Dissertations / Theses: 'Mobile-Money'

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Greenacre, Jonathan. "The regulation of mobile money." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6e559504-ac6f-47ac-8a32-c0030f963d3f.

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This thesis examines the regulation of 'mobile money'. This is an electronic payment and storage service provided by phone companies ('mobile money firms' or 'MM firms'). The first mobile money service, M-Pesa, was launched in Kenya in 2007. Since then, mobile money has spread rapidly throughout the developing world, particularly across Africa. A novel feature of mobile money is its ability to serve large numbers of people who do not have bank accounts, commonly labelled 'the unbanked'. The thesis offers a framework, based on a functional approach, to analyse the key regulatory and policy issues that arise when customersâ funds are stored and transferred within mobile money platforms. The objectives of this framework are drawn from traditional financial regulation, such as financial stability and consumer protection, and 'financial inclusion', which involves connecting the unbanked to formal, electronic payment and storage functions. The thesis makes three main claims. First, mobile money operates as a shadow retail deposit system. Mobile money is 'shadow' because a customer contracts with a non-banking firm. It is 'retail' because the system meets the payment needs of individuals for ordinary transactions. And the service is a 'deposit' system because a mobile money account provides payment and storage functions which are functionally equivalent to a bank deposit. Second, mobile money provides these payment and storage functions, functionally equivalent to a bank deposit, through a different legal structure to that used by a bank to provide deposit account services. This structure, which is established through private ordering, comprises a set of mechanisms by which the MM firm (the 'agent' in the service) and its associates credibly commit to safeguard the funds of the mobile money customers (the 'principals') for the purposes of providing payment and storage functions. Collectively, these commitments require the MM firm to maintain a 1:1 relationship between cash received from customers, which is stored within the system as highly liquid assets, and 'e-money' which customers use in the mobile money service. As a result, mobile money customers face primarily operational risks, usually without the credit and liquidity risks associated with banking. Third, public ordering can increase the efficiency of MM firms' commitments in addressing risks in mobile money platforms through adopting an 'active' approach to regulation. In this approach, the policymaker monitors a greater range of risks and more closely than what might be expected in other comparable principal-agent relationships, such as retail investors and financial intermediaries, and depositors and banks. This approach is appropriate because unbanked customers are likely to face significant information asymmetries with MM firms and coordination problems amongst themselves. This means they are unlikely to effectively monitor a range of risks to the service caused by the MM firm and its associates.

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Tveten, Thomas Moltke-H. "How to make money on mobile applications." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for telematikk, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-25928.

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The number of mobile applications grows exponential fast with 1,000 new applications published each day, and 1 million already available. The competition among applications is fierce, but the applications that become popular generates large revenues. One example is WhatsApp, which was acquired by Facebook in 2014 for $19 billion. The application market is a winner-take-all market, that everyone can participate in by developing their own application. There is no cost in terms of money to develop an application, and thus developers only need to risk their own time. The aim of this thesis is to gain an understanding of the mobile application market, and to analyze it from a business perspective. It is especially one topic this thesis elaborates, and that is the analysis of the self-developed application in relation to the application market. There are three main subjects that are analyzed associated with this topic, and are as followed.1. The developing and marketing of mobile applications.2. A complete business model for mobile applications3. The impact of network externalities influencing mobile applications.1. In order to do an in-depth analysis of the main factors influencing applications, I developed and analyzed my own mobile application. During the development I obtained experiences of the vast amount of time and effort behind the development of applications, and the factors that need to be present in order to meet the users’ needs. When the application was finished, I conducted an extensive marketing through advertising on Facebook. During the marketing the application became ranked as the 26th most popular application on the Norwegian App Store, and the 2nd most popular word game. Due to the application’s popularity, I was interviewed by the newspaper Byavisa, the TV channel TV2, and in the book Mobile App Growth Hacks. The the- sis presents an analysis of the effect from the marketing and the various interviews, along with the effect from other marketing channels utilized. The primary finding in relation to this topic, is the large effect marketing has on the application’s popularity and the application’s ability to acquire new users. This indicates the importance of marketing for applications that struggle to be noticed.2. The thesis presents a complete business model for the self-developed application by using Osterwalder’s business model ontology. The business model examines how applications create value to their target customers, and provides an in-depth analysis of the self-developed application’s cost structure and how it generates revenue. The main findings in relation to the business model, is the large impact the application’s user activity has on the revenue generated, and that the revenue subsidizes the costs to a large extent.3. An extensive analysis of the networks externalities influencing the self-developed application is performed. The analysis presents the large influence network externalities have on applications’ ability to maintain existing users, and acquire new. Due to the network externalities, this may lead to an exponential increase or decrease in the application’s popularity. By applying a modified epidemiological model on the self-developed application, the application’s network externalities are modeled. The model is calculated based on the application’s user activity and the effect from the network externalities, and thus provides mathematical equations that can be used by developers to gain more control over the effects.There are three other findings in this thesis worth noting. First, the psychology in applications are one of the key factors to increase applications’ user activity, and thus the revenue. The application’s psychology increases users’ desire to continue using the app, by focusing on users’ emotions and behavior. Second, there are five key performance indicators that analyze the application’s strengths and weaknesses in order to increase users’ engagement, and thus increase the application’s revenue by focusing on its most profitable customers. Third, the application’s popularity are primarily determined by the application’s extent of the Word of Mouth concept. Word of Mouth is basically passing of information from person to person by oral or digital communication. In the application market, this occurs when people share their opinion about an application to others. The effect from the concept is large, and has to be present in order for an application to maintain its popularity.

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Chitsime, Collin Brian Sukali. "Mobile Money Payments as Vehicles for Money Laundering: A Case Study of Malawi." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5706.

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Magister Legum - LLM (Criminal Justice and Procedure)
Money laundering is defined as the process of converting the proceeds derived from a wide range of underlying criminal offences, called predicate offences, to apparently legitimate property. In other words, it is the process of washing away the stain of illegality from the proceeds of crime in order to give them the appearance of legality. In fact, the nomenclature of the practice itself was inspired by America�s notorious gangster Al Capone�s practice of channelling the proceeds of his criminal enterprise through his laundromats in order to cloak their illegality so as to endow them with an appearance of legality. The crime of money laundering has been a scourge on the economies of the world, hence it has become a crime of international concern. The international community has developed numerous international treaty norms obligating states to criminalise money laundering. These norms, when incorporated into national legislation, are expected to serve as the legal basis not only for national prosecution of money laundering offences but also for international mutual legal assistance in AML (for example, international co-operation in the confiscation of criminal proceeds and extradition of money launderers).

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Mitchell, Corin Sebastian. "The opportunities and challenges of promoting inclusive financial services through mobile money : the case of MTN mobile money in Uganda." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21784.

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Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.
Perhaps the African equivalent to the industrial revolution is the mobile revolution we’ve witnessed over the past decade. Specifically the innovation and extraordinary growth of mobile money, mobile technology platforms and ongoing service offerings to millions of otherwise mostly precluded people. The potential for these technologies coupled with latent untapped user demand across sub-Saharan Africa to catalyse investment, crowd in competition and financial service providers and as a result push financial inclusion through access and use, is vast. Link these reasons with the ever sought after global demand for ‘increase in shareholder value’ and it can easily be seen why mobile operators are continuously expanding, partnering with banks and predominantly expanding in emerging and frontier markets in sub-Saharan Africa. This research report explores MTN MobileMoney in Uganda as the case in point; possibly one of the most exciting and rapidly growing platforms in Africa. The research reveals that whilst profitable, it is a very competitive business with tight margins. Continuous education is critical if people from all walks of life are truly to benefit and scale is to be reached to make it even more profitable when servicing the ‘unbanked’ and bottom of the pyramid. Uganda and other countries too, should think strategically about introducing national identity documents, or equivalent, to ensure they maximise the potential ease and reach of technology that can have real and relevant development benefits to people – especially the under-served and poor. Not doing so merely serves as disadvantageous. Broader benefits of mobile money and mobile transactions go far beyond purely the individual user, and include the country’s economy as a whole, providing convenience to corporate as well as small businesses and individuals – the anywhere, anytime factors. Benefits accrue to businesses, and to government, in terms of cost efficiencies and paying large numbers of staff, increased safety and security in a less cash dependent economy. There is significant local and international demand for innovation and new product offerings, driving mobile operators globally and in emerging and frontier markets in particular. There are a number of key factors that make mobile money a commercial success; it’s not just about churn reduction. These factors are explained and explored in this research report. Specifically when data was gathered from MobileMoney users there were no immediate or unexpected surprises. However, what was striking and reassuring was the positive attitude and experience of users, as well as what appears to be latent demand for more services and users’ trust in MTN to provide these.

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Thatho, Teboho. "Mobile Money and Financial Inclusion: Evidence from Lesotho." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33050.

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This study seeks to examine the relationship between mobile money and financial inclusion in Lesotho in order to assess the viability of mobile money as a tool for advancing Lesotho's financial inclusion agenda. The study uses a number of deposit bank accounts as a proxy for financial inclusion (FI) and a dependent variable in three vector autoregression (VAR) bivariate models. Each of the three mobile money variables; number of mobile money registered accounts (MMC), number of agents (MMA) and volumes of mobile money transactions (MMT) are regressed against financial inclusion to investigate the relationship with each. The results indicate that among the three proxies of mobile money, only two have a relationship with financial inclusion: MMC and MMT. MMA does not show any relationship with financial inclusion. The relationship between FI and MMT is one-way from FI to MMT, which is not important for the purpose of this study. The MMC relationship with FI is the opposite of that of MMT and FI. There is a positive causal relationship from MMC to FI, indicating the positive influence of mobile money accounts of financial inclusion. The paper recommends that the government of Lesotho creates an enabling regulatory environment that supports the adoption and growth of mobile money in order to improve financial inclusion.

