Journal articles: 'Mnemiopsis leidyi'

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Louppova, N. "The Abundance and Biomass Dynamic of Populations the Black Sea Macrozooplankton." Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no. 5 (May 15, 2020): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/54/09.

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The abundance and biomass dynamic of massive macrozooplankton of the Black Sea was studied over 3 years. Data on the dates of mass reproduction of Jellyfish Aurelia aurita and Ctenophore invaders Mnemiopsis leidyi and Beroe ovata were obtained. The dependence of M. leidyi reproduction on the season and temperature of the medium was established, and for the other two gelatinous, on the successful reproduction of Mnemiopsis.

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Ушивцев, В. Б., В. В. Саяпин, Е. П. Олейников, and М. Л. Галактионова. "ОЦЕНКА СОСТОЯНИЯ ПОПУЛЯЦИЙ ГРЕБНЕВИКОВ MNEMIOPSIS LEIDYI А. AGASSIZ, 1865 И ВEROE OVATA BRUGUI?RE, 1789 В РОССИЙСКОМ СЕКТОРЕ КАСПИЙСКОГО МОРЯ В АВГУСТЕ 2021 г., "Наука юга России"." Science in the South of Russia, no. 3 (2022): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7868/s25000640220312.

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Изучено различие в сроках формирования сезонных псевдопопуляций гребневиков Mnemiopsis leidyi А. Agassiz, 1865 и Beroe ovata Brugui re, 1789 в северо-западной части Каспийского моря. В августе 2021 г. биомасса Mnemiopsis leidyi в условиях отсутствия Beroe ovata была значительно выше, чем в ноябре 2020 г. на тех же станциях отбора проб, когда в пробах присутствовали оба вида гребневиков. Выявлено значительное увеличение доли крупных особей M. leidyi. Определен физиологический барьер для вертикального распространения желетелых, которым являлась граница термоклина, находившаяся в августе 2021 г. в исследованном районе на глубинах 20–22 м. Применение бортового телеметрического комплекса существенно дополняет информацию об особенностях вертикального распространения организмов желетелого макрозоопланктона.

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Shiganova, Tamara. "Changes in appendicularian Oikopleura dioica abundance caused by invasion of alien ctenophores in the Black Sea." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 85, no. 3 (June 2005): 477–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315405011410.

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Oikopleura dioica is the only recorded appendicularian in the Black Sea. During the last two decades major changes in the O. dioica population size as well as total zooplankton community structures were recorded when invasive ctenophore species appeared in the Black Sea ecosystem. The state of the O. dioica population, before the invasion of ctenophores Mnemiopsis leidyi and Beroe ovata, is reviewed. The effect of the invasion of these ctenophores on the total zooplankton and particularly on the O. dioica standing stock is summarized from our long-term data and published information. The abundance, biomass and species composition of zooplankton greatly decreased after the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi invasion due to predation by M. leidyi. Specifically, the abundance of O. dioica declined at that period. But with increasing numbers of a new invader, the ctenophore Beroe ovata, a predator of M. leidyi, in 1999, the zooplankton community began to recover. The population density of Oikopleura dioica also gradually increased to a level that was within the range of its abundance before the M. leidyi outbreak and even higher due to increasing its prey bacteria, which was provoked by the mucus released by B. ovata.

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Pang, K., and M. Q. Martindale. "Mnemiopsis leidyi Spawning and Embryo Collection." Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2008, no. 12 (November 1, 2008): pdb.prot5085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot5085.

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Пузаков, М. В., and Л. В. Пузакова. "leidyi – новая группа DD41D-транспозонов в геноме мнемиопсиса Mnemiopsis leidyi." Генетика 55, no. 7 (2019): 788–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0016675819070129.

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Baiandina, Iu S. "Response of Mnemiopsis leidyi larvae to light intensity changes." Marine Biological Journal 5, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2020.05.2.09.

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A possible response to light of larvae of Black Sea ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi of two age groups (first to fourth day and one-two weeks after hatching) was experimentally studied. The larvae were placed in a Petri dish with seawater, in which two areas (light and dark) were created using a light source and a black opaque background. The number of larvae in each area was recorded for an hour after the start of the experiment. It was found that on average 77 % of the early stage larvae (first to fourth day) migrated to the dark area after an hour. We hypothesized that Mnemiopsis leidyi early stage larvae have negative phototaxis. Similar response of the older larvae (one-two weeks) was not recorded.

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Fiori, Emanuela, Margherita Benzi, Carla Rita Ferrari, and Cristina Mazziotti. "Zooplankton community structure before and after Mnemiopsis leidyi arrival." Journal of Plankton Research 41, no. 6 (November 2019): 803–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbz060.

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Abstract In the present study, the temporal dynamics of zooplankton community of the North West Adriatic Sea (coastal area of Emilia-Romagna region, Italy) was monitored over 12 years. The distribution and abundance of zooplankton species were investigated in relation to physical and biological parameters (temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll-a). Since November 2015 the non-indigenous copepod Pseudodiaptomus marinus, Sato, 1913 has been observed in the study area. During summer 2016, the American comb jelly Mnemiopsis leidyi, A. Agassiz, 1865 was recorded there for the first time and its presence was continuously monitored since that time (weekly observations from August 2016 to December 2017). Our study confirmed that the environmental conditions of the study area were suitable for M. leidyi growth. In addition, due to the combined effects of temperature, salinity and food availability M. leidyi was able to survive during winter months. Particular attention was then given to zooplankton abundance and community changes between two time periods: before and after M. leidyi arrival. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in zooplankton abundance between the two time periods and a decrease in species diversity and evenness was observed during summer 2016.

