Journal articles on the topic 'MnO et CoO'

Minerals able to colour in blue (and green in combination with yellow pigments) are limited in number and geologically. After presenting a short history of the use of cobalt as a colouring agent of glass, glaze and enamel in the Western/Mediterranean, Islamic and Asian worlds since Antiquity, we will present the different forms (dissolved ions, natural and synthetic crystalline phases/pigments) of cobalt and associated elements regarding primary (transition metals) and secondary geological deposits (transition metals and/or arsenic, bismuth, silver). Attempts to identify the origin of cobalt have been made by many authors considering the associated elements but without considering the important modifications due to different processing of the raw materials (extraction/purification/formulation). We review the information available in the ancient reports and present literature on the use of cobalt, its extraction and production from the ores, the different geological sources and their relationship with associated elements (transition metals, bismuth, arsenic, and silver) and with technological/aesthetic requirements. (Partial) substitution of cobalt with lapis lazuli is also addressed. The relative application of non-invasive mobile Raman and pXRF analytical instruments, to detect mineral phases and elements associated with/replacing cobalt is addressed, with emphasis on Mamluk, Ottoman, Chinese, Vietnamese and Japanese productions. The efficiency of Ni-Zn-As diagram proposed by Gratuze et al. as a classification tool is confirmed but additionally, CoO-Fe2O3−MnO and CoO-NiO-Cr2O3 diagrams are also found as very efficient tools in this research. The relationship between the compositional data obtained from the artefacts and historical questions on the origin and date of their production are discussed in order to obtain a global historical view. The need of a better knowledge of (ancient) deposits of cobalt ores and the evolution of cobalt ore processing with time and place is obvious.

The Elder deposit is located on the southeast border of the Flavrian Batholith, which intrudes the Blake River Group of archean volcanic rocks. The ore zone is composed of veins 1, 3, 5, and 4. The first three veins are a series of brecciated quartz veins having mean strike and dip of N72°E and 28°SE. Least important is vein 4, striking N20°W and dipping 28°NE. A reverse fault and a mafic dike are associated with the main vein 1, which occurs within trondhjemite in contact with hybrid rocks. The mafic dike represents an important metallotect. The ore zone is marked by abundant carbonates and pyrite, is slightly enriched in hematite and rutile, and is lightly depleted in sericite and chlorite. The mineralogical variation depends on CaO, MgO, CO2, S, TiO2, Fe2O3, MnO, and P2O5 enrichments and SiO2, Na2O, Al2O3, and H2Odepletions. A gold-bearing halo 8 m wide surrounds the ore zone. Seventy-nine per cent of the gold grains are associated with pyrite; otherwise gold occurs mostly as inclusions in the plagioclase matrix. Gold enrichment and rare-earth-element (REE) losses in the ore zone are similar to those observed in other Abitibi gold mines. In veins 1, 3, and 5, divergences in Ag and As enrichments, gold content, and REE concentrations suggest different ore-forming solutions.[Journal Translation]

Correction for ‘Ni nanoparticle-decorated-MnO₂ nanodendrites as highly selective and efficient catalysts for CO₂ electroreduction’ by Xu-Jun He et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2018, 6, 19438–19444.

Synchrotron-based photoemission spectroscopy (C 1s and O 1s regions) as well as C K-edge NEXAFS spectroscopy have been used to investigate the formation of carbonate species on the surface of MgO(100) after exposure to CO 2 at pressures ranging from 0.8 to 260 Torr. These results are tentatively compared with a two-stage model for the reaction of H 2 O on MgO(100) [Liu et al., Surf. Sci.412/413, 287 (1998)]. At p( CO 2) values below a threshold pressure (predicted to be in the range of 10-9–10-6 Torr), the reaction of CO 2 with MgO(100) is fairly limited and CO 2 is assumed to react with defect sites only. At pressures ≥ 0.8 Torr, CO 2 reacts with terrace sites, resulting in extensive formation of [Formula: see text] groups on the MgO(100) surface. However, carbonate formed at "high" pressures ( P CO 2 ≥ 0.8 Torr) begins to desorb at the low pressure of the analysis chamber (10-11 Torr), which is consistent with equilibrium thermodynamic predictions of the "threshold" pressure for the reaction MgO + CO 2= MgCO 3. Results from polarization-dependent C K-edge NEXAFS spectroscopy suggest that the carbonate molecules formed on the surface are structurally disordered. The chemical nature of adventitious carbon formed on the MgO(100) surface was also invesgtigated, and is clearly different from [Formula: see text].

Correction for ‘Flower-like AgNPs@m-MgO as an excellent catalyst for CO₂ fixation and acylation reactions under ambient conditions’ by Arpita Hazra Chowdhury et al., New J. Chem., 2018, 42, 14194–14202, DOI: 10.1039/C8NJ02286K.

AbstractMagnesio-ferri-fluoro-hornblende has the ideal formula A□B Ca2C(Mg4Fe3+)T(Si7Al)O22WF2(Hawthorne et al., 2012). The holotype sample described in this work occurs as prismatic crystals in vugs of volcanic rocks (Seruci ignimbrites), found along the coast road ∼5.5 km northeast of Portoscuso, Cagliari, Sardinia; associated minerals are tridymite, todorokite, magnetite, and hematite. The name and the mineral were approved by the IMA CNMNC (2014-091). Holotype magnesio-ferri-fluoro-hornblende is monoclinic, space group C2/m, a = 9.839(5), b = 18.078(9), c = 5.319(3) Å, β = 104.99(3)°, V = 913.9(9) Å3, Z = 2. The density calculated from the empirical formula is 3.315 g cm–3. In plane-polarized light, magnesio-ferri-fluoro-hornblende is pleochroic, X = pale grey (least), Y = dark grey (most), Z = pale brownish grey (intermediate); X^a= 47.6° (β obtuse), Y // b, Z^c= 33.4° (β acute). It is biaxial negative, α = 1.669, β = 1.676, γ = 1.678, all ±0.002; 2Vobs= 74(1)°, 2Vcalc= 56°. The strongest eight lines in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern are [d in Å (I)(hkl)]: 2.711 (100)(151), 8.412 (89)(110), 3.121 (64)(310), 2.553 (61)(2̄02), 3.389 (55)(131), 2.599 (45)(061), 2.164 (36)(261), and 2.738 (34)(3̄31). Electron-microprobe analysis of the refined crystal gave SiO245.34, Al2O36.18, TiO21.22, FeO 15.24, Fe2O36.27, MgO 9.71, MnO 0.78, ZnO 0.06, CaO 10.18, Na2O 1.35, K2O 1.15, F 3.22, Cl 0.30, H2Ocalc 0.37, sum 99.95 wt.%. The empirical formula unit, calculated on the basis of 24 (O, OH, F, Cl) apfu with (OH + F + Cl) = 2 apfu is: (Na0.15K0.22)∑0.37(Na0.25Ca1.66Mn0.09)∑2.00(Mg2.20Fe2+1.94Mn0.01Zn0.01Fe3+0.72Ti0.13)∑5.01(Al1.11Si6.89)∑8.00O22[F1.55(OH)0.37Cl0.08)∑2.00.

In the present paper, a new relationship for the pressure dependences of elastic constants is developed by using a new expression for the pressure dependence of bulk modulus and a method developed by Grover et al. The proposed relationship is applied to study elastic constants of MgO , NaCl , CaF 2, and CaO . The results obtained for elastic constants are found in good accordance with the experimental and first-principle results.

It has been reported [Smith, McWilliams & Hass (1986) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 136, 336-340] that addition of certain metal ions, notably Co2+ and Mn2+, promoted the refolding of denatured phosphoglycerate mutase from wheat germ. We have re-investigated these experiments and have shown that, when precautions are taken to avoid artefacts in the assay system, the metal ions do not promote any re-activation of the denatured wheat-germ or Aspergillus nidulans enzymes. An alternative explanation is offered for the observations of Smith et al. (1986).

The Caçapava do Sul region, State of Rio Grande do Sul, is characterized by the occurrence of a granitic batholith (Caçapava Granite) that is surrounded by a belt of metamorphites belonging to the Porongos Group, assigned to Upper Precanbrian by RIBEIRO et alii (1966). Among the metamorphites occur a carbonatic rock body, lens shaped, with clear contacts, interpenetrated by granitic apophises and with an outcrop of about 17 km2. The study of the metamorphism showed that these rocks were affected termically by the Caçapava Granite and its apophises, as become evident by the metamorphic zoneation in rocks belonging to a Piroxene Hornfels Facies, near the contact, and Albita-Epidoto Hornfels Facies, placed farther away. The structure generaly isotropic, the preservation of the polimorphous orthoclase, the contemporariness of the granitic body and its wall rocks (Brazilian Cicle) and having in view hat the wall rocks belong to a Green Schists Facies (BITENCOURT, 1983), make evident the shallow emplacement of the Caçapava Granite and allow to estimate the highest metamorphic temperatures at about 560°C. The total pressure and the pressure of fluid phase were estimated at 1.000 bars, which also conforms to the shallow emplacement (3 - 4 km) of the granitic body. The analyses of the metamorphism of these rocks, based on T – XCO2 diagrams for the CaO-MgO-SiO2-CO2-H2O system, maked evidente equilibrium and disequilibrium paragenesis which conforms to the Caçapava granitic magma that didn't favour an homogeneous termic distribution and of long duration.