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Fallah, Milad, and Johanna Luo. "Mobile Money in developing markets : What should Mobile Money providers consider when trying to drive activity from the already registered user base?" Thesis, KTH, Hållbarhet och industriell dynamik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-148810.

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For the past decade, there has been many innovations made to the mobile phone and new features such as payments have been added to the mobile phone’s capabilities. East Africa is the region with the fastest uptake and highest adoption rates of mobile money in the world. Despite the success, the amount of active users of mobile money is still low in comparison to the number of registered users. The purpose of this master thesis is to analyze what mobile money providers should consider when trying to drive activity from the already registered user base. The main theoretical concept that was used is resource-based view and the analytical framework is an importance-effort matrix. The empirical study consisted of in-depth interviews with key experts and stakeholders from the mobile money industry. Most of the interviews were face-to-face interviews during a research trip to Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. The findings were then reviewed during the Mobile Money Africa 2014 conference in South Africa. This thesis has identified a number of reasons for low user activity of the registered user base together with strategies that has the potential to tackle them. In order to drive activity, it is important for the service provider to understand and consider what that is desired and required to possess in terms of tangible, intangible and human resources to be able to successfully implement and run the identified strategies. The study concludes that tangible resources (physical and financial resources) are of great important for enabling success of most of the identified strategies whereas intangible (intellectual property, reputation and culture) and human (skills and knowledge, communication and interaction, and motivation) resources have great variance of importance.
Under det senaste decenniet har det skett många innovationer till mobiltelefonen och nya funktioner som mobilbetalningar har lagts till. Östafrika är den region med den snabbast växande adoptionen och högsta utnyttjandegraden av mobilbetalningar i världen. Trots regionens framgångar är det dock fortfarande få aktiva användare av mobilbetalningar i förhållande till antalet registrerade användare. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att analysera vad mobilbetalningsleverantörer bör tänka på när man försöker driva aktivitet från den registrerade användarbas. Det teoretiska ramverket har byggts huvudsakligen på resource-based view och den analytiska modell som används är en viktighet-instats-matris. Den empiriska studien bestod av ingående intervjuer med nyckelpersoner och intressenter från mobilbetalningsindustrin. Majoriteten av intervjuerna utfördes på plats med intervjuobjekten under en forskningsresa till Kenya, Uganda och Tanzania. Resultaten utvärderades därefter under Mobile Money Africa 2014 konferensen i Sydafrika. Denna studie har identifierat ett antal anledningar som orsakar låg användaraktivitet av den registrerade användarbasen och strategier som har möjlighet att angripa dessa anledningar. För att driva aktivitet, är det viktigt att mobilbetalningsleverantörerna förstår vad för materiella, immateriella och mänskliga resurser som är önskvärda samt krävs för att framgångsrikt kunna genomföra och driva de identifierade strategierna. I studien dras slutsatsen att materiella resurser (fysiska och finansiella resurser) är av stor betydelse för att möjliggöra framgång av de flesta identifierade strategier medan viktigheten för immateriella (immaterialrätt, rykte och kultur) och mänskliga (kompetens och kunskap, kommunikation och interaktion, och motivation) resurser varierar.

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Kappelin, Frida, and Jimmie Rudvall. "Fraud Detection within Mobile Money : A mathematical statistics approach." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för datalogi och datorsystemteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-10898.

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Context: Today it is easy to do banking transaction digitally, both on a computer or by using a mobile phone. As the banking-services increases and gets implemented to multi-platforms it makes it easier for a fraudster to commit financial fraud. This thesis will focus on investigating log-files from a Mobile Money system that makes it possible to do banking transactions with a mobile phone. Objectives: The objectives in this thesis is to evaluate if it is possible to combine two statistical methods, Benford's law together with statistical quantiles, to find a statistical way to find fraudsters within a Mobile Money system. Methods: Rules was extracted from a case study with focus on a Mobile Money system and limits was calculated by using quantiles. A fraud detector was implemented that use these rules together with limits and Benford's law in order to detect fraud.The fraud detector used the methods both independently and combined.The performance was then evaluated. Results: The results show that it is possible to use the Benford's law and statistical quantiles within the studied Mobile Money system. It is also shown that there is only a very small difference when the two methods are combined or not both in detection rate and accuracy precision. Conclusions: We conclude that by combining the chosen methods it is possible to get a medium-high true positive rates and very low false positive rates. The most effective method to find fraudsters is by only using quantiles. However, combining Benford's law with quantiles gives the second best result.

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Caballero, Luis (Luis Alberto Caballero Parra). "Strategic analysis of mobile money ventures in Developing countries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/72969.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2012.
"June 2012." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-84).
Mobile money services are spreading rapidly in many developed and developing countries across the world. Whereas in developed economies these new services are seen as a way to make current services more functional and convenient, in the developing world their relevance in the process providing access to financial services to the poorest segments of the population is welcomed and encouraged by the international development community. The spread of mobile money is seen as a catalyst for financial inclusion and the speed at which these services become available will be partly due to the stakeholders' capacity for implementing them. Mobile money projects have new been launched across many developing nations, targeting the opportunity of a common phenomenon: a gap between the high penetration of mobile services and the low penetration of financial services. The measure of success of those ventures has been mixed, with hallmark cases rapidly reaching over 10% of the population and other cases being discontinued or re-launched in the face of failure. The history of the development of such projects highlights several lessons for current and future stakeholders. First, an industry context with high demand and low-enough penetration of financial services, together with a thriving and innovative telecommunications industry seems to be conductive to success. Second, a favorable regulatory environment in which regulators allow telecom operators, banks and small and medium-sized companies to experiment with different models to provide mobile money to the masses is advisable for avoiding roadblocks for growth. Third, success will partly depend on the service provider's capacity to develop a far-reaching ecosystem of merchants, agents, banks and other partners in order to achieve ubiquity. Lastly, services with strong network effects such as domestic remittances can deliver faster growth than others, seeding the scale needed to offer more complex financial services over mobile money platforms.
by Luis Caballero.
S.M.

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Ritzén, Isabella, and Jasmin Hussein. "Mobile Money and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-176407.

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Financial inclusion play a key role for a country's economic growth for poverty eradication and multiple studies have been made on how to achieve it. With a cellphone as the most accessible technology, it enables pervasively unbanked people to pay bills, save, withdraw and deposit money. In this study we aim to analyze if mobile money has an impact on economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) since it has expanded significantly and is used by nearly half a billion people in SSA. We divided SSA into four regions and used panel data to examine the impact over seven years (2012-2018). Mobile money is divided into three variables: active agents, active accounts, and total transactions in relationship to GDP per capita. Because of the difference in mobile money usage between the regions we divide all three components with the region's population. We conclude that total transactions have a small but positive and significant impact on economic growth while active accounts and active agents shows a positive but insignificant result. In our analysis we proceed to discuss different factors of mobile money that can contribute to a positive impact on economic growth such as remittances and interest-bearing accounts.

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Persson, Johan, and Andreas Torbiörnsson. "Banking the Unbanked – The Case of Mobile Money in Nepal." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-125614.

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This thesis investigates ICT diffusion in the context of developing countries, morespecifically in the case of Mobile Money in the Asian country Nepal. Mobile Moneyhas recently emerged in Nepal and has the potential to improve the lives of millions.The aim of the thesis was to examine the dominant business models in Nepal and thebarriers and drivers for the future diffusion of Mobile Money in Nepal. This was donethrough a case study consisting of a field study in Nepal and an extensive literaturereview in the field of ICT diffusion and Mobile Money. Interviews with stakeholdersin the Mobile Money business ecosystem, observations and databases fromorganizations such as the World Bank were used as data sources. The results showthat there are both barriers and drivers for Mobile Money and that the attitudes ofinstitutions, in this case the central bank, have a high impact on diffusion. The introduction of a technology into a new context was affirmed to be a complex,multi-dimensional process. However, in the case of Nepal, one of the solutions couldbe to improve institutional attitudes and make the regulations more accommodating.
Detta examensarbete undersöker spridningen av informations- och kommunikationsteknik(ICT) i utvecklingsländer. Fallet som undersöks är ‘Mobile Money’ i Nepal.‘Mobile Money’ har nyligen introducerats i Nepal och har potentialen att förbättralivet för miljontals människor. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka dedominerande affärsmodellerna i Nepal samt vilka drivkrafter och hinder det finns föratt ‘Mobile Money’ ska spridas inom landet. För att möta syftet genomfördes enfältstudie i Nepal tillsammans med en omfattande litteraturstudie inom ICT spridningoch ‘Mobile Money’. Intervjuer med intressenter inom ‘Mobile Money’,observationer samt information från databaser från t.ex. Världsbanken har använtssom datakällor. Resultaten av studien visar att det finns både hinder och drivkrafterför ‘Mobile Money’ i Nepal och att inställningen hos landets institutioner, i detta fallCentralbanken, har en stor påverkan på spridningen. Införandet av teknik i en ny kontext, eller land i detta fall, visade sig vara en komplex,multidimensionell process. En lösning i Nepal skulle dock kunna vara att förbättraden institutionella attityden och göra regleringarna mer tillmötesgående.

