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Journal articles on the topic 'MMPI-RC'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 16 July 2025

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1

van der Heijden, Paul T., Jos I. M. Egger, Gina M. P. Rossi, Gitte Grundel, and Jan J. L. Derksen. "The MMPI-2-Restructured Form and the Standard MMPI-2 Clinical Scales in Relation to DSM-IV." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 29, no. 3 (2013): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000140.

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In a Dutch sample of psychiatric outpatients (N = 94), we linked the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 (MMPI-2; Butcher et al., 2001) Clinical scales and MMPI-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF; Ben-Porath & Tellegen, 2008) Higher-Order (H-O) scales, Restructured Clinical (RC) scales and Specific Problem scales to the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV, 4th ed.; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) by First, Spitzer, Gibbon, and Williams (1995). Overall, the H-O scales, RC scales, and Specific Problem scales displa

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2

Archer, Elizabeth M., Leigh D. Hagan, Janelle Mason, Richard Handel, and Robert P. Archer. "MMPI-2-RF Characteristics of Custody Evaluation Litigants." Assessment 19, no. 1 (2011): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191110397469.

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The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2–Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) is a 338-item objective self-report measure drawn from the 567 items of the MMPI-2. Although there is a substantial MMPI-2 literature regarding child custody litigants, there has been only one previously published study using MMPI-2-RF data in this population that focused on Validity scales L-r and K-r. The current study evaluated the MMPI-2-RF results of 344 child custody litigants and showed substantial consistency between T-score elevations typically found on MMPI-2 Validity scales L and K, and comparable elevat

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3

Shwartz, Susan K., Brad L. Roper, Timothy J. Arentsen, Ellen M. Crouse, and Marcy C. Adler. "The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function®-Adult Version is Related to Emotional Distress, Not Executive Dysfunction, in a Veteran Sample." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 35, no. 6 (2020): 701–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaa024.

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Abstract Objective In three studies, we explore the impact of response bias, symptom validity, and psychological factors on the self-report form of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version (BRIEF-A) and the relationship between self-reported executive functioning (EF) and objective performance. Method Each study pulled from a sample of 123 veterans who were administered a BRIEF-A and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) during a neuropsychological evaluation. Participants were primarily middle-aged, and half carried a mood disorder diagnosis. Study 1

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4

Dragon, Wendy R., Yossef S. Ben-Porath, and Richard W. Handel. "Examining the Impact of Unscorable Item Responses on the Validity and Interpretability of MMPI-2/MMPI-2-RF Restructured Clinical (RC) Scale Scores." Assessment 19, no. 1 (2011): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191111415362.

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This article examined the impact of unscorable item responses on the psychometric validity and practical interpretability of scores on the Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2/Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2–Restructured Form (MMPI-2/MMPI-2-RF). In analyses conducted with five archival samples, we found that relatively large proportions of unscorable responses (defined as 10% or more of the items scored on a scale) were relatively uncommon, occurring most often in forensic samples. Simulated unscorable responses were inserted in v

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5

Hoelzle, James B., and Gregory J. Meyer. "The Factor Structure of the MMPI–2 Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales." Journal of Personality Assessment 90, no. 5 (2008): 443–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223890802248711.

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6

Cox, Andrew, Hina Pant, Allison N. Gilson, et al. "Effects of Augmenting Response Options on MMPI–2 RC Scale Psychometrics." Journal of Personality Assessment 94, no. 6 (2012): 613–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2012.700464.

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7

Hall, Jordan T., Tayla T. C. Lee, William Ajayi, Lesley Ann Friedhoff, and John R. Graham. "Associations Between MMPI-2-RF Internalizing RC Scales and Positive Characteristics." Journal of Personality Assessment 103, no. 1 (2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2019.1677245.

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8

Sellbom, Martin, Yossef S. Ben-Porath, John L. McNulty, Paul A. Arbisi, and John R. Graham. "Elevation Differences Between MMPI-2 Clinical and Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales." Assessment 13, no. 4 (2006): 430–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191106293349.