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Biryukova, Maria Georgievna. "TROPHOLOGY OF CTENOPHORE MNEMIOPSIS LEIDYI AFTER NATURALIZATION IN ECOSYSTEM OF CASPIAN SEA." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Fishing industry 2021, no. 1 (March 17, 2021): 61–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-5529-2021-1-61-68.

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Trophological studies of ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi conducted in the Caspian Sea more often included species at the later stage of development, as a result, juveniles, metamorphic larvae and larvae were ignored. Ctenophore is known to start feeding since the moment the larva emerges from the egg. Studying the availability of food resources and their size range allowed to trace a certain dependence in the diet of ctenophore, and to determine at which stage of development the jellylike organism in the population feeds most intensively. During the period of naturalization of invasion in the Caspian Sea (1998-2016) there has been registered an increasing number of species with an empty gastrovascular cavity (GVC) in the Mnemiopsis population. According to the analysis results obtained during the study period, the share of individuals with empty GVC in the North Caspian increased to 77.8%, which is associated not with the climatic or hydrological factors, as in 2015 and 2016, but with the availability of food items and internal competition for food resources. There has been found the diversity of the items making food stuff of Mnemiopsis in nature. The main food component is mesozooplankton, as well as meroplankton (cirriped nauplii, larvae of polychaete worms). In food requirements ctenophore does not show selectivity of food resources, the basis of its food make the most available forms of zooplankters.

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Harcotă, George Emanuel, Elena BIȘINICU, Cristina TABARCEA, Aurelia Țoțoiu, Adrian FILIMON, Valeria ABAZA, Laura BOICENCO, and Florin TIMOFTE. "DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF THE MACROZOOPLANKTON COMUNITY IN THE BLACK SEA IN 2021." Annals of the Academy of Romanian Scientists Series on Biological Sciences 11, no. 2 (2022): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.56082/annalsarscibio.2022.2.53.

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This paper focuses on the dynamics of four jellyfish species, Aurelia aurita, Beroe ovata, Mnemiopsis leidyi and Pleurobrachia pileus, from the Black Sea. The samples were taken in time of two expeditions in 2021 (May-June and August-September). Aurelia aurita species was dominant in terms of biomass due to its large size, The density of the species Pleurobrachia pileus recorded high values, in the north, but also between the isobaths of 40-80 m. The density of the species Mnemiopsis leidyi was higher in the southern and central area of the Romanian Black Sea. Because jellyfish feed on zooplankton organisms, the eggs and larvae of commercially important fish, high densities of jellyfish can produce direct decreases in the trophic chain by reducing the biomass of zooplankton, and fish eggs and larvae.

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Bagheri, Siamak, Ulrich Niermann, Mashhor Mansor, and Foong Swee Yeok. "Biodiversity, distribution and abundance of zooplankton in the Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea off Anzali during 1996–2010." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 94, no. 1 (October 25, 2013): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315413001288.

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The mesozooplankton of the south-western Caspian Sea, off Anzali, sampled from 1996–2010, had undergone severe changes, especially after the year 2001, when the invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi bloomed for the first time. Native species vanished or decreased, while invasive species such as Pleopis polyphemoides, Acartia tonsa, M. leidyi and the larvae of Balanus sp., plus Hediste diversicolor dominated the zooplankton. It could be stated that the increasing amount of nutrients since the early 1980s led to a decrease of endemic species and smoothed the way for opportunistic invader species, which outcompeted and depleted the endemic species in their turn. However, the major changes in the zooplankton community and possibly the blooming of M. leidyi during 2001–2002 were triggered by changing weather patterns, when a period with heavy rain at the end of the 1990s was followed by a prolonged drought (2001–2002). It is not clear to what extent M. leidyi was responsible for the disappearance of endemic Copepoda and Cladocera species such as Eurytemora grimmi, Limnocalanus grimaldii, Cercopagis pengoi, and Polyphemus exiguous, because the mesozooplantic invader species seemed to be more successful competitors than the endemic Caspian Sea fauna. Compared with other areas of the Caspian Sea, the development of the M. leidyi stock was moderate in the area under investigation. Mnemiopsis leidyi numbers and biomass increased from the beginning of sampling in 2001 to about 600 n.m−3 and 40–60 g wet weight m−3 until 2003. Since then the stock oscillated in this range until 2010.

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Ushivtsev, V. B., V. V. Sayapin, E. P. Oleynikov, M. L. Galaktionova, and S. A. Kotenkov. "Population Status of the Ctenophores Mnemiopsis leidyi Agassiz, 1865 and Beroe ovata Bruguiere, 1789 in the Waters of the North and Middle Caspian Western Shelf in August–September, 2022." Океанология 63, no. 6 (November 1, 2023): 927–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0030157423060151.

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The latitudinal distribution of the ctenophores Mnemiopsis leidyi A. Agassiz, 1865 and Beroe ovata Bruguière, 1789 in the Russian sector of the Caspian Sea has different borders of their ranges. Studies on the occurrence of ctenophores in the water column have demonstrated that each species has a characteristic temperature limit of its vertical distribution. Investigations into interactions between ctenophores showed a considerable abundance suppression of M. leidyi (particularly of smaller individuals) by B. ovata.

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Birinci Özdemir, Zekiye, Yakup Erdem, and Levent Bat. "Some population parameters of Mnemiopsis leidyi A. Agassiz, 1865 (Ctenophora: Lobata) in Sinop coasts of the Black Sea." Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 37, no. 3 (September 15, 2020): 285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.37.3.11.

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Some population parameters of gelatinous macrozooplankton species, Mnemiopsis leidyi, were studied in the present study carried out from January 2008 to December 2008 along the coasts of Sinop in the Black Sea. A total of 980 M. leidyi specimens were measured and weighed. The estimated average length and weight of the species were 3.2±0.060 cm and 7.3±0.250 g, respectively. The observed maximum and minimum lengths were 10.8 cm and 0.2 cm. The maximum and minimum weights measured were 63 g and 0.1 g. The length-weight relationship equation for M. leidyi was determined to be W = 0.7905L1.6406.

