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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Mobile communication systems. Space time codes

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Academic literature on the topic 'Mobile communication systems. Space time codes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Mobile communication systems. Space time codes"

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Kong, Bo, Wei Heng Dai, Xiao Jie, and Fei Hong Dong. "Research on Coded Cooperative Strategy in Satellite Communications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 198-199 (September 2012): 1684–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.198-199.1684.

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Aiming at the satellite mobile communication, the cooperative communication technology is applied to the forward downlink in this paper, and one scheme with two satellites based on the coded cooperative which used the Alamouti space time block code is presented. Simulation results show the coded cooperative strategy can obtain better performance than the traditional uncoded systems, which is lower than the MIMO system with two transmit antennas and one receive antenna based on the Alamouti code, but the power of the terminal was decreased. It has the advantage in communication range and low complex mobile terminal, which has a certain application prospects in satellite mobile communications in the future.

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Sterian, Corneliu Eugen D., Yuanyuan Ma, Matthias Pätzold, Ion Bǎnicǎ, and Huaqiang He. "New super-orthogonal space-time trellis codes using differential M-PSK for noncoherent mobile communication systems with two transmit antennas." annals of telecommunications - annales des télécommunications 66, no. 3-4 (July 22, 2010): 257–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12243-010-0191-1.

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Sah, Dhaneshwar. "Iterative Decoding of Turbo Codes." Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management 3 (January 10, 2018): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jacem.v3i0.18810.

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<p><strong> </strong>This paper presents a Thesis which consists of a study of turbo codes as an error-control Code and the software implementation of two different decoders, namely the Maximum a Posteriori (MAP), and soft- Output Viterbi Algorithm (SOVA) decoders. Turbo codes were introduced in 1993 by berrouet at [2] and are perhaps the most exciting and potentially important development in coding theory in recent years. They achieve near- Shannon-Limit error correction performance with relatively simple component codes and large interleavers. They can be constructed by concatenating at least two component codes in a parallel fashion, separated by an interleaver. The convolutional codes can achieve very good results. In order of a concatenated scheme such as a turbo codes to work properly, the decoding algorithm must affect an exchange of soft information between component decoders. The concept behind turbo decoding is to pass soft information from the output of one decoder to the input of the succeeding one, and to iterate this process several times to produce better decisions. Turbo codes are still in the process of standardization but future applications will include mobile communication systems, deep space communications, telemetry and multimedia. Finally, we will compare these two algorithms which have less complexity and which can produce better performance.</p><p><strong>Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management</strong>, Vol.3, 2017, Page: 15-30</p>

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Abu, Mohd Azlan, Harlisya Harun, Mohammad Yazdi Harmin, and Noor Izzri Abdul Wahab. "Power Consumption Optimization Technique in ACS for Space Time Trellis Code Viterbi Decoder." Applied Mechanics and Materials 785 (August 2015): 734–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.785.734.

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To provide fast digital communications systems, energy efficient, high-performance, low power is critical for decoding mobile receiver device. This paper proposes a low power optimization techniques in the Add Compare Select (ACS) unit for Space Time trellis codes (STTC) Viterbi decoder. STTC Viterbi decoder is used as a reference case. This paper discusses about how to lower the power in the ACS architecture, to optimize the Viterbi decoder STTC in reducing the total power consumption. Based on the results of design and analysis, power consumption Viterbi decoder modeling, low power system for STTC Viterbi decoder is proposed. Design and optimization of ACS unit in STTC Viterbi decoding is done using Verilog HDL language. Power analysis tools in the software Altera Quartus 2 is used for the synthesis of total system power consumption. Optimization strategy showed an increase of 83% power reduction compared to previous studies.

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Solodovnyk, V. I., and M. I. Naumenko. "SYNTHESIS OF SPECTRALLY AND ENERGY-EFFICIENT SIGNAL-CODE CONSTRUCTIONS FOR MIMO SYSTEMS WITH SIGNALS SPATIAL CODING." Proceedings of the O.S. Popov ОNAT 1, no. 1 (August 27, 2020): 68–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33243/2518-7139-2020-1-1-68-81.