The MnOx-CeO2/t-ZrO2 catalyst was prepared by impregnation with nano t-ZrO2 as the support. The influence of active component and reaction temperature on denitration performance of catalyst was investigated. The results showed that denitration efficiency improved as active component increased and reaction temperature rose. The denitration efficiency of 2.5% MnOx-CeO2/t-ZrO2 at 100°C was 68.1% while 15% MnOx-CeO2/t-ZrO2 was 97.4%. The results of XRD, BET and H2-TPR showed that surface structure of loaded catalyst was good for oxidation-reduction and denigration. NH3-TPD test demonstrated that NH3 was mainly adsorbed at Lewis acid sites on the surface of catalysts and became coordination NH3. Intermediate product NH2NO generated from reactions between coordination NH3 and NO which finally changed into N2 and H2O.NOx are potentially harmful to humans as a kind of primary pollutants. And NOx are the main cause of many environment problems, such as acid rain, surface ozone pollution and Particulate Matter 2.5[1]. The emission of NOx was 2337.8 tons in China in 2011 and that was 2275.4 tons[2]. The environmental situation is grim although the emission of NOx had begun decreasing. Emission standard of air pollutants for thermal power plants which came into effect on January 1, 2012 require the emission concentration of NOx under 100mg·m-3. The task is arduous.Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with NH3 is the most promising method to remove NOx and catalysts with high activity play a decisive part in low temperature SCR technology. Many researches about metal oxide as SCR catalyst support have been reported recently, such as TiO2[3], Al2O3[4], activated carbon[5] and molecular sieve[6]. Zirconium oxide has attracted considerable attention recently as a catalyst support because of its special characteristics. Takahashi et al.[7] investigated the influence of the various compositions of TiO2 and ZrO2 on the NOx removal ability over a sulfur-treated NSR catalyst and came to a conclusion that ZrO2 support suppressed the solid phase reaction with potassium. Reddy et al.[8, 9] investigated structural characteristics of nanosized ceria-silica, ceria-titania, and ceria-zirconia mixed oxide catalysts and found these mixed oxides exhibit better redox properties than pure CeO2. YAN Zhi-yong et al.[10] reported that the existence of ZrO2 in catalysts can raise its specific area and enhance the dispersion of CeO2 on catalysts which results in high activity of the catalysts. CeO2/TiO2-ZrO2 catalyst has strong tolerance to water vapor and sulfur dioxide.It is well known that ZrO2 exists mainly in three polymorphs with monoclinic (m-ZrO2), tetragonal (t-ZrO2) and (c-ZrO2) cubic structures[11]. ZrO2 polymorphs have different amphoteric character of its surface hydroxyl groups. The crystalline phase of ZrO2 has a great effect on the structure, activity and selectivity of catalysts. Therefore, it is valuable to investigate the effects of nanocrystalline zirconia polymorphs on catalytic properties of MnOx-CeO2/t-ZrO2 Catalysts which few researchers have concerned about. In this study, we try to investigate catalytic activity and microstructure of SCR catalysts with manganese oxide and cerium oxide supported on t-ZrO2.

The solubility of Pt in CO-CO2 fluid was studied experimentally at P = 50–200 MPa and T = 950 °C. A mixture of MgC2O4 and MgCO3 was used as a source of the fluid. Upon the reaction of the Pt capsule walls and the fluid, a carbonyl of platinum is formed. The use of the high-temperature quartz ceramics as a fluid trap avoids the effect of mechanical contamination with Pt from the eroded capsule walls. The total content of platinum in the porous fluid traps was measured by the Electrothermal Atomic Absorption (ET-AAS) method. In some experiments, the local analysis of traps was carried out by the Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) method. The composition of fluid in bubbles captured in an albite glass trap was studied by micro-Raman spectroscopy. On the capsule walls and MgO, Pt “whiskers” of submicron diameter were observed, which were formed as a product of carbonyl decomposition during quenching. About 5–15% of carbonyl withstands quenching resulting in 1.5 to 2 ppm Pt soluble in acetone (runs at P = 200 MPa) in a quartz glass trap. The amount of Pt soluble in acetone from the capsule walls corresponds to a concentration of up to 8 ppm in the fluid. A high content of soluble Pt of 2000–3000 ppm was determined in a carbon coated MgO matrix. Our study demonstrated that the solubility of Pt in the CO-CO2 fluid is 15–150 ppm, presumably in the form of Pt3(CO)62− under conditions corresponding to the conditions of the subsolidus stage of layered ultramafic-mafic and ultramafic-alkaline intrusions formation. Our preliminary data showed that this solubility will increase with the addition of water at low fO2.

AbstractSchizolite, originating from the type locality, Tutop Agtakôrfia, in the Ilímaussaq alkaline complex, Julianehåb district, South Greenland, was described initially by Winther (1901) with additional data being supplied by Bøggild (1903). Recently, a proposal for the new mineral ‘marshallsussmanite’ was submitted to, and approved by, the International Mineralogical Association Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (IMA2013-067) by Origlieri et al. (2013). Results from the detailed examination of two schizolite cotype samples presented here, using single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, and optical properties, confirms it to be equivalent to ‘marshallsussmanite’. Historical precedence sets a priority for discrediting the name ‘marshallsussmanite’ in favour of the original, more-than-a century-old name, schizolite. The two schizolite samples investigated vary slightly in physical and chemical properties but are consistent overall. The prismatic crystals are pale red or pink to brownish. Schizolite is brittle with a splintery aspect. It is biaxial (+), with average optical parameters: α = 1.626 ± 0.003, β = 1.630 ± 0.002, γ = 1.661 ± 0.002, 2Vmeas = 71(4)° and 2Vcalc = 40°; there is no pleochroism. Electron microprobe analysis shows both samples have nearly identical compositions (differences <0.4 wt.% oxide), with the mean values of: SiO2 52.6(4); Al2O3 0.005(1); FeO 2.54(2); MnO 13.86(9); CaO 17.9(4); Na2O 8.9(1); and H2O 2.59(2) wt.% oxide; this corresponds to a mean formula of: Na1.00(2)Ca1.11(7)Mn0.68(1)Fe0.12(0)Si3.041(1)O8(OH). Final least-squares structure refinements for both samples converged at R1 values ≤2.0%; H atoms were located in all refinements.

Abstract. The first simultaneous observations of fields and plasmas in Saturn's high-latitude magnetosphere and UV images of the conjugate auroral oval were obtained by the Cassini spacecraft and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in January 2007. These data have shown that the southern auroral oval near noon maps to the dayside cusp boundary between open and closed field lines, associated with a major layer of upward-directed field-aligned current (Bunce et al., 2008). The results thus support earlier theoretical discussion and quantitative modelling of magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling at Saturn (Cowley et al., 2004), that suggests the oval is produced by electron acceleration in the field-aligned current layer required by rotational flow shear between strongly sub-corotating flow on open field lines and near-corotating flow on closed field lines. Here we quantitatively compare these modelling results (the "CBO" model) with the Cassini-HST data set. The comparison shows good qualitative agreement between model and data, the principal difference being that the model currents are too small by factors of about five, as determined from the magnetic perturbations observed by Cassini. This is suggested to be principally indicative of a more highly conducting summer southern ionosphere than was assumed in the CBO model. A revised model is therefore proposed in which the height-integrated ionospheric Pedersen conductivity is increased by a factor of four from 1 to 4 mho, together with more minor adjustments to the co-latitude of the boundary, the flow shear across it, the width of the current layer, and the properties of the source electrons. It is shown that the revised model agrees well with the combined Cassini-HST data, requiring downward acceleration of outer magnetosphere electrons through a ~10 kV potential in the current layer at the open-closed field line boundary to produce an auroral oval of ~1° width with UV emission intensities of a few tens of kR.

