Relevant bibliographies by topics / Mmwave frequency bands

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Academic literature on the topic 'Mmwave frequency bands'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2025
Last updated: 6 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Mmwave frequency bands"

1

Li, Siyu, Benito Sanz Izquierdo, Steven Gao, and Zhijiao Chen. "Analysis of 3D Printed Dielectric Resonator Antenna Arrays for Millimeter-Wave 5G Applications." Applied Sciences 14, no. 21 (2024): 9886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14219886.

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This paper explores the potential use of fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology for manufacturing microwave and millimeter-wave dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) for 5G and beyond communication systems. DRAs operating at microwave and millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequency bands were simulated, fabricated, and analyzed in terms of manufacturing quality and radio frequency (RF) performance. Samples were manufactured using a 3D printer and PREPERM® ABS1000 filament, which offers a stable dielectric constant (εr = 10 ± 0.35) and low losses (tan δ = 0.003) over wide frequency and temperature ranges. Surface profile tests and microscope measurements revealed discrepancies in the dimensions in the xy-plane and along the z-axis, consistent with the observed shift in resonant frequency. Despite these variations, reasonably good agreement between RF-simulated and measured results was achieved, and the DRA array successfully covered the intended mmWave band. However, challenges in achieving high precision may restrict applications at higher mmWave bands. Nevertheless, compared with conventional methods, FDM techniques offer a highly accessible and flexible solution with a wide range of materials for home and micro-manufacturing of mmWave DRAs for modern 5G systems.
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Majed, Mohammed Bahjat, Tharek Abd Rahman, Omar Abdul Aziz, Mohammad Nour Hindia, and Effariza Hanafi. "Channel Characterization and Path Loss Modeling in Indoor Environment at 4.5, 28, and 38 GHz for 5G Cellular Networks." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2018 (September 20, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9142367.

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The current propagation models used for frequency bands less than 6 GHz are not appropriate and cannot be applied for path loss modeling and channel characteristics for frequency bands above 6 GHz millimeter wave (mmWave) bands, due to the difference of signal propagation characteristics between existing frequency bands and mmWave frequency bands. Thus, extensive studies on channel characterization and path loss modeling are required to develop a general and appropriate channel model that can be suitable for a wide range of mmWave frequency bands in its modeling parameter. This paper presents a study of well-known channel models for an indoor environment on the 4.5, 28, and 38 GHz frequency bands. A new path loss model is proposed for the 28 GHz and 38 GHz frequency bands. Measurements for the indoor line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) scenarios were taken every meter over a separation distance of 23 m between the TX and RX antenna locations to compare the well-known and the new large-scale generic path loss models. This measurement was conducted in a new wireless communication center WCC block P15a at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia UTM Johor, Malaysia, and the results were analyzed based on the well-known and proposed path loss models for single-frequency and multifrequency models and for directional and omnidirectional path loss models. Results show that the large-scale path loss over distance could be modeled better with good accuracy by using the simple proposed model with one parameter path loss exponent PLE (n) that is physically based to the transmitter power, rather than using the well-known models that have no physical base to the transmitted power, more complications (require more parameters), and lack of anticipation when explaining model parameters. The PLE values for the LOS scenario were 0.92, 0.90, and 1.07 for the V-V, V-H, and V-Omni antenna polarizations, respectively, at the 28 GHz frequency and were 2.30, 2.24, and 2.40 for the V-V, V-H, and V-Omni antenna polarizations, respectively, at the 38 GHz frequency.
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Dilli, Ravilla. "Performance analysis of multi user massive MIMO hybrid beamforming systems at millimeter wave frequency bands." Wireless Networks 27, no. 3 (2021): 1925–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11276-021-02546-w.