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Wireless communication systems are considered, the main task of which is to increase their spectral (SE) and energy efficiency (EE) in conditions of limited frequency and energy resources. Additional use of the spatial resource based on flexible and universal methods of signals Space-Time Coding (STC) in MIMO-systems (Multiple Input - Multiple Output) can significantly increase the SE and EE values, as well as significantly improve the capabilities and conditions for EE exchange on SE. The advantages and disadvantages of Orthogonal Space-Time Block Coding (OSTBC) and Non-Orthogonal STBC (NOSTBC) are shown. Two main methods of synthesis of spectrally and energy-efficient information transmission methods are demonstrated. The first method is implemented by creating Perfect-codes that simultaneously achieve maximum diversity and multiplexing gains. The exponential computational decoding complexity of such codes makes it impossible for their practical implementation in mobile terminals at the present stage of development of circuitry. The second method of synthesis is based on improving the simple basic STC methods in terms of increasing the SE and EE by creating Signal-Code Constructions (SCC), which have the advantages of the basic STC methods and are devoid of the disadvantages inherent in Perfect-codes. A technique for the synthesis of SCC is proposed, the essence of which is to determine the priority areas (by the value of the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)) of using the STC and corresponding signal constellations, which provide the maximum SE for a guaranteed Bit Error Rate (BER). It was found that MIMO 2x2 with Alamouti OSTBC has an advantage in terms of EE over NOSTBC type VBLAST for SE not more than 8 b/s/Hz and SNR under 35 dB, BER not exceeding 10-5. In MIMO 4x4, OSTBC codes are inferior to NOSTBC in terms of EE. VBLAST code allows to provide SE 4 - 8 b/s/Hz at SNR 10 - 20 dB, BER not exceeding 10-5. Based on the results obtained, propositions for further improvement of OSTBC and NOSTBC are formulated.

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Timofeev, A. L., and A. Kh Sultanov. "Building a noise-tolerant code based on a holographic representation of arbi-trary digital information." Computer Optics 44, no. 6 (December 2020): 978–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2412-6179-co-739.

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The article considers a method of error-correcting coding based on the holographic representation of a digital signal. The message encoding process is a mathematical simulation of a hologram created in virtual space by a wave from an input signal source. The code word is a hologram of a point, it is also a one-dimensional zone ruler that carries information about the input data block in the form of an n-bit code of the coordinate of the center of the Fresnel zones. It is shown that the holographic representation of the signal has significantly greater noise immunity and allows you to restore the original digital combination when most of the code message is lost and when the encoded signal is distorted by noise several times higher than the signal level. To assess the noise immunity, the reliability of information transmission over the channel with additive white Gaussian noise is compared using the Reed-Solomon code, the Reed-Muller code, the majority code, and the holographic code. The comparative efficiency of codes in the presence of packet errors caused by the effect of fading due to multipath propagation in radio channels is considered. It is shown that holographic coding provides the correction of packet errors regardless of the length of the packet and its location in the codeword. The holographic code is of interest for transmitting information over channels with a low signal-to-noise ratio (space communications and optical communication systems using free space as a transmission channel, terrestrial, including mobile radio communications), as well as for storing information in systems exposed to ionizing radiation.

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Adeagbo, Oluwafemi, Carina Herbst, Ann Blandford, Rachel McKendry, Claudia Estcourt, Janet Seeley, and Maryam Shahmanesh. "Exploring People’s Candidacy for Mobile Health–Supported HIV Testing and Care Services in Rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: Qualitative Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 21, no. 11 (November 18, 2019): e15681. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/15681.

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Background The use of mobile communication technologies (mHealth: mobile health) in chronic disease management has grown significantly over the years. mHealth interventions have the potential to decentralize access to health care and make it convenient, particularly in resource-constrained settings. It is against this backdrop that we aimed to codevelop (with potential users) a new generation of mobile phone–connected HIV diagnostic tests and Web-based clinical care pathways needed for optimal delivery of decentralized HIV testing, prevention, and care in low- and middle-income countries. Objective The aim of this study was to understand ways in which an mHealth intervention could be developed to overcome barriers to existing HIV testing and care services and promote HIV self-testing and linkage to prevention and care in a poor, HIV hyperendemic community in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Methods A total of 54 in-depth interviews and 9 focus group discussions were conducted with potential users (including health care providers) in 2 different communities. Theoretically informed by the candidacy framework, themes were identified from the interview transcripts, manually coded, and thematically analyzed. Results Participants reported barriers, such as fear of HIV identity, stigma, long waiting hours, clinic space, and health care workers’ attitudes, as major impediments to effective uptake of HIV testing and care services. People continued to reassess their candidacy for HIV testing and care services on the basis of their experiences and how they or others were treated within the health systems. Despite the few concerns raised about new technology, mobile phone–linked HIV testing was broadly acceptable to potential users (particularly men and young people) and providers because of its privacy (individual control of HIV testing over health provider–initiated testing), convenience (individual time and place of choice for HIV testing versus clinic-based testing), and time saving. Conclusions Mobile phone–connected HIV testing and Web-based clinical care and prevention pathways have the potential to support access to HIV prevention and care, particularly for young people and men. Although mHealth provides a way for individuals to test their candidacy for HIV services, the barriers that can make the service unattractive at the clinic level will also need to be addressed if potential demand is to turn into actual demand.