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Ky, Serge. "Essays on the rise of mobile financial technology in developing countries and its impact on individual financial behaviors." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0077/document.

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Cette thèse étudie les déterminants de l'adoption des services financiers par téléphonie mobile et ses conséquences sur les comportements financiers individuels dans les pays en développement. Elle est composée de trois chapitres/articles auto-référents. Le premier chapitre étudie l'adoption croissante des services financiers par téléphonie mobile dans les pays en développement en distinguant mobile money (utilisation du mobile pour accéder à des services financiers) et mobile banking (services financiers liés à un compte bancaire accessibles par téléphonie mobile) et en confrontant l'Afrique Sub-Saharienne aux autres pays en développement. L'étude montre que le mobile money est plus répandu que le mobile banking dans les pays en développement mais plus encore en Afrique Sub-Saharienne. Les déterminants de son adoption sont liés aux facteurs macroéconomiques, à l'étendue des services financiers et des activités d'intermédiation du secteur bancaire dans chaque pays et surtout de l'ampleur des transferts d'argent des migrants. Le chapitre 2 analyse l'impact de l'adoption du mobile money sur le comportement individuel d'épargne à partir de données d'une enquête de terrain menée au Burkina Faso en 2014. En distinguant l'épargne selon qu'elle est constitué pour des événements prévisibles ou non, les résultats montrent que le mobile money a un impact favorable sur l'épargne lorsqu'elle est destinée à faire face à des événements imprévisibles et plus particulièrement à d'éventuels problèmes de santé. Les résultats plus précis révèlent que ce sont en fait les groupes défavorisés à qui le mobile money permet effectivement de développer cette capacité d'épargne, la sécurité et la possibilité de transferts d'argent dans la sous-région apparaissent comme les principaux facteurs explicatifs. Le chapitre 3 exploite ces données d'enquête en étudiant l'impact de l'adoption du mobile money sur l'utilisation des services financiers traditionnels (formels et informels). L'analyse montre que les utilisateurs du mobile money le privilégient pour effectuer leurs dépôts grâce aux avantages qu'il apporte en termes d'accès, de coût, de liquidité et de confidentialité par rapport aux services financiers traditionnels. Cependant, l'étude révèle que l'utilisation du mobile money renforce l'accès des usagers des services financiers informels et des groupes défavorisés à la fois aux banques et aux caisses d'épargne
This dissertation investigates determinants of mobile financial technology adoption and its consequences on individual financial behaviors in developing countries. It is structured around three chapters/self-contained papers. The first chapter explores the growing adoption of mobile financial technology in developing countries by distinguishing mobile money (use of a mobile phone to access financial services) from mobile banking (access of banking services using a mobile phone) and setting Sub-Saharan Africa against other developing countries. The results show that mobile money adoption dominates mobile banking in developing countries especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. Determinants of its adoption include macroeconomic factors, outreach of financial services, banking sector intermediation activities and especially remittances. The second chapter analyzes the impact of mobile money adoption on individual saving behavior by using individual-level survey data that we designed and conducted in 2014 in Burkina Faso. By distinguishing saving for predictable events from that for unpredictable events, the findings show that mobile money has a positive impact only on saving for unpredictable events especially saving for health emergencies. Precisely, the results show that disadvantaged groups who use mobile money are likely to save for health emergencies, and that safety and the availability of money transfers within the sub-region appear as factors that may explain the use of mobile money to save for health emergencies. The third chapter exploits the same survey data to analyze the impact of mobile money adoption on the usage of traditional (formal and informal) financial services. The results show that mobile money is preferred for deposits over traditional financial services because of the convenience that it provides in terms of relative access, risk, liquidity and privacy. Interestingly, the results reveal that the use of mobile money brings participants in informal deposit mechanisms and disadvantaged groups toward banks and credit unions

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Ruh, Carolyn. "The Impact of Mobile Money on Saving in Sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, Boston College, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107394.

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Thesis advisor: S. Anukriti
Since the launch of M-PESA in 2007, mobile money has created the potential to increase financial inclusion by providing a safe and convenient place to store wealth. This paper analyzes the impact of mobile money on savings practices in Sub-Saharan Africa. Using 2015 survey data from Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania, I find that mobile money account holders are 10.9 percent more likely to save than non-account holders, holding constant other characteristics. Mobile money has a positive and significant impact on saving for daily consumption, for protection against income shocks, and for business and education investments. In addition, I find that mobile money is a complement to formal savings (bank accounts) and a substitute for informal savings. By increasing saving, mobile money better enables individuals to rely on savings in the event of a negative income shock. These results are consistent with a policy agenda that promotes financial inclusion by increasing access to mobile technologies
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2017
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Departmental Honors
Discipline: Economics

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Mbugua, Moore. "M-PESA mobile money: a case study in Blue ocean strategy." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/15471.

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The recent and widespread availability of affordable mobile phone technology in developing countries has paved the way for the development of a number of mobile money and electronic remittance services. One of the most successful of these services is Safaricom’s M-PESA program, launched in the East African nation of Kenya in March 2007. Since then, the program has successfully enrolled over 15.2 million users, transferred more than US$1.4 trillion in electronic funds, and contributed significantly to poverty alleviation and financial inclusion efforts in Kenya. M-Pesa is a mobile phone based money transfer system in Kenya which grew at a blistering pace following its inception in 2007. This case study will analyze the critical factors that make M-PESA such a unique success in Kenya specifically.

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Nduna, Chipo. "Financial freedom in mobile money: the role of the central bank in Zimbabwe." University of Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7321.

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Magister Legum - LLM
This paper analyses how the Zimbabwean economic history has led to the perception and attitude of the population towards the financial industry. It has been blighted by extremes to the extent that in 2008 the Zimbabwe economy had one of the highest hyperinflation rate in the world. Pettinger sums up the hyperinflation journey of Zimbabwe as having begun in the 1990s shortly after the disastrous land reform. This is where private farms were grabbed from landowners and re-allocated to mostly peasant farmers who had no technical know-how in farming. It was also a time when the country was involved in an unbudgeted and unsolicited second Congo civil war necessitating that the Government increase salaries to cater for soldiers and other officials assigned to the Congo. Earlier on the government had buckled under pressure from former war liberators (war veterans) and paid out unbudgeted bonuses.

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Madise, Sunduzwayo. "The case of regulation of mobile money in Malaŵi : law and practice." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/96313/.

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The emergence of mobile money and other new forms of payment has changed the sovereign foundations of money. Starting as a DFID funded project in Kenya, mobile money has now spread to many countries including Malaŵi. This thesis looks at the regulatory issues that mobile money poses, and the risks that this alternative form of payment poses to the financial system. The thesis argues that the traditional regulatory architecture of supervising the financial services is ill-suited to supervise mobile money. There are essentially two models of mobile money: telco-led and bank-led. The first is an innovation by telecommunication operators and utilises the small messaging service. There is no requirement to own a bank account. The bank-led model is linked to a bank account. The regulatory approaches to these two models are different. Unlike the telco-led, the bank-led model is under prudential regulation. This has manifested itself in the way the services have developed. The telco-led model had thrived while the bank-led model has fizzled indicating that for mobile money, less regulation may be an enabler. Mobile money is now considered a key developmental tool to achieve financial inclusion among the poor, rural based, unbanked, and underbanked. As opposed to traditional additive forms of financial inclusion, mobile money, especially the telco-led, is transformative. It employs a different approach where the consumer does not have to have a bank account or even travel to a bank to access financial services. In Malaŵi, the financial regulatory framework largely embodies the command and control model. Mobile money, however has largely been regulated using light-touch, with regulation following innovation. This thesis proposes an approach based on the concept of really responsive regulation. This approach, is best suited to embrace mobile money as it passes through the different phases of its evolution.

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Finlay, Peter. "The factors that create a successful mobile money ecosystem: Kenya vs Nigeria." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29085.

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This study set out to investigate factors affecting the adoption of mobile money services in Kenya and Nigeria. Using various models such as; the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Unified Technology Acceptance User Theory (UTAUT), Innovation Diffusion Process and demographic variables (age, sex, education level, access bank account, ownership of mobile phone, MM awareness) from datasets produced by Financial Inclusion Insights. This survey data is nationally representative for Nigeria with a sample of 6,001 adults aged 15 or older, both male and female and Kenya with a sample of 2,994 adults aged 15 or older, both male and female. The study employed the probit and logit regression model to examine the significant determining factors of mobile money adoption in Kenya and Nigeria. The results of the analysis revealed that the average respondent of the populations in both markets has access to a mobile phone and hence technology is not a limiting factor to the penetration of Mobile Money in both these markets. The primary limiting factor is due to low levels of financial education, literacy and access to microfinance. The average Nigerian respondent did not know about Mobile Money whereas the average Kenyan respondent knew something about Mobile Money. Additionally, in Kenya, the MM initiative was privately led by MNO's where in Nigeria the Central Bank controls the MM industry. From the logit and probit results, the study identifies that the following variables; (FF1) personally registered a bank account, (MM1) has the respondent heard of Mobile Money were significant determinants of MMU in Nigeria. While in Kenya; (DG1) age of respondent, (MM1) has the respondent heard of something called mobile money, (FF1) personally registered bank account were the significant determining factors affecting MMU. This study has therefore shown that, despite the lower penetration and absorption of mobile money services in Nigeria, factors that create a thriving MM ecosystem like that in Kenya are obtainable in Nigeria. If the Nigerian regulators were to change the political and financial framework and create a more accessible market Nigeria could look a lot like Kenya's MM ecosystem.