Abstract Abstract 370 Protein disulfide isomerase is required for thrombus formation in various in vivo models of thrombosis. Another member of the thiol isomerase family, endoplasmic reticulum protein 5 (ERp5), is released from activated platelets and co-immunoprecipitates with beta 3 integrin (Jordan et al, 2005). We further investigated the association of ERp5 with the platelet fibrinogen receptor alpha IIb beta 3 and the significance of ERp5 release in thrombus formation in vivo. Recombinant purified ERp5 was labeled with Alexa 488 and used in direct binding assays to CHO cells expressing wild type (WT) alpha IIb beta 3, CHO cells expressing mutant alpha IIb beta 3 (containing an Asp119Tyr substitution in the beta 3 subunit) and to control CHO cells. The mutant alpha IIb beta 3 does not bind fibrinogen. ERp5 bound to CHO cells expressing wild type (WT) alpha IIb beta 3 in a dose-dependent manner but did not bind to CHO cells expressing mutant alpha IIb beta 3 or to control CHO cells. The relative increase in the geomean of Alexa 488-labeled ERp5 binding to 0.5 ×106 WT alpha IIb beta 3 CHO cells over that bound to control CHO cells was 20, 45 and 85% for ERp5 concentrations of 80, 160 and 400 nM respectively. Binding of ERp5 (160 nM) to WT alpha IIb beta 3 expressing CHO cells was further increased by 75% when the integrin was activated with 2 mM Mn2+ compared to non-activated WT alpha IIb beta 3 CHO cells. A role for ERp5 in thrombus formation was studied in the laser injury model of thrombosis in mouse cremaster arterioles using a rabbit polyclonal anti-ERp5 antibody, immunoaffinity purified against recombinant ERp5. This antibody detected ERp5 in the releasate of thrombin-activated mouse platelets in vitro by Western blot and on the surface of thrombin-activated mouse platelets by flow cytometry. Dylight 649-labeled anti-CD42b was infused into the mouse circulation to detect platelet accumulation and Alexa 488-labeled anti-ERp5 antibody at 0.05 ug/g, a dose that does not inhibit thrombus formation, was infused to detect ERp5. The fluorescent anti-ERp5 signal detected at the thrombus site was compared to the signal produced by a non-specific IgG labeled with Alexa 488 infused into a control mouse. Anti-ERp5 fluorescence was detected in the thrombus with kinetics that followed platelet accumulation whereas there was minimal signal from the control IgG. We examined whether higher doses of anti-ERp5 affect thrombus formation. Platelet and fibrin accumulation were detected using fluorescently labeled anti-CD42b antibody and monoclonal anti-fibrin-specific antibody respectively before or after the injection of unlabeled anti-ERp5 antibody or pre-immune IgG at 2.5 ug/g. Platelet and fibrin accumulation, expressed as area under the curve of the median integrated fluorescence over time, was obtained from 14 thrombi in 6 mice formed before infusion of antibody, 18 thrombi in 2 mice formed after infusion of control IgG and 29 thrombi in 3 mice formed after infusion of anti-ERp5. Anti-ERp5 infusion caused a 70% decrease in the deposition of platelets and a 62% decrease in fibrin accumulation compared to infusion of control antibody (p<0.01). There was no difference in platelet and fibrin accumulation before infusion of antibody and after infusion of control antibody. These results provide evidence for a role of a second thiol isomerase, ERp5, in thrombus formation, a function which may be mediated through its association with alpha IIb beta 3. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Abstract 26Mg tracer diffusion coefficients were determined in single crystals of pure synthetic forsterite (Mg2SiO4). Isotopically enriched powder sources both acted as the 26Mg source and buffered the activities of silica (aSiO2) at forsterite + protoenstatite (Mg2Si2O6) (high aSiO2) and forsterite + periclase (MgO) (low aSiO2). Experiments were conducted at atmospheric pressure between 1250 and 1600 °C, and at oxygen fugacities (fO2s) between 10–12 bars (CO-CO2 mix) and 10–0.7 bars (air). The resulting diffusion profiles were measured along the three principal crystallographic axes (a, b, and c; ||[100], ||[010], ||[001]) using laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), with a quadrupole mass spectrometer. These measurements were corroborated by ion microprobe using the sensitive high resolution ion microprobe-reverse geometry (SHRIMP-RG) instrument. Mg tracer diffusion is anisotropic, with D[001] &gt; D[010] &gt; D[100], the difference in diffusion coefficients varying by about one order of magnitude at a given temperature with crystallographic orientation. Diffusion is faster in protoenstatite-buffered than periclase-buffered conditions, again with around one order of magnitude difference in diffusivity between buffering conditions. There is no apparent effect of fO2 on diffusion. A global fit to all data, including data from Chakraborty et al. (1994) and Morioka (1981) yields the relationship: log 10 D = log 10 D 0 ( m 2 s - 1 ) + 0 . 61 ( ± 0 . 03 ) log 10 a SiO 2 + - 359 ( ± 10 ) kJ / mol 2 . 303 R T where log10D0 is –3.15 (±0.08), –3.61 (±0.02), and –4.01 (± 0.05) m2 s–1 for the [001], [010], and [100] directions, respectively (1 s.d.). The LA-ICP-MS technique reproduces diffusion coefficients determined by SHRIMP-RG, albeit with slightly different absolute values of isotope ratios. This shows that LA-ICPMS, which is both accessible and rapid, is a robust analytical method for such tracer diffusion studies.

AbstractKatophorite has the ideal formula ANaB(NaCa)C(Mg4Al)T(Si7Al)O22W(OH)2 (Hawthorne et al., 2012). No published analyses of amphiboles fall in the katophorite compositional field, except that of Harlow and Olds (1987) for an amphibole from near Hpakan in the Jade Mine Tract, Myanmar. This amphibole was approved by the International Mineralogical Association Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (vote 2013-140) as katophorite, and is reported here. Holotype katophorite is monoclinic, space group C2/m, a = 9.8573(8), b = 17.9617(15), c = 5.2833(4) Å, β = 104.707(2)°, V = 904.78(13) Å3, Z = 2. The calculated density is 3.091 g cm–3. In plane-polarized light, katophorite is pleochroic, X = pale blue (medium), Y = light blue-green (strongest), Z = colourless; X ∧ a = 30.6° (β obtuse), Y || b, Z ∧ c = 15.8 (β acute). It is biaxial negative, α = 1.638, β = 1.642, γ = 1.644, all ± 0.002; 2Vobs = 73(1)°, 2Vcalc = 70°. The eight strongest lines in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern are [d in Å (I)(hkl)]: 2.700 (100)(151), 3.129 (69)(310), 2.536 (65)(202), 3.378 (61)(131), 8.421 (55)(110), 2.583 (46)(061), 2.942 (43)(221) and 2.334 (41)(351). Electron-microprobe analysis of the refined crystal gave SiO251.74, Al2O37.38, TiO2 0.14, FeO 1.55, Fe2O3 2.82, MgO 18.09, CaO 8.17, Na2O 6.02, K2O 0.24, F 0.06, H2Ocalc. 1.80, Li2Ocalc. 0.09, sum 100.55 wt.% (Li2O and H2O based on the results of single-crystal structure refinement). The formula unit, calculated on the basis of 24 (O,OH,F) with (OH + F + O) = 2 is: A(Na0.85K0.04)Σ=0.89B(Ca1.22Na0.78)Σ=2.00C(Mg3.76Al0.43Fe0.303+Cr0.273+Fe0.182+Li0.05Ti0.014+)Σ=5.00T(Si7.21Al0.79)Σ=8.00O22W[(OH)1.67O0.30F0.03)]Σ=2.00.