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AbstractMillimeter-wave (mmWave) and massive multi-input–multi-output (mMIMO) communications are the most key enabling technologies for next generation wireless networks to have large available spectrum and throughput. mMIMO is a promising technique for increasing the spectral efficiency of wireless networks, by deploying large antenna arrays at the base station (BS) and perform coherent transceiver processing. Implementation of mMIMO systems at mmWave frequencies resolve the issue of high path-loss by providing higher antenna gains. The motivation for this research work is that mmWave and mMIMO operations will be much more popular in 5G NR, considering the wide deployment of mMIMO in major frequency bands as per 3rd generation partnership project. In this paper, a downlink multi-user mMIMO (MU-mMIMO) hybrid beamforming communication system is designed with multiple independent data streams per user and accurate channel state information. It emphasizes the hybrid precoding at transmitter and combining at receiver of a mmWave MU-mMIMO hybrid beamforming system. Results of this research work give the tradeoff between multiple data streams per user and required number of BS antennas. It strongly recommends for higher number of parallel data streams per user in a mmWave MU-mMIMO systems to achieve higher order throughputs.
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Mustafa, S. Aljumaily. "Routing Protocols Performance in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks Using Millimeter Wave." International Journal of Computer Networks & Communications (IJCNC) 10, no. 4 (2018): 23–36. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1344329.

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ABSTRACT Self-Organized networks (SONs) have been studied for many years, and have attracted many researchers due to their substantial applications. Although the performance of such networks in the lower band networks (sub-6 GHz band frequencies) has been well studied, there are only sparse studies on SON in higher frequency bands, such as the millimeter wave (mmWave) band ranges between 28GHz and 300GHz. mmWave frequencies have attracted many researchers in the past few years because of its unique features and are now considered as an important part of the next generation of wireless communications namely (5G).In this paper, we study the performance of some well-known routing protocols in the case of mmWave Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) using the ns-3 mmwave module that was developed recently. SONs are within the goals for the next release of the 3GPP New Radio (NR) standardization process (Release-16) for the 5G, which makes the study of the behavior of such frequency bands for these networks an important activity towards achieving such goal. Mathematical and simulation results show a great improvement in the routing protocols delivery rates and power consumption when using mmWave compared to the sub6GHz band frequencies.
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Othman, Bzhar Rahman, Thuraya Mahmood Alqaradaghi, and Araz Sabir Ameen. "Coverage Analysis and Proposed Cell Sizes to Enhance the Performance of the 5G Cellular System." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 31, no. 2 (2024): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.31.2.8.

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The global demand for more digital data motivates the evolution of mobile communication systems from 2G and 3G to 4G and 5G to support high data rate applications. The International Mobile Telecommuication-2020 (IMT-2020) defined the minimum technical performance requirements and guidelines for evaluating the 5G mobile cellular system. The New Radio (NR) millimeter wave (mmWave) and massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (mMIMO) antenna systems are technologies used in the 5G cellular system. Therefore, this paper studies the performance of the mmWave system combined with the mMIMO antenna system using the IMT-2020 channel model in a dense urban microenvironment, considering different frequency bands and numbers of elements at the Base Station (BS) antenna array. The performance is evaluated through system-level simulation in terms of Signal power to Noise power Ratio (SNR), Spectral Efficiency (SE), and cell edge user SE. A cell size reduction technique is proposed to meet the target requirements set by IMT-2020. Simulation results showed that the sub. 6 GHz frequency bands achieve the target SE of IMT-2020, while in the mmWave frequency range, the target SE requirement can be achieved using a high number of antenna elements at the BS antenna for some frequency bands.
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Rodríguez-Corbo, Fidel Alejandro, Leyre Azpilicueta, Mikel Celaya-Echarri, et al. "Deterministic 3D Ray-Launching Millimeter Wave Channel Characterization for Vehicular Communications in Urban Environments." Sensors 20, no. 18 (2020): 5284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20185284.