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Poiret, Juliette Clemence. "Mobile money and women empowerment in Sub-Saharan Africa: an exploratory study." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/17702.

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This research explores the relationship between the penetration of mobile money services and the state of women empowerment across 30 Sub-Saharan African countries. Our purpose is to determine whether fostering the development of mobile money can be a useful tool to reinforce women empowerment in developing countries. We perform an exploratory data analysis, as well as correlation and regression analyses, to assess the effect of mobile money services on women empowerment. In order to do that, we construct several mobile money variables and a women empowerment index, using national-level data collected through questionnaires addressed by the World Bank on selected samples. Our results show a positive yet moderate relationship, and pave the way for further research on this subject.
Esta dissertação analisa a relação entre a expansão dos serviços de mobile money e o empoderamento das mulheres na África Subsariana. O propósito é determinar se mobile money pode ser um instrumento útil para reforçar o empoderamento das mulheres dos países em desenvolvimento. Realizamos uma análise exploratória dos dados através de correlações e regressões para avaliar o efeito dos serviços de mobile money sobre o empoderamento das mulheres. Criamos diversas variáveis associadas os serviços de mobile money e um index do empoderamento das mulheres utilizando dados do Banco Mundial. Nossos resultados mostram uma relação positiva mas moderada, preparando caminho para outras pesquisas.

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Skogqvist, Jackline Mwende. "The effect of mobile money on savings behaviors of the financially excluded." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Nationalekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-38368.

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This study investigates whether the use of mobile money affects the savings patterns of individuals that are vulnerable to financial exclusion, that is, the low-income earners, low-educated, women and rural habitants. Studying the case of Kenya, this study uses data from the 2016 FinAccess Household Survey (N=8,665) that was designed to track and measure the drivers, growth and impact of mobile money use in Kenya. Logistic model and the 2SLS IV regression are used as the empirical estimation method for testing the statistical significance of the correlation between mobile money usage and the savings behaviors of the individuals. The results show that users of mobile money are 1.96 more likely to have a savings product than those that do not use mobile money, and that the propensity for users of mobile money to save for emergencies and for future events is 1.44 and 1.27 times higher, respectively, as compared to the non-users. These findings suggest that individuals that use mobile money perceive it as a trustworthy, efficient and reliable store of value especially making savings for future use. This analysis also finds statistically significant evidence suggesting that mobile money use significantly increases the propensity to save for individuals in demographic groups that are more susceptible to the unique challenges that lower accessibility to formal financial services. Therefore, by increasing the probability of individuals in the female, low income, low education and rural groups to save, mobile money fosters financial inclusion which is essential in the realization of the Sustainable Development Goals such as reducing poverty, increasing equality and sustained economic growth among others. In general, this study has specific policy implications for using mobile money as a device for increasing financial inclusion among the ‘unbanked’ population.

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Hoque, Md Mahfuzul. "Microfinance challenges and the potential benefits of blockchain technology and mobile money." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/228731/1/Md%20Mahfuzul_Hoque_Thesis.pdf.

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The thesis advances the understanding of blockchain applicability in the micro-lending setting. Adopting a qualitative approach based on interviews, this research reveals that blockchain can be used to create credible financial profiles for micro-borrowers that are likely to increase lenders’ trust. Moreover, the use of blockchain can lower borrowing costs for the poor. However, coordination complexities and the lack of a standard for sharing data among multiple participating organisations remain substantial challenges, preventing the diffusion of blockchain technology in microfinance.

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Sagara, Cheick Oumar. "Étude de la confiance dans les transactions « m-banking » : cas de « Orange money » au Mali." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100101/document.

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L’étude de la confiance dans le domaine des sciences de l’information et de la communication revêt une importance capitale pour cette discipline au carrefour des autres. Elle permet d’affiner mais aussi de compléter les connaissances pour une meilleure appréhension des phénomènes informationnels et communicationnels. La confiance du fait de sa nature jugée trop théorique, reste très peu mobilisée dans les recherches comme une variable explicative des phénomènes de l’information et de la communication.L’objectif de ce travail est de mesurer le niveau de confiance des utilisateurs dans « orange money ». Ce service de transaction monétaire par téléphone mobile fait désormais partie de la gamme des services proposés à la population malienne par la société de télécommunication Orange Mali. En vue d’atteindre cet objectif, un questionnaire a été administré auprès de 309 citadins dans le district de Bamako (Mali).Les résultats issus du traitement et de l’analyse des données collectées montrent que, les répondants ont un niveau élevé de confiance dans les transactions monétaires sur téléphone mobile. Cependant, il ressort de ces résultats une méfiance généralisée des participants à l’enquête à donner leurs informations personnelles à Orange Mali. L’ensemble de ces résultats sont interprétés dans un chapitre dédié.Le présent de thèse s’articule autour de dix chapitres. Il se compose de trois grandes parties dont la première est consacrée à la présentation des concepts théoriques de la confiance, le contexte économique et social. La deuxième partie se focalise sur l’analyse des données et l’interprétation des résultats de l’étude. La troisième partie est focalisée à la mise en perspectives des principaux résultats de ce travail
The study of trust in the field of information and communication science is of paramount importance in this discipline at the crossroad of others research field. It helps to refine and to supplement the knowledge to a better understanding of informational and communicational phenomena. Trust due to it theoretical aspects, is rarely mobilized in research as an explanatory variable in information and communication sciences.The objective of this work is to measure the level of trust of "Orange Money" users. This money transfer system based on mobile phone is now part of the range of services offered by the company of telecommunications Orange Mali to Malian populations. In order to achieve this, a questionnaire was administered to 309 citizens in the district of Bamako, the main city of Mali.Results from the processing of collected data show a high level of confidence of users in monetary transactions by mobile phone. However, the result shows a general distrust of survey participants to give their personal information to Orange Mali. All these results are interpreted in a dedicated chapter.The present thesis focuses on ten chapters organized into three parts: the first is devoted to the presentation of theoretical concepts on trust, economic and social context. The second part focuses on the analysis, processing and interpretation of data collected on our field survey. And finally, in the third part, we try to put into perspective the results

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Unyolo, Thokozani. "Building consumer mobile money adoption and trust in conditions where infrastructures are unreliable." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23059.

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Mobile money is gaining momentum in emerging markets as the solution to bank those who were previously unbanked. The number of people in Africa who have mobile phones is 644 million subscribers and has for a long time exceeded those who have bank accounts and access to formal financial services (Cobert, Helms,&Parker, 2012). About 2.5 billion adults, just over half of world’s adult population, do not use formal financial services to save or borrow, of this number 2.2 billion of these unserved adults live in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East (Chaia et al., 2009). This study sought to explore factors that will determine adoption of mobile money by adapting Venkatesh, Thong and Xu’s (2012) Unified Theory of Acceptance and Technology Use (UTAUT 2) research model to assess the drivers of behavioural intention. The model was extended by incorporating two additional constructs; trust and infrastructure reliability, which have been excluded in previous studies that have been done in developed countries. Further to this, the findings of this study will make a significant contribution to Information Systems (IS) research by identifying factors that influence technology adoption in a developing market context.This main aim of this quantitative research was to empirically discover the deeper motivations that affect the consumer behavioural intention and usage behaviour to use mobile money in Malawi. The value of this paper lies in the use of interviews to unveil new determinants of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Technology use in the adoption of mobile money in a developing market that influence behavioural intention and usage behaviour. The seven factors examined in this study are performance expectancy (PE), effort expectancy (EE), social influence (SI), facilitating conditions (FC), price value (PV), infrastructure reliability (IR), and trust (T) moderated by gender and age impact on technology adoption. The study sample consists of 508 respondents with a response rate of 84%.The findings indicate that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, trust, and price value were positively associated with consumer behavioural intention to use mobile money in Malawi. In addition, infrastructure reliability and social influence were found to have an insignificant effect on consumer behavioural intention to use mobile money.The research adds value on existing studies on technology adoption as it contributes to understanding disruptive technology from a consumer perspective in a developing market which has been excluded in previous research papers. Another value of this paper lies in the use of UTAUT 2 to identify a new construct, trust, as a determinant of mobile money adoption in a consumer perspective which is applicable in Malawi. In addition to this it enables us to contribute to current literature on the emerging mobile money market in Malawi, which is largely under researched.
Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted

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Nyaruwata, Tinashe. "Mobile Money Provision and Adaptation in a Multicurrency Economy: The Case of Zimbabwe." Thesis, University Of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29939.

