financial stability. It consists of two major parts. The first part deals with methodology of general stress tests with special regard to stressed indicators and relevant risks. In the second part, the difficulties and shortcomings of general stress tests are analysed with respect to the dynamic expansion of financial instruments and markets. A special attention is paid to integrate liquidity risk and contagion risk into the current stress testing framework. Furthermore, the alternative instruments for increasing the complexity of banks financial soundness analysis are presented. It can be said that the system of financial stability analysis before the crisis was not sufficient because it did not reflect on all risk exposures. The main contribution of this thesis is the organized presentation of possible solutions which would help to enhance the quality of stress testing outputs and to a certain extent unify these outputs as well.
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Kourtessis, Pandelis. "An investigation of ultra-high capacity MMF links." Thesis, University of Essex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272579.
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Xia, Chunmin. "Advanced electronic distortion equalization for high speed SMF and MMF communications." Aachen Shaker, 2008. http://d-nb.info/988686953/04.
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Hartmann, P. "Robust transmission of RF signals over multimode fibre (MMF) beyond the fibre-bandwidth." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.603818.
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Because of its limited bandwidth Multi-Mode Fibre (MMF) was until recently thought unsuitable to carry high dynamic range RF modulated ranges. Although it was observed that the response of a laser-based MMF shows a passband response with only little attenuation beyond the 3 dB-bandwidth, researchers have found this passband response to be very unstable and segmented by deep troughs. In this work a controlled launch technique is proposed, which results in stable and low-penalty transmission over the majority of installed-base MMF links. It was found that more than 99 % of all 62.5 μm core-diameter MMFs (62MMF) in the installed base will support RF carrier frequencies up to at least GHz over distances of up to 600 m. Furthermore, low-penalty transmission is possible beyond 1000 m for a smaller percentage of fibres. It is also shown that the tolerance on the launch position is large enough to allow for a low-cost design of the optical components. Further, a number of semiconductor lasers, designed for uncooled digital applications, were assessed in terms of their analogue modulation performance. It was found that different laser structures (DFB, EP and VCSEL) exhibit sufficiently linearity performance for analogue operation with a typical spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of at least 90 dB . Hz2/3, even when operated uncooled at elevated temperatures of 85 °C, which is a value high enough to support most current in-building wireless systems. Finally it is shown for the first time that low-bandwidth MMF and low-cost digital lasers can be combined for the implementation of high-speed analogue optical links. A link analysis was carried out which showed that even with passband losses of up to 24 dBe, which is the maximum attenuation observed in 99 % of the installed base 62MMF, a high dynamic range RoF system with a SFDR of above 95 dB . Hz2/3 can be designed. A link is presented which supports the transmission of RF signals at carrier frequencies of up to 20 GHz with very little penalty, using a directly modulated laser diode and both low- and high-bandwidth MMF.
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Bayramov, Emil. "Quantitative Assessment of Vegetation Renaturation and Soil Degradation and their Control by Climate and Ground Factors along Rights-of-Way of Petroleum/Gas Pipelines, Azerbaijan." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-103603.
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The construction of Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) Oil and South Caucasus Gas (SCP) pipelines was completed in 2005. The Azerbaijan section of BTC Oil and SCP Gas pipelines is 442 km long and 44 m wide corridor named as the Right-of-Way. BTC and SCP pipelines are aligned parallel to each other within the same 44m corridor. The construction process of the pipelines significantly disturbed vegetation and soil cover along Right-of-Way of pipelines. The revegetation and erosion control measures were conducted after the completion of construction to restore the disturbed footprints of construction activities. The general goals of the present studies, dedicated to the environmental monitoring of revegetation and planning of erosion control measures were: to evaluate the status of the revegetation in 2007 since the completion of the construction activities in 2005, to determine the climate and ground factors controlling the vegetation regrowth and to predict erosion-prone areas along Right-of-Way of pipelines. Regression and root mean square error analysis between the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) of IKONOS images acquired in 2007 and in-situ estimations of vegetation cover percentage revealed R2 equal to 0.80 and RMSE equal to 6% which were optimal for the normalization of NDVI to vegetation cover. The total area of restored vegetation cover between 2005 and 2007 was 8.9 million sq. m. An area of 10.7 million sq. m. of ground vegetation needed restoration in order to comply with the environmental acceptance criteria. Based on the Global Spatial Regression Model, precipitation, land surface temperature and evapotranspiration were determined as the main climate factors controlling NDVI of grasslands along Right-of-Way of pipelines. In case of croplands, precipitation, evapotranspiration and annual minimum temperature were determined as the main factors controlling NDVI of croplands. The regression models predicting NDVI for grasslands and croplands were also formulated.
The Geographically Weighted Regression analyses in comparison with the global regression models results clearly revealed that the relationship between NDVI of grasslands and croplands and the predictor variables was spatially non-stationary along the corridor of pipelines. Even though the observed R2 value between elevation and NDVI of grasslands was low (R2= 0.14), the accumulation of the largest NDVI patterns was observed higher than 150m elevation. This revealed that elevation has non-direct control of NDVI of grasslands through its control of precipitation and temperature along the grasslands of Right-of-Way. The spatial distribution percentage of NDVI classes within slope aspect categories was decreasing in the southern directions of slope faces. Land surface temperature was decreasing with elevation but no particular patterns of land surface temperature in the relationship with NDVI accumulation within the aspect categories were observed. Aspect categories have non-direct control of NDVI and there are some other factors apart from land surface temperature which require further investigations.
Precipitation was determined to be controlling the formation of topsoil depth and the topsoil obviously controls the VC growth of grasslands as one of the main ground factors. The regression analysis between NDVI of grasslands and croplands with groundwater depth showed very low correlation. But the clustered patterns of vegetation cover were observed in the relationship with groundwater depth and soil moisture for both grasslands and croplands. The modeling of groundwater depth relative to soil moisture and MODIS NDVI of grasslands determined that the threshold of groundwater depth for vegetation growth is in the range of 1-5 m. MODIS NDVI and soil moisture did not reveal a significant correlation. Soil moisture revealed R2 equal to 0.34 with elevation, R2 equal to 0.23 with evapotranspiration, R2 equal to 0.57 with groundwater depth and R2 equal to 0.02 with precipitation. This allowed to suspect that precipitation is not the main factor controlling soil moisture whereas elevation, evapotranspiration and groundwater depth have non-direct control of soil moisture. Therefore, soil moisture has also non-direct control of vegetation cover growth along the corridor of pipelines. The variations of soil moisture in the 1-3 m soil depth range may have the threshold of depth controlling vegetation cover regrowth and this requires more detailed soil moisture data for further investigations. The reliability of the Global Spatial Regression Model and Geographically Weighted Regression predictions is limited by the MODIS images spatial resolution equal to 250 m and spectral characteristics. The Morgan-Morgan-Finney (MMF) and Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) predictions revealed non-similarity in the spatial distribution of soil loss rates along Right-of-Way. MMF model revealed more clustered patterns of predicted critical erosion classes with soil loss more than 10 ton/ha/year in particular ranges of pipelines rather than Universal Soil Loss Equation model with the widespread spatial distribution. Paired-Samples T-Test with p-value less than 0.05 and Bivariate correlation with the Pearson\'s correlation coefficient equal to 0.23 showed that the predictions of these two models were significantly different.
Verification of USLE- and MMF- predicted erosion classes against in-situ 316 collected erosion occurrences collected in the period of 2005-2012 revealed that USLE performed better than MMF model along pipeline by identifying of 192 erosion occurrences out of 316, whereas MMF identified 117 erosion sites. USLE revealed higher ratio of frequencies of erosion occurrences within the critical erosion classes (Soil Loss > 10 t/ha), what also showed higher reliability of soil loss predictions by USLE. The validation of quantitative soil loss predictions using the measurements from 48 field erosion plots revealed higher R2 equal to 0.67 by USLE model than by MMF. This proved that USLE-predicted soil loss rates were more reliable than MMF not only in terms of spatial distributions of critical erosion classes but also in the quantitative terms of soil loss rates. The total number of erosion-prone pipeline segments with the identified erosion occurrences was 316 out of 38376. The number of erosion-prone pipeline segments realistically predicted by USLE model e.g. soil loss more than 10 t/ha was 97 whereas MMF predicted only 70 erosion-prone pipeline segments. The regression analysis between 354 USLE and MMF erosion-prone segments revealed R2 equal to 0.36 what means that the predictions by USLE and MMF erosion models are significantly different on the level of pipeline segments. The average coefficients of variation of predicted soil loss rates by USLE and MMF models and the number of accurately predicted erosion occurrences within the geomorphometric elements of terrain, vegetation cover and landuse categories were larger in the USLE model. This supported the hypothesis that larger spatial variations of erosion prediction models can contribute to the better soil loss prediction performance and reliability of erosion prediction models. This also supported the hypothesis that better understanding of spatial variations within geomorphometric elements of terrain, land-use and vegetation cover percentage classes can support in the selection of the appropriate erosion models with better performance in the particular areas of pipelines. Qualitative multi-criteria assessment for the determination of erosion-prone areas revealed stronger relations with the USLE predictions rather than with MMF. Multi-criteria assessment identified 35 of erosion occurrences but revealed more reliable predictions on the level of terrain units. Predicted erosion-prone areas by USLE revealed higher correlation coefficient with erosion occurrences than MMF model within terrain units what proved higher reliability of the USLE predictions and its stronger relation with the multi-criteria assessment.
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Hintnaus, Viktor. "Problémy rozvojové pomoci." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-1720.
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Obsahem diplomové práce je kritická analýza rozvojové pomoci ukazující na její největší problémy. Hlavním tématem práce je role konceptu podmíněnosti, který hraje v rozvojové pomoci důležitou roli. Ten je posléze aplikován na případovou studii, která se koncentruje na země Subsaharské Afriky ? Ghanu, Ugandu a Botswanu.