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Marchessaux, Guillaume, Bruno Belloni, Justine Gadreaud, and Delphine Thibault. "Predation assessment of the invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi in a French Mediterranean lagoon." Journal of Plankton Research 43, no. 2 (February 4, 2021): 161–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbab002.

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Abstract Since 2000, the invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi has been recorded in Mediterranean brackish lagoons. Quantitative data on its feeding behavior (i.e. potential ecological impact) in these particular environments are non-existent. In this study, we describe in situ predation dynamics of M. leidyi in the Berre Lagoon (south-eastern France) over a 22-month survey. Ctenophores were fixed in a solution of formalin in brackish water, allowing the study of the prey items in the gastric cavities at different time scales. The number of prey items ingested is influenced by the ctenophore biovolume, from 8 (0.5 mL) to 1 207 prey ind−1 (35 mL), and by temperature of 3.4°C (2 ± 2 prey ind−1) to 23.2°C (517 ± 295 prey ind−1). Gut evacuation time is strongly related to temperature and ranged from 80 (25°C) to 160 min (9°C). Mnemiopsis leidyi diet changed seasonally following in situ concentrations of prey. The less mobile preys such as mollusks and barnacles were the most impacted. The ctenophore predation pressure on the zooplankton assemblage could lead at time to a release of grazing pressure on phytoplankton and favor the eutrophication of the lagoon.

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Edgar, Allison, Dorothy G. Mitchell, and Mark Q. Martindale. "Whole-Body Regeneration in the Lobate Ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi." Genes 12, no. 6 (June 5, 2021): 867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12060867.

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Ctenophores (a.k.a. comb jellies) are one of the earliest branching extant metazoan phyla. Adult regenerative ability varies greatly within the group, with platyctenes undergoing both sexual and asexual reproduction by fission while others in the genus Beroe having completely lost the ability to replace missing body parts. We focus on the unique regenerative aspects of the lobate ctenophore, Mnemiopsis leidyi, which has become a popular model for its rapid wound healing and tissue replacement, optical clarity, and sequenced genome. M. leidyi’s highly mosaic, stereotyped development has been leveraged to reveal the polar coordinate system that directs whole-body regeneration as well as lineage restriction of replacement cells in various regenerating organs. Several cell signaling pathways known to function in regeneration in other animals are absent from the ctenophore’s genome. Further research will either reveal ancient principles of the regenerative process common to all animals or reveal novel solutions to the stability of cell fates and whole-body regeneration.

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BUDIŠA, ANDREA, PAOLO PALIAGA, TEA JURETIĆ, DAVOR LUČIĆ, NASTJENJKA SUPIĆ, ZORAN PASARIĆ, TAMARA DJAKOVAC, MARIJA MLADINIĆ, VLADO DADIĆ, and VJEKOSLAV TIČINA. "Distribution, diet and relationships of the invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi with anchovies and zooplankton, in the northeastern Adriatic Sea." Mediterranean Marine Science 22, no. 4 (December 27, 2021): 827. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.23305.

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Blooms of invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi can have massive consequences on fish stocks and marine food webs. The distribution, abundance and diet of this ctenophore were investigated in the northeastern (NE) Adriatic between 2016 and 2019. The abundance of M. leidyi was determined daily along the coast of Rovinj (Croatia), and its spatial distribution monitored by visual census from research vessels and by pelagic trawl during acoustic surveys in September of each year. Mesozooplankton samples were collected along the western coast of Istria by vertical tows from the bottom to the surface. Spatial distribution and abundance of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) assemblages were determined by geo-referenced hydro-acoustic sampling using a scientific echosounder. Large swarms of M. leidyi covering several km2 were regularly reported between July and November extending up to 25 NM from the western coast of the Istrian peninsula and reaching maximum offshore densities of 270 individuals per m2. The abundance of anchovy in the areas where M. leidyi was present evidently decreased. The content of M. leidyi’s digestive tract and plankton samples consisted both mainly of cladocerans, copepods, pteropods, echinodermata and bivalvia larvae. Results indicate that M. leidyi may accumulate and increase its abundance in the stagnant and trophically rich areas of the northern Adriatic gyres, spreading to the surrounding larger areas with currents. We assume that M. leidyi presence correlates with a decrease in anchovy population due to competition for food (zooplankton). Our findings support the importance of implementing an international monitoring program throughout the Adriatic Sea and demonstrate the ability of current MEDIAS surveys to detect changes in the pelagic ecosystem throughout surveyed areas.

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Puzakov, M. V., and L. V. Puzakova. "leidyi Is a New Group of DD41D Transposons in Mnemiopsis leidyi Genome." Russian Journal of Genetics 55, no. 7 (July 2019): 825–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1022795419070123.

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Bumann, D., and G. Puls. "Infestation with larvae of the sea anemone Edwardsia lineata affects nutrition and growth of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi." Parasitology 113, no. 2 (August 1996): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000066361.

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SUMMARYThe lobate ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi is a periodically abundant and voracious plankton predator in coastal waters along the east coast of the United States. In the 1980s it was accidentally introduced to the Black Sea where it caused a dramatic reduction in fisheries. We investigated how M. leidyi is affected by infestation with parasitic larvae of the sea anemone Edwardsia lineata. Infested M. leidyi contained 1–30 (median 7) E. lineata larvae. Within M. leidyi most larvae had their mouth in the gastrovascular system near the aboral end of the pharynx. Parasitic E. lineata ingested all food previously ingested and pre-digested by M. leidyi. Non-infested M. leidyi had higher growth rates than infested individuals, which had zero or negative growth rates. Egg production was similar for infested and non-infested M. leidyi of similar size. Simulation based on the empirical data suggests that growing, non-infested, M. leidyi are expected to have a larger life-time egg production than infested shrinking individuals. E. lineata could be at least partially responsible for the sharp decline of M. leidyi populations in fall in US coastal waters. Advantages and disadvantages of E. lineata as a potential candidate for the control of the artificially introduced M. leidyi population in the Black Sea are discussed.