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Mobile money has been regarded as a catalyst for financial inclusion in developing areas where traditional banking is limited. This research provides a critical assessment of the factors that facilitate or impede the provision of mobile money services in a fragile multicurrency economy, in particular, Zimbabwe. It explores how mobile money providers adapt to the fragility of the economy and what needs to be done to broaden mobile money uptake and performance in same environment. The study employs a qualitative and multiple case study approaches to understand mobile money business models in three mobile network operators in Zimbabwe. Research findings revealed that MNOs have developed MNO led approaches which are slowly migrating to collaborative models thereby greatly enhancing financial accessibility for the mass traditionally unbanked. With reference to the first sub question it was established that the multicurrency regime enabled remittance and withdrawals aspects of mobile money in Zimbabwe as during the 2016/2017 cash shortage era high demand in local and international money transfer was backed by the rise of a supportive role from the Central bank and Public Finance authorities. Most people were more favourable to mobile money transfers and banking which offered more control to customers since they negatively viewed traditional finance entities following a series of local bank collapses. On the downside, challenges of obtaining cash in the country that is illiquid reduced agent network and affected the confidence in mobile money deposits and withdrawals as mobile money customers were used to handling cash. In addition the lack of interoperations amongst the service providers significantly affected effective uptake of mobile banking. The research shows that use of collaborative approaches suggest the ability to adapt and adjust a model based on the prevailing conditions and customer needs and wants by MNOs. With reference to the third question it was recognised that mobile money can succeed in a multicurrency ecosystem when a focused and coordinated approach to fundamentals is applied to properly deal with the challenges that come with shifting from a cash economy to a digital ecosystem.

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Mohammed, Aliyu Mustapha. "Exploring the Relationship Between Mobile Money Development and Economic Growth: Evidence from Nigeria." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30486.

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There is growing enthusiasm about the role of mobile money in promoting economic growth and its contribution to poverty alleviation via opportunities for savings, credit, investments, and micro insurance. However, the link between mobile money and economic growth has yet to receive wide empirical examination in developing economies. The Nigerian government has embarked on various interventions, often associated with high costs, to promote the adoption of mobile money services. Whether or not these efforts link to economic growth can only be established through research. This study has aimed at exploring the nature of the relationship between mobile money development and economic growth in Nigeria. It has used a quarterly volume of mobile money transactions and real GDP as proxies for mobile money development and economic growth respectively. The study employed the ARDL bounds tests techniques by Pesaran, Shin, and Smith (2001), along with Augmented Dickey-Fuller tests and causality tests developed by Granger (1969) on time series data from Q12010 to Q42016. Data was obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria’s (CBN) statistics database and the Nigerian National Bureau of Statistics. Evidence of a long run relationship between mobile money and economic growth was established. The causality pattern discovered has revealed that changes in economic growth have shown a significant influence on mobile money but not vice versa. It was specifically found that with each 0.8 million Naira increase in Nigeria’s GDP, a million increases in mobile money transaction occurred. It was recommended that Nigeria’s policy makers should focus on policies with stronger effects on economic growth, spill-over effects of which would promote mobile money penetration in the long run. Future research may concentrate on identifying the specific areas with stronger effects on economic growth for the attention of policy makers and opinion formers. It was suggested that the scope of the study be expanded to cover wider periods and more countries within sub-Saharan Africa.

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Della, Peruta Maëlle. "Monnaies mobiles sociales : viabilité et efficacité économiques." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE0014/document.

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Cette thèse analyse les monnaies mobiles sociales qui offrent aux consommateurs une complémentarité d'usage par rapport au panel de moyens de paiement existants. Ces nouvelles monnaies répondent à des besoins économiques spécifiques, selon le lieu où elles circulent et les initiatives qui les promeuvent. Elles ont pour objectif le développement économique local, le retour à l'emploi, l'inclusion sociale et l'inclusion financière. Cette thèse étudie les conditions nécessaires à leur déploiement, leur viabilité et leur efficacité
This Ph.D. thesis analyses the emergence and properties of social mobile money, which is more than a simple means of payment but also a way to provide other services and to satisfy other needs. These new currencies contributes to local development, reemployment, they facilitate social and financial inclusions, according their objectives, their location and the type of organisations which develop them. This Ph.D thesis studies the necessary conditions for implementation, sustainability and efficiency of mobile social money

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Ongwae, Juliet. "User participation in ICTD systems design : the case of mobile money innovations in Kenya." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/user-participation-in-ictd-systems-design-the-case-of-mobile-money-innovations-in-kenya(f97c9459-68ea-400e-b5e1-04c901bb338e).html.

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The purpose of this research is to critically inquire into the appropriateness of the current human computer interaction (HCI) practices in Information and Communication Technologies and Development (ICTD) system design given the contextual constraints and challenges found in developing country contexts. Despite user participation in system design being a buzzword of HCI the form of this participation varies with the different disciplinary perspectives and paradigms and their different methods for engaging users and identifying users' needs. Moreover, a majority of these dominant HCI perspectives are not only rooted in the developed countries context they also mainly focus on organisational management information systems (MIS) and less on information systems (IS) that place emphasis on the socio-economic context of developing countries. Literature review reveal that limited studies focus on the differences brought about by the western influenced methodologies and principles when applied in different contexts and how they affect the user participation process as well as the outcome. Building on past research, this research argues that HCI for ICTD needs to develop new contextualised participatory methods and strategies that consider the broader and complex contexts of the ICTD users. However, shifting the focus to localised forms of HCI in ICTD system design requires a better appreciation of the challenges and constraints encountered when applying the traditional HCI methods and strategies. Based on this argument the research conceptually explores and reflects on the underlying contextual factors and mechanisms present in participatory ICTD system design and the presumed relationships among them. Drawing on this conceptual framework, the research conducts semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions and participant observations with three mobile money system design projects in Kenya that engaged the users during the design process to highlight how current HCI practices respond to the multifaceted nature of ICTD system design which present challenges that include social, technical, cultural and infrastructural issues. Findings from this qualitative study provide significant new insights that support the call for contextualised participatory methods and strategies. The findings suggest that there is tension between the underlying assumptions inherent in western HCI methods and strategies and the local context thus justifying the call for the appropriation of the design process. Drawing on the conceptual framework it was found that bias formed from factors such as power relations, diversity in interests for participation and cross-cultural differences moderate the design process and ultimately the participatory outcome. From the knowledge perspective, this research provides an in-depth understanding of the developing country contextual factors that mediate user participation process in ICTD system design. Furthermore, the research extends the knowledge with regards to participatory interventions in the development of IS in Africa. The research also presents a theoretical framework that makes explicit the contextual assumptions and constraints embedded in participatory ICTD system design interventions and how they shape the design process and the participatory outcome. Finally, the recommendations formulated from this research provide HCI designers and practitioners actionable knowledge in regards to reflecting on their current traditional HCI tools and techniques to ensure better localised design processes.

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Chipere, Mike. "Mobile money discounting and currency abandonment : livelihoods and monetary practices in rural Binga, Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/78174.

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The convergence of money with technology is dominated by the drive to eradicate cash by digitization, this is legitimised by arguments that digital forms of money will promote financial inclusion and, in the process, alleviate poverty in developing countries. However, the positive societal benefits attributed to digital money are increasingly being contradicted by empirical evidence from developing countries. The emerging contestation of digitization of money as a tool for poverty alleviation creates an opportunity to reconceptualise monetary innovations for people living in poverty. Thus, in this thesis I answered the following question; what new insights can monetary practices of rural households and persons reveal about money and monetary innovations (or needs) of the low-income group? To answer this question, I draw on the SLA and infrastructure concept not only to examine monetary practices of households and persons in Binga, a rural district of Zimbabwe with a colonial and postcolonial history of economic and political marginalization, but also to evaluate the technical and or functional properties of the money which they use. My research revealed a number of interrelated phenomena, the most important of which is currency abandonment phenomena. It takes two forms, namely, outright refusal to use and adopt a currency and or by discounting (price inflation of goods and services mediated in the currency that is being abandoned). Pertinent examples include; (1) mobile money discounting (this is due to excessive mobile money transaction fees), (2) financial disintermediation, in which users of both mobile and bank money deliberately made their financial affairs opaque by rejecting digital money in preference for cash and commodity money. There are historical antecedents for what I call currency abandonment, these include; (1) the black Friday (holders of capital devalued the Zimbabwe dollar by dumping it on the stock and money market after the Zimbabwe government paid out ex-combatant’s gratuities from money that it did not have, (2) the catalytic role of households in dollarization, which is the rejection (by ordinary users) of the inflationary Zimbabwe dollar in preference for foreign currency. These activities were a means by ordinary users to resist the fact that digitization is experienced as a form of exploitation, in particular rent seeking and indiscriminate identity harvesting (monetization of personal identity) by both the government and mobile network operators. The most relevant research and policy theme which emerged from this study is the economic exclusion problem, in turn, the most important solution to economic exclusion was found to be sharing and redistribution, exemplified by provisioning of public infrastructures, Zimbabwe government elderly and disabilities cash grant, mulala cattle (livestock sharing), poor to poor mobile remittances and rotational saving scheme in which interest rates were not a reward for risk, but shared by all members as a reward for cooperation and collaboration. This study concludes by proposing a locally informed sociotechnical framework of monetary innovations for people living in poverty. The framework divides monetary needs into secondary and primary needs, the former consists of the Public Authority Deficit, which emphasises the need to address the subjugated position of developing countries in defining and addressing monetary needs of the unbanked-poor and the Quantitative Deficit (mutually exclusive relationship between the role of money as a medium of exchange and store of value) while the latter is represented by the Qualitative Deficit (failure of notes and coins to combine the unit of account role of money with the identity of transacting parties). The framework presented here relegates digital money to a secondary need (or innovation) which is inconsequential to poverty alleviation, but necessary only in facilitating remote payments.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
The Mellon Foundation
Anthropology and Archaeology
PhD
Unrestricted

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Tuwei, David Kiplagat. "Communication technology, capabilities and livelihoods: the role of mobile money in facilitating financial inclusion and development in rural Kenya." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6316.