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Schöllmann, Stefan [Verfasser]. "Optimierung des Bandbreiten-Längenproduktes optischer MMF-Übertragungssysteme durch Anwendung der MIMO-Technik / Stefan Schöllmann." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1019869968/34.
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Xia, Chunmin [Verfasser]. "Advanced Electronic Distortion Equalization for High Speed Optical SMF and MMF Communications / Chunmin Xia." Aachen : Shaker, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1162790458/34.
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Santinoni, Mariana. "Překonání důsledků argentinské finanční krize od roku 2002." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-16488.
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This thesis focuses on the economic impact of the financial crisis that Argentina suffered between 2001 and 2002. It mainly analyses how the government approached such situation. The Currency Board regime ended and was substituted by a floating regime. Also many emergency measures were adopted in order to avoid even more chaotic situations. This thesis also deals with fiscal and monetary policy adopted in the longer term, which more or less until today reflexes the consequences of the crisis, i.e. fight against inflation, market regulation and sovereign debt towards official institutions and private investors.
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Deodhar, Rajesh Pranay. "The Flux-MMF diagram technique and its applications in analysis and comparative evaluation of electrical machines." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1996. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3241/.
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The thesis describes a new technique, called the flux-MMF diagram technique, for analysis and comparative evaluation of electrical machines. The technique has evolved from the principle of virtual work, and the -i diagram, used commonly in designing switched reluctance machines and relays. Several applications of this technique are demonstrated in the thesis, supported by experimental validation. These are, the prediction of electromagnetic and cogging torque ripple, modelling of the effect of skew on torque and torque ripple, modelling of the variation of torque constant due to saturation, and comparative evaluation of different types of electrical machines. The thesis shows that the technique can be applied successfully in analysis of a wide variety of electrical machines. These include conventional machines such as the DC commutator, PM brushless AC, Interior PM, and the synchronous reluctance machine; as well as non-conventional machines such as the switched reluctance, PM brushless DC, and the doubly-salient PM machine. The technique has been implemented in a finite-element software, with the help of a link program which links the FE software with the dimensioning or sizing software, such as PC-BDC, produced by the SPEED Laboratory. The link program serves as a vital means of shortening the time it takes to analyse a new design in an FE software, by several orders of magnitude. The thesis also describes a new brushless doubly-salient permanent-magnet machine, called the flux-reversal machine. The design and fabrication process, and the experimental results are presented for a prototype single-phase, high-speed flux-reversal generator. The performance analysis of the prototype based on the flux-MMF diagram technique is included, and this validates its capability in analysing new and non-conventional machines, which cannot be analysed using the classical means.
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Buldrová, Monika. "Příčiny finančních krizí v Mexiku a jihovýchodní Asii." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2006. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-458.
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Práce se zabývá analýzou příčin finančních krizí v Mexiku a jihovýchodní Asii. Finanční krize v Mexiku (1994) byla první svého druhu v novodobé historii a zasáhla mnoho dalších ekonomik především v Latinské Americe. Krize, která propukla v roce 1997 v Asii, byla naprosto neočekávaná. Cílem práce je tedy identifikovat příčiny vzniku krize, porovnat kritické faktory u obou krizí a pokusit se odpovědět na otázku, proč byly varovné příznaky v případě Asie většinou přehlíženy.
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Hromádka, Jan. "Analýza postavení a činnosti Mezinárodního měnového fondu ve světové ekonomice." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-4027.
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The thesis analyzes how IMFs operations transformed as the changes took place in the global economy after world war two. Policy and means used by IMF to achieve its purposes are examined focusing on their effectiveness. The analysis illustrates an apparent change in the role the institution is playing in the global economy. In the first three decades after the world war two the IMFs key role was to maintain surveillance over the rules of the monetary system established at international financial conference in Bretton Woods. The introduction of floating exchange rate systems in developed countries, oil crisis and independence of many African countries caused a shift in IMFs main focus towards developing countries, long-term financing and technical assistance. The analysis concludes that the institution was only in part successful in its mission to maintain global economic stability only in part. In the nineties it reacted promptly to financial crisis by introduction of new facilities and by activating in coordination with other global players of large financial support for the affected countries. However in the period before the financial crisis occurred more attention IMF should have given more attention to precautionary measures eliminating the risks associated with capital volatility.
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Fibich, Ernst Rudolf Christian. "Therapie und Langzeit-Verlauf von erwachsenen Patienten mit refraktärem Evans-Syndrom im Rahmen einer Dosisfindungsstudie mit Mycophenolat-Mofetil (MMF)." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=972496599.
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Ševčíková, Ivana. "Aktuální otázky činnosti Mezinárodního měnového fondu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-2442.
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Mezinárodní měnový fond (MMF) je mezinárodní organizace o 185 členech, jejímž hlavním cílem je zajistit stabilitu mezinárodního měnového systému. Cílem této diplomové práce je přiblížit jejímu čtenáři, jaká je role Mezinárodního měnového fondu v současné světové ekonomice, jakým problémům musí čelit a s jakými výzvami se potýká. Práce nejprve představí okolnosti vzniku MMF, jeho cíle, výhody a povinnosti členů, jeho organizační strukturu a finanční zdroje. Následně přiblíží aktivity MMF včetně spolupráce se Světovou bankou a Světovou obchodní organizací. Pozornost je věnována i kritickým hlasům vně i uvnitř MMF, které jej přinutily k reformám v rámci programu Medium Term Strategy, jímž se zabývá poslední kapitola této práce.
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Watt, Michael R. "The ashore infrastructure requirements needed to support Mobile Maintenance Facilities (MMF) for intermediate maintenance on the next generation aircraft carrier (CVNX)." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/7996.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedIntermediate Level Aviation Mobile Maintenance is currently conducted by the United States Marine Corps (USMC), Marine Aviation Logistics Squadrons (MALS) and also the USMC and United States Navy (USN) Electronic Warfare Community using a type of Mobile Facility (MF). The system is designed to be flexible and adaptable to changing mission requirements. This thesis investigates whether the same type of system could be utilized on the next generation aircraft carrier (CVNX). The shipboard and ashore locations for the MF are investigated and the appropriate time to move them ashore as well. The proposed system is examined from an ashore perspective, and the infrastructure required to support the MF when offloaded from the aircraft carrier identified. The responsibility. transportation, site plan, complexing, power requirements, and manning issues are each addressed for the proposed system. The analysis of the proposed system reveals that the costs associated with: procurement, configuration, transportation. ancillary gear, and maintenance to implement the proposed system are quite large. Also, the manning at both the shipboard and ashore commands would need to adjust as well. The changes required to execute the proposed system would require extensive investment and the return on this investment would not be realized until all aircraft carriers had implemented the proposed system
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Vitt, Esther. "Die entwicklungsphysiologische Regulation der Inosin 5'-Monophasphat-Dehydrogenase-Aktivität und deren pharmakologische Inhibition durch Mycophenolat Mofetil (MMF) in der Pädiatrischen Nierentransplantation." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-168504.
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Watt, Michael R. "The ashore infrastructure requirments [sic] needed to support Mobile Maintenance Facilities (MMF) for intermediate maintenance on the next generation aircraft carrier (CVNX) /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1999. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA376165.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1999."December 1999". Thesis advisor(s): Ira Lewsi, Don Eaton. Includes bibliographical references (p. 133-136). Also available online.
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Feres, Mariana Massimino. "Estudo de redes ópticas heterogêneas associado à investigação de técnicas avançadas de monitoração de desempenho (OPM)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18155/tde-11122014-160401/.
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Os avanços tecnológicos apontam para uma renovação da infraestrutura atual de comunicações ópticas, de modo a torná-la adequada à operação dentro dos novos paradigmas das redes, em que a elasticidade e eficiência espectrais se aliam à alta capacidade de transmissão. Sob o ponto de vista do planejamento de uma operadora de telecomunicação, é desejável que a substituição de equipamentos ocorra de forma mais gradual e que a operação da infraestrutura atual seja otimizada para acomodar a demanda por alta capacidade sem requerer a construção de uma infraestrutura completamente nova. Neste contexto, esta tese investiga estratégias de otimização combinando técnicas que utilizam múltiplas taxas de transmissão (MLR – Mixed Line Rate) e múltiplos formatos de modulação (MMF – Multiple Modulation Formats) com foco em um cenário condizente a realidade brasileira, com taxa de transmissão de 10 Gbit/s modulados com a técnica não retorna a zero (NRZ – non return to zero), migrando para taxa de 40 e/ou 100 Gbit/s. São analisados os benefícios proporcionados com o uso de redes MLR-MMF em comparação com a substituição da rede legada por apenas uma taxa (SLR – single line rate). A infraestrutura da camada física considerada é uniforme e pode transportar sinais de 10/40/100 Gbit/s, apenas os tipos de transponders são diferentes. Para analisar o desempenho da rede descrita é proposto um modelo de integração entre as ferramentas MatLab e OptiSystem. A primeira é utilizada para definir a rota e a segunda para simular a propagação do sinal óptico na fibra ao longo da rota escolhida. Os valores de taxa de erro de bit (BER – Bit Error Rate) e a relação sinal ruído óptica (OSNR – Optical Signal Noise Rate) são armazenados em um banco de dados para uso posterior. Dessa forma diversas topologias podem ser analisadas. Em uma rede real esse tipo de informação pode ser obtido por meio de técnicas de monitoramento óptico (OPM – Optical Performance Monitoring). Por esse motivo, também são investigados e testados experimentalmente dois métodos de monitoramento da OSNR: i) anulamento da polarização para obter OSNR e ii) monitor multiparâmetro baseado em modulação da polarização em baixa frequência. A partir das análises, concluiu-se que o uso de redes MLR-MMF pode ser uma alternativa para equilibrar o consumo energético e a probabilidade de bloqueio (PB). A opção por esse tipo de rede ajuda na economia energética e mantém a PB em níveis aceitáveis. Além disso, o uso de monitoramento óptico auxilia na obtenção de informações usadas para controlar e gerenciar eficientemente recursos de rede cumprindo os requisitos de qualidade de serviço.Technological advances point out to an upgrade on the current optical communication infrastructure in order to adequate it to the new networks paradigms, where elasticity and spectral efficiency are associated to the high capacity transmission. From the perspective of a telecom operator planning, it is desirable that the equipment replacement occurs as gradually as possible and that the operation of the current infrastructure is optimized to accommodate the demand for high capacity without requiring the build-upof a completely new infrastructure. In this context, this thesis investigates optimization strategies combining MLR (mixed line rate) and MMF (multiple modulation formats) techniques focusing on a scenario similar to the Brazilian reality, with a transmission rate of 10 Gbit/s NRZ modulated, switching to a rate of 40 and/or 100 Gbit/s. The benefits provided by the use of MMF-MLR network (non return to zero)s compared to the replacing based on a legacy network by only one rate (SLR single line rate) are discussed. The infrastructure of the physical layer is considered uniform and can carry signals 10/40/100 Gbit/s, only the transponder configurations are different. To analyze the network performance we proposed an integration of MATLAB and OptiSystem tools. The first is used to define the route and the second to simulate the propagation of the optical signal in the fiber along the chosen route. The BER and OSNR values are stored in a database for later use. In this way several topologies can be analyzed. In a real network such information may be obtained by optical monitoring techniques (OPM). For this reason, two methods for monitoring OSNR are also investigated: i) the polarization nulling and ii) multiparameter monitor based on modulation of polarization at low frequency. From the analysis it was concluded that the use of MMF-MLR schemes can be an alternative to balance the energy consumption and the blocking probability (BP). The option for this type of network saves energy and helps maintaining BP within acceptable levels. Furthermore, the use of optical monitoring allows the gathering of information used to control and efficiently manage network resources meeting the requirements for quality of service.