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Hernandez, Alexandra M., and Joseph F. Ryan. "Horizontally transferred genes in the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi." PeerJ 6 (June 15, 2018): e5067. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5067.

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Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) has had major impacts on the biology of a wide range of organisms from antibiotic resistance in bacteria to adaptations to herbivory in arthropods. A growing body of literature shows that HGT between non-animals and animals is more commonplace than previously thought. In this study, we present a thorough investigation of HGT in the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi. We applied tests of phylogenetic incongruence to identify nine genes that were likely transferred horizontally early in ctenophore evolution from bacteria and non-metazoan eukaryotes. All but one of these HGTs (an uncharacterized protein) are homologous to characterized enzymes, supporting previous observations that genes encoding enzymes are more likely to be retained after HGT events. We found that the majority of these nine horizontally transferred genes were expressed during development, suggesting that they are active and play a role in the biology of M. leidyi. This is the first report of HGT in ctenophores, and contributes to an ever-growing literature on the prevalence of genetic information flowing between non-animals and animals.

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Vladymyrov, Volodymyr, Ahmet Kideys, Volodymyr Myroshnychenko, Denis Slipetsky, Tamara Shiganova, Galina Abolmasova, Ferit Bingel, et al. "A basin-wide Black Sea Mnemiopsis leidyi database." Aquatic Invasions 6, no. 1 (March 2011): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3391/ai.2011.6.1.15.

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Haraldsson, Matilda, Ulf Båmstedt, Peter Tiselius, Josefin Titelman, and Dag L. Aksnes. "Evidence of Diel Vertical Migration in Mnemiopsis leidyi." PLoS ONE 9, no. 1 (January 22, 2014): e86595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086595.

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Henry, Jonathan Q., and Mark Q. Martindale. "Regulation and Regeneration in the Ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi." Developmental Biology 227, no. 2 (November 2000): 720–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/dbio.2000.9903.

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Sergeeva, E., M. Fadeeva, I. Khavronyuk, A. Mamontov, A. Ershov, and A. Kuznetsov. "OPSINS OF THE CTENOPHORE MNEMIOPSIS LEIDYI AND A NETWORK OF PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS." Russian Journal of Biological Physics and Chemisrty 7, no. 2 (November 15, 2022): 222–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/rusjbpc.2022.0506.

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Ctenophora are ancient and separate branch of evolutionary tree of the organic world development. They inhabit mostly epipelagic seas and demonstrate amazing mechanisms of adaptation to the environment. It is now possible with the potential technique of DNA sequencing to study biological objects not only experimentally but also theoretically. We studied opsins of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi A. Agassiz 1865 using bioinformatics methods. Additional annotation of opsins 1, 2, and 3, AFK83788.1, AFK83789.1, and AFK83790.1, respectively, was performed. Their 3D models were constructed and the localization of retinal within the protein molecules was determined. The protein environment of opsins was studied, and the first- and second-level protein neighbors were characterized. The structure of the protein-protein interaction network was shown to resemble a perceptron and, therefore, to perform the function of recognizing the patterns of the signals coming from outside. The multitasking of signaling pathways from endocytosis to Wnt signaling has been revealed, indicating the involvement of Ctenophora opsins in a wide range of genetic and physiological processes.

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Traylor-Knowles, Nikki, Lauren E. Vandepas, and William E. Browne. "Still Enigmatic: Innate Immunity in the Ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi." Integrative and Comparative Biology 59, no. 4 (August 7, 2019): 811–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icz116.

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Abstract Innate immunity is an ancient physiological response critical for protecting metazoans from invading pathogens. It is the primary pathogen defense mechanism among invertebrates. While innate immunity has been studied extensively in diverse invertebrate taxa, including mollusks, crustaceans, and cnidarians, this system has not been well characterized in ctenophores. The ctenophores comprise an exclusively marine, non-bilaterian lineage that diverged early during metazoan diversification. The phylogenetic position of ctenophore lineage suggests that characterization of the ctenophore innate immune system will reveal important features associated with the early evolution of the metazoan innate immune system. Here, we review current understanding of the ctenophore immune repertoire and identify innate immunity genes recovered from three ctenophore species. We also isolate and characterize Mnemiopsis leidyi cells that display macrophage-like behavior when challenged with bacteria. Our results indicate that ctenophores possess cells capable of phagocytosing microbes and that two distantly related ctenophores, M. leidyi and Hormiphora californiensis, possess many candidate innate immunity proteins.

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Anninsky, B. E., G. A. Finenko, G. I. Abolmasova, E. S. Hubareva, L. S. Svetlichny, L. Bat, and A. E. Kideys. "Effect of starvation on the biochemical compositions and respiration rates of ctenophores Mnemiopsis leidyi and Beroe ovata in the Black Sea." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 85, no. 3 (June 2005): 549–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315405011471.