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The increasing demand for more sensors inside vehicles pursues the intention of making vehicles more “intelligent”. In this context, the vision of fully connected and autonomous cars is becoming more tangible and will turn into a reality in the coming years. The use of these intelligent transport systems will allow the integration of efficient performance in terms of route control, fuel consumption, and traffic administration, among others. Future vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication will require a wider bandwidth as well as lower latencies than current technologies can offer, to support high-constraint safety applications and data exhaustive information exchanges. To this end, recent investigations have proposed the adoption of the millimeter wave (mmWave) bands to achieve high throughput and low latencies. However, mmWave communications come with high constraints for implementation due to higher free-space losses, poor diffraction, poor signal penetration, among other channel impairments for these high-frequency bands. In this work, a V2X communication channel in the mmWave (28 GHz) band is analyzed by a combination of an empirical study and a deterministic simulation with an in-house 3D ray-launching algorithm. Multiple mmWave V2X links has been modeled for a complex heterogeneous urban scenario in order to capture and analyze different propagation phenomena, providing full volumetric estimation of frequency/power as well as time domain parameters. Large- and small-scale propagation parameters are obtained for a combination of different situations, taking into account the obstruction between the transceivers of vehicles of distinct sizes. These results can aid in the development of modeling techniques for the implementation of mmWave frequency bands in the vehicular context, with the capability of adapting to different scenario requirements in terms of network topology, user density, or transceiver location. The proposed methodology provides accurate wireless channel estimation within the complete volume of the scenario under analysis, considering detailed topological characteristics.
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Iradier, Gil Eneko, Aritz Abuin, Alvarez Rufino Reydel Cabrera, et al. "Advanced NOMA-based RRM schemes for broadcasting in 5G mmWave frequency bands." IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting 68, no. 1 (2021): 143–55. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBC.2021.3128049.

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A relevant solution for the high demand for new multimedia applications and services is millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency band in 5G. However, in order to face the technological challenges of the present and those that will appear in the short-term future, it is necessary to improve the spectral efficiency of 5G systems. In particular, the Radio Resource Management (RRM) module is considered an essential component. Nevertheless, resource allocation techniques that combine orthogonal multiplexing (OMA) schemes, such as Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), with Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) techniques have not been studied in-depth. Therefore, this article designs and evaluates different RRM models that combine TDMA with NOMA for innovative applications in the 5G mmWave frequency bands. To this end, the advantages and challenges associated with mmWave frequency bands and potential future applications are introduced. An innovative use case has been designed to test the RRM models. The use case is based on the on-demand distribution of multimedia content in high-density environments, such as museum halls. The on-demand content aims at offering Augmented Reality (AR) services to unicast users in order to provide personalized services. The models have been evaluated in terms of throughput, capacity, and availability. According to the results, the combined RRM techniques offer up to 50% more capacity than the single multiplexing technology models and can provide video-on-demand service to practically the entire cell.
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Obeidat, Huthaifa. "Investigations on Millimeter-Wave Indoor Channel Simulations for 5G Networks." Applied Sciences 14, no. 19 (2024): 8972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14198972.

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Due to the extensively accessible bandwidth of many tens of GHz, millimeter-wave (mmWave) and sub-terahertz (THz) frequencies are anticipated to play a significant role in 5G and 6G wireless networks and beyond. This paper presents investigations on mmWave bands within the indoor environment based on extensive simulations; the study considers the behavior of the omnidirectional and directional propagation characteristics, including path loss exponents (PLE) delay spread (DS), the number of clusters, and the number of rays per cluster at different frequencies (28 GHz, 39 GHz, 60 GHz and 73 GHz) in both line-of-sight (LOS) and non-LOS (NLOS) propagation scenarios. This study finds that the PLE and DS show dependency on frequency; it was also found that, in NLOS scenarios, the number of clusters follows a Poisson distribution, while, in LOS, it follows a decaying exponential distribution. This study enhances understanding of the indoor channel behavior at different frequency bands within the same environment, as many research papers focus on single or two bands; this paper considers four frequency bands. The simulation is important as it provides insights into omnidirectional channel behavior at different frequencies, essential for indoor channel planning.
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Mothana, L. Attiah, Awang Md Isa Azmi, Zakaria Zahriladha, Fadzilah Abdullah Nor, Ismail Mahamod, and Nordin Rosdiadee. "Adaptive Multi-state Millimeter Wave Cell Selection Scheme for 5G communications." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 5 (2018): 2967–78. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i5.pp2967-2978.