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Brehmer, Franziska [Verfasser], Gunnar [Akademischer Betreuer] Brandhorst, Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Oellerich, and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Koziolek. "Der Einfluss von Mycophenolat-Mofetil (MMF) auf die renale Fibrogenese: Bedeutung für neue therapeutische Ansätze / Franziska Brehmer. Gutachter: Michael Oellerich ; Michael Koziolek. Betreuer: Gunnar Brandhorst." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1042690448/34.
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Dostálek, Marek. "Měnové krize a role Mezinárodního měnového fondu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-16486.
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Thesis analyses role of International Monetary Fund in currency crises its proceedings and instruments and thereof arising criticism. In the first chapter there are stated definitions of currency crises, described their causes and possibilities of prevention. Short description of the Fund and used instruments in its operations are also included. The main focus is on analysis of the approach of the IMF to significant currency crises since 1990's. Mexican, south-east Asian, Argentinean and Icelandic crises are analyzed. As a practical aspect of the thesis approach of the IMF to currency crisis in the Czech republic in 1997 is examined as well. In analysis there is always stated overall description of the crisis, approach of the IMF to mitigation of the crisis and thereof arising experts' criticism. In the last chapter there is analysis of certain reports and commissions that dealt with Fund's operations and suggested reforms. Experts' opinions (Kenen, Sedlacek, Jonas) of the IMF's functioning and its summary are also part of the chapter.
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Rábová, Anna. "Reforma Mezinárodního měnového fondu v souvislosti s vývojem světové ekonomiky." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-81586.
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This thesis deals with the development of the International Monetary Fund from its establishment to the present in connection with the changing reality in the world economy and with its reform in the new millennium that was caused by the unsuitable form of this institution considering the current situation in the world economy. In the third part it deals with the development of this reform in connection with the last financial crisis and with the impact of this crisis on the International Monetary Fund.
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Jovičić, Elena. "Mezinárodní ekonomické organizace a vlivy jejich aktivit na vývoj mezinárodního obchodu." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264700.
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The necessity for a more adequate regulation of global trade relations (including support for the liberalization and development of international trade), in the context of the deepening globalization processes, requires a greater level of involvement of international economic organizations and more effective implementation of their activities. The primary purpose of the dissertation is to determine whether and how the World Trade Organization, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group have influenced the development of international trading system. The results of this thesis show that international organizations (primarily WTO and UNCTAD) during various stages of its development have been significantly affecting international trade growth mainly through the implementation of specific activities and measures related to a series of agreements and decisions. However, international organizations have had a divergent impact on international trade. The effectiveness of the implementation of specific activities and programs were depending on the political and economic situation of member countries, as well as the governments´ readiness and willingness to implement these measures. On the other hand, the effectiveness of realization of specific activities have been affected by either the internal weaknesses of the organizations, or the insufficient level of cooperation and coordination in the implementation of joint programs and measures aimed at international trade development.
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Vitt, Esther [Verfasser], and Lutz [Akademischer Betreuer] Weber. "Die entwicklungsphysiologische Regulation der Inosin 5'-Monophasphat-Dehydrogenase-Aktivität und deren pharmakologische Inhibition durch Mycophenolat Mofetil (MMF) in der Pädiatrischen Nierentransplantation / Esther Vitt. Betreuer: Lutz Weber." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2014. http://d-nb.info/105125860X/34.
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Plocková, Kateřina. "Islandská ekonomika po krizi a perspektivy jejího budoucího vývoje." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-205308.
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Diploma thesis deals with the recovery of the Icelandic economy after the financial crisis that affected the country in 2008. The thesis is divided into four main chapters. The first chapter focuses on theoretical view on the financial crisis and the typology of each crisis. The second chapter describes pre-crisis economic development, triggers and the subsequent collapse of the banking sector. The third chapter deals with the impacts of the crisis on selected economic indicators, evaluation of the assistance provided by International Monetary Fund and outlines the issue of capital controls that were relatively controversial element of the IMF program. The last chapter discusses the question of joining the European Union in relation to the crisis and also describes the major difficult point of negotiation, namely fishing.
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Boswell, Jacqueline M. "The effect of the lymphokine(s) MIF/MAF on murine macrophage behaviour." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/34201.
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Migration inhibition factor (MIF) was isolated from the mouse, rat, Xenopus laevis and the newt Triturus cristatus. These MIFs were used to investigate the specificity of the molecule and it was found that MIF is not species specific and that animals with an evolutionarily sophisticated immune response are responsive to MIFs produced by animals which show much less complex immune responses. Macrophages are one of the few normal adult cell types which show motility as part of their functional phenotype and this process can by manipulated in vitro by the presence or absence of MIF. Using LM and EM the effects of MIF and substrate on locomotion and macrophage-substrate adhesion were investigated. The question of macrophage heterogeneity was addressed to determine whether macrophages can be activated for a wide range or only a limited number of functions. The results obtained suggest that macrophages become committed along particular pathways depending on external stimuli from the micro-environment surrounding the cell and that performance of particular functions precludes the cell from performing certain other functions. Macrophage activating factor (MAF) co-chromatographs with MIF and was isolated with MIF. The effect of MIF/MAF and effector : target cell ratio on macrophage anti-tumour activity was also investigated. Macrophages were found to have a cytostatic effect at a much lower effector : target cell ratio than that required for cytolysis of transformed cells. Also, macrophages lyse target cells at a lower effector:target cell ratio when cultured on a collagen rather than a glass substrate. Macrophages are also attracted through collagen towards transformed cells preferentially. Pretreatment with MAF enhances the cytolyic response of macrophages. This response is increased further by pretreating macrophages with LPS and MAF when both pretreatment time and sequence are important in determining which functions macrophages perform.
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Le, Duc Minh. "Nouvelle stratégie d’élaboration de la monométhylhydrazine via le procédé Raschig en utilisant la technologie des microréacteurs : synthèse de la chloramine dans des conditions quasi-stoechiométriques et isolement en une seule étape multifonctionnelle." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10335.
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Ce travail effectué dans le cadre d'une collaboration avec le groupe Safran-Heraklès, a pour objectif le développement d'une nouvelle stratégie d'élaboration de la monométhylhydrazine (MMH) par intensification du procédé Raschig, en utilisant la technologie des microréacteurs. Ce composé est aujourd'hui une molécule à fort potentiel dans le domaine de la propulsion, de l'industrie pharmaceutique ainsi que dans le domaine de l'agrochimie. Ce travail a été financé par la Région Rhône-Alpes sous la forme d'une bourse doctorale CIBLE 2008-2011. La première partie de ce travail est consacrée à la synthèse de la monochloramine élaborée dans des conditions quasi-stoechiométriques et à l'étude de sa stabilité. Cette synthèse a été réalisée pour la première fois, en continu, à l'aide de la technologie des microréacteurs. Les conditions optimales de synthèse ont été déterminées ainsi que les paramètres de sécurité, en vue d'un transfert industriel rapide et sécuritaire. La deuxième partie concerne l'objectif majeur du nouveau procédé qui consiste à extraire, sous pression, la totalité des produits organiques (monométhylhydrazine et monométhylamine (MMA)), sous la forme d'une phase condensée, par démixtion des solutions brutes de synthèse. Ce phénomène est lié à l'existence d'une lacune de miscibilité à l'état liquide dans le système ternaire MMA-H2O-NaOH. L'optimisation de la démixtion a nécessité l'établissement systématique des diagrammes de phases impliqués. La dernière partie aborde l'aspect génie des procédés. Une modélisation cinétique de la synthèse de la MMH par voie Raschig a été entreprise afin d'estimer la composition des solutions de synthèse. L'exploitation thermodynamique des diagrammes de phases a permis la détermination des conditions optimales de l'isolement et l'établissement de plusieurs schémas de procédés pour la synthèse de la MMHThis work, conducted as part of a collaboration with the Safran-Heraklès group, aims at developing a new synthesis concept for the monomethylhydrazine (MMH), by process intensification using microreactor technology. The work was funded by the Rhône-Alpes region in the form of a doctoral fellowship TARGET 2008-2011. The first part of this research aims to study the stability of monochloramine solutions prepared in stoichiometric conditions. This synthesis was carried out continuously, for the first time ever, using microreactor technology. Optimal synthesis conditions as well as a set of security parameters have been established for a fast and secured transfer to industrial scale. The second part, also one of the main objectives of this work, is the extraction, under pressure, of all organic products (mostly MMH and monomethylamine) in the form of one condensed phase by demixing the crude reaction liquors. This phenomenon is related to the existence of a miscibility gap in the liquid ternary system H2O-MMA-NaOH. The optimization of the demixing step requires then the study of different solid-liquid-liquid phase diagrams involved. The last part deals with the chemical engineering aspect of the research. A kinetic modeling of the synthesis of MMH by the Raschig way was used in order to estimate the composition of the synthesis solution. These results and the application of phase diagrams allow the determination of optimal conditions for the isolation step and the establishment of process flow-sheets for the synthesis of MMH
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Aslan, Bassel. "Conception de Machines Polyphasées à Aimants et Bobinage Concentré à Pas Fractionnaire avec Large Plage de Vitesse." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENAM0039/document.