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The proximate biochemical composition and metabolic rates of ctenophores Mnemiopsis leidyi and Beroe ovata from the Black Sea were examined with respect to starvation conditions. Although organic matter content in B. ovata was two times higher than that of M. leidyi (2.51 ±0.53 and 1.14 ±0.17 mg g-1 of wet weight, respectively), these species did not significantly differ in their biochemical composition. In both species protein formed about 80% of the total organic matter, lipids amounted to about 10%. Carbohydrate and amino acids measured separately made up less than 6.5% of the total organic matter. Under experimental starvation (18 days at 16—18°C for B. ovata and 8 days at 12.4°C for M. leidyi), wet weights of both ctenophore species were reduced by 9.4% and 9.3% d-1, respectively. The rate of organic matter decrease was nearly two times lower than that of wet weight being on average 5.9% d-1 in M. leidyi and 5.5% d-1 in B. ovata. There was no trend in percentage of the four major biochemical categories with starvation time. The glycogen content in polysaccharides reached maximum values in freshly collected ctenophores (76.0 ±7.9% in B. ovata, and 86.6% in M. leidyi), but it was reduced substantially (34.4 ±2.7% in B. ovata and 18.3—28.8% in M. leidyi) with starvation. Monosaccharide content, expressed as a percentage of total carbohydrate, decreased from 39.9% to 13.5% in B. ovata, and from 45.8% to 14.3—23.2% in M. leidyi. The relationship between respiration rate (R) and wet weight (W) of individuals during the starvation can be expressed by power function R = R1 Wk (r2=0.85—0.94; P>0.001) for both ctenophore species. On average, k values were 0.95 and 0.83 in B. ovata and in M. leidyi, respectively. By the end of the starvation, metabolic rate per unit wet weight decreased by 33% in B. ovata and 46% in M. leidyi. Organic matter utilization was almost totally explained by respiration of ctenophores in the experiments and exceeded metabolic requirements of studied species by 11% and 15%, correspondingly. As compared with Mnemiopsis, Beroe has better tolerance to starvation which explains to some extent the success of the species survival during prolonged periods of food shortage in the Black Sea conditions.

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Patry, Wyatt L., MacKenzie Bubel, Cypress Hansen, and Thomas Knowles. "Diffusion tubes: a method for the mass culture of ctenophores and other pelagic marine invertebrates." PeerJ 8 (April 7, 2020): e8938. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8938.

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The culture of pelagic marine invertebrates, especially the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi, has been demonstrated in past studies dating back to the 1960s; however, the mass culture of delicate pelagic invertebrates has remained elusive. By using a pair of acrylic tubes and enabling water diffusion between them, we have been able to reliably and cost effectively mass culture several genera of ctenophores (Pleurobrachia, Hormiphora, Bolinopsis, Mnemiopsis and Leucothea), one species of siphonophore (Nanomia) and one species of larvacean (Oikopleura). The simple, compact method is effective enough to support two permanent exhibits of ctenophores at the Monterey Bay Aquarium while minimizing live food culture requirements with the potential to support further investigation of pelagic marine invertebrate ontogeny, ecology and genomics.

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Tirelli, Valentina, Alenka Goruppi, Rodolfo Riccamboni, and Milena Tempesta. "Citizens’ Eyes on Mnemiopsis: How to Multiply Sightings with a Click!" Diversity 13, no. 6 (May 22, 2021): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13060224.

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Monitoring the spreading of marine invasive species represents one of the most relevant challenges for marine scientists in order to understand their impact on the environment. In recent years, citizen science is becoming more and more involved in research programs, especially taking advantage of new digital technologies. Here, we present the results obtained in the first 20 months (from 12 July 2019 to 8 March 2021) since launching avvistAPP. This new app was conceived to track the spreading of the invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi in the Adriatic Sea; it was also designed to collect sightings of 18 additional marine taxa (ctenophores, jellyfish, sea turtles, dolphins, salps and noble pen shell). A total of 1224 sightings were recorded, of which 530 referred to Mnemiopsis, followed by the scyphozoan jellyfish Rhizostoma pulmo (22%), Cotylorhiza tuberculata (11%) and Aurelia spp. (8%). avvistAPP produced data confirming the presence of Mnemiopsis (often in abundances > 20 individuals m−2) along almost the entire Italian coast in the summer of 2019 and 2020.

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Lowe, B. "The role of Ca2+ in deflection-induced excitation of motile, mechanoresponsive balancer cilia in the ctenophore statocyst." Journal of Experimental Biology 200, no. 11 (June 1, 1997): 1593–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.200.11.1593.

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Motile, mechanoresponsive cilia (balancers) in ctenophore statocysts, like vertebrate hair cells, are excited or inhibited depending upon the direction in which they are deflected. Balancers, however, may become either excited (beat rapidly) or inhibited (beat slowly) by deflection in the same direction, depending on the sign of ctenophore geotaxis (positive or negative). The beat frequency of many cilia is controlled by concentrations of Ca2+, membrane potential and neural input. How these factors affect deflection-induced ciliary beating in balancers was investigated. Deflection-induced excitation of balancers in whole Mnemiopsis leidyi larvae and dissected adult (Mnemiopsis leidyi, Pleurobrachia pileus) statocysts was reversibly inhibited by the Ca2+ channel inhibitors Co2+, Mg2+, Ni2+, and Mn2+. Deflection-induced excitation in balancers of isolated adult M. leidyi balancer groups was also inhibited by Co2+ or by Ca(2+)-free medium. Isolated balancer group cilia, like balancer cilia of intact ctenophores, exhibited responses to either sign of geotaxis and graded responses to deflection. Isolated balancers that were chemically depolarized in high-[K+], Ca(2+)-free medium were excited by local application of Ca2+ onto the ciliary bases, but not onto the cell bases or the ciliary tips. It is proposed that deflection-induced excitation of balancers is due to influx of Ca2+ through stretch- and voltage-activated channel activity. The sign of geotaxis of whole larvae and dissected adult statocysts was switched by electrical stimulation. Thus, neural input may participate in reversing the directional sensitivity of balancer cells.