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In urban and rural Kenya, mobile money, the use of the mobile telephone for banking has become a part of everyday life. People use mobile money to accomplish a variety of functions such as transfer money, save, and pay bills, among other uses. At the national level, the government considers mobile money important for individual and national development. Safaricom’s M-Pesa, the most popular mobile money application has received praise for enabling people in the rural areas to access financial services. This research examines the role of mobile money in the everyday lives of people in rural Kenya, especially ordinary users of M-Pesa and M-Pesa agents that facilitate these services. The findings from this research are based on a three-month period of fieldwork on M-Pesa use and facilitation in Chepkoilel, a rural community in western Kenya. Three questions guided this research: how has M-Pesa fit into people’s existing financial cultures and practices? How do people perceive M-Pesa and the role of the service in facilitating their development or financial mobility? How do M-Pesa agents perceive their role in the mobile money ecosystem? Data were collected using interviewing and observation methods. In this research, I found that M-Pesa users and M-Pesa agents utilized M-Pesa for their individual development. Notably, the M-Pesa agency business model had provided new opportunities for entrepreneurship to rural dwellers. Equally important, the application was fundamental for facilitating local-local and global-local financial flows. The ease of making financial remittances through M-Pesa had saved people the cost of transport to the banking halls in town, and made it easy for participants to forward their chama, or self-help group contributions. However, despite the speed and convenience of transactions brought by M-Pesa, there were widespread perceptions that financial management had been made difficult by the fact that money was now so fluid on M-Pesa, a contrast to the time when people used cash. At the same time, Safaricom’s introduction of M-Shwari, the digital saving platform had provided people with an alternative avenue with which to save and borrow money. Though M-Shwari fostered the privacy of financial transactions, among other perceived advantages, the application was displacing long-held collectivist financial habits by introducing individualistic financial practices. This study has also examined the intermediary work of M-Pesa agents in the mobile money ecosystem. As nodes linking Safaricom and its customers, M-Pesa agents were important actors in the system of exchange and value. Their domestication practices were critical to the integration of M-Pesa within the population. Furthermore, as informediaries, they provided socio-technical information that Safaricom used to improve the service. However, their work was often impeded by increasing cases of digital insecurity, and agents found themselves thrust in the role of the management of safety of M-Pesa transactions despite their limited financial knowledge. Finally, in unexpected ways, M-Pesa agents were engaged in the shaping of M-Pesa to suit the local social, cultural and economic remittance practices of the community they served. In the end, these actions benefited their development, the development of their clients, and Safaricom’s business. However, contrary to the prevailing perception, the study found that M-Pesa’s contribution towards financial inclusion was felt more in the informal economy rather than in the formal economy. I conclude that though M-Pesa was important for people’s development, the low-income population faced digital divide challenges in their attempts to utilize M-Pesa for their development. For instance, the relative high cost of services led to non-adoption of M-Pesa by some demographics. Non-literacy and lack of digital skills were other problems users faced.

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Osah, Olam-Oniso. "Determinants of user continuance intention towards mobile money services : the case of M-pesa in Kenya." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16718.

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Includes bibliographical references
The turn of the millennium witnessed the uptake and proliferation of mobile technology in developing regions. This occurrence has provided a medium for mobile telecommunication vendors within the region to create and offer services that are now accessible across socio-economic classes. A notable case of a widely adopted mobile technology-enabled service in the developing world is a mobile money service in Kenya called M-pesa. Since its inception, M-pesa has witnessed a mass adoption which has generally been attributed to prior lack of access by majority of individuals' in the country to affordable regulated financial services. M-pesa's presence has now been anticipated to afford a larger population the initial opportunity to harness economic benefits such as: increase money circulation, increase employment opportunities, facilitate social capital accumulation, facilitate savings, and promote financial autonomy, amongst others. Also, M-pesa based transactions in Kenya are reported to exceed those of western union globally. Whilst M-pesa presently vaunts large user adoption numbers, it is the first of its kind in the region to amass such achievement. Further, historically: products and services of similar nature to M-pesa have been unsustainable. A case of M-pesa's demise would have dire implication for the Kenyan economy and 30% of the households in the country that rely on it for remittances. To understand this phenomenon, extant studies have examined the drivers of adoption of this service but have slacked in subsequent investigations to understand user continuance with the service. As such, the information systems literature cautions that initial adoption of technology, although crucial, does not guarantee sustained use. Therefore it is imperative to investigate drivers of continuance. In general, extant research has not focused on investigations of user continuance intention in Africa. In response, this thesis presents an African based study on the determinants of user continuance intention towards M-pesa. Specifically, the purpose of this study was to i) identify and discuss factors from the literature that are most likely to influence user continuance intention towards M-pesa, (ii) develop a research model that is grounded in theory, (iii) test the model within the sample context to identify the antecedents and determinants of user continuance intention towards M-pesa in Kenya. A broad, critical review of the relevant literature provided basis for hypothesized relationships between the identified factors. A formal survey of users of M-pesa in Kenya comprised the phase of data collection and resulted in a usable data set of (n=434). The data collected from the respondents within Kenya was relied upon to test the hypotheses. The survey instrument used to measure the study's constructs was developed via a process of literature review, expert pre-testing, pilot testing, and statistical validation. Partial Least Square and Artificial Neural Network analyses were used to examine the study's measurement and structural model comprising variables of : behavioural beliefs (post-usage usefulness, confirmation, satisfaction), control-beliefs (utilization and flow), object-based beliefs (perceived task-technology fit, system quality, information quality, and service quality), and attitudinal belief (trust). Collectively, the afore-listed ten independent variables and one dependent variable (continuance intention) comprised the study's model. Four of the independent variables (utilization, satisfaction, flow, and trust) were hypothesized to directly determine continuance intention. Of these four, all emerged as determinants of continuance intention. However, trust emerged as the strongest determinant, subsequently, utilization, flow, and satisfaction respectively. The result was unexpected, as satisfaction (a behavioural belief) has been presented in the extant literature as the dominant determinant of continuance intention but does not hold a consistent predictive strength in a developing world. Its predictive power was diluted by trust, utilization, and flow amongst the Kenyan sample. The study's model revealed an R² of 0.334. The analyses demonstrated that user continuance intention is determined by factors across object, control, attitudinal, and behavioural beliefs. The unexpected finding of the rankings of predictive strength of the factors turns a new leaf and introduces areas of further inquiry in future studies. The study concludes with realized contributions to theory and important guidelines for current and future technology-enabled service vendors in developing regions.

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Davidsson, Camilla, and Elina Anderson. "Caught in the twilight zone : Mobile money - one solution to the multiple expectations faced by married women in Mbarara, Uganda." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-42183.

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Women’s subordination in marital relations is a problematic issue causing socio-economic imbalance between spouses. These issues are found within the system of Uganda’s patriarchal society. Mobile money (m-money) is a service that entered the Ugandan market in 2009 that allows transferring and withdrawing money and paying bills with your cellphone without being connected to a formal bank. Earlier research shows positive impact of m-money use for women’s entrepreneurship in a male-privileged society. These realities render interest towards investigating how m-money effects women and if it has any impact on their self esteem in their marital relation. The study aims to understand the effect of women’s use of m-money in a marital relation. The field study was carried out in Mbarara using interviews and observations to approach the issue. Ugandan women have a lower position within the marital relation as well as in society in general since it is the man who heads of the family. The study reveals an existing lack of trust between spouses, resulting in the exclusion of one another from their individual finances. This lack of trust becomes an impediment of mutual support within the marriage. Furthermore the study shows that women from a higher strata use m-money as a security line of income and gives leeway to meet both traditional expectations such as care taking of children and modern expectations to be employed within the formal sector. The lower strata of women who use m-money tend to protect the money from their husbands who have different priorities than their wives. Through m-money women are given a tool allowing them to circumvent economic confrontations between the spouses and the societal hierarchal structures. The economic security creates a reality where women are less vulnerable because of their independence. The gained independence can however be deemed as a less bad alternative to dependence as it gives them a stronger foundation to manage the combination of the above-mentioned traditional and modern expectations within society.

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Ingrasci, Zachery P. "Transformational Mobile Banking: An Ecosystem for the Unbanked Poor." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/471.

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Even with such a diverse set of actors, this paper will argue that it is irrational not to have a functioning mobile banking ecosystem that can provide a full range of financial services to the poor. As seen by current public and private actors that lead the charge in creating mobile banking ecosystems, all actors can substantially benefit. With three billion unbanked poor, both traditional banks and microfinance banks will have significant opportunities to massively increase clientele in previously un-bankable and remote areas in a profitable way. Telecoms will be able to provide a wider array of services to attract and retain customers as traditional markets become more saturated and competitive as well as receive positive PR for providing services to the poor. On the public side, governments should see this as an opportunity to provide financial access to their citizens without having to provide the services themselves. Finally, previously unbanked clients stand to gain the most as they will receive access to convenient, reliable and flexible services that fit their needs in ways that were impossible before mobile banking technology. This paper, however, will not prescribe a single model for mobile banking. Differences in political systems, economy, geography, demographics, state of development, nature of financial systems, profile of clients, and regulatory environment make it impossible to create a "one size fits all" solution. The correct model for a functioning mobile banking ecosystem depends on the specific market environment of each individual country. Lessons can be learned from top emerging players in developing countries for a better overall understanding of the interests of the actors and how to create a framework that allows for these interests to co-exist. This understanding is critical if mobile banking is to eventually have an important global impact on financial inclusion for the poor.