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L'objectif de la thèse est la conception d'une machine électrique dédiée à des applications Mild-Hybrid. En assurant certaines fonctionnalités, cette machine permet de réduire la consommation de carburant dans le véhicule et par conséquent réduire la quantité des gaz rejetés. Les contraintes exigées par un tel domaine à la fois pour le couple et la puissance nous amène à étudier les machines synchrone polyphasée à aimants avec un bobinage concentré autour des dents. Cette technologie de bobinage permet d'obtenir des machines de rendement élevé qui sont faciles à fabriquer, réparer et recycler, mais avec un certain niveau d'effets parasites. Afin de trouver un compromis entre ces effets et la capacité à fournir de couple, la thèse concerne l'étude des topologies de bobinage à pas dentaire avec différentes combinaisons Encoches/Pôles. Un modèle analytique constituant un outil permettant de comparer les pertes d'aimants entre les différentes combinaisons est développé. De nombreuses configurations sont comparées afin de faire le choix le plus adéquat pour minimiser les effets parasites. Les topologies rotoriques qui permettent à la machine de présenter une large plage de vitesse sont examinées, mais en tenant compte également de la nécessité de protéger leurs aimants contre des harmoniques nocifs de FMM. Enfin, l'exploitation du degré de liberté offert par une structure à 5 phases est abordée montrant que, le couple peut être significativement boosté en modifiant la structure de rotor. La cohérence de toutes les études analytiques menées dans la thèse est corroborée par des modèles en éléments finis et des mesures effectuées sur un prototypeThe aim of this thesis is to design an electrical machine dedicated for Mild-Hybrid applications. By providing certain functionalities, this machine can reduce fuel consumption in the vehicle and therefore reduce the amount of released gases. The challenges imposed by such application on both torque and power lead us to study the multiphase PM machines with concentrated windings. This windings technology provides efficient machines which are easy to manufacture, repair and recycle, but accompanied with a certain level of parasitic effects. In order to find a compromise between these effects and the ability to provide torque, the thesis concerns the study of winding topologies with different Slots/Poles combinations. An analytical model constituting a tool to compare magnet losses between various combinations is developed. Many configurations are compared in order to make the most appropriate choice which minimizes parasitic effects. The rotor topologies that allow the machine to provide a wide speed range are examined, taking into account their role in magnets protection against MMF harmful harmonics. Finally, the exploitation of freedom degree offered by a 5-phases structure is discussed, showing that the torque can be significantly boosted by modifying the rotor structure. The consistency of all analytical studies presented in the thesis is corroborated by finite element models and a prototype measurement
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Alexandridisová, Julie. "Analýza vývoje kyperských bank v letech 2010-2016." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264150.
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This master thesis is based on analyses of the Cypriot banking sector from 2010 to 2016. The aim is to describe the effects of the recent financial crisis in Cyprus to locally operating banks, to assess the assistance provided to Cypriot banks and especially to analyze the development of systemically important Cypriot banking institutions, namely the Bank of Cyprus Group, Cooperative Central Bank, Hellenic Bank and RCB Bank Ltd with emphasis on the most important banking institution in Cyprus. The work draws mainly from published financial results of the systemic banks and from the Central Bank of Cyprus representing the consolidated banking sector. Furthermore, for the purpose of this study was used the Eurostat database, EBA and the IMF periodicals, along with the websites of the credit rating agencies.
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Maji, Suman Kumar. "Multiscale methods in signal processing for adaptive optics." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00909085.
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In this thesis, we introduce a new approach to wavefront phase reconstruction in Adaptive Optics (AO) from the low-resolution gradient measurements provided by a wavefront sensor, using a non-linear approach derived from the Microcanonical Multiscale Formalism (MMF). MMF comes from established concepts in statistical physics, it is naturally suited to the study of multiscale properties of complex natural signals, mainly due to the precise numerical estimate of geometrically localized critical exponents, called the singularity exponents. These exponents quantify the degree of predictability, locally, at each point of the signal domain, and they provide information on the dynamics of the associated system. We show that multiresolution analysis carried out on the singularity exponents of a high-resolution turbulent phase (obtained by model or from data) allows a propagation along the scales of the gradients in low-resolution (obtained from the wavefront sensor), to a higher resolution. We compare our results with those obtained by linear approaches, which allows us to offer an innovative approach to wavefront phase reconstruction in Adaptive Optics.
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Giraldi, Márcia Cargnin Martins. "MMG." Florianópolis, SC, 2000. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/79334.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós -Graduação em Computação.Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-18T02:19:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-09-25T17:37:22Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 182004.pdf: 1657518 bytes, checksum: 48b6543a2dbf3082c91c876ac1aaab9c (MD5)
O principal objetivo deste dissertação é propor um do ambiente que forneça ao programador de aplicações paralelas uma maior facilidade de programação. O compartilhamento dos dados é feito criando primitivas baseadas nas chamadas de sistema do IPC (InterProcess Communication) que implementam memória compartilhada, para suportar memória compartilhada distribuída. A organização básica do ambiente é formada por um conjunto de nodos (computadores PC compatíveis) conectados por uma rede de interconexão sobre o sistema operacional Linux. A comunicação entre os processos remotos é realizada através de sockets.
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Karroum, Asmae. "Importance de la MMP-9 et du VEGF dans le vasculomimétisme et la migration des cellules résistantes du cancer du sein MCF-7." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066193.
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La MMP-9 affecte la survie, la prolifération et la migration cellulaire (MC). En utilisant la lignée résistante (rMCF-7) et sensible (sMCF-7) du cancer du sein, nous avons étudié l'expression et le rôle de la MMP-9 dans la MC et le vasculomimétisme (VM). Nous avons montré que les cellules rMCF-7 expriment la MMP-9 de manière constitutive. Cependant, le PMA induit fortement son expression dans les sMCF-7 et rMCF-7. Son expression s'accompagne de MC et de VM. L'inhibition de l'activité MMP-9 abolit la MC et le VM. Alternativement, le traitement des sMCF-7 par la MMP-9 exogène induit la MC mais pas le VM évoquant l'implication d'un autre facteur que nous avions identifié comme étant le VEGF dont les récepteurs VEGFR-2/VEGFR-3 sont abondamment exprimés par les rMCF-7. Nous avons montré, par ailleurs, que l'expression de la MMP-9, la MC et le VM sont dépendantes de l'activation de PKC et des ERK1/2. Nos résultats montrent que la MMP-9 dont l'expression est liée au phénotype MDR1/P-gp, joue un rôle crucial dans la migration des rMCF-7. En revanche, l'induction de VM semble dépendre de la MMP-9 et de l'activation du VEGF, vraisemblablement via ses récepteurs VEGFR-2/VEGFR-3
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Amhoud, El Mehdi. "Coding techniques for space-division multiplexed optical fiber systems." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENST0067.
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Les deux dernières décennies ont connu une croissance exponentielle de la demande pour plus de capacité dans les réseaux optiques. Cette croissance a été principalement causée par le développement d'Internet et le trafic croissant généré par le nombre croissant des utilisateurs. La fibre optique offre plusieurs degrés de liberté pour augmenter la capacité. La fréquence, le temps, la phase, la polarisation ont déjà été utilisés pour satisfaire la demande de bande passante, ainsi le multiplexage spatial (SDM) reste le seul degré de liberté disponible pouvant être utilisé dans les systèmes optiques afin d'augmenter la capacité. Cependant, les interactions entre les différents canaux spatiaux dans le même milieu de propagation est inévitable. Ces interactions, si elles ne sont pas compensées, entraînent des dégradations qui détériorent les performances du système. À cette fin, des recherches intensives sont menées récemment afin de développer un traitement de signal avancé capable de traiter ces détériorations dans les systèmes à multiplexage spatial. Motivés par le rôle potentiel des fibres optiques multimodes (MMF) dans les futurs systèmes SDM, dans cette thèse, nous présentons des solutions de codage modernes pour réduire la diaphonie non-unitaire qui affecte les modes spatiaux dans les fibres multimodes entraînant une dégradation des performancesIn a very fast pace, the last two decades have known an exponential growth in the demand for more optical network capacity, this growth was mainly caused by the built-out of the Internet and the growing traffic generated by an increasing number of users. Since frequency, time, phase, polarization have already been used to satisfy the demand for bandwidth, space-division multiplexing (SDM) remains the only available degree of freedom that can be used in optical transmission systems in order to increase the capacity. However, interactions between spatial channels in the same propagation medium is inevitable. These interactions, if not compensated, result in impairments that deteriorate the system performance. For this purpose, intensive research is being carried out in recent years in order to provide advanced signal processing capable to deal with these impairments in spatial multiplexing systems. Motivated by the potential role of multi-mode fibers (MMFs) in future SDM systems, in this thesis, we present modern coding solutions to mitigate the non-unitary crosstalk known as mode-dependent loss (MDL) that affects spatial modes of MMFs resulting in degraded system performance
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Bartholmey, Paul. "Polytopes moments des compactifications sphériques d'un groupe : application au programme des modèles minimaux." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS033/document.