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Louppova, N. "Seasonal Variations in the Dynamics of the Number and Biomass of the Black Sea Macrozooplankton Populations." Bulletin of Science and Practice 7, no. 12 (December 15, 2021): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/73/04.

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The abundance and biomass dynamics of the jellyfish Aurelia aurita and ctenophores-invadors Mnemiopsis leidyi and Beroe ovata in 2019 on the northeastern shelf of the Black Sea were studied. Data on the maxima of reproduction of each species of gelatinous macrozooplankton were obtained, as well as conclusions on the dynamics of individuals growth in populations and average life expectancy were drawn.

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Polunina, Ju Ju, A. A. Kondrashov, and J. V. Utkina. "DISTRIBUTION OF INVADER MNEMIOPSIS LEIDYI (CTENOPHORA) IN EARLY STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT IN THE SOUTH-EASTERN BALTIC SEA IN AUTUMN 2021." Russian Journal of Biological Invasions 16, no. 1 (March 3, 2023): 130–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.35885/1996-1499-16-1-130-138.

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The embryos within the egg envelope (eggs) and cydippid stage larvae of alien species of ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi were recorded in the South-Eastern Baltic Sea (within the economic zone of the Russian Federation) in the autumn of 2021. The adults of Mnemiopsis leidyi were not found. The data on the occurrence and distribution of ctenophore in the early stages of development in the SEB were given. The ctenophore eggs were recorded in the open part of the SEB at the stations with the depths of 65-115 m in the intermediate layer and below the upper boundary of the halocline. A large number of eggs (51-57 ind./m3) were observed on the north-eastern slope of the Gdansk Deep. The area of occurrence of ctenophore eggs in 2021 increased compared to the data of 2010-2015. The significant correlation between the eggs abundance and the water salinity and temperature was not revealed. Using the NEMO 4.0 numerical model, the path of advective water penetration into the study area from the western basins of the Baltic Sea, which probably introduced the ctenophore eggs, was traced.

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Tendal, Ole Secher, Kathe Jensen, and Hans Ulrik Riisgård. "Invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi widely distributed in Danish waters." Aquatic Invasions 2, no. 4 (December 2007): 455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3391/ai.2007.2.4.19.

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Malej, A., V. Tirelli, D. Lučić, P. Paliaga, M. Vodopivec, A. Goruppi, S. Ancona, et al. "Mnemiopsis leidyi in the northern Adriatic: here to stay?" Journal of Sea Research 124 (June 2017): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2017.04.010.

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Tamm, Sidney L. "Formation of the Statolith in the Ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi." Biological Bulletin 227, no. 1 (August 2014): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/bblv227n1p7.

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Bolte, Sören, Olivia Roth, Eva E. R. Philipp, Julia Saphörster, Philip Rosenstiel, and Thorsten B. H. Reusch. "Specific immune priming in the invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi." Biology Letters 9, no. 6 (December 23, 2013): 20130864. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2013.0864.

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Specific immune priming enables an induced immune response upon repeated pathogen encounter. As a functional analogue to vertebrate immune memory, such adaptive plasticity has been described, for instance, in insects and crustaceans. However, towards the base of the metazoan tree our knowledge about the existence of specific immune priming becomes scattered. Here, we exposed the invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi repeatedly to two different bacterial epitopes (Gram-positive or -negative) and measured gene expression. Ctenophores experienced either the same bacterial epitope twice (homologous treatments) or different bacterial epitopes (heterologous treatments). Our results demonstrate that immune gene expression depends on earlier bacterial exposure. We detected significantly different expression upon heterologous compared with homologous bacterial treatment at three immune activator and effector genes. This is the first experimental evidence for specific immune priming in Ctenophora and generally in non-bilaterian animals, hereby adding to our growing notion of plasticity in innate immune systems across all animal phyla.

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Slesinger, Emily, Joseph A. Langan, Barbara K. Sullivan, David G. Borkman, and Theodore J. Smayda. "Multi-decadal (1972–2019) Mnemiopsis leidyi (Ctenophora) abundance patterns in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, USA." Journal of Plankton Research 42, no. 5 (August 14, 2020): 539–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbaa035.

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Abstract The influence of a warming climate on patterns of abundance and seasonality of the lobate ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi is of interest worldwide, especially in regions where the species occurs at or near the limits of its thermal niche or is shifting its spatial distribution poleward. A 47-year (1972–2019) time series of weekly observations of M. leidyi abundance in Narragansett Bay, the northern limit of its distribution in the Northwest Atlantic, was analyzed to identify links between abundance and environmental factors such as temperature. During this entire period, the species exhibited a striking degree of interannual variability with a gradual decline during the most recent years. Temperature influenced ctenophore abundance, with warmer winter and spring temperatures supporting higher abundances and longer bloom durations. Two blooms were typically observed each year, and both the summer and autumn bloom shifted earlier over time. Chlorophyll was an important factor in the abundance and bloom dynamics of reproductive stage ctenophores, where high levels of summer chlorophyll indicated lower autumn ctenophore abundance, suggesting top-down effects by M. leidyi. These results suggest that multiple factors affect M. leidyi abundance and phenology but that ctenophores in both native and introduced ranges may benefit from continued ocean warming.

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OLIVEIRA, OTTO M. P., and ALVARO E. MIGOTTO. "Pelagic ctenophores from the São Sebastião Channel, southeastern Brazil." Zootaxa 1183, no. 1 (April 24, 2006): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1183.1.1.

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The ctenophore fauna of Brazilian coast is poorly known. Only one planktonic species, Mnemiopsis leidyi, was previously recorded for the southeastern coast. The present study describes and gives some biological notes of this and four other species (Beroe ovata, Bolinopsis vitrea, Leucothea multicornis, and Ocyropsis crystallina) that occur in the area, two of which (B. vitrea and L. multicornis) are new records for the subtropical southwestern Atlantic.