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Lema, Gebrehiwet Gebrekrstos, Teklehaymanot Baweke Reda, Dawit Hailu, and Tole Sutikno. "Performance evaluation of space time trellis coded MIMO for mobile communications." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 15, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 1501. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v15.i3.pp1501-1508.

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<p>The major enemy of wireless communication is multipath fading that highly degrades the received signal. Spatial diversity highly reduces deep fades of the wireless communication. Higher signal to noise ratio (SNR) requirement can be reduced by using space time coding. In this paper, the error performance of un-coded MIMO, different diversity combing methods, space time block codes and space time trellis codes are analyzed using different parameters including number of antennas, M-array modulations, trace criteria, rank and determinant. The simulation results have shown that the Bit Error Rate (BER) significantly reduces with increasing number of receiver antennas. However, the number of antennas that a mobile device can have is limited by its size and this is inconvenient for mobile communication. Hence, this paper suggests space time codes to mitigate multipath problems in mobile communication. So, BER performance of space time block codes scheme was evaluated by varying the number of transmitter and receiver antennas along with varying M-array PSK modulation orders. The results have shown that better BER is possible by integrating space time codes with spatial diversity. Finally, the error performance of space time trellis codes was evaluated by using trace, rank and determinant, and the simulation results depicted that better error performance is achieved using the proposed multipath reduction method.</p>

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de Abreu, G. T. F., H. Ochiai, and R. Kohno. "Linear maximum likelihood decoding of space – time block coded OFDM systems for mobile communications." IEE Proceedings - Communications 151, no. 5 (2004): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-com:20040663.

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Wu, Gang, Ming Chen, Haifeng Wang, and Shixin Cheng. "Low rate space-time trellis codes in power limited wireless communication systems." Journal of Electronics (China) 19, no. 3 (July 2002): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11767-002-0044-9.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mobile communication systems. Space time codes"

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Van, Wyk Daniel Jacobus. "Space-time turbo coding for CDMA mobile communications." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2000. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01172007-112643/.

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Chu, Li Electrical Engineering &amp Telecommunications Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Space-time coded transmission schemes on wireless channels." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Electrical Engineering & Telecommunications, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40880.

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Highly reliable and fast wireless communication services demand the communication channel capacity to be fully exploited. Vast amount of research effort have been expanded in the development of advance technologies, such as signal processing, channel coding, modulation/demodulation, diversity techniques, and so on. This thesis focuses on the development of space-time coded transmission schemes. In order to provide high diversity gain with minimum design complexity, we propose a closed-loop beamforming transmission technology combined with existing simple channel coding method. We show that this coded beamforming scheme can achieve full diversity as the space-time coding technique does for a multiple-antenna system, while significantly reducing the design complexity. It is normally impractical to install multiple antennas on a small wireless communication device. We therefore further our research to cooperative communication, in which single-antenna communicators share their antennas with partners in information relay, so that the benefit of multiple-antenna transmission can be achieved for the singleantenna users. We analyze the system performance for the typical decode-and-forward user cooperative system, formulate the code design criteria, and construct optimal codes. To simplify the system design, we introduce estimate-and-forward protocol with differential modulation scheme. In order to ensure the practicality of the system design, we introduce an equivalent link model to replace the source-relay-destination link, taking into account the imperfect detections at the relay. Finally we extend the analysis to a multiple-relay system using selective combiner at the destination.