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9

Bowden, Stephen C., Jessica R. White, Leonie Simpson, and Yossef S. Ben-Porath. "Elevation discrepancies between MMPI-2 clinical and MMPI-2-RF restructured clinical (RC) scales in people with seizure disorders." Epilepsy & Behavior 34 (May 2014): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.03.016.

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10

Arbisi, Paul A., Martin Sellbom, and Yossef S. Ben-Porath. "Empirical Correlates of the MMPI–2 Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales in Psychiatric Inpatients." Journal of Personality Assessment 90, no. 2 (2008): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223890701845146.

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11

Weiss, Peter A., Katherine J. Bell, and William U. Weiss. "Use of the MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales in Detecting Criminal Malingering." Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology 25, no. 1 (2009): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11896-009-9056-9.

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12

Forbey, Johnathan D., and Yossef S. Ben-Porath. "Empirical Correlates of the MMPI–2 Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales in a Nonclinical Setting." Journal of Personality Assessment 90, no. 2 (2008): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223890701845161.

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13

Sellbom, Martin, Yossef S. Ben-Porath, and John R. Graham. "Correlates of the MMPI–2 Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales in a College Counseling Setting." Journal of Personality Assessment 86, no. 1 (2006): 88–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa8601_10.

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14

Parisien, Michel. "Empirical vs. factorial validity in personality inventories: The MMPI-2 and the restructured RC scales." Quantitative Methods for Psychology 17, no. 3 (2021): 329–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20982/tqmp.17.3.p329.

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15

Adhiatma, Widhi, and Magdalena S. Halim. "Exploratory factor analysis of the Indonesian version of MMPI-2-RF Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales." HUMANITAS: Indonesian Psychological Journal 16, no. 1 (2019): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.26555/humanitas.v16i1.9420.

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16

Sellbom, Martin, Yossef S. Ben-Porath, Linda J. Baum, Edna Erez, and Carol Gregory. "Predictive Validity of the MMPI–2 Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales in a Batterers' Intervention Program." Journal of Personality Assessment 90, no. 2 (2008): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223890701845153.

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17

Sellbom, Martin, John R. Graham, and Paul W. Schenk. "Incremental Validity of the MMPI–2 Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales in a Private Practice Sample." Journal of Personality Assessment 86, no. 2 (2006): 196–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa8602_09.

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18

Parisien, Michel. "Validité empirique versus validité factorielle dans les inventaires de personnalité : le MMPI-2 et les échelles restructurées RC.// Empirical validity versus factorial validity in personality inventories: The MMPI-2 and the restructured RC scales." Quantitative Methods for Psychology 17, no. 2 (2021): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.20982/tqmp.17.2.p087.

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19

Wygant, Dustin B., and Karen P. Fleming. "Clinical Utility of the MMPI–2 Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales in Therapeutic Assessment: A Case Study." Journal of Personality Assessment 90, no. 2 (2008): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223890701845112.

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20

Greene, Roger L., Steven V. Rouse, James N. Butcher, David S. Nichols, and Carolyn L. Williams. "The MMPI–2 Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales and Redundancy: Response to Tellegen, Ben-Porath, and Sellbom." Journal of Personality Assessment 91, no. 3 (2009): 222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223890902800825.

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21

Sellbom, Martin, Yossef S. Ben-Porath, John R. Graham, Paul A. Arbisi, and R. Michael Bagby. "Susceptibility of the MMPI-2 Clinical, Restructured Clinical (RC), and Content Scales to Overreporting and Underreporting." Assessment 12, no. 1 (2005): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191104273515.

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22

SCHOLTE, WUBBO, BEA G. TIEMENS, ROEL VERHEUL, ANKE MEERMAN, JOS EGGER, and GIEL HUTSCHEMAEKERS. "Predictive Validity of the MMPI-2 Clinical, PSY-5, and RC Scales for Therapy Disruptive Behavior." Journal of Psychiatric Practice 18, no. 6 (2012): 420–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.pra.0000422740.87495.91.

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23

Caldwell, Alex B. "Maximal Measurement or Meaningful Measurement: The Interpretive Challenges of the MMPI–2 Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales." Journal of Personality Assessment 87, no. 2 (2006): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa8702_09.