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Sasson, Daniel A., and Joseph F. Ryan. "The sex lives of ctenophores: the influence of light, body size, and self-fertilization on the reproductive output of the sea walnut,Mnemiopsis leidyi." PeerJ 4 (March 24, 2016): e1846. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1846.

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Ctenophores (comb jellies) are emerging as important animals for investigating fundamental questions across numerous branches of biology (e.g., evodevo, neuroscience and biogeography). A few ctenophore species including, most notably,Mnemiopsis leidyi, are considered as invasive species, adding to the significance of studying ctenophore ecology. Despite the growing interest in ctenophore biology, relatively little is known about their reproduction. Like most ctenophores,M. leidyiis a simultaneous hermaphrodite capable of self-fertilization. In this study, we assess the influence of light on spawning, the effect of body size on spawning likelihood and reproductive output, and the cost of self-fertilization on egg viability inM. leidyi. Our results suggest thatM. leidyispawning is more strongly influenced by circadian rhythms than specific light cues and that body size significantly impacts spawning and reproductive output.Mnemiopsis leidyiadults that spawned alone produced a lower percentage of viable embryos versus those that spawned in pairs, suggesting that self-fertilization may be costly in this species. These results provide insight into the reproductive ecology ofM. leidyiand provide a fundamental resource for researchers working with them in the laboratory.

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Mashukova, O. V., and Yu N. Tokarev. "Variability of Mnemiopsis leidyi A. Agassiz (Ctenophora: Lobata) bioluminescence in relation to regeneration." Marine Biological Journal 1, no. 1 (March 9, 2016): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2016.01.1.04.

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Our previous works have been shown the light-emission of Mnemiopsis leidyi A. Agassiz, 1865 and Beroe ovata Mayer, 1912 is species-specific and variability of bioluminescence parameters (amplitude, energy and also light-emission duration) depending on temperature, food supply and other factors. Revealing of M. leidyi light-emission variability during their regeneration after impactof predaceous organism B. ovata was the aim of our investigations. Definition of ctenophores bioluminescence characteristics was carry out on the laboratory complex “Light”. The ctenophore bioluminescence was investigated by method of mechanical and chemical stimulation. The ctenophores, which were seriously injured but preserved their statocyst intact, went on actively moving but the characteristics of their light-emission lessened to minimal – 17.08·108 quantum·s−1·cm−2 and 1.37 s under chemical stimulation, and 14.85·108 quantum·s−1·cm−2 and 1.25 s under the mechanical impact, respectively. Having completed regeneration and restored the body weight to the initial, the ctenophores maximally increased light emission – to (332.33 ± 16.61·108) quantum·s−1·cm−2 under the chemical stimulation and to (219.45 ± 10.97·108) quantum·s−1·cm−2 under the mechanical excitation. Assumptions of the factors having an impact on M. leidyi regeneration intensity and their luminescence variability of throughout this process are made. Consequently, the possibility of bioluminescence applying for species ecology specification is shown.

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Vostokov, S. V., A. A. Gadzhiev, E. N. Lobachev, A. S. Vostokova, N. I. Rabazanov, R. M. Barkhalov, Ph V. Sapojnikov, B. Abtahi, and M. G. Shojaei. "Development and interaction of ctenophores Beroe ovate Bruguière, 1789 and Mnemiopsis leidyi A. Agassiz, 1865 in the coastal zone of the Middle Caspian Sea." South of Russia: ecology, development 17, no. 4 (December 28, 2022): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2022-4-8-15.

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Aim. Analysis of the distribution and status of ctenophores Вeroe ovata and Mnemiopsis leidyi, and assessment of the parameters of their interaction in the Middle Caspian Sea.Material and Methods. The material was obtained in the western and eastern parts of the Middle Caspian Sea in September–October 2022. Large ctenophores were collected using a big cone plankton net with a 0.5 m2 opening and a 500 μm, mesh size. The number and size of large ctenophores were determined immediately after collection, larvae and eggs were counted in samples fixed with formalin to a final concentration of 4%. Zooplankton samples were collected by the Juday plankton net (0.1 m2 opening, 180 μm mesh size).Results. In September‐October 2022, a developed population of Вeroe ovata with active reproduction was recorded in the waters of the Middle Caspian Sea. The habitat area of B. ovata has significantly expanded to the north compared to 2021. Complete suppression of the Mnemiopsis population by the Beroe was observed on most of the western and eastern shelf, as well. The total number of Beroe reached 48 ind/m2, biomass – 12 g/m2. Single large individuals were found in the north of the Middle Caspian Sea at salinity 5.7 psu. The structure of mesozooplankton was still dominated by the small copepod Acartia tonsa.Conclusion. New data indicate the active development of the Вeroe ovata in the Caspian Sea, which presents a fundamental challenge for the restoration of the Caspian ecosystem. The progressive adaptation of Beroe to the conditions of the Caspian Sea has led to its expansion to the north of the Middle Caspian Sea in areas with low salinity. A complete suppression of the M. Leidyi population by the new alien noted on most of the shelf indicates an increase in its pressure on the Mnemiopsis population compared to the corresponding period of 2021.

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Mashukova, Olga, Olga Danilova, and Lidia Melnik. "Variability of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi A.Agassiz (Ctenophora: Lobata) bioluminescence while regeneration." Ecologica Montenegrina 37 (November 17, 2020): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2020.37.3.