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31

Thabane, Matela. "Assessing the Principal Agent Problem in Mobile Money Services: Lessons from M – PESA in Lesotho." Thesis, University Of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29934.

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The expansion and diffusion of mobile phones globally has resulted in the provision of financial transactional services over the existing mobile phone platforms, generally referred to as mobile money. The supply end of mobile money services is an important factor in the success of the financial transactions offering. This research assessed vulnerabilities in the mobile money supply network that are inherently related to the existence of the principal – agent problem and their implications on availability and access to the services. The research study was conducted using a qualitative approach. Qualitative information was collected through interviews guided by open – ended questionnaires. Thematic analysis approach was followed to systematically analyse the data and generate findings of the study. Agent transactional data was analysed to complement the findings from qualitative analysis The findings suggest that the principal agent problem permeates the mobile money delivery network mainly after businesses joining as agents and manifests as moral hazard. Moral hazard is the dominant feature of the principal – agent problem, with adverse selection very low. Drivers of moral hazard are demonstrated by the influences and demands of agents’ core businesses and challenges in agent monitoring and training. The existence of the principal – agent problem has limited or no implications on access and availability of services. However, overtime the combined vulnerabilities identified related to the principal agent problem are likely to manifest into risks that are likely to affect access and availability of mobile money services. Regulators, Mobile Network Operators and agent enterprises must collectively review monitoring approaches for mobile money service providers to address challenges identified and increase the effectiveness of monitoring. Service provision standards should be reviewed to suit the various business environments the services are provided within. Mobile Network Operators and agent enterprises need to institute stronger partnership arrangements that enhance ownership and obligations for all parties, in particular agent enterprises. Agreements must enable application of different mobile money delivery models suitable to meet the demands and requirements of the agents’ core businesses. Innovations such as Near Field Communication (NFC) can be integrated with Point of sale (POS) applications and mobile money platforms to reduce the administration burden on agents and human error. Such applications must consider the cost implications of adoption from the agents’ business perspective.

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Talom, Frank Sylvio Gahapa. "Impact of mobile money services on financial performance of SMEs: the case of Douala, Cameroon." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/3007.

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Thesis (MTech (Entrepreneurship))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2020
Often effectively excluded by formal financial systems, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in developing countries have found in Mobile Money services an efficient and cost effective means of availing themselves of financial services without holding bank accounts. In order to provide meaningful recommendations to the stakeholders of the banking sector of Cameroon, small and medium-sized enterprises, Mobile Money service providers, and relevant state organs, this study was conducted to investigate the influence of Mobile Money services on the financial performance of SMEs in two markets in Douala in Cameroon. A mixed methods research design was employed to conduct the study. The quantitative data was collected through the administration of a survey questionnaire and the qualitative data from one-on-one in-depth interviews. By means of snowball sampling, a sample of 285 SMEs was obtained to respond to the survey questionnaire, while the researcher used purposive sampling to select the owners or managing directors of twelve of the respondents to participate in the interviews. Version 25 of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software was used to analyse the quantitative data, while the qualitative data was subjected to thematic analysis. Correlation and regression analyses yielded that independent variables pertaining to the adoption of Mobile Money services by the respondents to the questionnaire predicted of the order of 73 percent of variance with respect to increased sales turnover. Most of the twelve interviewees perceived that their business operations had improved significantly after they had begun making and receiving payments in the form of Mobile Money transactions. The participants in the study used Mobile Money mainly to receive money, send money, and buy airtime and a significant majority perceived that Mobile Money services were more cost effective than those of banks. Convenience, safety, and accessibility were the attributes of Mobile Money which the participants cited as having provided their principal motivations for electing to register as users of Mobile Money services. It could be concluded that Mobile Money services exerted a significant positive influence on the financial performance of the SMEs of the participants in the study. On the basis of the conclusions which were drawn from the findings, recommendations were made to the owners of SMEs in Douala, the Ministry of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, Social Economy, and Handicrafts and Mobile Money service providers. The findings of the study underscore the role of Mobile Money services as an effective means of increasing financial inclusion and financial performance and could be useful to academics, owners and managers of SMEs, financial institutions in Cameroon and elsewhere, and also relevant policy makers.

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Natile, Serena. "Mobile money and the limits of financial inclusion : a gender analysis of M-Pesa in Kenya." Thesis, University of Kent, 2016. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/60909/.

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Financial inclusion, as an instrument for sustainable growth and stability while achieving social goals such as poverty reduction and gender equality, is now a core feature of the global development project. The development agenda presents financial inclusion to women as a precondition for securing their own, their families' and their communities' autonomy and future well-being. This research investigates this claim, the assumptions on which it is based, the institutions and narratives that underpin it, and the limits, as well as the potential, of financial inclusion regarding gender equality in the case of mobile money, and in particular of M-Pesa in Kenya. Mobile money refers to payment systems that provide access to formal financial services via mobile phone network infrastructure. M-Pesa (M for mobile, pesa Swahili for money), is a mobile money platform introduced in Kenya in 2007 via a public-private partnership between Vodafone and the UK Department for International Development. Now used by about 70 per cent of the Kenyan population, M-Pesa has captured global imagination as a successful financial inclusion project providing access to formal financial services for the 'financially excluded', including poor and low-income women. The main question this thesis asks is whether and to what extent M-Pesa can be considered a successful financial inclusion project in terms of substantive gender equality. A framework of analysis drawing on feminist political economy and African and Kenyan feminism(s) is used to explore the context and institutionalisation of M-Pesa, and the regulatory arrangements through which it has facilitated access to formal finance for poor and low-income women. The analysis focuses on two main elements emerging from the empirical and theoretical investigation, social entrepreneurship and the law. It argues that although M-Pesa has increased the number of women accessing formal financial services, it has not advanced substantive gender equality at the lower end of the income distribution, mainly due to the lack of correspondent redistributive measures addressing existing socio-economic inequalities. Funds, partnerships and initiatives developed around mobile money are organised and distributed according to a logic of entrepreneurial opportunity rather than a politics of redistribution. A logic of opportunity, unlike a politics of redistribution, not only tends to ignore the past and present political, socio-economic and legal dynamics that have contributed to creating and reproducing gender inequality but also risks furthering unequal gender relations by investing poor and low-income women with the responsibility for transforming opportunities into better livelihoods. The centrality of opportunity in M-Pesa, for instance the opportunity for self-employment or to access basic goods and services, is powered by narratives such as philanthrocapitalism that tend to favour providers and financial institutions over poor and low-income people. Mobile money products and services, in fact, reconceptualise access to basic resources as a for-profit enterprise rather than as a public good or entitlement, seeing such basic needs as market opportunities to be accessed via fee-based mobile financial services. In this way, the opportunities created by mobile money ensure a secure source of revenue for mobile money providers and other powerful institutions involved in the mobile money 'social' business. These dynamics, which are also facilitated by the way in which M-Pesa is regulated, undermine mobile money's potential for contributing to a fundamental transformation towards substantive gender equality. This thesis sees gender inequality as deriving more from a lack of redistributive approaches and measures than from a lack of financial services, and argues for a politics of redistribution to guide financial inclusion projects, policies and regulation. Finance can be organised and regulated according to different interests: expanding access to financial services can further the interests of financial providers and other powerful institutions, reproducing and increasing inequalities; or it can contribute to a fundamental transformation oriented towards universal provisioning and substantive equality through the redistribution of power, resources and responsibilities.

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Morawczynski, Olga. "Examining the adoption, usage and outcomes of mobile money services : the case of M-PESA in Kenya." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5558.

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This thesis will examine the adoption, usage and outcomes of a mobile money service called MPESA. Since being launched in 2007, the service has seen phenomenal growth in Kenya. Over 7.5 million users, or 34% of the adult population, have registered with M-PESA. Such growth is impressive as it has surpassed other ICTs in the country. This includes the mobile phone, which has been hailed as the fastest growing ICT in Africa. It has also surpassed the growth of mobile money in the North, where many services have been discontinued because they failed to attract a sufficient number of customers. M-PESA thus provides an interesting case of an ICT growing rapidly in the South, and “failing” in the North. In this context, the first part of the thesis examines why such rapid growth occurred. This analysis is presented from two perspectives. First, the socio-technical systems framework is used to present M-PESA as a complex system rather than an isolated application. This perspective makes clear that M-PESA grew rapidly because it had a dedicated team of system builders. These individuals took numerous strategies to enroll the elements and maintain the stability of the entire system. They further worked to engineer the social, economic, legal and political environments of the technology. Growth is also explained from the perspective of the user. The thesis makes clear that M-PESA was widely adopted because it fit into existing social practices and systems of logic. In other words, it helped users to do what they were doing before the technology was introduced. This includes money transfers back home. It also includes savings. The thesis further reveals that financial practices began to change as M-PESA became integrated into daily life. For example, users began to send money home more often. They also increased the number of their savings transactions. Such changing practices engendered a variety of consequences to daily life. This includes rising household incomes in the rural areas. It also includes new struggles over limited resources. The impacts, or wider-scale implications of usage, are also discussed. The analysis shows that a whole industry for mobile money developed as a result of M-PESA’s success. The thesis makes a contribution to knowledge in several ways. It presents a case of domestication in the South and highlights the unique factors that shape this process, from wide-scale political violence to structures of debt and obligation. It further makes the relationship between technologies and impact more clear. It shows that the technology itself does not engender the outcomes. It does, however, have a role in shaping the practices that do.