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare subtype of aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma that remains incurable with standard therapy. Overexpression of B-cell receptor signaling through Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a hallmark of MCL (Pal Singh et al., 2018). Inactivation of BTK signaling with the small molecule inhibitor ibrutinib is currently the most broadly used treatment of B cell lymphoma. However, it induces only low rates of apoptosis in vitro at clinically achievable concentrations. Frequently, primary and acquired resistance is observed (Chiron et al., 2014; Wang et al., 2013). One of the molecular mechanisms of acquired resistance is the development of BTKC481S mutations (Martin et al., 2016). In addition, the tumor microenvironment (TME), in which mesenchymal stroma cells (MSC) and vascular endothelial cells (ECs) are specialized components, has increasingly been recognized as a central determinant of drug resistance, subclonal evolution and late progression/transformation of B-cell lymphomas (Balsas et al., 2017; Weis and Cheresh, 2011). Although the pro-tumoral ecosystem that supports MCL is still poorly understood, it has been reported that MCL cells express high levels of functional CXCR4 and CXCR5 chemokine receptors and VLA-4 adhesion molecules (Kurtova et al., 2009) . Lymphoma cells also display high levels of CD44, one of E-selectin ligands, in co-culture with ECs (Cao et al., 2014). These findings strongly suggest the association of acquired BTK mutations and the TME with resistance to BTK-targeted therapy in MCL. Therefore, we hypothesize that disrupting the crosstalk of MCL cells and TME by blocking CXCR4/CXCL12 or E-selectin/CD44 might benefit BTK-targeted therapy against MCL. In this study, we investigated the anti-lymphoma effect of a novel small-molecule multi-kinase inhibitor CG-806 which exerts promising enzymatic inhibitory activity against the C481S mutation and wild type BTK at extremely low doses (IC50s were 2.52 and 5 nM, respectively). CG-806 demonstrated impressive anti-lymphoma effects in MCL cell lines Z138, MINO, Jeko-1 and JVM2 (IC50s of 2.7, 3.87, 3.79 and 8.27 nM, respectively), all of which were much less sensitive to ibrutinib (IC50s ≈ 10,000 nM). Mechanistically, CG-806 not only suppressed BTK activation, but also its downstream signaling targets phospho-Stat3,-AKT,-ERK and -Src, as well as NF-κB and c-Myc, and surprisingly upregulated p53 in MCL cells but exerted no suppression of phospho-FLT3 and aurora kinase at tested doses in MCL cells, two of the other potential CG-806 targets. Interestingly, CG-806 triggered profound apoptosis in Z138 and MINO cells as evidenced by increased cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP and expression of annexin V (EC50s 4.91 and 6.35 nM, respectively), but showed resistance in Jeko-1 and JVM2 cells (EC50s 7,800 and 3260 nM, respectively), which was accompanied with marked upregulation of autophagy, implicating autophagy as a novel resistance mechanism to BTK inhibition. Interestedly, our previous studies demonstrated that TME components MSC/hypoxia mediated autophagy upregulation which was associated with resistance in AML cells (Zhang et al., 2018), and, on the other hand, upregulation of autophagy was also observed in FLT3 wild type AML cells after CG-806 treatment, which resulted in resistance to CG-806-triggered apoptosis induction (Zhang et al., unpublished). Nevertheless, suppression of autophagy with the ULK1 inhibitor SBI-0206965 (Egan et al., 2015) or a putative autophagy inhibitor Chloroquine (CQ) (Mauthe et al., 2018) partially enhanced CG-806-induced apoptosis in the resistant Jeko-1 cells, confirming a role for autophagy in resistance to BTK inhibitors in MCL. Furthermore, CXCR4 and E-selectin ligand levels were upregulated by exposing MCL cells in either ibrutinib or CG-806, and co-culture of MCL cells Z138 with MSC or HUVEC cells partially protected MCL cells from CG-806-triggered apoptosis. Of note, blockade of CXCR4 or E-selectin with their antagonist plerixafor or GMI-1271, respectively, re-sensitized to CG-806-induced apoptosis in MCL cells, suggesting potential benefit of disrupting the crosstalk of TME and lymphoma cells in MCL therapy. Taken together, our findings may provide the basis for a new therapeutic strategy co-targeting TME, autophagy and BTK with the goal of overcoming the resistance to BTK-targeted therapy in MCL. Disclosures Zhang: Aptose Biosciences, Inc: Employment. Fogler:GlycoMimetics Inc: Employment, Equity Ownership. Rice:Aptose Biosciences, Inc: Employment, Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Magnani:GlycoMimetics Inc: Employment, Equity Ownership. Borthakur:BMS: Research Funding; Tetralogic Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Research Funding; Eisai: Research Funding; Xbiotech USA: Research Funding; Argenx: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; AbbVie: Research Funding; Cyclacel: Research Funding; Janssen: Research Funding; NKarta: Consultancy; BioLine Rx: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; PTC Therapeutics: Consultancy; Cantargia AB: Research Funding; FTC Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Eli Lilly and Co.: Research Funding; Strategia Therapeutics: Research Funding; Bayer Healthcare AG: Research Funding; Oncoceutics: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Arvinas: Research Funding; Merck: Research Funding; Oncoceutics, Inc.: Research Funding; Agensys: Research Funding; GSK: Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding; Polaris: Research Funding; BioTheryX: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Andreeff:CLL Foundation: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; BiolineRx: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Eutropics: Equity Ownership; Aptose: Equity Ownership; Reata: Equity Ownership; 6 Dimensions Capital: Consultancy; AstaZeneca: Consultancy; Amgen: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; Daiichi Sankyo, Inc.: Consultancy, Patents & Royalties: Patents licensed, royalty bearing, Research Funding; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Center for Drug Research & Development: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; NIH/NCI: Research Funding; CPRIT: Research Funding; Breast Cancer Research Foundation: Research Funding; Oncolyze: Equity Ownership; NCI-RDCRN (Rare Disease Cliln Network): Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Leukemia Lymphoma Society: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; German Research Council: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; NCI-CTEP: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Cancer UK: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Oncoceutics: Equity Ownership; Senti Bio: Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.

The homogeneous distribution of nano-metallic structures on the surface-enhanced Raman (SERS) substrates plays an important factor for high-sensitive Raman scattering measurement. In this paper, we present a low-cost laser-assisted photochemical method for making a SERS probe based on silver nanostructures, which are one-timely synthesized nano-silver structures, homogeneously deposited on silica microsphere surfaces. Achieved SERS-activity substrates with a homogeneous distribution of Ag-nanostructures are verified by a mapping technique on the surface of Ag-coated microsphere for the detection of low concentration of Rhodamine 6G in aqueous solutions in a range of 10-4-10-9M. The obtained results show that a SERS microsphere probe has a good repetition of SERS-activity in any space of sensing area, and large potential for application in a biochemical sensing technique. Full Text: PDF ReferencesY. Chen et al., "Interfacial reactions in lithium batteries", J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 50, 02510 (2017). CrossRef T.B. Pham, H. Bui, H.T. Le, V.H. Pham, "Characteristics of the Fiber Laser Sensor System Based on Etched-Bragg Grating Sensing Probe for Determination of the Low Nitrate Concentration in Water", Sensors 17, 0007 (2017). CrossRef X. Wang, O.S. Wolfbeis, "Fiber-Optic Chemical Sensors and Biosensors (2013–2015)", Anal. Chem. 88, 203 (2016). CrossRef R. Wang, K. Kim, N. Choi, X. Wang, J. Lee, J.H. Joen, G. Rhie, J. Choo, "Highly sensitive detection of high-risk bacterial pathogens using SERS-based lateral flow assay strips", Sens. Actuators B-Chem. 270, 72 (2018). CrossRef H. Zhang et al., "Determination of Pesticides by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy on Gold-Nanoparticle-Modified Polymethacrylate", Anal. Let. 49, 2268 (2016). CrossRef L. Chen, H. Yan, X. Xue, D. Jiang, Y. Cai, D. Liang, Y.M. Jung, X.X. Han, B. Zhao, "Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Active Gold Nanoparticles Decorated on a Porous Polymer Filter", Appl. Spectrosc. 71, 1543 (2017). CrossRef A. Matikainen, T. Nuutinen, P. Vahimaa, S. Honkanen, "A solution to the fabrication and tarnishing problems of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) fiber probes", Sci. Rep. 5, 8320 (2015). CrossRef J. Zhang, S. Chen, T. Gong, X. Zhang, Y. Zhu, "Tapered Fiber Probe Modified by Ag Nanoparticles for SERS Detection", Plasm. 11, 743 (2016). CrossRef W. Xu et al., "A Dual-Butterfly Structure Gyroscope", Sensors 17, 467 (2017). CrossRef K. Setoura, S. Ito, M. Yamada, H. Yamauchi, H. Miyasaka, "Fabrication of silver nanoparticles from silver salt aqueous solution at water-glass interface by visible CW laser irradiation without reducing reagents", J. Photochem. Photobio. A: Chem. 344, 168 (2017). CrossRef K. Liu, Y. Bai, L. Zhang, Z. Yang, Q. Fan, H. Zheng, Y. Yin, C. Gao, "Porous Au–Ag Nanospheres with High-Density and Highly Accessible Hotspots for SERS Analysis", Nano Lett. 16, 3675 (2016). CrossRef Z. Huang, X. Lei, Y. Liu, Z. Wang, X. Wang, Z. Wang, Q. Mao, G. Meng, "Tapered Optical Fiber Probe Assembled with Plasmonic Nanostructures for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Application", ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 7, 17247 (2015). CrossRef

Recently described small outcrop of the upper part of the Barnasiówka Formation yielded several manganese oxidic minerals. Outcrop at the bank of the Krnalovice Stream (GPS N 49°38.623’ E 018°14.630’) consists of Lower Turonian greenish to grey-black laminated claystone alternating with grey chert. The whole sequence is a part of the Baška facies of the Silesian Unit, Outer Western Carpathians. In the middle part of the profile occur concretional aggregates containing manganese minerals. The central pale part of these aggregates is composed of quartz (ca. 90 wt.%), albite (ca. 9 wt.%), and muscovite, the darker rim of quartz (ca. 80 wt.%), goethite (ca. 10 wt.%), illite, todorokite, plagioclase, K-feldspar, and pyrite. Occasionally, remains of Mn-rich siderite were preserved in the cores. We suppose that they are in fact weathering products of carbonate-rich silicites. Manganese oxides also enter fissures in form of thin black coatings. Powder X-ray diffraction proved the presence of todorokite, ranciéite, pyrolusite, and possible vernadite. Todorokite forms black coatings with submetallic lustre, often associating with ranciéite. Ranciéite is dark pink to pinkish-brown, with a metallic lustre. Back-scattered electron images reveal its extremely thin tabular, sometimes undulated crystals and hexagonally oriented intergrowths. Powder diffraction data are strongly affected by preferred orientation, with dominating basal reflections of 001 plane at 7.4849 Å and plane 002 at 3.7424 Å. Its average formula from nine WDS spots (Ca0.14Mg0.01Ba0.01K0.01)Σ0.17(Mn4+0.86Si0.02Al0.03Fe0.01)Σ0.92O2.00·0.88H2O (based on 2 anions, water calculated from the ratio of cation sum / H2O in the formula according to Post et al. 2008) and CaO/MnO2 ratio 9 to 12 correspond well to the published data for this phase. Ranciéite is a rather common phyllomanganate from various geological environments, but this locality represents its first unambiguous occurrence in the Czech Republic. It closely resembles the one from Polish flysch Carpathians from Nowa Wieś near Rzesów.