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Millimeter wave bands have been introduced as one of the most promising solutions to alleviate the spectrum secrecy in the upcoming future cellular technology (5G) due the enormous amount of raw bandwidth available in these bands. However, the inherent propagation characteristics of mmWave frequencies could impose new challenges i.e. higher path loss, atmospheric absorption, and rain attenuation which in turn increase the outage probability and hence, degrading the overall system performance. Therefore, in this paper, a novel flexible scheme is proposed namely Adaptive Multi-State MmWave Cell Selection (AMSMC-S) through adopting three classes of mmWave base stations, able to operate at various mmWave carrier frequencies (73, 38 and 28 GHz). Two mmWave cellular Grid-Based cell deployment scenarios have been implemented with two inter-site-distances 200 m and 300 m, corresponding to target area of (2.1 km<sup>2</sup>) and (2.2 km<sup>2</sup>). The maximum SINR value at the user equipment (UE) is taken in to consideration to enrich the mobile user experience. Numerical results show an improvement of overall system performance, where the outage probability reduced significantly to zero while maintaining an acceptable performance of the 5G systems with approximately more than 50% of the mobile stations with more than 1Gbps data rate.
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Tamunotonye, Sotonye Ibanibo, and Iyaminapu Iyoloma Collins. "Enhancing User Association to mmWave with Network Slicing and QoS Prioritization from Sub-6 GHz Bands." International Journal of Current Science Research and Review 08, no. 02 (2025): 688–94. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830704.

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Abstract : In order to increase network capacity and user experience, a move toward millimeter-wave spectrum use has become necessary due to the constraints of sub-6 GHz frequencies and the rising demand for mobile data. In this paper, we propose a mathematical framework to dynamically improve user association with mmWave bands using network slicing and Quality of Service (QoS) priority. A utility maximization algorithm that balances user demand, network load, and signal quality across accessible spectrum bands is one of the multi-tier optimization techniques used in the suggested model. Optimal changeover locations from sub-6 GHz to mmWave are predicted using a Markov Decision Process (MDP) based on environmental factors and real-time user mobility. According to simulation data, under conditions of peak demand, this technique can improve user offload to mmWave by up to 50% while reducing congestion on sub-6 GHz bands by 30%. Furthermore, QoS priority ensures that customers encounter the least amount of disturbance when switching between frequency tiers by improving latency-sensitive application performance by an average of 20%. These results demonstrate how network slicing in conjunction with QoS-driven regulations can optimize network capacity, dynamically balance frequency allocation, and guarantee uninterrupted connectivity for next-generation mobile networks.
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Books on the topic "Mmwave frequency bands"

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Rappaport, Theodore S., Kate A. Remley, Camillo Gentile, Andreas F. Molisch, and Alenka Zajić, eds. Radio Propagation Measurements and Channel Modeling: Best Practices for Millimeter-Wave and Sub-Terahertz Frequencies. Cambridge University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781009122740.

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This book offers comprehensive, practical guidance on RF propagation channel characterization at mmWave and sub-terahertz frequencies, with an overview of both measurement systems and current and future channel models. It introduces the key concepts required for performing accurate mmWave channel measurements, including channel sounder architectures, calibration methods, channel sounder performance metrics and their relationship to propagation channel characteristics. With a comprehensive introduction to mmWave channel models, the book allows readers to carefully review and select the most appropriate channel model for their application. The book provides fundamental system theory accessible in a step by step way with clear examples throughout. With inter- and multidisciplinary perspectives, the reader will observe the tight interaction between measurements and modeling for these frequency bands and how different disciplines interact. This is an excellent reference for researchers, including graduate students, working on mmWave and sub-THz wireless communications, and for engineers developing communication systems.
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Book chapters on the topic "Mmwave frequency bands"

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Srinivas, Nallapalem Neeraj, Yasaswini Vellisetty, and P. C. Jain. "Impact of Beam Formation on 5G Mobile Communication Network in mmWave Frequency Band." In Advances in Data Computing, Communication and Security. Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8403-6_45.

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Huu Trung, Nguyen. "Multiplexing Techniques for Applications Based-on 5G Systems." In Multiplexing - Recent Advances and Novel Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101780.