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24

Wygant, Dustin B., Lana I. Boutacoff, Paul A. Arbisi, Yossef S. Ben-Porath, Peter H. Kelly, and William M. Rupp. "Examination of the MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales in a Sample of Bariatric Surgery Candidates." Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings 14, no. 3 (2007): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10880-007-9073-8.

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25

Gordon, Robert M., Ronald W. Stoffey, and Bethany L. Perkins. "Comparing the Sensitivity of the MMPI-2 Clinical Scales and the MMPI-RC Scales to Clients Rated as Psychotic, Borderline or Neurotic on the Psychodiagnostic Chart." Psychology 04, no. 09 (2013): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/psych.2013.49a1003.

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26

Sellbom, Martin, Yossef S. Ben-Porath, and R. Michael Bagby. "Personality and Psychopathology: Mapping the MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales onto the Five Factor Model of Personality." Journal of Personality Disorders 22, no. 3 (2008): 291–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/pedi.2008.22.3.291.

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27

Handel, Richard W., and Robert P. Archer. "An Investigation of the Psychometric Properties of the MMPI–2 Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales With Mental Health Inpatients." Journal of Personality Assessment 90, no. 3 (2008): 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223890701884954.

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28

Tellegen, Auke, Yossef S. Ben-Porath, and Martin Sellbom. "Construct Validity of the MMPI–2 Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales: Reply to Rouse, Greene, Butcher, Nichols, and Williams." Journal of Personality Assessment 91, no. 3 (2009): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223890902794192.

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29

Forbey, Johnathan D., and Yossef S. Ben-Porath. "A comparison of the MMPI-2 restructured clinical (RC) and clinical scales in a substance abuse treatment sample." Psychological Services 4, no. 1 (2007): 46–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1541-1559.4.1.46.

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30

Thomas, Michael L., and James R. Youngjohn. "Let's Not Get Hysterical: Comparing the MMPI-2 Validity, Clinical, and RC Scales in TBI Litigants Tested for Effort." Clinical Neuropsychologist 23, no. 6 (2009): 1067–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13854040902795000.

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31

Ben-Porath, Yossef S., and Auke Tellegen. "Empirical Correlates of the MMPI–2 Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales in Mental Health, Forensic, and Nonclinical Settings: An Introduction." Journal of Personality Assessment 90, no. 2 (2008): 119–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223890701845120.

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32

Wallace, Amanda, and Laura Liljequist. "A Comparison of the Correlational Structures and Elevation Patterns of the MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) and Clinical Scales." Assessment 12, no. 3 (2005): 290–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191105276250.

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33

Finn, Stephen E., and Jan H. Kamphuis. "The MMPI–2 Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales and Restraints to Innovation, or "What Have They Done to My Song?"." Journal of Personality Assessment 87, no. 2 (2006): 202–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa8702_10.

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34

Osberg, Timothy M., Erin N. Haseley, and Michele M. Kamas. "The MMPI–2 Clinical Scales and Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales: Comparative Psychometric Properties and Relative Diagnostic Efficiency in Young Adults." Journal of Personality Assessment 90, no. 1 (2008): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223890701693801.

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35

Scholte, Wubbo, Bea Tiemens, Roel Verheul, Anke Meerman, Jos Egger, and Giel Hutschemaekers. "The RC scales predict psychotherapy outcomes: The predictive validity of the MMPI-2's restructured clinical scales for psychotherapeutic outcomes." Personality and Mental Health 6, no. 4 (2012): 292–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pmh.1190.

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36

Tellegen, Auke, Yossef S. Ben-Porath, Martin Sellbom, Paul A. Arbisi, John L. McNulty, and John R. Graham. "Further Evidence on the Validity of the MMPI–2 Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales: Addressing Questions Raised by Rogers, Sewell, Harrison, and Jordan and Nichols." Journal of Personality Assessment 87, no. 2 (2006): 148–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa8702_04.

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37

Alfonso, Demy, Christopher Gonzalez, Gabriel P. Ovsiew, Zachary J. Resch, and Jason R. Soble. "12 The Effect of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form Symptom Reporting Among Adult Neuropsychological Referrals." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 29, s1 (2023): 696–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617723008706.