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Lee, King F. "Space-time and space-frequency coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing transmitter diversity techniques." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14981.

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Sobhanmanesh, Fariborz School of Electrical Engineering And Telecommunications UNSW. "Hardware implementation of V-BLAST MIMO." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Electrical Engineering And Telecommunications, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24198.

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The exploitation of the theoretically enormous capacity achieved by the multiple transmit and receive antennas systems (MIMO) in a rich scattering communication channel has been the subject of vast body of research on the field of MIMO. In particular, the Vertically-layered Bell Laboratories Layered Space-Time (V-BLAST) is a well known MIMO architecture which has demonstrated the enormous capacity of 20-40 bit/s/Hz in an indoor propagation environment with realistic SNR and error rates. However, due to the intensive computation involved, it would be difficult to implement this architecture for high data rate communication systems. Some works have been done to improve the receiver complexity and performance by coding techniques, by different detection architectures. In this thesis, we have focused on QR-based decoders for V-BLAST MIMO. For a suitable V-BLAST detection implementation, we need to carefully consider the problem from algorithmic, arithmetic and architectural aspects. At the algorithmic level, the numerical stability and robustness should be considered. At the arithmetic level, signal quantization is important, and, at the architectural level, parallelism and pipelining require attention. We have performed the above mentioned optimization on the 1-pass QR factorization with back substitution SIC (Symbol Interference Cancellation) decoder in chapter 3. At first optimizations are made on the proposed algorithm and architecture using MATLAB simulations. Then a new architecture for the QR-factorizer as the core processor of the V-BLAST decoder is developed in chapter 4. This architecture uses only two low complexity CORDIC (Coordinate rotation digital computer) processors. The parameterized feature of the controller and address generator blocks of this architecture has provided a scalable architecture for the implementation of QR factorization for square matrix of any dimension. The reduced hardware complexity of the processors and its simple parameterized controller are two outstanding features of the architecture, resulting in a more suitable alternative architecture for QR factorization than traditional triangular systolic arrays. In the next phase of the research, new hardware architectures of the back substitution SIC decoder was developed for a 4 X 4 MIMO system with 16-QAM constellation scheme in chapter 5. The division operation for back substitution needs a complex hardware, and results in the numerical instability. In the proposed hardware the elimination of division and modification of multiplier has reduced the hardware complexity and led to numerical stability. In addition the pre decoding block was designed and optimized in terms of number of the pipeline registers and CORDIC rotator processors. The developed hardware is capable of processing 20 vectors data burst and results in a throughput of 149 Mb/s. The FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) and ASIC (Application specific Integrated Circuit) implementations of the proposed optimized architecture are presented in Chapter 5. We found that the equivalent gates and the core area in our design is less than 30% of other designs and the maximum clock frequency and the throughput is higher (175 %) than other works. Finally the improvements of the BER performance using the branching method and parallel architectures are presented in chapter 6. In this supplementary part to back substitution OSIC decoder, the final symbol vector is selected from 2 or 8 potential candidates based on the minimum Euclidean norm, which improves the BER between 3 to 7 db and gives a very close match to the original V-BLAST performance.

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Lamahewa, Tharaka Anuradha. "Space-time coding and space-time channel modelling for wireless communications /." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2006. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20070816.152647/index.html.

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Zhang, Zhi. "Error-rate evaluation and optimization for space-time codes." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B39634218.

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Zhang, Zhi, and 張治. "Error-rate evaluation and optimization for space-time codes." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39634218.

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Oruç, Özgür Altınkaya Mustafa Aziz. "Differential and coherent detection schemes for space-time block codes/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2002. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/elektrikveelektronikmuh/T000133.pdf.

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Zajic, Alenka. "Space-time channel modeling, simulation, and coding." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26569.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Stuber,Gordon L.; Committee Member: Durgin, Gregory D.; Committee Member: Kim, Hyesoon; Committee Member: Li, Ye (Geoffrey); Committee Member: McLaughlin, Steven W.; Committee Member: Riley, George F.. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

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Shang, Yue. "Space-time code designs and fast decoding for MIMO and cooperative communication systems." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 180 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1654493811&sid=6&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Books on the topic "Mobile communication systems. Space time codes"

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Rooyen, Pieter Van. Space-time processing for CDMA mobile communications. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000.