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Multiplexing is an important technique in modern communication systems that allows simultaneous transmission of multiple channels of information on the same transmission media. Fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication systems allow Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications (URLLC), and Massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC). 5G has carrier frequency bands from sub-1 GHz to mid-bands and millimetre waves. The sub-1 GHz frequency band is for mobile broadband, broadcast and massive IoT applications. The mid-bands (between 1–6 GHz) offer wider bandwidths, focusing on mobile broadband and mission-critical applications. The frequency bands above 24 GHz (mmWaves) support super wide bandwidth applications over short, line-of-sight coverage. For each application on a corresponding frequency band, 5G allows defining of an optimized waveform from a family of waveforms. 5G uses massive MIMO, NOMA and network slicing techniques which allows spatial multiplexing and multibeam multiplexing. Multiplexing techniques play a major role in 5G systems in terms of data rate and bandwidth efficiency. This chapter presents multiplexing techniques for applications based-on 5G systems.
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Conference papers on the topic "Mmwave frequency bands"

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Chang, Minseok, and Wonbin Hong. "Passive Dual-Band Shared-Aperture Reflective Metasurface with Large Frequency Ratio for Sub-6 GHz/mmWave Band Communication." In 2024 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and INC/USNC‐URSI Radio Science Meeting (AP-S/INC-USNC-URSI). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ap-s/inc-usnc-ursi52054.2024.10685991.

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Dileep, Alka, Sanjana Paul, Raghvendra Kumar Chaudhary, and Kumar Vaibhav Srivastava. "Design of a Multilayer Transmissive-Reflective Frequency Selective Surface with Wide Stop-band for mmWave Applications." In 2024 IEEE Microwaves, Antennas, and Propagation Conference (MAPCON). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/mapcon61407.2024.10923110.

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Ganesh, Ashwini P., Wahab Khawaja, Ozgur Ozdemir, İsmail Güvenç, Hiroyuki Nomoto, and Yasuaki Ide. "Propagation Measurements and Coverage Analysis for mmWave and Sub-THz Frequency Bands with Transparent Reflectors." In 2023 IEEE 97th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2023-Spring). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vtc2023-spring57618.2023.10200244.

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Lyu, Yejian, Allan Wainaina Mbugua, Kim Olesen, Pekka Kyosti, and Wei Fan. "On the Phase-Compensated Long-Range VNA-based Channel Sounder for sub-6 GHz, mmWave and sub-THz frequency bands." In 2022 16th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/eucap53622.2022.9769464.

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Abd, Ali kadhum, and Jamal Mohammed Rasool. "Triple Band Frequency Reconfigurable mmWave Antenna Design for 5G Applications." In 2022 2nd International Conference on Advances in Engineering Science and Technology (AEST). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aest55805.2022.10413119.

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Delkhah, S. A., A. Abdipour, and A. Mohammadi. "Design of optimum grid array antenna in 60GHz frequency band." In 2012 Second Conference on Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Technologies (MMWaTT). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mmwatt.2012.6532158.

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Talebzadeh, A., A. Mohammadi, and A. Abdipour. "Miniaturized branch-line coupler for 60 GHz frequency band applications using CMOS technology." In 2012 Second Conference on Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Technologies (MMWaTT). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mmwatt.2012.6532164.

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Khoshniyat, Hamed, Gholamreza Moradi, Abdolali Abdipour, and Kambiz Afrooz. "Optimization and fully distributed analysis of traveling wave switches at millimeter wave frequency band." In 2009 First Conference on Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Technologies (MMWaTT). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mmwatt.2009.5450453.

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Hasani, J. Yavand, M. Kamarei, and F. Ndagijimana. "Analysis of high frequency effects in the intrinsic part of nano-metre scale MOS devices in millimeter wave band." In 2009 First Conference on Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Technologies (MMWaTT). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mmwatt.2009.5450462.

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Aghamohammadi, Mohammad Hossein, Saughar Jarchi, and Aliakbar Zamani. "Mutual Coupling Reduction in Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Antenna Based on Metamaterial at Low THz Frequency Band." In 2022 6th International Conference on Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Technologies (MMWaTT). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mmwatt58022.2022.10172115.

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