Objective: To develop and validate a reliable in vitro culture system for human embryos. Design: Retrospective analyses of a series of four studies were conducted between 2006 and 2010 to assess the effect of incubator type (CO2 box versus Tri-gas minibox), media type, oil type, and hyaluronate supplementation. Optimization of in vitro blastocyst development was verified by assessing our National CDC/ART Surveillance reports between 2010 and 2016. Material and Methods: All patients experienced controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, followed by egg retrieval 35 h post-hCG. Cumulus-oocyte complexes were temporarily cultured in P1 or LG Fert medium plus HSA. Eggs were moved to a more complex media (G-medium or Global®-LG medium) containing a synthetic protein and embryo adhesion supplement (SPS and EAS, respectively; mLG) post-ICSI insemination. Zygotes were assigned to group culture in 25 µl droplets under oil (light mineral oil or paraffin oil; 37 °C) and embryo development was evaluated on Days 3, 5, and 6 and transferred on Day 3 to 5 depending on the number/quality of embryos available and the IVF history of the patient. Transfers were performed under ultrasound guidance, primarily using a Sureview-Wallace catheter, and enriched ET medium containing 500 µg/mL EAS. Results: Pilot study results (Expt. 1) showed that a mLG single-step medium could be effectively used in combination with Sanyo MCO-5 tri-gas (TG) incubators. Once adapted to SCIRS Lab in 2007 (Expt. 2), the latter culture system yielded improved blastocyst production and pregnancy outcomes compared to CO2 in air sequential incubation in P1/Multi-blast medium. In Expt. 3, the mLG/TG system yielded high levels of ≥2BB quality blastocysts (51 to 66%) across all age groups, and greater (p < 0.05) pregnancy success/live birth rates using fewer embryos transferred on Day 5 versus Day 3. After validating its clinical effectiveness, mLG was then prospectively compared to a new generation G-media (1.5 & 2.5; Expt. 4) and determined that the crossover treatment using paraffin oil (Ovoil™) allowed the mLG system to be optimized. Subsequently, a compilation of our Annual CDC/ART reported data over six years verified the overall viability of in vitro cultured and vitrified blastocysts produced in the mLG/TG system. Conclusion: By systematically evaluating and implementing various components of an embryo culture system we were able to optimize blastocyst development over the last decade. Our mLG/TG culture system modified an exceptionally well designed KSOMAA LG medium using endotoxin-free EAS and SPS additives to support cellular membrane wellness under stressful in vitro conditions (e.g., culture, cell biopsy, vitrification). Our use of the mLG/TG culture system has proven to be effective, creating reliably high blastocyst production, implantation, and healthy live births.

Abstract Introduction. – The Jbel Saghro alkaline complex was emplaced close to the eastern edge of the Moroccan Anti-Atlas. Within the northern part, two types of nephelinite were recognized [Ibhi and Nachit, 1999 and Ibhi, 2000]. The first type (olivine-rich nephelinite) constitutes the main volcanic mass south of the Bou Gafer granit (fig. 1), where the volcanism had been active at least during 2 Ma, between 9.6 and 7.5 ± 0.1 Ma [Berrahma et al., 1993]. The second group outcrops in the north (Foum El Kouss). It consists of pyroxene nephelinites which are younger (2.9 ± 0.1 Ma) [Berrahma et al., 1993], and bears carbonatitic xenoliths, melteigitic pyroxenites and metasomatised peridotite xenoliths. Geochemically, the pyroxene nephelinite is highly enriched in LILE compared with the first one. The mineralogical and geochemical characteristics may be explained by the incorporation of carbonatitic and melteigitic pyroxenite segregates of carbonatitic affinity. Petrology and mineralogy. – Nephelinites. – The chemical analyses of minerals were done using the microprobe SX 50 of the micro-analysis laboratory (University of Nancy I) and of CAMPARIS (Paris VI). Chemical compositions of minerals are presented in table I. The petrographical and mineralogical studies show that these nephelinites could be subdivided into two groups : – olivine nephelinites (according to the terminology of Le Bas [1987]) are more or less rich in coloured minerals : olivine (Fo80–85), Ti-rich augite (3.8 to 4.5 wt. % TiO2) with relatively low Na2O (0.5 to 0.9 wt. %) and oxide (Ti-magnetite). Olivine phenocrysts are always present while augite exists only in the form of micro-phenocrysts. The groundmass is made up of augite, nepheline and Fe-Ti oxide micro-crystals; – clinopyroxene-rich nephelinites with strongly zoned phenocrysts;the green core of phenocrysts is Fe-rich diopside (11.4 to 13.4 wt % FeO and high Na2O up to 2,2 % wt. %). The rim is Ti-rich augite, similar to the augite micro-phenocrysts from olivine nephelinites. The olivines (Fo78–82) are present in the form of sub-automorph crystals of a composition less magnesian than that of the lower flow. The groundmass is formed by nepheline, plagioclase, sanidine and Ti-magnetite micro-crystals. Nature of enclaves Carbonatites. – Pyroxene nephelinite are characterized by the presence of calcite carbonatitic xenoliths. Their size is variable (a few millimeters to a few centimeters) and their texture is generally granular to micro-granular. Carbonate (table II) is a low-Mg (less than 0.4 wt. % MgO) calcite with high SrO (up to 3.4 wt. %) and relatively high BaO (1.2 wt. %). Rare Ba-Ti biotite, containing up to 21.5 wt. % BaO and 13.8 wt. % TiO2, occurs in the groundmass of most samples, along with SrO-rich (1.8 wt. %) fluorapatite (4 wt. % F). The pyrochlore is a niobozirconolite of a structural formula CaZr(Ti, Fe, Nb)2O7, generally associated to the magnetite and the apatite [Williams, 1996]. The mean for Nb2O5 of 4 analyses is 20.1 wt. % (range 17.5 to 20.9 wt. %), and for Zr O2 the mean is 23.2 wt. % (range 21.7 to 25.5 wt.). The clinopyroxene is diopside with Na2O up to 0.7 wt. % and Al2O3 up to 1.5 wt. % (table II). The presence of Sr-rich calcite and pyrochlore establish the carbonatitic nature of the xenolith [Ngwenya and Bailley, 1990]. According to the geothermometers of Stormer and Carmichael [1971], revised by Andersen and Austrheim [1991], the temperatures calculated for the exchange reaction F / OH between biotite and apatite, are situated between 650 and 665°C. Mineralogical studies do not allow the pressure of inhaduction for carbonatites, however the absence of dolomite suggests that their crystallization took place at pressures lower than to 3 kbar, according to the remarks by Le Bas [1987]. Peridotites. – The peridotite xenoliths contained in the nephelinites of Jbel Saghro are all, according to Hart’s [1977] nomenclature, of a porphyroclastic texture with a granuloblastic tendency. Two types can be mineralogically distinguished (table III) : – the first one does not contain any trace of destabilisation. It is characterized by an assemblage of minerals in equilibrium and with composition typical of mantle lherzolites : olivine (Fo90–91), orthopyroxene (En90–92), diopside (Ca46–59 Fe05–07 Mg43–47) and spinelle (mg* = 82 and 100 × Cr / (Cr+Al) = 10), which can be considered as primary ; – the second type, which occurs only in pyroxene nephelinites, is characterized by the presence of millimetric and pale-green reactional aggregates which are scattered throughout the sample and filled by a microgranular mineral assemblage. These aggregates are interconnected by a microveinlet network. The microgranular mineral assemblage consists of green diopside (containing up to 0.67 wt. % Al2O3 and 2,2 % wt. Cr2O3) rich in fluid inclusions of CO2, olivine (Fo90 – 91), chromite (100 × Cr / (Cr+Al) = 72 to 79) and interstitial anorthoclase (Ab52–56 , Or41–45 , An01–02). The scanning electronic microscope equally shows the presence of very small apatite crystals in these aggregates. Melteigitic pyroxenite cumulates. – A melteigitic pyroxenite inclusion has been found in a pyroxene nephelinite. Major phases are Na, Fe rich (4 wt. % Na2O and 20 wt. % FeO) diopside, nepheline (Ne69 – Ks27 – Qz04) and SrO rich (1.5 wt. %) fluorapatite (3.5 wt. % F). Carbonate globules are common in these xenoliths. The carbonate is SrO rich (2.3 to 5.0 wt. %), FeO, MgO and LREE barely detectable with the electron microprobe. Geochemistry. – Major and trace element analyses for Jbel Saghro nephelinite and carbonatite xenoliths are presented in table IV. Major elements were analyzed by ICP and trace elements by ICP-MS with LabRobStation system (rocks and minerals analysis service, Nancy). The nephelinites are strongly SiO2 undersaturated (&lt; 43 wt. %) and they contain 15 to 25 % of normative nepheline. Globally, the two types of nephelinites show similar trends, which suggests a possible common source. According to this hypothesis, the LILE increase observed in the pyroxene nephelinites can be explained by a decrease of partial melting rate, which would be in agreement with its higher under-saturation in SiO2. However, in comparison with the olivine nephelinites, the pyroxene nephelinites are clearly enriched in HREE (fig. 2) and in the less incompatible elements (fig. 3) while the Th, U, Rb, and K concentrations are similar. This observation argues against the previous hypothesis and suggests a more complicated petrogenetic process for the pyroxene nephelinite. Discussions and conclusions. – The petrological study of peridotite xenoliths from the pyroxene nephelinite shows that the lithospheric mantle of this region was metasomatised. Metasomatism is represented by extensive petrological and mineralogical changes [Ibhi et al., 1999c]. The reactions produce aggregates, which are predominantly composed of high-Cr diopside, alkali feldspar, chromite and apatite. The paragenesis described in these samples and the experimental data on the peridotite-carbonate systems [Brey et al., 1983] suggest that the reacting fluid was carbonate rich. The abundance of CO2 inclusions observed in these peridotites also favours this interpretation. It remains to be seen whether a carbonatitic origin is possible for these pyroxenite cumulates. Their mineralogy (diopside + apatite + Ti-magnetite + nepheline + calcite) is well known in the pyroxenites of carbonatitic complexes [Le Bas, 1977; Bouabdli, 1994], they can be considered as melteigitic. The petrogenetic relationship between carbonatites and pyroxene nephelinites has been previously emphasised by Le Bas [1987]. Globally, the pyroxene nephelinites are caracterized by: (i) the presence of phenocrysts of highly reverse zoned clinopyroxene : green core of Na, Fe rich diopside partially resorbed and pink rim of augite (table I), this one is rich fluid CO2 inclusions; (ii) the presence of small carbonatite xenoliths, (iii) a considerable enrichment in HREE and in the less incompatible elements while the Th, U, Rb, and K concentrations are similar. This shows that there is an intervention of carbonatite segregates in the petrogenesis of these pyroxene nephelinite. The intervention of a carbonatitic component during the petrogenesis of the Jbel Saghro pyroxene nephelinite can be geochemically evidenced by the variations of ratios implying trace elements fractionated by carbonates [Hamilton et al., 1989; Brenan and Watson, 1991]. Thus, the decrease of Hf / Sm and the increase of Ba / Th and Sr / Th between olivine nephelinite and pyroxene nephelinite are in good agreement with this carbonatitic influence.