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Tran, Le Chung. Complex orthogonal space-time processing in wireless communications. New York: Springer, 2011.

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Duman, Tolga M. Coding for MIMO communication systems. Hoboken, NJ: J. Wiley & Sons, 2007.

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Kleinman, Sharon. Displacing place: Mobile communication in the twenty-first century. New York: Peter Lang, 2007.

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Rooyen, Pieter Van. Space-Time Processing for Cdma Mobile Communications. Springer, 2010.

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Rooyen, Pieter van, Michiel P. Lötter, and Danie van Wyk. Space-Time Processing for CDMA Mobile Communications (THE KLUWER INTERNATIONAL SERIES IN ENGINEERING AND) (The Springer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science). Springer, 2000.

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Space-Time Communication Systems for Wireless Systems. John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2007.

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Space-Time Codes and MIMO Systems. Artech House Publishers, 2004.

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Seberry, Jennifer, Alfred Mertins, Le Chung Tran, and Tadeusz A. Wysocki. Complex Orthogonal Space-Time Processing in Wireless Communications. Springer, 2006.

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Space-time coding for broadband wireless communications. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Interscience, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Mobile communication systems. Space time codes"

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Loshakov, Valeriy, Mykola Moskalets, Dmytro Ageyev, Abdnoure Drif, and Konstantyn Sielivanov. "Adaptive Space-Time and Polarisation-Time Signal Processing in Mobile Communication Systems of Next Generations." In Data-Centric Business and Applications, 469–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43070-2_21.

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Galloway, Chris. "Mobile Public Relations Strategies." In Mobile Computing, 240–47. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-054-7.ch021.

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Public relations is about the “ethical and strategic management of communication and relationships” (Johnston & Zawawi, 2004, p. 6) with individuals and groups (“publics”) important to an organization. At one time such publics could safely be thought of in relatively static terms such as geographic location. This is, of course, still possible—but such fixed categories are of diminishing importance when it comes to building relationships with modern publics and communicating organizational messages to them. Even the motor vehicles that facilitate physical movement are becoming “smarter” and converging with technologies such as mobile telephony, personal entertainment systems and handheld computing (Sherry & Urry, 2000, as cited in Sheller, 2002). This article aims to explore the idea that mobile technologies mean PR practitioners must rethink both the notion of publics and also how to relate to them. A “mobile PR” will undermine takenfor- granted views about the nature of media, messages, and the kinds of relationships public relations people can expect to create on behalf of their clients. Many practitioners are still getting to grips with the online public relations they have known—through activities such as arranging the building of corporate Web sites, monitoring online discussions relevant to client interests and both disseminating company information online and responding to inquiries about it. The idea of an even more flexible communications environment enabled by mobile technologies may seem very daunting. No-one has so far worked out how to “do” PR in this new communications climate— there are no prescriptions or generally accepted approaches. Yet if practitioners do not confront the dilemma of how to reach mobile audiences they risk becoming irrelevant to many clients who must communicate in the mobile space or face unacceptable decay in their business.

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Jacquet, Philippe. "Space and Time Capacity in Dense Mobile Ad Hoc Networks." In Communication Networks and Computer Systems, 207–21. PUBLISHED BY IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS AND DISTRIBUTED BY WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING CO., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9781860948947_0012.

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Alqahtani, Ali. "Rateless Space-Time Block Codes for 5G Wireless Communication Systems." In The Fifth Generation (5G) of Wireless Communication. IntechOpen, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.74561.

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Cremonini, Marco, Ernesto Damiani, Sabrina Capitani di Vimercati, and Pierangela Samarati. "Security, Privacy, and Trust in Mobile Systems." In Information Security and Ethics, 2095–102. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-937-3.ch140.