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Le programme des modèles minimaux (MMP) est l'une des grandes théories développée en géométrie algébrique en vue de classifier les variétés algébriques complexes. Pour certaines familles d'exemples, le MMP est très bien connu. Notamment, pour les variétés toriques et horosphériques, la théorie se résume à une étude assez simple de familles de polytopes, dits polytopes moments, et elle s'étend même à des variétés plus singulières que dans le cas général. Le but de cette thèse est d'étendre ces résultats à des compactifications sphériques d'un groupe. On décrit dans un premier temps ces variétés, et on classifie tous les polytopes moments attachés à de telles compactifications. Puis on démontre que le MMP appliqué sur ces compactifications sphériques se traduit en termes de polytopes moments. Enfin on donne un programme codé en SageMath qui permet de donner les polytopes apparaissant dans le MMP d'une compactification sphérique d'un groupe simpleThe Minimal Model Program (MMP) is one of the greatest theories in Algebraic Geometry developped to classify algebraic varieties. For some families of algebraic varieties, the MMP has been studied in depth. In particular, for toric and horospherical varieties, it comes down to a quite easy study of families of polytopes, called moment polytopes, and it could be adapted to weaker hypothesis of singularities. The goal of this thesis is to show that this reduction can be extended to spherical compactifications of a group. First of all we describe these varieties and classify all moment polytopes of such compactifications. Then we prove that the MMP applied on this spherical compactifications reduces to a study of a families of this moment polytopes. Finaly we give a computer program, coded in SageMath, which gives all polytopes appearing in the MMP of a simple group's spherical compactification
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Reis, Sabrina Thalita dos. "Análise da expressão de MMP-2, MMP-9, MT1-MMP (MMP-14), TIMP-1, TIMP-2, RECK, TGF-Beta e interleucina-8 em câncer de próstata." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5153/tde-22092011-133255/.
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Introdução: O câncer de próstata (CaP) é o tumor mais freqüente do homem no Brasil tendo sido estimados mais de 52.350 novos casos em 2010, sendo a segunda causa de óbito por câncer em homens. O prognóstico depende fundamentalmente dos níveis séricos de Prostatic Specific Antigen (PSA) estádio tumoral (TNM) e grau de diferenciação histológica (Gleason). Porém esses têm sido insuficientes na definição do prognóstico da neoplasia. Por isso pesquisas têm sido direcionadas para a identificação de alterações moleculares que possam prever o potencial de agressividade do câncer de próstata. Metaloproteinases da matriz (MMP) são proteínas pertencentes a uma família de aproximadamente 30 enzimas proteolíticas ou endoproteinases que degradam vários componentes da matriz extracelular. A detecção de sua expressão tem sido estudada como marcador sensível e específico de vários tumores, principalmente as MMP pertencentes ao grupo das gelatinases MMP-2 e MMP-9. Objetivo: o objetivo deste nosso trabalho foi avaliarmos pela técnica de qRT-PCR e imuno-histoquímica os níveis de expressão dos genes das MMP pertencentes ao grupo das gelatinases, MMP-2 e MMP-9, bem como outros sabidamente envolvidos em suas vias de ativação (MMP-14, IL-8) e inibição (TIMP-1, TIMP-2, RECK e TGF-) no câncer localizado de próstata. Material e Métodos: O estudo consistiu na análise de espécimes de 79 pacientes com câncer da próstata submetidos a prostatectomia radical entre setembro de 1997 e fevereiro de 2000. Esses oito genes foram então testados quanto a seu valor prognóstico no câncer da próstata através da técnica de reação em cadeia da polimerase quantitativa com transcriptase reversa (qRT-PCR). Análise proteica foi feita a partir de 40 pacientes deste pool. O grupo controle foi composto de tecido de 11 pacientes com hiperplasia benigna da próstata (HPB) tratados cirurgicamente com prostatectomia retropúbica. Resultados: MMP-9 esteve superexpressa e MMP-2, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, MMP 14, IL-8, TGF- e RECK se mostraram subexpressos em tecido representativo de CaP quando comparado com HPB. A análise dos níveis de expressão dos genes com o escore de Gleason, mostrou que MMP-2 e TIMP-2 mesmo mantendo-se subexpressos, tiveram uma expressão maior entre os pacientes que apresentavam Gleason 7 (p=0,04 e p=0,02 respectivamente). De acordo com o valor de PSA préoperatório, encontramos diferenças na expressão de MMP-9. Pacientes que apresentavam um PSA pré-operatório 10 ng/mL possuíam uma mediana de expressão maior que aqueles cujo PSA pré-operatório <10 ng/mL com medianas de expressão de 5,62 e 2,76 respectivamente (p=0,033). Não encontramos diferenças estatísticas entre pacientes que apresentavam ou não recidiva bioquímica quanto a expressão dos 8 genes estudados. Porém o gene da MMP-9 apresentou uma diferença estatística marginal apresentando uma mediana de expressão de 6,29x nos pacientes que apresentaram recidiva bioquímica e de 3,25 nos pacientes que não apresentaram recidiva bioquímica (p=0,090). De acordo com a expressão proteica, encontramos uma maior positividade em MMP-9, MMP-2, TGF-, IL-8 e MMP-14. De acordo com os fatores prognósticos encontramos associação de TIMP-1 com recidiva bioquímica. Conclusão: Encontramos uma superexpressão de MMP-9 e uma subexpressão de MMP-2, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, MMP-14, RECK, IL-8 e TGF- no CaP. Considerando os fatores prognósticos encontramos que aumentados níveis de expressão do gene da MMP-9 associou-se a aumentados níveis de PSA, e mostrou uma tendência de associação com recidiva bioquímica. De acordo com a expressão proteica encontramos que a ausência de TIMP-1 pode ser um indicativo de recidiva bioquímicaIntroduction: Currently, Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common tumor in men in Brazil. It was estimated that more than 52,350 new cases were diagnosed in 2010, being the second cause of death by cancer in man. The prognosis depends mainly on Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) serum levels, tumor stage (TNM) and histological grade (Gleason), but these parameters, even combined, are insufficient to define the correct prognosis of PCa. Therefore research has been directed towards the identification of molecular alterations that may predict potential aggressiveness of PCa. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteins that belong to a family of about 30 proteolytic enzymes that degrade various components of the extracellular matrix. The analysis of MMPs expression has been studied as a sensitive and specific marker of prognosis of several tumors, and special attention was focused in the group of gelatinases, MMP-2 and MMP-9.Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 genes and proteins by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry in localized PCa. We also evaluated the expression of genes that are involved in the control of MMP-2 and MMP as activators (MMP- 14, IL-8) or inhibitors (TIMP-1, TIMP-2, RECK and TGF-).Materials and Methods: The casuistic consisted of 79 surgical specimens from patients with localized PCa who underwent radical prostatectomy between September 1997 and February 2000. The control group was composed of specimens from 11 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) treated surgically with retropubic prostatectomy. The results of the 8 genes expression, through qRTPCR and immunohistochemistry, were correlated to the diagnosis and prognosis of PCa. The protein expression analysis was carried out in 40 patients of the casuistic. Results: The MMP-9 was overexpressed, while MMP-2, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, MMP-14, RECK, IL-8, and TGF- were underexpressed in malignant prostate tissue compared to BPH. Patients with Gleason7 had higher expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 (p=0.04, p=0.02 respectively). According to the preoperative PSA value, we found that patients with preoperative PSA10 ng/mL had a median of expression of 5.62 compared to 2.76 when PSA<10 ng/mL (p=0.033). There were no statistical differences between expression of the eight genes and biochemical recurrence during follow up. However, the higher MMP-9 expression was marginally associated with recurrence, the median was of 6.29 in recurrence patients compared to 3.25 in those without recurrence (p=0.090). Regarding the protein expression, we found a higher positivity of MMP-9, MMP-2, TGF-, IL-8 e MMP-14 expression in PCa, and a correlation between the lack of TIMP-1 and tumor recurrence. Conclusion: MMP-9 is overexpressed while MMP-2, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, MMP-14, RECK, TGF- and IL-8 are underexpressed in CaP. According to the prognostic factors, we observed that increased level of MMP-9 was associated with pre-surgical PSA10 ng/mL. Also there was a tendency of association between higher MMP- 9 expression and biochemical recurrence. Overexpression of MMP-9 can be explained by the underexpression of their major inhibitors TIMP-1 and RECK. According to protein expression we found that absence of TIMP-1 is correlated with biochemical recurrence in the PCa
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Cetnar, John S. "Atmospheric Effects on the Propagation of MMW and Sub-MMW Radiation." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1276703479.
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Discher, Philipp Martin [Verfasser], Matthias [Forscher] Siepe, Fabian Alexander [Forscher] Kari, Philipp [Forscher] Meffert-Laschinski, Matthias [Akademischer Betreuer] Siepe, and Fabian Alexander [Akademischer Betreuer] Kari. "Untersuchung der MMP-2 Isoformen und der aktiv-MMP-2/pro-MMP-2 Ratio im Aneurysma der Aorta ascendens." Freiburg : Universität, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1202010385/34.