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Objective:Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is a broad construct that refers to negative events one may experience during childhood, including, but not limited to, childhood maltreatment, household dysfunction, and trauma. ACEs have consistently shown to be associated with negative physical and mental health outcomes. Although researchers have investigated the effects of trauma and abuse on personality measures, few studies have examined differences between those with high ACEs, low ACEs, and no ACEs on measures of personality in the context of neuropsychological evaluations.Participants an

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38

Gordon, Robert M. "Comparing the Sensitivity of the MMPI-2 Clinical Scales and the MMPI-RC Scales to Clients Rated as Psychotic, Borderline or Neurotic on the Psychodiagnostic Chart." September 17, 2013. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7657771.

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The purpose of this study was to assess the differences between the MMPI-2 and the MMPI-RC scales in sensitivity to levels of psychopathology. Ninety-eight clients from forensic, disability and psychotherapy evaluations were evaluated on the MMPI-2 and RC scales and rated for personality organization (neurotic, borderline or psychotic) on the Psychodiagnostic Chart. The results over-all showed support that most of the MMPI-2 scales have more clinical sensitivity than the RC scales at all levels of psychopathology and particularly at the less pathological levels. K correction does not account f

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39

Langwerden, Robbert J., Paul T. Van der Heijden, Tom Claassen, Jan J. L. Derksen, and Jos I. M. Egger. "The structure of dimensions of psychopathology in normative and clinical samples: Applying causal discovery to MMPI-2-RF scales to investigate clustering of psychopathology spectra and p-factors." Frontiers in Psychiatry 13 (November 10, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1026900.

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We applied a Bayesian Constraint-based Causal Discovery method (BCCD) to examine the hierarchical structure of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) Restructured Clinical (RC) scales. Two different general psychopathology super spectra (p-factor) scales were extracted from (1) all RC scales and (2) all RC scales except the RCd (Demoralization) scale. These p-factor scales were included in separate models to investigate the structure of dimensions of psychopathology in a normative (n = 3,242) and clinical (n = 2,466) sample, as well as the combined norm

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40

Gregory, Sonji D., Mark Newmeyer, Linda J. Baum, and Donald A. Lichi. "Marital Distress in Missionaries as Measured by the MMPI-2-RF Interpersonal Scales." Journal of Psychology and Theology, November 30, 2020, 009164712096831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091647120968312.

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The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) is a briefer revision of the MMPI-2. The archived MMPI-2 profiles of 214 evangelical missionaries were analyzed to explore the relationship among the MMPI-2-RF newly constructed interpersonal scales, the RC scales, and missionary distress. Missionary husbands and wives were placed into two groups based on marital types (conflicted and non-conflicted) and again into three groups based on presenting issues (marital, family, and non-family distress). The results lend support to the use of the MMPI-2-RF Family Problems

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41

Gordon, Robert M. "False Assumptions About Psychopathology, Hysteria and the MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical Scales." July 12, 2006. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7657670.

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The MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical scales (RC) scales rest on the common behavioral assumption that consistent items can be added to assess all psychopathologies. This may be the case for some unitary symptoms such as anxiety or anger, but not for complex diagnostic conditions such as Hysteria, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and Borderline Personality Disorder. These are better understood with a psychodynamic formulation. Psychodynamic theory assumes that internal conflicts and contradictions are a significant feature of many psychopathologies. For example the new RC3 Cynicism scale is not a rep

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42

Rubright, Colin, Greg Shapiro, Bonnie E. Shoemaker, and Jason R. Soble. "A - 35 Effects of Childhood Trauma Exposure on Psychological Symptom Endorsement among Adult ADHD Referrals." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, September 12, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acae067.049.

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Abstract Objective Adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are more likely to have childhood trauma exposure. Trauma exposure evaluations are not always standard practice for adult ADHD evaluations, but personality inventories like the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) are more commonly used to differentiate neurodevelopmental symptoms from psychiatric disorders. This study assessed the impact of childhood trauma exposure on MMPI-2-RF profiles among adults referred for ADHD evaluation. Method Cross-sectional data from 222 patients r

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