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Access to general purpose information and communication technology (ICT) is not equally distributed on our planet: developed countries represent about 70% of all Internet users, while its percentage of Internet hosts has raised from 90% in 2000 to about 99% in 2002. Things change dramatically if we look at mobile and wireless technology: developing countries already represent about 40% of mobile connections in 2000, with a foreseen growth rate that is faster in developing countries than in developed ones in the period 2000-2005 (mainly due to India and the People’s Republic of China). This trend is driven by the new perspectives offered by mobile electronic technology applications that provide an alternative to poor telecommunication infrastructures still common in many developing countries. The technological evolution in wireless data communications is introducing a rich landscape of new services relying on three main technologies: • proximity (or personal) area networks (PANs), composed of personal and wearable devices capable of automatically setting up transient communication environments (also known as ad hoc networks); • wireless local area network technologies (WLANs); and • a third generation of mobile telecommunications (3G), gradually replacing General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) and the related set of technologies collectively called “2.5 Generation” (2.5G). PAN is a new technology bringing the “always connected” principle to the personal space. On the other hand, 3G systems and WLANs have coexisted for a while; what is new is their interconnection, aimed at decoupling terminals and applications from the access method. 3G mobile networks already provide video-capable bandwidth, global roaming for voice and data, and access to Internet-rich online content. Thanks to their increasing integration, PANs, WLANs, and 3G networks will extend the user’s connectivity in a complementary and hierarchical manner; in the fullness of time, they will provide all the functionalities of an Integrated Services Multimedia Network (ISMN), enabling a whole set of new business models and applications. The fusion of these technologies will eventually result in an ultimate ubiquitous wireless system that will be operated from anywhere, including homes, business locations, vehicles, and even commercial aircrafts. However, although wireless communications provide great flexibility and mobility, they often come at the expense of security. Indeed, wireless communications rely on open and public transmission media that expose new vulnerabilities in addition to the security threats found in wired networks. A number of specific open issues and even inherent dangers, some of which had been already identified and described in the early stages of wireless technology adoption, are yet to be solved (Howard, 2000). For instance, with wireless communications, important and vital information is often placed on a mobile device that is vulnerable to theft and loss. In addition, information is transmitted over the unprotected airwaves, and finally, 3G networks are getting smaller and more numerous, causing opportunities for hackers and other abusers to increase.

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Shah, Hardip K., Tejal N. Parmar, Nikhil Kothari, and K. S. Dasgupta. "Performance Evaluation of Full Diversity QOSTBC MIMO Systems with Multiple Receive Antenna." In Applications and Developments in Grid, Cloud, and High Performance Computing, 274–84. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2065-0.ch018.

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Multipath fading is inherent in wireless communication systems. Diversity is the technique which takes advantage of multipath to mitigate the effect of fading and increase signal strength. Space Time Block codes (STBC) are used in MIMO systems to improve the performance by maximizing transmit and/or receive diversity. Among different schemes based on STBC, Quasi Orthogonal Space Time Block Code (QOSTBC) is able to achieve full rate transmission for more than two transmit antennas. Constellation Rotation QOSTBC (CR-QOSTBC) achieves full diversity and improves performance further along with full rate, to overcome the limitation of QOSTBC, which is unable to maintain orthogonality amongst the codes transmitted by different antennas. Higher diversity can be achieved by increasing uncorrelated paths between transmitter and receivers using higher number of receive antennas. This paper examines improvement in BER with reference to a number of receive antennas. Simulations were carried out under ideal as well as realistic environments, using least square technique with four antennas at transmitter side and variable receive antennas. Results of simulations presented in this paper indicate performance improvement of CR-QOSTBC over QOSTBC in flat fading channel environment. Simulation results also show performance degradation in BER when channel is estimated at the receiver.

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Liu, Qunying, Haifeng Zeng, Shaojian Ni, Bowen Li, Jingsong Meng, and Yiguo Zhang. "Design of Power Grid Intelligent Patrol Operation and Maintenance System Based on Multi-Rotor UAV Systems." In Studies in Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics. IOS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/saem200011.

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Complex geographical conditions and bad weather have caused great difficults to inspect transmission line of power grids. This work aims to develop a micro multi-rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) system for inspecting power grid. The proposed system integrates with an intelligent robot and mobile communication networks. The high-resolution aerial images of the inspection line can be obtained to improve the operational efficiency and safety. The time period from the front-end signal acquisition to terminal decoding and playback is 1.5s for condition-based maintenance. The system supports TDD-LTE, FDD-LTE, WCDMA, CDMA2000, and other network standards. It also supports the video input signals with the resolution of standard 576i, HD 720p, FHD 1080i, and FHD 1080p. It is compatible with a variety of transmission formats and codes, help to achieve timely, comprehensive and efficient high-resolution aerial image acquisition of patrol lines, and improve operational efficiency and safety, real-time monitoring and condition-based maintenance of power transmission lines.