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Marklund, Ellen. "Perceptual reorganization of vowels : Separating the linguistic and acoustic parts of the mismatch response." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-148559.
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During the first year of life, infants go from perceiving speech sounds primarily based on their acoustic characteristics, to perceiving speech sounds as belonging to speech sound categories relevant in their native language(s). The transition is apparent in that very young infants typically discriminate both native and non-native speech sound contrasts, whereas older infants show better discrimination for native contrasts and worse or no discrimination for non-native contrasts. The rate of this perceptual reorganization depends, among other things, on the salience of the relevant speech sounds within the speech signal. As such, the perceptual reorganization of vowels and lexical tone typically precedes the perceptual reorganization of consonants. Perceptual reorganizatoin of speech sounds is often demonstrated by measuring infants’ discrimination of specific speech sound contrasts across development. One way of measuring discriminatory ability is to use the mismatch response (MMR). This is a brain response that can be measured using external electroencephalography recordings. Presenting an oddball (deviant) stimulus among a series of standard stimuli elicits a response that, in adults, correlates well with behavioral discrimination. When the two stimuli are speech sounds contrastive in the listeners’ language, the response arguably reflects both acoustic and linguistic processing. In infants, the response is less studied, but has nevertheless already proven useful for studies on the perceptual reorganization of speech sounds. The present thesis documents a series of studies with the end game of investigating how amount of speech exposure influences the perceptual reorganization, and whether the learning mechanisms involved in speech sound category learning is specific to speech or domain-general. In order to be able to compare MMR results across different age groups in infancy, a non-speech control condition needed to be devised however, to account for changes in the MMR across development that are attributable to general brain maturation rather than language development specifically. Findings of studies incorporated in the thesis show that spectrally rotated speech can be used to approximate the acoustic part of the MMR in adults. Subtracting the acoustic part of the MMR from the full MMR thus estimates the part of the MMR that is linked to linguistic, rather than acoustic, processing. The strength of this linguistic part of the MMR in four- and eight-month-old infants is directly related to the daily amount of speech that the infants are exposed to. No evidence of distributional learning of non-speech auditory categories was demonstrated in adults, but the results together with previous research generated hypotheses for future study. In conclusion, the research performed within the scope of this thesis highlight the need of a non-speech control condition for use in developmental speech perception studies using the MMR, demonstrates the viability of one such non-speech control condition, and points toward relevant future research within the topic of speech sound category development.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Manuscript.
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Seabra, Fl?vio Roberto Guerra. "An?lise imuno-histoqu?mica das metaloproteinases da matriz ( MMP-1,MMP-2 e MMP-9) na doen?a periodontal." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2006. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17147.
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Previous issue date: 2006-09-19The tissular destruction found in periodontal diseases is caused mainly by components of the host that have its production stimulated by the products of the microorganisms present on the plaque. Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs), a class of enzymes involved both in physiologic and pathologic extracellular matrix degradation are considered the main responsible for the characteristic tissular loss in periodontal disease, and the understanding of how this happens can have a series of beneficial implications for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of this illness. The aim of this work was to study the immunohistochemical expression of MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in fragments of gingival biopsies with clinical diagnose of periodontal disease. MMP-1 has expressed significantly more than the others MMPs in gingivitis both in the epithelium (p=0,0008) and connective tissue (p=0,0049). In periodontitis, both MMP-1 and MMP-9 has expressed significantly more than MMP-2 in the epithelium (p<0,0001) and in the connective tissue (p=0,0002). MMP-1 and MMP-9 presented more expression in periodontitis than in gingivitis but MMP-1 only in the connective tissue (p=0,03) and MMP-9 in the epithelium (p=0,003) and in the connective tissue (p=0,04). In conclusion, these results indicate that the MMP-1 presents high expression in every stages of the periodontal diseases, and increases its expression in the connective tissue when the gingivitis evolves to periodontitis. Therefore, it may have an important role in connective tissue degradation and bone loss observed in disease, since early, in gingivitis, until late stages, in periodontitis, of the periodontal disease. MMP-9 has expressed more in periodontitis than in gingivitis, both in epithelium and in connective tissue. It means that this enzyme may have some importance in the progression of gingivitis to periodontitis by acting in bone resorption observed in this desease
A destrui??o tecidual observada na doen?a periodontal ? causada, principalmente, por componentes do hospedeiro que t?m sua produ??o estimulada pelos produtos liberados pelas bact?rias. As Metaloproteinases da Matriz ou MMPs, enzimas relacionadas ? degrada??o de matriz extracelular em processos tanto fisiol?gicos quanto patol?gicos s?o consideradas as principais respons?veis pela perda tecidual caracter?stica da doen?a periodontal, e o entendimento de como isso ocorre pode ter uma s?rie de implica??es ben?ficas em rela??o ? preven??o, ao diagn?stico e ao tratamento desta doen?a. Neste trabalho foi estudada a express?o imuno-histoqu?mica da MMP-1, da MMP-2 e da MMP-9 em gengivas clinicamente diagnosticadas com doen?a periodontal. A MMP-1 teve express?o significativamente maior que as outras duas nos casos de gengivite tanto no epit?lio (p=0,0008) quanto no tecido conjuntivo (p=0,0049). Na periodontite, a MMP-1 e MMP-9 tiveram express?es significativamente maiores que a MMP-2 tanto no epit?lio (p<0,0001) quanto no conjuntivo (p=0,0002). A MMP-1 e MMP-9 mostraram maior express?o na periodontite que na gengivite sendo a MMP-1 apenas no tecido conjuntivo (p=0,03) e a MMP-9 no epit?lio (p=0,003) e no conjuntivo (p=0,04). Concluiu-se portanto que a MMP-1 apresenta forte express?o em todos os est?gios da doen?a peridontal, aumentando no tecido conjuntivo no caso de progress?o para periodontite, podendo portanto ter um papel crucial na degrada??o de tecido conjuntivo e perda ?ssea observada na doen?a desde os est?gios iniciais de gengivite at? a progress?o para periodontite. A MMP-9, ? expressa mais na periodontite que na gengivite, tanto no epit?lio quanto no conjuntivo significando que esta enzima pode ter import?ncia na progress?o da gengivite para a periodontite atuando na reabsor??o ?ssea observada na doen?a periodontal
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Blüm, Leonid. "Expression von MMP-2 und MMP-14 in verschiedenen Tumorkomponenten des Urothelkarzinoms /." Düsseldorf, 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000278418.
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Kuittinen, O. (Outi). "Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and -9 (MMP-9) in hematological malignancies." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2003. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:951426942X.
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Abstract
Gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) play a key role during
invasion and metastazising of malignant cells and they have been
shown to be associated to invasive phenotype and poor prognosis in
several solid tumours. However little is known about their role in
hematological malignancies. In the present work, gelatinase
expression and its clinicopathological correlations were studied
with immunohistochemical staining in 10 cases representing normal
bone marrow aspirate smears, 123 cases representing diagnostic
bone marrow samples of patients with different leukaemias (35 AML,
7 CLL, 6 CML, 75 ALL), 67 diagnostic paraffin-embedded lymph node
biopsies from patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma and 57 biopsies
from patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The lymphoma samples
were also stained with factor VIII antibody to evaluate the extent
of new vessel formation and the non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cases also
with tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases -1 (TIMP-1) antibody.
CLL did not express either of the MMP enzymes, while CML in the
chronic phase expressed strongly both of the enzymes. In ALL,
gelatinase expression was weak and detectable in pediatric cases
in only 12.7% and in the adults in 65% of the cases. In adult ALL,
MMP-2 expression correlated strongly with an extramedullary and
invasive pattern of disease presentation. In AML MMP-2 positivity
had markedly favorable prognostic and predictive power. In
lymphoma studies, no correlations could be detected between
gelatinase expression and the clinical parameters of invasion.
MMP-9 positivity was related to the presence of B symptoms, which
difference was statistically significant in Hodgkin's lymphoma. In
Hodgkin's lymphoma, strong MMP-9 expression also implicated
decreased neovascularization. In both lymphoma types, strong MMP-9
expression correlated with unfavorable prognosis, which difference
was statistically significant in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and
remained as a tendency in Hodgkin's lymphoma. MMP-2 had
statistically significant association with a favorable prognosis
in Hodgkin's lymphoma. Combination of the results of both
stainings further increased prognostic power. All together these
findings implicate that gelatinases could be used as prognostic
tools in AML and lymphomas albeit this needs to be verified in
larger materials.
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Clayes, Emma L. "Multi-mediating groups (MMG)." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396485.
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Letelier, Díaz Arturo Antonio. "Implementación de rectificador MMC." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/168606.