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The purpose of the current studies is identification of the bioluminescence variability of the ctenophores Mnemiopsis leidyi in the process of regeneration. It has been stated that the ctenophores M. leidyi being seriously injured with preserved statocyst still actively move but the amplitude and duration of their bioluminescence lessen to their minimums that is 17.08 quantum·s-1·cm-2 and 1.37 s respectively under chemical stimulation and 14.85·108 quantum·s-1·cm-2 and 1.25 s respectively under the mechanical impact. Having completed regeneration and restored the body weight up to the initial value, the ctenophores increased their light emission up to the maximum levels corresponding to 332.33 ± 16.61∙108 quantum·s-1·cm-2 under the chemical stimulation and to 219.45 ± 10.97∙108 quantum·s-1·cm-2 under the mechanical impact respectively. Several assumptions identifying the factors influencing the regeneration rate of the ctenophores M. leidyi and their bioluminescence variability range during their regeneration have been made. The possibility of applying bioluminescence for detecting ecological features associated with particular species is demonstrated.

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Abolmasova, G. I. "Nitrogen Excretion Rate in the Sea Walnut Mnemiopsis leidyi Agassiz." Hydrobiological Journal 41, no. 3 (2005): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/hydrobj.v41.i3.120.

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Purcell, JE, and JH Cowan. "Predation by the scyphomedusan Chrysaora quinquecirrha on Mnemiopsis leidyi ctenophores." Marine Ecology Progress Series 129 (1995): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps129063.

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Минкина, Н. И. "Пространственная вариабельность энергетического обмена черноморского гребневика Mnemiopsis leidyi Agassiz, 1865." Труды Карадагской научной станции им. Т.И. Вяземского - природного заповедника РАН, no. 2 (14) (April 21, 2021): 14–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21072/eco.2021.14.02.

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Разработан метод мониторинга «благополучия» пелагиали на основании оценки пространственной вариабельности уровня энергетического обмена массовых видов зоопланктона. Метод предполагает исключение составляющих разброса измеряемых величин интенсивности дыхания, связанных с его суточным ритмом и условиями эксперимента. Влияние гетерогенности среды описывается оставшейся компонентой изменчивости интенсивности дыхания данного вида. На основе выполненных экспериментов c использованием этого метода получены векторные поля отклонений уровня энергетического обмена у гребневика-вселенца M. leidyi. от статистической «нормы», рассчитанной для северной половины Черного моря. Выявлены основные факторы, определяющие характер и уровень физиологического «отклика» молоди и половозрелых особей этого гребневика на комплекс изменений, происходящих в среде и в ходе сезонной сукцессии планктона. Таковыми являются кормовые условия, орографический фактор и активность процесса размножения популяции. Выявляемая пространственная изменчивость вектора и уровня энергетического обмена у отдельных групп зоопланктона (например, копепод, личинок моллюсков и рыб и т.п.) может служить показателем уровня ингибирующего влияния на них негативных факторов среды, в том числе загрязнения. Метод может быть также полезен для оконтуривания границ воздействия поллютантов на гидробионтов.

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Haslob, H., C. Clemmesen, M. Schaber, H. Hinrichsen, JO Schmidt, R. Voss, G. Kraus, and FW Köster. "Invading Mnemiopsis leidyi as a potential threat to Baltic fish." Marine Ecology Progress Series 349 (November 8, 2007): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps07283.

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Yousefian, Mehdi, and Ahmet Erkan Kideys. "Biochemical composition of Mnemiopsis leidyi in the southern Caspian Sea." Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 29, no. 2 (2003): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:fish.0000035921.70639.fb.

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Sullivan, L. J. "Gut evacuation of larval Mnemiopsis leidyi A. Agassiz (Ctenophora, Lobata)." Journal of Plankton Research 32, no. 1 (October 28, 2009): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbp100.

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Martindale, M. Q., and J. J. Henry. "Experimental Analysis of Tentacle Formation in the Ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi." Biological Bulletin 193, no. 2 (October 1997): 245–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/bblv193n2p245.

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Haraldsson, Matilda, Cornelia Jaspers, Peter Tiselius, Dag L. Aksnes, Tom Andersen, and Josefin Titelman. "Environmental constraints of the invasive Mnemiopsis leidyi in Scandinavian waters." Limnology and Oceanography 58, no. 1 (November 25, 2012): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2013.58.1.0037.

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Pang, Kevin, and Mark Q. Martindale. "Developmental expression of homeobox genes in the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi." Development Genes and Evolution 218, no. 6 (May 27, 2008): 307–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00427-008-0222-3.

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OSMANOV, Magomed Magomedovich, Frangiz Shamilievna AMAEVA, Magomed Abdulaevich GURUEV, Murad Mukhtarovich ALIGADZHIEV, and Ayshat Abdulmajidovna ABDURAKHMANOVA. "MODERN CONDITION AND PECULIARITIES OF DISTRIBUTION OF THE ZOOPLANKTON OF THE COASTAL AQUATORIA OF THE MANAS-OZEN OF THE CASPIAN SEA." Herald of Daghestan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Science, no. 72 (March 30, 2019): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31029/vestdnc72/1.

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The article presents the research data on the biological diversity and dynamics of the zooplankton complexes structure of the Manas-ozen of the Daghestan coastal water area of the Caspian Sea in modern conditions. It is noted that the formation of the zooplankton complex of the studied area is seasonal. The positive role of Acartia tonsa Dana in maintaining the biological productivity of the studied area under the conditions of Mnemiopsis leidyi A. Agassiz introduction is also noticed.

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Jafarian, Vahab, Reyhaneh Sariri, Saman Hosseinkhani, Mahmoud-Reza Aghamaali, Reza Hassan Sajedi, Majid Taghdir, and Sadegh Hassannia. "A unique EF-hand motif in mnemiopsin photoprotein from Mnemiopsis leidyi: Implication for its low calcium sensitivity." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 413, no. 2 (September 2011): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.08.022.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Mnemiopsis leidyi'

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