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Dudás, I. "Anycast-Based Mobility." In Encyclopedia of Mobile Computing and Commerce, 51–56. IGI Global, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-002-8.ch009.

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We have entered the new millennium with two great inventions, the Internet and mobile telecommunication, and a remarkable trend of network evolution toward convergence of these two achievements. It is an evident step to combine the advantages of the Internet and the mobile communication methods together in addition to converge the voice and data into a common packet-based and heterogeneous network infrastructure. To provide interworking, the future systems have to be based on a universal and widespread network protocol, such as Internet protocol (IP) which is capable of connecting the various wired and wireless networks (Macker, Park, & Corson, 2001).However, the current version of IP has problems in mobile wireless networks; the address range is limited, IPv4 is not suitable to efficiently manage mobility, support real-time services, security, and other enhanced features. The next version, IPv6 fixes the problems and also adds many improvements to IPv4, such as extended address space, routing, quality of service, security (IPSec), network autoconfiguration and integrated mobility support (Mobile IPv6).Today’s IP communication is mainly based on unicast (one-to-one) delivery mode. However it is not the only method in use: other delivery possibilities, such as broadcast (one-to-all), multicast (one-to-many) and anycast (one-to-one-of-many) are available. Partridge, Mendez, and Milliken (1993) proposed the host anycasting service for the first time in RFC 1546. The basic idea behind the anycast networking paradigm is to separate the service identifier from the physical host, and enable the service to act as a logical entity of the network. This idea of anycasting can be achieved in different layers (e.g., network and application layers) and they have both strengths and weaknesses as well. We focus on network-layer anycasting in this article, where a node sends a packet to an anycast address and the network will deliver the packet to at least one, and preferably only one of the competent hosts. This approach makes anycasting a kind of group communication in that a group of hosts are specified for a service represented by an anycast address and underlying routing algorithms are supposed to find out the appropriate destination for an anycast destined packet.

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Nagata, F., T. Yamashiro, N. Kitahara, A. Otsuka, K. Watanabe, and Maki K. Habib. "Self Control and Server-Supervisory Control for Multiple Mobile Robots, and its Applicability to Intelligent DNC System." In Computational Methods for Optimizing Manufacturing Technology, 67–84. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0128-4.ch003.

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Multiple mobile robots with six PSD (Position Sensitive Detector) sensors are designed for experimentally evaluating the performance of two control systems. They are self-control mode and server-supervisory control mode. The control systems are considered to realize swarm behaviors such as Ligia exotica. This is done by using only information of PSD sensors. Experimental results show basic but important behaviors for multiple mobile robots. They are following, avoidance, and schooling behaviors. The collective behaviors such as following, avoidance, and schooling emerge from the local interactions among the robots and/or between the robots and the environment. The objective of the study is to design an actual system for multiple mobile robots, to systematically simulate the behaviors of various creatures who form groups such as a school of fish or a swarm of insect. Further, the applicability of the server-supervisory control scheme to an intelligent DNC (Direct Numerical Control) system is briefly considered for future development. DNC system is an important peripheral apparatus, which can directly control NC machine tools. However, conventional DNC systems can neither deal with various information transmitted from different kinds of sensors through wireless communication nor output suitable G-codes by analyzing the sensors information in real time. The intelligent DNC system proposed at the end of the chapter aims to realize such a novel and flexible function with low cost.

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Torrisi-Steele, Geraldine. "Theoretical Foundations for Educational Multimedia." In Encyclopedia of Multimedia Technology and Networking, Second Edition, 1391–98. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-014-1.ch188.