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Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Mención Eléctrica{El presente proyecto de tesis consiste en la implementación de un Rectificador controlado basado en un Convertidor Multinivel Modular (Modular Multilevel Converter en inglés). Este proyecto se encuentra dentro del marco del proyecto FONDECYT: 1440337 Modular Multilevel Converter Technologies for High Power Drives (Aplicaciones de Convertidores Modulares Multinivel para accionamientos de alta potencia) el cual tiene por objetivo principal el estudio de estrategias de control para Convertidores Multinivel Modulares (comunmente abreviado como MMC o $M^2C$ por sus siglas en inglés) en accionamientos eléctricos, lo cual es un gran desafío ya que contempla la operación de estos en condiciones no usuales, tales como frecuencia variable (incluyendo las bajas) y tensión variable (tanto en los lados de alterna como de continua). La topología propuesta en dicho proyecto es el convertidor M2C back to back, que consiste en la conexión de 2 convertidores modulares por el enlace de continua, dejando los lados de alterna como puertos de entrada y/o salida para la conexión con la máquina y la red. En una etapa anterior ya se implementó el conversor del lado de la máquina, trabajo realizado Mauricio Espinoza en marco de su doctorado y expuesto en n publicaciones. El presente trabajo de tesis pretende aportar con la implementación del convertidor del lado de la red para así completar el convertidor Back to Back. Las primeras publicaciones relacionadas con el MMC realizan un modelado por fase, el cual es más simple e intuitivo, no obstante, conlleva desventajas asociadas como el acople en los lazos de control, que dificulta el diseño de los controladores y afecta a la dinámica del sistema. en los últimos 2 años se han desarrollado modelos desacoplados, los cuales por medio de transformadas permiten obtener 3 subsistemas independientes. Una característica del modelamiento transformado es que permite plantear distintas estrategias de control, dependiendo de cuales flujos de potencia se utilizan para balancear la energía entre las ramas del convertidor. Si bien algunas estrategias ya están planteadas, han sido aplicadas en distintas condiciones por lo que no se pueden comparar sus resultados. Todas las estrategias obtenidas se deducen de la linealización del modelo del convertidor, por lo que asumen pequeñas desviaciones en torno a un punto de operación. El principal problema de esto es que al encenderse el convertidor los voltajes en condensadores son igual a cero, por lo que debe realizarse un proceso de precarga para llevar los voltajes al punto de operación. Si bien la estrategia más popular y simple publicada es la precarga natural, esta no puede ser utilizada en este proyecto ya que por seguridad la lógica de los submódulos se encarga de negar las acciones de control entre los semiconductores, también se descartan los métodos que incluyen electrónica adicional en los módulos, dejando la opción de estudio entre las estrategias de selección y precarga controlada para este trabajo. Los aportes realizados por este trabajo son los siguientes: primero es la construcción y puesta en marcha del rectificador MMC ocupando modulación PS-PWM, el cual posteriormente servirá para futuros trabajos, tanto solo como en conexión Back to Back, el segundo aporte es la implementación y validación experimental de las posibles estrategias de control lineal en el convertidor, junto con el análisis de sus ventajas y desventajas en operación de rectificador.
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Domeij, Helena. "Expression and regulation of MMP-1 and MMP-3 in human gingival fibroblasts /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-544-5/.
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Bringsén, Filip. "MMA, den förbjudna frukten – En kvantitativ studie om hur svensk nyhetsmedia gestaltar MMA." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22482.
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Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur MMA framställs i svensk nyhetsmedia eftersom det historiskt sätt har varit en väldigt omtalad sport och nyhetsmedier tenderar att framställa den väldigt våldsamt, vilket tidigare forskning visar. Studien applicerar två teoretiska perspektiv för att undersöka detta, gestaltningsteorin och moralpanik. Genom en kvantitativ innehållsanalys kombinerat med gestaltningsanalys analyseras ett urval artiklar i från några av de största nyhetsmedierna i Sverige, Aftonbladet, Expressen och SVT Nyheter samt två MMA inriktade nyhetsmedier, Kimura och MMANytt. Detta görs för att undersöka hur olika sorters nyhetsmedier skildrar MMA och på så vis se skillnader ochlikheter för att skapa en helhetsbild av problemet. Resultatet visar att sporten har växt ochblivit mer legitim de senaste åren jämfört med tidigare studier. Trots detta förmedlas ändåen grad av moralpanik i sättet artiklarna ramar in både sporten och sportens utövare på.The purpose of this study is to examine how MMA is portrayed in Swedish news mediasince historically speaking there has been a stigma about the sport and news media tends to depict it in a very violent manner, which previous studies also shows. The study appliestwo theoretical perspectives, framing theory and moral panic. Through a quantitativecontent analysis combined with a framing analysis a selection of articles are analyzed from some of the biggest sources of news media in Sweden, Aftonbladet, Expressen and SVT Nyheter as well as two MMA focused ones, Kimura and MMANytt. This is done toexamine how different types of news media depicts MMA and, in that way, see differencesand similarities to create a comprehensive understanding of the problem. The results show that the sport has grown and become more legitimate the last few years when compared to previous studies. Despite this a level of moral panic is being mediated in the way articles frame both the sport and its practitioners.
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Lang, Rupert. "Klonierung, Expression, Reinigung und Kristallisation von Dipeptidyl Carboxypeptidase Röntgenstrukturanalyse der katalytischen Domänen von MMP-12, MT3-MMP und MMP-13/TIMP-2 /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=963846914.
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Munhoz, Francielle Boçon de Araujo. "Associação entre polifmorfismo na MMP-13 (isolado e em Haplótipo com MMP-1 e MMP-8) e tendinopatia primária do tibial posterior." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/37205.
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Orientadora : Profª Drª Maria Cristina L. G. SantosCo-orientador : Prof. Dr. Ricardo Lehtonen de Souza
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular. Defesa: Curitiba, 24/09/2014
Inclui referências
Área de concentração : Biologia celular e molecular
Resumo: O tendão tibial posterior (TTP) é particularmente vulnerável e sua insuficiência é reconhecida como a principal causa do pé plano adquirido do adulto. Alguns pacientes têm uma predisposição sem causa clinicamente reconhecida, sugerindo que as características individuais, incluindo fatores genéticos, desempenham um papel importante na tendinopatia. As metaloproteinases da matriz (MMP) são enzimas responsáveis por degradar e remodelar o colágeno, principal componente dos tendões. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a associação do polimorfismo -77 (rs2252070) da MMP-13 isoladamente e em haplótipo com os polimorfismos -519 (rs1144393) e -1607 (rs1799750) da MMP-1 e -799 (rs11225395) da MMP-8 e a predisposição a disfunção do TTP. A amostra de 200 pacientes selecionados foi dividida em: grupo teste com 100 pacientes submetidos à procedimentos cirúrgicos e de diagnóstico histopatológico de lesão degenerativa do tendão tibial posterior e grupo controle com 100 pacientes com tendão do tibial posterior intacto e sem sinais de degeneração. O DNA dos voluntários foi obtido a partir de células epiteliais da mucosa bucal, por extração com acetato de amônio. A identificação dos genótipos foi realizada por PCR e RFLP. A análise estatística dos resultados foi realizada pelos testes de Mann-Whitney U (idade), Exato de Fisher (IMC), Regressão logística múltipla, Análise por combinação, Chi-quadrado (frequências alélicas e genotípicas) e SNPstats (haplótipos), todos com nível de significância de 5%. Houve uma diferença significativa nas frequências alélicas e genotípicas entre os grupos teste e controle para os polimorfismos -77 da MMP-13, -519 e -1607 da MMP-1 e -799 da MMP-8. Análise de haplótipo indicou diferença significativa entre os dois grupos estudados. De acordo com nossos resultados o polimorfismo -77 da MMP-13 isoladamente e em haplótipo com polimorfismos -519 e -1607 da MMP-1 e -799 da MMP-8 está associado à tendinopatia no tendão do tibial posterior. Palavras-chave: MMPs, MMP-1, MMP-8, MMP-13, Metaloproteinases, Polimorfismos em MMPs, Tendinopatia do Tibial Posterior.
Abstract: Posterior tibial tendon (PTT) is particularly vulnerable and its insufficiency is recognized as the main cause of adult acquired flatfoot. Some patients have a predisposition without clinically recognized cause, suggesting that individual characteristics, including genetic factors, play an important role in tendinopathy. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are enzymes responsible for degrading and remodeling the collagen, the main compomente tendons The objective of the present study is to investigate the association of -77 (rs2252070) matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) polymorphism and its haplotypes with -1607 (rs1799750), -519 (rs1144393) MMP-1 and -799 (rs11225395) MMP-8 and risk of PTT dysfunction. The sample of 200 selected patients was divided into test group: 100 patients undergoing surgical procedures and pathological diagnosis of degenerative lesions of the posterior tibial tendon, and control group: 100 patients with posterior tibial tendon intact and no signs of degeneration. The DNA of the volunteers was obtained from oral mucosa epithelial cells, by extraction with ammonium acetate. PCR and RFLP were used for analysis of genotypes. Statistical analysis of results was performed by Man Whitney U test (age), Fisher's Exact (IMC), multiple logistic regression, analysis by combining and Chi-squared (allelic and genotype frequency) and SNPstats (haplotype), test with significance level of 5%. There was a significant difference in the presence of the different alleles and genotypes between the control group and test group for the -77 MMP-13,-519 and -1607 MMP-1, -799 MMP-8, polymorphism. Global haplotype analysis indicated a significant difference between both groups. According to our results, -77 MMP-13polymorphism isolated and its haplotypes with -519, -1607 MMP-1 and -799 MMP-8 are associated to tendinopathy in posterior tibial tendon. Keywords: MMPs, MMP-1, MMP-8, MMP-13, metalloproteinases, Polymorphisms in MMPs, Posterior Tibial Tendinopathy.
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Westin, Maria Cristina do Amaral 1949. "Expressão das proteínas MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-14, TIMP-1, TIMP-2 e VEGF-A na NIC 3 e no carcinoma invasor do colo do útero = Expression of the proteins MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-14, TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and VEGF-A in the CIN 3 and cervical cancer." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/313599.