Aim: to conduct a comparative assessment of the hypotensive effect, as well as the effect on endothelial function, oxidative stress, and pulmonary artery pressure of chlorthalidone and hydrochlorothiazide as part of combined antihypertensive therapy in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) in combination with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Patients and Methods: the prospective study included 66 patients divided into two groups. As the main antihypertensive therapy, group 1 was prescribed with a combination of azilsartan medoxomil 40 mg and chlortalidone 12.5 mg as a fixed combination of Edarbi® CLO. Group 2 received a free combination of azilsartan medoxomil 40 mg (Edarbi®) and hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg. All patients underwent 24-hour blood pressure monitoring: (ABPM), echodopplercardiography, endothelium-dependent vasodilation, lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide metabolites, and endothelin-1 levels at baseline and after 6 months of treatment. Results: target blood pressure values (<130/80 mm Hg) were achieved in 91% of patients in group 1, and 51.5% in group 2 after 1 month of the study. After 6 months of treatment, all patients in both groups reached the target BP values, but in group 2, the dose of hydrochlorothiazide had to be increased to 25 mg. According to the ABPM data, after 6 months of treatment, group 1 showed a decrease in the morning surge in SBP by 7.0±2.1% and DBP by 10±7.3%. There was also an increase in the number of patients with the daily profile of «dipper» type to 78.8%. In group 2, there was a decrease in the morning surge in SBP by 6.3±5.9% and DBP by 4.8±4.6% after 6 months of treatment. There was an increase in the number of patients with the daily profile of «dipper» type to 36.4%. After 6 months of treatment, there was more pronounced improvement in laboratory parameters of group 1 characterizing endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Statistically significant results were obtained for conjugated trienes, NO2, S, Imax, and endothelin-1 when comparing groups 1 and 2.Conclusion: treatment of AH in patients with concomitant COPD in the form of a fixed combination of azilsartan medoxomil and chlorthalidone versus free combination of azilsartan medoxomil with hydrochlorothiazide has a more pronounced antihypertensive effect, positively affecting the daily BP profile, pulmonary artery pressure, endothelial function and lipid peroxidation processes after 6 months of treatment.KEYWORDS: arterial hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, endothelial dysfunction, lipid peroxidation, azilsartan medoxomil, chlorthalidone.FOR CITATION: Grigorieva N.Yu., Samolyuk M.O., Sheshina T.V. et al. How to improve the effectiveness of combination therapy of arterial hypertension in patients with concomitant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? Russian Medical Inquiry. 2020;4(7):418–424. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-7-418-424.

Rapid urbanization rates impact significantly on the nature of Land Cover patterns of the environment, which has been evident in the depletion of vegetal reserves and in general modifying the human climatic systems (Henderson, et al., 2017; Kumar, Masago, Mishra, & Fukushi, 2018; Luo and Lau, 2017). This study explores remote sensing classification technique and other auxiliary data to determine LULCC for a period of 50 years (1967-2016). The LULCC types identified were quantitatively evaluated using the change detection approach from results of maximum likelihood classification algorithm in GIS. Accuracy assessment results were evaluated and found to be between 56 to 98 percent of the LULC classification. The change detection analysis revealed change in the LULC types in Minna from 1976 to 2016. Built-up area increases from 74.82ha in 1976 to 116.58ha in 2016. 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AbstractA review of studies by Safarian et al. and Kim show that the smelting reaction at equilibrium for ferromanganese and silicomanganese alloys is defined by the coupled reaction in the carbon-saturated condition $$ 2\underline{\text{Mn}} + \, \left( {{\text{SiO}}_{ 2} } \right) \, = { 2 }\left( {\text{MnO}} \right) \, + \underline{\text{Si}} $$ 2 Mn ̲ + SiO 2 = 2 MnO + Si ̲ . The behavior of slag at equilibrium is described by MnO and SiO2 as dependent variables and by non-reacting species, CaO, MgO, and Al2O3, as independent variables. Its characteristic behaviors are assessed in the pseudobinary system of MnO and SiO2 fixed by non-reacting components with analyses of ferromanganese and silicomanganese slag from one-month smelting operations. The behavior of fluid slag is defined by their melting temperature provided by phase equilibria of slag system. Liquidus of manganese slag systems by Kang et al., Zhao et al., and Roghani et al. is reconstructed in coordinates of MnO and SiO2 at fixed contents of CaO, MgO, and Al2O3. Conditions for fluid smelting slag are examined by referencing characteristic behaviors of smelting slag to liquidus of manganese slag systems to assess the effect of MgO and Al2O3. MgO facilitates fluid silicomanganese slag but would make ferromanganese slag viscous. Al2O3 makes silicomanganese slag fluid at Al2O3 content with 0.41 by weight ratio to SiO2. At higher contents of Al2O3, silicomanganese slag would be viscous with low MnO contents in slag. Al2O3 facilitates the development of fluid ferromanganese slag.