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The notion of using technology for educational purposes is not new. In fact, it can be traced back to the early 1900s during which time school museums were used to distribute portable exhibits. This was the beginning of the visual education movement that persisted through the 1930s as advances in technology such as radio and sound motion pictures continued. The training needs of World War II stimulated serious growth in the audiovisual instruction movement. Instructional television arrived in the 1950s, but had little impact, mainly due to the expense of installing and maintaining systems. The advent of computers in the 1950s laid the foundation for CAI (computer assisted instruction) through the 1960s and 1970s. However, it was not until the 1980s that computers began to make a major impact in education (Reiser, 2001). Early applications of computer resources included the use of primitive simulation. These early simulations had little graphic capabilities and did little to enhance the learning experience (Munro, 2000). Since the 1990s, there have been rapid advances in computer technologies in the area of multimedia production tools, delivery, and storage devices. Throughout the 1990s, numerous CD-ROM educational multimedia software was produced and was used in educational settings. More recently, the advent of the World Wide Web (WWW), together with the emergence of mobile devices and wireless networking, has opened a vast array of possibilities for the use of multimedia technologies and associated information and communications technologies (ICT) to enrich the learning environment. Today, educational institutions are investing considerable effort and money into the use of multimedia. The use of multimedia technologies in educational institutions is seen as necessary for keeping education relevant to the twenty-first century (Selwyn & Gordard, 2003). The term “multimedia” as used in this article refers any technologies which make possible “the entirely digital delivery of content presented by using an integrated combination of audio, video, images (twodimensional, three-dimensional) and text” along with the capacity to support user interaction (Torrisi-Steele, 2004, p. 24). Multimedia may be delivered on computer via CD-ROM, DVD, the Internet, or on other devices such as mobile phones and personal digital assistants, or any digital device capable of supporting interactive and integrated delivery of digital audio, video, image, and text data. The notion of interaction in educational multimedia may be viewed from two perspectives. First, interaction may be conceptualised in terms of “the capacity of the system to allow individual to control the pace of presentation and to make choices about which pathways are followed to move through the content; and the ability of the system to accept input from the user and provide appropriate feedback to that input” (Torrisi- Steele, 2004, p. 24). Second, given the integration of multimedia with communication technologies, interaction may be conceptualized as communication among individuals (teacher-learner and learner(s)-learner(s)) in the learning space that is made possible by technology (e-mail, chat, video-conferencing, threaded discussion groups, and so on).

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Conference papers on the topic "Mobile communication systems. Space time codes"

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Yinggang Du and Kam Tai Chan. "Enhanced space time block coded systems by concatenating turbo product codes." In Proceedings of the IEEE 6th Circuits and Systems Symposium on Emerging Technologies: Frontiers of Mobile and Wireless Communication (IEEE Cat. No.04EX710). IEEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/casset.2004.1321972.

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Xiaoli Yu and Runhe Qiu. "Orthogonal space-time block codes in MIMO-OFDM cognitive radio communication system." In IET International Communication Conference on Wireless Mobile and Computing (CCWMC 2011). IET, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2011.0857.

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Sterian, Corneliu Eugen D., Yuanyuan Ma, Huaqiang He, Matthias Patzöld, and Ion Bănică. "Super-orthogonal space-time trellis codes with differential phase modulation for noncoherent mobile communication systems." In 2010 Third International Conference on Communications and Electronics (ICCE 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icce.2010.5670717.

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Mavares, Dimas, and Rafael P. Torres. "Space-time Code Selection for Transmit Antenna Diversity Systems." In 2006 First Mobile Computing and Wireless Communication International Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcwc.2006.4375201.

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Zhuo Wu, Xin Wang, and Liang Zhou. "Successive interference cancellation for space-time block coded cellular systems." In IET International Communication Conference on Wireless Mobile & Computing (CCWMC 2009). IET, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2009.1875.

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Fu-Te Hsu and Hsuan-Jung Su. "Linear dispersion space-time codes for multiuser systems with low decoding complexity." In 2008 IEEE 19th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2008.4699685.

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F. De Almeida, Andre, Gerard Favier, Charles Cavalcante, and Joao M. Mota. "Tensor-Based Space-Time Multiplexing Codes for MIMO-OFDM Systems with Blind Detection." In 2006 IEEE 17th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2006.253943.

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Al-Ghadhban, S., and S. A. Zummo. "Multi-user scheduling schemes for multi-layered space time coded systems." In IET International Communication Conference on Wireless Mobile & Computing (CCWMC 2009). IET, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2009.1997.

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Wang, Chun-Ting. "Particle-Swarm-Optimization-Based Minimum-BER Detection for MIMO Systems with Time-Reversal Space-Time Block Codes." In 2008 4th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wicom.2008.93.

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Sterian, Corneliu Eugen D., and Ion Banica. "A new method of decoding space-time trellis codes using differential M-PSK for noncoherent mobile communication systems." In 2010 8th International Conference on Communications (COMM). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccomm.2010.5509034.

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