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Orientadores: Luiz Carlos Zeferino, Silvia Helena Rabelo dos SantosTexto em português e inglês
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: Introdução: O carcinoma escamoso do colo uterino é precedido pela neoplasia intraepitelial cervical grau 3 (NIC 3). A invasão tumoral envolve a degradação da matriz extracelular e membrana basal do epitélio por enzimas proteolíticas denominadas metaloproteinases (MMPs). Os inibidores teciduais das metaloproteinases (TIMPs) também interferem no processo de invasão. Angiogênese é condição indispensável para a progressão tumoral. Objetivo: Analisar a expressão de MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-14, TIMP-1, TIMP-2 e VEGF-A na NIC 3 e carcinoma do colo uterino. Sujeito e Métodos: Estudo do tipo comparativo observacional constituído de três grupos:- Grupo 1: 55 casos com diagnóstico de NIC 3, Grupo 2: 30 casos com NIC 3 e carcinoma associados e Grupo 3: 46 casos com carcinoma. A expressão protéica foi pesquisada separadamente nas células tumorais e estromais por reação imunoistoquímica. Para estabelecer a porcentagem de células imunopositivas utilizou-se software morfométrico. Análise Estatística: Aplicou-se o Teste T-pareado ou de Mann-Whitney ou Wilcoxon Signed Rank. Resultados: Em todos os grupos, a expressão tumoral de MMP-14 foi maior que a estromal. Inversamente, a expressão de TIMP-2 foi maior nas células estromais que nas tumorais, em cada grupo diagnóstico. A expressão de MMP-9 foi maior nas células estromais que nas tumorais, com exceção do componente invasor do Grupo 2. A expressão estromal de TIMP-1 foi maior que a tumoral no carcinoma e, ao contrário, sua expressão foi maior nas células tumorais da NIC 3. A expressão de VEGF-A foi maior apenas nas células tumorais da NIC 3. Comparando a expressão dos marcadores entre os grupos, foram encontradas as maiores diferenças entre grupos extremos, ou seja, entre NIC 3 e carcinoma. A expressão de MMP-2 nas células estromais foi maior no componente NIC 3 do Grupo 2 que no NIC 3 do Grupo 1. A expressão de VEGF-A nas células estromais do carcinoma foi maior que nas células estromais da NIC 3. Conclusões: Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que a expressão de TIMP-1 aumenta nas células do estroma e diminui nas células tumorais quando a NIC 3 progride para carcinoma invasor. MMP-9 e TIMP-2 tiveram expressão similar na NIC 3 e no carcinoma, o que limita inferências sobre seu papel na progressão neoplásica. O padrão imunoistoquímico da expressão das MMPs, TIMPs e VEGF-A na NIC 3 e no carcinoma invasivo, quando estas lesões estavam associadas, foi semelhante. A expressão do VEGF-A foi maior nas células tumorais do que nas estromais da NIC 3, porém quando esta lesão progride para carcinoma invasivo sua expressão aumenta nas células do estroma e não se altera nas tumorais. A expressão de MMP-14, MMP-2, TIMP-1 e VEGF-A aumentou com a gravidade da neoplasia
Abstract: Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix is preceded by cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN 3). Tumor invasion involves degradation of extracellular matrix and epithelium basement membrane by proteolytic enzymes called metalloproteinases (MMPs). Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are also involved in the invasion process. Angiogenesis is a prerequisite for tumor progression. Objective: To analyze the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and MMP-14, TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and VEGF-A in CIN 3 and invasive carcinoma. Subject and Methods: This comparative observational study was consists of three groups: Group 1: 55 cases diagnosed with CIN 3, Group 2: 30 cases with CIN 3 associated with invasive carcinoma and Group 3: 46 cases with invasive carcinoma. Protein expression was investigated separately in tumor and stromal cells by immunohistochemistry and evaluated by the percentage of cells positive for immunostaining using morphometric software. Statistical Analysis: Was performed applying paired t-test or Mann-Whitney or Wilcoxon Signed Rank. Results: In each diagnostic group, expression markers were significantly higher: MMP-14 in tumor cells, and TIMP-2 in stromal cells; also MMP-9 expression was significantly higher in stromal cells, except in invasive component of group 2, and TIMP-1 had significantly higher expression in stromal cells of invasive carcinoma and in tumor cells of CIN 3. VEGF-A expression was significantly higher only in tumor cells CIN 3. Comparing the expression of markers between groups, two by two, we find the greatest differences between the extreme groups, i.e. between invasive carcinoma and CIN 3. The expression of MMP-2 was significantly greater in the stromal component CIN 3 in group 2 than in CIN 3 only. The expression of VEGF-A was significantly higher in the group stromal cell carcinoma when compared to stromal cells CIN 3. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the expression of TIMP-1 increases in the stromal cells and decreases in tumor cells when CIN 3 progresses to invasive carcinoma. MMP-9 and TIMP-2 had similar expression in CIN 3 and invasive carcinoma, which limits inferences about its role in neoplastic progression. The immunohistochemical pattern of expression of MMPs, TIMPs and VEGF-A in CIN 3 and invasive carcinoma, as these lesions were associated, was similar. The expression of VEGF-A was higher in tumor cells than in stromal cells in CIN 3, but when the lesion progresses to invasive carcinoma its expression increases in the stromal cells and the tumor cells does not change. The expression of MMP-14, MMP-2, TIMP-1 and VEGF-A was increased with the severity of the neoplasia
Doutorado
Oncologia Ginecológica e Mamária
Doutora em Ciências da Saúde
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Kouevidjin, Modobozi. "Evaluation des performances énergétiques d'une nouvelle génération d'éolienne off-shore." Thesis, Artois, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ARTO0208/document.
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L’alternateur étudié dans cette thèse équipe une éolienne flottante à axe vertical. Il s’agit d’unemachine synchrone de 2MW, polyphasée, bobinée sur plots, à pas fractionnaire, à aimants et à prisedirecte. L’objectif majeur de la thèse est la caractérisation de cet alternateur afin d’en évaluer lesperformances. Une modélisation analytique de la perméance d'entrefer et de la force magnétomotriceont conduit à l'étude de l'induction d'entrefer dont le contenu harmonique s'est révélé êtreparticulièrement riche. La caractérisation a également porté sur la détermination des inductancespropres et mutuelles, avec un calage du modèle effectué en exploitant des mesures expérimentalesfaites à l’arrêt. La particularité de la machine étudiée nous a amené à considérer un enroulement fictiféquivalent dans le but de déterminer les inductances cycliques, nécessaires à l'établissement du schémamonophasé équivalent. De plus, le fonctionnement back to back de la machine a été étudié et simulé. Ilpermet de faire des tests de la machine elle-même mais aussi des éléments de la chaîne de conversion,sans l'utilisation d'une deuxième machine ou des pâles pour entraîner le rotor du prototype. Il offre enplus la possibilité de tester différents type de fonctionnements et d'évaluer la puissance que peutproduire la machine : différents scénario de fonctionnement ont été simulés et les paramètresnécessaires aux essais sur site ont été définis. Le fonctionnement back to back a fait l’objetd’investigation sur une machine synchrone classique. Les difficultés de fonctionnement ontnotamment pu être mises en évidence avec une modélisation analytique des phénomènesélectromagnétique qui s'y produisent et des essais expérimentauxThe studied alternator equips a vertical axis offshore wind turbine. It is a 2MW fractional slotconcentrated winding permanent magnet synchronous polyphase machine, directly connected to bladeturbine. The principal purpose of this thesis consists in characterizing the alternator in order toevaluate its performances. The air gap permeance and the magnemotive force analytical modelingleads to study the air gap flux density and its harmonic content, which is particularly rich. Thecharacterization has also concerned the self and mutual inductance determination, which has requiredstalling the model by exploiting experimental measurements done at standstill. The particularity of thestudied machine leads us to consider an equivalent fictitious winding in order to determine the cyclicalinductances, necessary for the single-phase equivalent scheme establishment. Moreover, the machineback to back functioning has been studied and simulated. This functioning allows testing the machineitself and the other conversion chain subsystems, without using a second machine or blades to drivethe prototype rotor. It offers the possibility to test different types of operating points and to estimatethe power that can produce the studied machine: different operating points scenarios have beensimulated and parameters for tests have been defined. The back to back functioning of a classicalsynchronous machine has been also investigated, with an analytical modeling of the electromagneticphenomena and experimental tests
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Crowther, Mathew. "The MMP-2/MT1-MMP/TIMP-2 enzyme system in abdominal aortic aneurysm disease." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/29593.
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Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) represents a complex biochemical pathology, characterised by marked tissue remodelling and severe inflammation. The weakening of the arterial wall is assessed with elevated production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), enzymes that degrade extracellular matrix components causing a reduction in tensile strength and mechanical integrity. However, the cause of this overproduction of MMPs remains poorly understood. Analysis of small AAAs has demonstrated that MMP-2 is the most prominent MMP, an enzyme known to be produced by most mesenchymal cells. The present thesis investigated the hypothesis that aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are the source of excess MMP-2, which may degrade elastin fibres and initiate the degenerative and inflammatory process characteristic of aneurysmal disease. Histological analysis of control and aneurysm tissue was followed by focused testing of the hypothesis, by isolating and comparing SMCs from control and aneurysmal aortas. Aneurysmal SMCs expressed significantly more MMP-2 than control cells, but levels of MT1-MMP and TIMP-2 were not significantly different. MMP-2 was shown to be capable of inducing elastolytic changes characterise of aneurysm disease in a porcine in vitro model of AAA. Similar methods suggested that this was not the case in dermal fibroblasts, providing evidence that the elevated level of MMP-2 in SMCs was not reflected in all mesenchyme-derived tissues. Published evidence suggested that AAA may be a local manifestation of a generalised dilating process, and this hypothesis was addressed by examining the MMP expression of vascular tissue remote from the aneurysm site. Inferior mesenteric vein from AAA patients produced elevated levels of MMP-2 compared to control vein, suggesting that this phenomenon may be systemic but vascular tissue-specific in nature. These data suggest that AAA patients may be predisposed to vascular elastolysis, manifesting itself in later life as aneurysmal dilatation of the aorta. In conclusion, a novel model of AAA aetiology is proposed.
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Ayoub, Albert E. "On the contribution of MMP-2 and MMP-9 to the postnatal cerebellar corticogenesis." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=3137.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2003.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 153 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 107-135).