Warmer atmospheric temperatures (eT) will increase plant nutrient uptake, and elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCO2) is expected to enhance plant growth, whereas a multicomponent eTeCO2 effect should also be beneficial for agroecosystems. Our goal was to understand if single- (eT, eCO2) or multicomponent (eTeCO2) climate effects, predicted for southern Ontario, Canada, will affect soybean and soil properties differently when soil is amended with manure and biochar (MB) or with manure, nitrogen (N) fertilizer, and biochar (MNB) compared with the addition of manure and N fertilizer (MN). We hypothesized that biochar regulates climate effects and causes soybean and soil properties to be similar to ambient climate conditions than soil without biochar. However, soil amended with biochar functioned independently of single- or multicomponent climate effects. Soybean pod and shoot biomass, shoot height, and shoot:root ratio were greater (p < 0.05) with eT. eCO2 increased (p < 0.05) shoot biomass coinciding with an increase (p < 0.05) in nutrient uptake and uptake efficiency. All climate effects decreased (p < 0.05) soluble carbon (C), available N (NH4+ and NO3−), and the C/N ratio but increased (p < 0.05) orthophosphate. Amendment type MNB decreased (p < 0.05) soil microbial biomass carbon, but climate effects did not affect microbial biomass (p < 0.05). However, climate effects influenced how C and N were accessed by microbes in all amendment types, shifting (p < 0.05) microbial community structure, species richness, and diversity. We rejected our hypothesis and concluded that biochar amended soil does not strongly influence soybean and soil properties, and it does not provide a greater ability for soybeans and soil to cope with climate effects.

Some heavy metals, consisting of Fe, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were determined using USEPA Method 3050B for total metal concentration. Six composite samples were located from Aladja (ALJ), Ovwian (OVW), Ejevwu (EJW), Ekete Inland (EKI}, Orhuwhorun (ORH), and Otor-Udu (OTU) towns. In addition, chemical speciation was carried out on these samples using method employed by Tessier et al. as modified by Kersten and Forstner to assess their speciation pattern and the fraction of abundance as determinant of environmental pollution. From the results obtained, concentrations of Fe, Cd and Mn were more predominant in the residual fraction (F5) in the form of Fe3+, Cd2+ Mn2+ respectively for both wet and dry seasons. Co was more in the exchangeable fraction (F1) as Co2+ for both seasons. Concentration of Cu in the form of Cu2+ is higher in Fe-Mn oxide fraction (F3) for wet season and dry season’s organic fraction (F4). Pb and Zn were abundant in Fe-Mn oxide fraction (F3) for both seasons as divalent ions. Mobility factor calculated for the metals shows pattern in the order: Pb > Co > Zn > Mn > Fe > Cd > Cu > Ni for wet season and Co > Zn > Mn > Cu > Pb > Ni > Cd > Fe for dry season; which is as a result of changes in some physiochemical parameters such as acidity, pH, among others. From this result, there is the need to ensure that future health catastrophe is averted from the accumulation and release of Pb2+, Zn2+, Co2+ and Mn2+ especially into the environment.

En la Estación Experimental Agrícola Fabio Baudrit Moreno, Alajuela, Costa Rica se realizó un ensayo con el objetivo de determinar la absorción de nutrimentos por parte del híbrido comercial de maíz HC-57. Se sembraron un total de 120 plantas, a las que se les dio buen manejo hídrico y nutricional. Se realizaron muestreos aproximadamente cada 15 días y se colectaron un total de 9 plantas por época de muestreo. A dichas plantas se les estimó la altura, se les cuantificó el número de hojas y fueron divididas en secciones (raíz, follaje y mazorca). Se secaron en estufa a 80°C y se estimó el peso seco. Posteriormente se determinó la concentración de nutrimentos en el Laboratorio de Suelos y Foliares del Centro de Investigaciones Agronómicas, Universidad de Costa Rica y se obtuvieron las curvas de absorción de nutrimentos para macro y microelementos. Para un rendimiento de 50 000 mazorcas.ha-1, con un peso seco de 141,5 g por mazorca, se presentó una absorción máxima total por hectárea de 111 kg de N, 43 kg de P2O5, 168 kg de K2O, 26 kg de CaO, 28 kg de MgO, 10 kg de S, 3200 g de Fe, 100 g de Cu, 400 g de Zn, 300 g de Mn y 100 g de B. Además, se realizó una caracterización del ciclo de desarrollo del híbrido, relacionada con las condiciones climáticas que permitió asociar la información de absorción con los grados día temperatura, estimados por el método residual modificado descrito por Yzarra et al. (2009), con el propósito de generar una predicción del comportamiento del ciclo y la absorción de nutrimentos de este híbrido en otras localidades. El híbrido HC-57 requirió un aproximado de 1500 grados día temperatura para completar su ciclo de desarrollo y 1254 grados día temperatura para alcanzar la etapa fenológica R3, en la cual se realiza la cosecha para elote.

Abstract We present a structural update to the thermodynamic model for calculating peridotite phase relations and melt compositions at 0·01 to 60 kbar and from 600 °C to the peridotite liquidus in the system K2O–Na2O–CaO–FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–TiO2–Fe2O3–Cr2O3 (KNCFMASTOCr), based on the model of Holland et al., 2018 [Melting of Peridotites through to Granites: A Simple Thermodynamic Model in the System KNCFMASHTOCr. Journal of Petrology 59, 881–900]. The new model is better able to predict the phase relations and melting of ultramafic rocks, in particular the abundance of orthopyroxene in the residue and the concentration of silica in the melt. In addition, improvements in modelling Cr-spinels mean that the model is now able to reproduce Cr-content of garnet and spinel above and below the solidus without modification to the knorringite free energy. Model calculations indicate that, for peridotite composition KR4003, the spinel to garnet transition intersects the solidus at 22·1–24·8 kbar and orthopyroxene disappears from the solidus at 29·1 kbar. Below the solidus, the model is able to reproduce the abundances and compositions of phases in experimental studies and natural samples spanning a range of compositions, allowing it to be used for investigating subsolidus equilibration during mantle cooling and pressurisation/decompression. The liquid model provides a good fit to experimental data and is able to replicate the position of the solidus and the composition of both melt and residue at and above the solidus for a range of peridotite compositions. The model may, therefore, be used to investigate fractional mantle melting and basalt generation in modern geodynamic regimes, and also to explore equilibrium mantle melting in the early Earth. The model can also be used to explore liquid and residue compositions for melting of non-pyrolitic mantle, for which there is a paucity of experimental data. We demonstrate the scope of the model using two case studies investigating the subsolidus evolution and melting of a silica-rich cratonic peridotite from the Kaapvaal craton.

Introdução: O novo coronavírus é responsável pela síndrome respiratória aguda grave, causando óbito, em 5 meses de pandemia, de 646 mil indivíduos mundialmente. As principais formas de transmissão identificadas são gotículas de saliva expelidas ao falar e tossir ou pelo contato em uma superfície com secreções salivares, com característica agressiva de contágio e potencial letalidade. Objetivo: Relatar as práticas do serviço radiológico em tempos de pandemia e evidenciar práticas seguras de biossegurança para o Cirurgião-Dentista. Métodos: Para elaboração deste trabalho foram selecionados 13 artigos utilizando a base de dados do Pubmed. Foram utilizados como descritores “Coronavirus Infections”, “Betacoronavirus”, “Dentistry”, “Radiology” e “Containment of Biohazards. Os critérios de inclusão foram artigos publicados em inglês, espanhol e português com os resumos disponíveis, do ano de 2020. Resultados: Os Cirurgiões-Dentistas estão entre os profissionais que mais sofrem risco de contaminação, uma vez que estão expostos a riscos biológicos e contato direto com a saliva, sendo necessário, neste cenário crítico de pandemia do coronavírus, adotar medidas mais eficazes de prevenção e controle de infecção a fim de evitar ou reduzir ao máximo a transmissão deste vírus. Na Radiologia Odontológica, a baixa incidência de aerossóis não exclui a possibilidade de contaminação pelo contato com fluido salivar nas tomadas radiográficas intrabucais, preconizando radiografias extrabucais. Conclusão: A presente revisão de literatura é baseada em relevantes diretrizes e pesquisas, introduzindo conhecimentos essenciais sobre o coronavírus, condutas a serem adotadas em ambiente odontológico e fornece protocolos de orientações recomendadas para dentistas e estudantes.Descritores: Infecções por Coronavirus; Betacoronavirus; Odontologia; Radiologia; Contenção de Riscos Biológicos.ReferênciasOrganização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. 2020. Disponível: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019Zhu HD, Zeng CH, Lu J, Teng GJ. COVID-19: What should interventional radiologists know and what can they do? J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2020; 31(6):876-81.Odeh ND, Babkair H, Abu-Hammad S, Borzangy S, Abu-Hammad A, Abu-Hammad O. COVID-19: present and future challenges for dental practice. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(9):3151.Conselho Federal de Odontologia (CFO). Manual de Boas Práticas em Biossegurança para Ambientes Odontológicos. 2020. Disponível em: http://website.cfo.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/cfo-lanc%CC%A7a-Manual-de-Boas-Pra%CC%81ticas-em-Biosseguranc%CC%A7a-para-Ambientes-Odontologicos.pdfSalzedas LMP, Oliva AH, Coclete GEG, Coclete GA. Protocolo de biossegurança e gerenciamento de resíduos no ensino de radiologia odontológica da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba-UNESP. Arch Healt Invest. 2014;3(6):20-27.Peng X, Xu X, Li Y, Cheng L, Zhou X, Ren B. Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practice. Int J Oral Sci. 2020;12(1):9.Fini MB. What dentists need to know about COVID-19. Oral Oncol. 2020;105:104741.Société Française de Stomatologie, Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale et Chirurgie Orale (SFSCMFCO). Praticiens de la cavité orale. Recommandations professionnelles. Risques infectieux par le COVID-19. Faire front pour faire face. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2020;121(2):e3-6.Han P, Ivanovski S. Saliva – friend and foe in the COVID-19 outbreak. Diagnostics (Basel). 2020;10:290.Dziedzic A, Wojtyczka R. The impact of coronavírus infectious disease 19 (COVID-19) on oral health. Oral Dis. 2020;101111Wu R, Wang L, Kuo HCD, Shannar A, Peter P, Chuo PJ, Li S, Hudlikar, Liu X, Liu Z, Poiani, Amorosa L, Brunetti L, Kong AN. An update on current therapeutic drugs treating COVID-19. Curr Pharmacol Rep. 2020;11:1-15.Van Doremalen N, Bushmaker T, Morris DH, Holbrook MG, Gamble A, Williamson BN, Tamin A, Harcourt JL, Thornburg NJ, Gerber SI, Lloyd-Smith JO, Wit E, Munster VJ. Aerosol and surface stability of SARS-CoV-2 as compared with SARS-CoV-1. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(16):1564-67.American Dental Association (ADA). What Constitutes a Dental Emergency? 2020. Disponível: https://success.ada.org/~/media/CPS/Files/Open%20Files/ADA_COVID19_Dental_Emergency_DDS.pdf?_ga=2.253879752.110187285.1584496315-1622146531.1565271894Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Interim Infection Prevention and Control for Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Healthcare Settings. 2020. Disponível em: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/dental-settings.htmlPeditto M, Scapellato S, Marcianò A, Costa P, Oteri G. Dentistry during the COVID-19 epidemic: an italian workflow for the management of dental practice. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(9):3325.Tuñas ITC, Silva ET, Santiago SBS, Maia KD, Silva-Júnior GO. Doença pelo Coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19): Uma abordagem preventiva para Odontologia. Rev Bras Odontol. 2020;77(1):1-6.Salzedas LMP, Oliva AH, Oliveira LQC, Simas MCO, Coclete GA. Biossegurança na clínica de radiologia odontológica. Arch Health Invest. 2014;3(6):6-13.Escola de Educação Permanente do Hospital das Clínicas da USP (HC). COVID-19: dicas e cuidados para enfrentar a pandemia. 2020. Disponível em: https://jornal.usp.br/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/e-book-covid-19.pdfSaki M, Haseli S, Iranpour P. Oral radiology center as a potential source of COVID-19 transmission; Points to consider. Acad Radiol. 2020;27(7):1047-48.Yu J, Ding N, Liu XJ, He WJ, Dai WC, Zhou ZG et al. Infection control against COVID-19 in departments of radiology. Acad Radiol. 2020;27(5):614-17.

Abstract Study question Under deadly pandemic conditions involving the novel SARS-CoV–2 corona virus, could biopsied blastocysts be safely cryopreserved, stored and utilized for subsequent warming cycles? Summary answer Blastocysts were securely stored, effectively warmed and safely transferred to yield normal pregnancy outcomes under uncertain laboratory conditions subject to unprecedented policy changes. What is known already By April 2020, every IVF lab worldwide was implementing deep cleaning/disinfecting procedures in their laboratory and patient-contact areas, thorough hand-washing policies and mandatory PPE to reduce the chance of contact transmission and spread of the potentially deadly SARS-CoV–2 coronavirus. Furthermore, we know that safeguards like oil overlay culture dishes and pipetting dilution factors provide insurance against possible contamination. However, knowing that the trophectoderm of blastocysts possessed the ACE–2 binding receptor, potential concern existed regarding the continuation of laser zona opening and biopsy procedures that could possibly expose cryopreserved embryos to the coronavirus in liquid nitrogen storage (vapor or liquid). Study design, size, duration Between March 8 and December 22, 2020, 508 patients performed FET cycles involving the use of single (n = 490) or dual (n = 18) euploid microSecure vitrified blastocysts. In this retrospective analysis, we compared clinical pregnancy outcomes to a 5 year dataset (2015–2019) encompassing 2768 single and 272 dual embryo transfer FET cycles. All blastocysts were vitrified using a closed microSecure system and Innovative Cryoenterprise (ICE; NJ, USA) non-DMSO, glycerol-EG solutions. Differences were assessed by Chi-square analysis (p &lt; 0.05). Participants/materials, setting, methods Deep cleaning was performed with Simple Green Pro3+ Virucide in non-lab areas (e.g., ET rooms, waiting room) and 6% H2O2 & OoSafe solutions to disinfect lab surfaces and equipment. Group embryo cultures were performed in MCO–5M humidified incubators under low oxygen tri-gas conditions with varying CO2 levels (5.3–6.0%; pH = 7.3–7.35) using 25µl droplets of LifeGlobal medium+7.5%LGPS+1%sodium hyaluronate, before changing to 10µl droplet/GPS dishes post-biopsy. FET cycles involved 4-step sucrose dilutions and transvaginal ultrasound-guided embryo transfers. Main results and the role of chance While ICSI fertilization rates were unchanged in 2020 (79.4% 2PN vs 77.3%), blastocyst utilization rates tended to be slightly lower than past years (56.4% vs 59.9%) but within an acceptable range. Of 529 blastocysts warmed, 527 (99.7%) survived completely for transfer, being comparable to the 99.4% experienced over 5 years. Furthermore, there was no differences detected in single embryo transfer pregnancy outcomes. The implantation and ongoing clinical pregnancy/live birth rates were 69% and 66.53% compared to 70.4% and 65.1%, respectively. Under pandemic conditions we did not observe an increase in biochemical pregnancies (10.3%) nor spontaneous miscarriage rates (7.8%). Although it is possible that our rigorous disinfection practices could have attributed to lower blastocyst production, the viability of those embryos was not compromised. Importantly, we were able to feel comfortable performing micromanipulation and cryopreservation procedures throughout the year knowing that we were effectively eliminating possible vertical transmission of coronavirus to an exposed trophectoderm layer in cryostorage by applying mircoSecure vitrification. Post-FET clinical check-ups revealed no patient reporting any fever or other Covid–19 symptoms in the weeks following their transfers. We are fortunate to say that our Lab staff, physicians and patients have remained healthy throughout 2020. Limitations, reasons for caution Blastocyst survival and viability are independent of possible viral exposure. Previously, the risk of disease transmission via liquid nitrogen or vapor exposure was considered highly unlikely (Pomeroy et al., 2010), but that was at a time when embryos were primarily zona-enclosed. Today’s ART standards have us re-evaluating safer approaches. Wider implications of the findings: We have effectively mitigated avoiding performing zona opening procedures by employing our standard practice of aseptic, closed vitrification. In combination with standard preventative measures (PPE, hand hygiene, distance awareness) and routine deep cleaning practices, we sustained a contamination-free environment and healthy patients, capable of sustaining high levels of pregnancy success. Trial registration number Not applicable

As plantas medicinais têm demonstrado elevado poder de cura em estado natural, além disso, esse conhecimento tradicional sobre o uso das plantas e de suas propriedades terapêuticas no combate a doenças vêm sendo transmitida entre as gerações. A busca por novos produtos com maior atividade terapêutica, tem estimulado a realização de pesquisas com produtos naturais no meio odontológico para o tratamento de doença periodontal. Logo, objetivou-se apresentar uma revisão da literatura de espécies vegetais como Malva Sylvestris, Vitis Vinífera e Punica Granatum, comuns do cotidiano no tratamento da periodontite. A periodontite é uma doença inflamatória crônica decorrente da resposta imunológica do hospedeiro à presença de fatores microbianos, causando dano tecidual, resultando em formação de bolsas periodontais, reabsorção do osso alveolar, e perda de tecidos de sustentação. O estudo trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica do tipo narrativa e foi realizada uma seleção de artigos científicos recuperados a partir das bases de dados: BVS Brasil (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde), Scielo (Scientific Eletronic Library Online), Pubmed (National Center for Biotechnology Information) e Portal Periódico Capes no período de 05 a 28 de Fevereiro de 2018. Conclui-se que a Malva, Uva e Romã possuem ação terapêutica e estão entre os fitoterápicos com grande influência na cavidade bucal, que funcionam como auxiliares no tratamento de afecções orais sendo alternativas de fácil acesso, já que a atuação profissional frente à ação farmacológica dos vários medicamentos fitoterápicos e contraindicações tem sido importante nos últimos anos.Descritores: Fitoterapia; Plantas Medicinais; Periodontite.ReferênciasPasa M, Soares J, Guarim G. Estudo etnobotânico na comunidade de Conceição-Açu (alto da bacia do rio Aricá Açu, MT, Brasil). 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