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Nampewo, Joanita Serwanja. "Enabling financial inclusion for the unbanked : in pursuit of a regulatory framework for mobile money in Uganda." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/64627.

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The expanding capabilities of the mobile phone have ushered in new and innovative products such as mobile money, a ubiquitous tool that allows individuals to transact money without formal bank accounts. With potential to reach millions of customers even in the remotest areas, mobile money is playing a pivotal role in promoting financial inclusion, an important policy issue that continues to attract global interest since it is perceived as a reliable tool for poverty alleviation and economic development. This research has revealed that mobile money has brought immense benefits, but has arisen with several challenges that are not adequately addressed by the current legislation in Uganda. The absence of coherent policy and regulation for mobile money in Uganda may be an impediment to further growth of mobile money if it is to deliver on its promises for financial inclusion. The study thus undertook a comparative study to draw from experiences in more mature markets that have established legal frameworks, making recommendations for an overarching framework for mobile money in Uganda.
Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
Unrestricted

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36

Schachter, Kara. "The Digitalization of Development: Understanding the Role of Technology and Innovation in Development through a Case Study of Kenya and M-Pesa." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2062.

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This thesis analyzes the connection of mobile phone technology to increased economic development in Kenya. Drawing on previous research, I first examine the state of development by analyzing social, political, and economic factors in Kenya in 2007/2008. I then examine the role of technology on these development factors in Kenya by focusing on the rapid rise of mobile money platform M-Pesa and the rise of decentralized banking. This thesis finds that M-Pesa’s success stems from the failure of public trust in traditional institutions, collaboration between the public, private, and nonprofit sector, initial lack of regulation to promote innovation, and heavy consumer testing to create the best product-market fit. Additionally, in comparison to other sub-Saharan countries, Kenya’s institutions have more willingly allowed for nontraditional methods of investment and aid. While none of these results are entirely conclusive, evidence suggests that the rise of mobile money and technological innovation has attributed heavily to economic development into 2018, but that social and political development factors are still restrained. Ultimately, technology is not the solution to all factors of cyclical poverty, but it can create new approaches to previously neglected development constraints.

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Madebwe, Charles. "An investigation into the role played by perceived security concerns in the adoption of mobile money services : a Zimbabwean case study." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017933.

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The ubiquitous nature of mobile phones and their popularity has led to opportunistic value added services (VAS), such as mobile money, riding on this phenomenon to be implemented. Several studies have been done to find factors that influence the adoption of mobile money and other information systems. The thesis looks at factors determining the uptake of mobile money over cellular networks with a special emphasis on aspects relating to perceived security even though other factors namely perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived trust and perceived cost were also looked at. The research further looks at the security threats introduced to mobile money by virtue of the nature, architecture, standards and protocols of Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). The model employed for this research was the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Literature review was done on the security of GSM. Data was collected from a sample population around Harare, Zimbabwe using physical questionnaires. Statistical tests were performed on the collected data to find the significance of each construct to mobile money adoption. The research has found positive correlation between perceived security concerns and the adoption of money mobile money services over cellular networks. Perceived usefulness was found to be the most important factor in the adoption of mobile money. The research also found that customers need to trust the network service provider and the systems in use for them to adopt mobile money. Other factors driving consumer adoption were found to be perceived ease of use and perceived cost. The findings show that players who intend to introduce mobile money should strive to offer secure and useful systems that are trustworthy without making the service expensive or difficult to use. Literature review done showed that there is a possibility of compromising mobile money transactions done over GSM

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38

Lans, Nicklas, and Svensson Olivia Nestius. "Mobile remittance market growth : Identifying and using key drivers for country evaluation." Thesis, KTH, Hållbarhet och industriell dynamik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-169608.

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Migrants sending money to their countries of origin provide capital that has the potential to improve the long-run economic performance of many countries in the world. But the cost for sending remittances is unreasonably high, and there are a number of barriers hindering low- cost solutions, such as mobile money transfer services, to increase in scale. The transformation of the remittance industry is therefore impeded. This research aimed to address this problem and find the factors that are driving the market for mobile remittances forward. By identifying and understanding the key drivers, this research makes it possible for companies providing mobile remittance services to find countries that can foster a sustainable industry growth and transform the industry efficiently. As a complement to a majority of quantitative studies performed within the field of mobile money, this research used both qualitative and quantitative methods. To apply a holistic approach, the PESTLE framework was used as a structure for several parts of the research process. Key drivers were identified from an extensive literature review and interviews with industry experts. By answering a questionnaire, professionals, industry experts and researchers, rated the key drivers’ importance for the growth of the mobile remittance market. The most critical key drivers were identified and used to develop a framework for evaluating how suitable a country’s market environment is for mobile remittances. One main finding was that the perceptions on what, and who, is driving the market for mobile remittances forward are varying and highly dependent on whom is asked, but that there are some factors that people agree are of particular importance. First, the mobile remittance service should be easy to use, secure, and of lower cost than other services. It is important to have a supportive infrastructure providing efficient liquidity management for agents, high agent density and network reliability. To increase the customer awareness and adoption, agents should be educated in how to use and sell the service, and how to educate the customer. Collaborative partnerships could leverage the distribution network and increase the market interoperability, and lastly, it was shown that mobile remittances can be supported by a regulatory environment that enables mobile money and branchless banking. This research showed that to the degree to which a country’s market environment fulfils these criteria can give an indication on how suitable it is for mobile remittances. A wide range of aspects and stakeholders need to be considered and supported to foster a sustainable industry growth, and this research provides guidelines that are relevant for both companies and researchers.
Det kapital som migranter bidrar med när de skickar pengar till sitt hemland bidrar också till det landets ekonomiska utveckling. Kostnaden för att skicka remittanser är emellertid orimligt hög och det finns ett antal barriärer som hindrar lågkostnadslösningar, såsom mobila finansiella tjänser, att nå stor skala. På grund av sådana barriärer hämmas utvecklingen av den ineffektiva och ofta riskfyllda remittansindustrin. Den här studien har strävat efter att angripa problemet genom att hitta faktorer som driver marknaden för mobila remittanser framåt. Genom att identifiera och förstå de drivande faktorerna gör den här forskningen det möjligt för företag som erbjuder mobila remittanstjänster att hitta länder som kan främja en hållbar remittansindustri och bidra till en effektivare förändring av industrin. Som ett komplement till de i huvudsak kvantitativa studier som genomförts inom området för mobila finansiella tjänster har den här studien använt både kvalitativa och kvantitativa metoder. För att göra tillvägagångssättet holistiskt har PESTLE-ramverket använts som en struktur under flera delar av forskningsprocessen. Drivande faktorer identifierades genom en omfattande litteraturstudie och intervjuer med industriexperter, och genom att besvara en enkät graderade yrkesverksamma, industriexperter och forskare de drivande faktorernas betydelse för den mobila remittansmarknadens tillväxt. De mest kritiska drivande faktorerna identifierades och användes för att utveckla ett ramverk som har syftet att utvärdera hur passande ett lands marknadsmiljö är för mobila remittanser. En av huvudslutsatserna är att uppfattningarna kring vad och vem som driver marknaden för mobila remittanser framåt varierar stort mellan de tillfrågade. Men forskningen visar också att det finns några faktorer vars höga betydelse de tillfrågade personerna var eniga om. Mobila remittanstjänster ska vara enkla att använda, säkra och kosta mindre än andra remittans- tjänster. Det är viktigt att infrastrukturen är stöttande genom en hög drifttillförlitlighet och att agenter har möjlighet till effektiv likviditetshantering. För att öka kundmedvetenheten och upptagandet bör agenter bli utbildade i hur tjänsten ska användas och säljas, samt hur kund- erna ska utbildas. Marknaden för mobila remittanser kan stöttas ytterligare genom partnerskap som utnyttjar distributionsnätverk och ökar marknadens interoperabilitet, samt genom regel- verk som främjar mobila finansiella tjänster. Forskningen visade att flera av dessa faktorer kan indikera hur passande ett lands marknadsmiljö är för mobila remittanser. Det finns många aspekter och intressenter som behöver tas hänsyn till och bli stöttade för att främja tillväxt, och studien bidrar med riktlinjer som kan vara av värde för både företag och forskning.

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Dissaux, Tristan. "Socioéconomie de la monnaie mobile et des monnaies locales au Kenya : quelles innovations monétaires pour quel développement ?" Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2103/document.

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Des innovations monétaires, donnant à la monnaie des formes et des caractéristiques nouvelles, sont aujourd’hui utilisées dans le but de favoriser le processus de développement économique. Au Kenya, elles se concrétisent dans les systèmes de monnaie mobile tels que le M-Pesa, ainsi que dans plusieurs monnaies locales mises en place sur le modèle du Bangla-Pesa. Ces monnaies ont des natures et des logiques divergentes, dont la thèse vise à en montrer les impacts et les implications. Pour cela, nous utilisons notamment des données issues de deux enquêtes de terrain.Les innovations monétaires interpellent les théories du développement, qui ont largement exclu la monnaie de leurs analyses, et qui la considèrent généralement comme étant neutre. L’étude de ces dispositifs nous permet de poser les bases d’une théorie monétaire du développement, en questionnant ce faisant le sens à donner au concept de développement, et les rôles que doivent jouer pour celui-ci la monnaie et la finance
Monetary innovations, giving money new forms and characteristics, are now used to promote the process of economic development. In Kenya, they unfold in mobile money systems such as M-Pesa, as well as in several local currencies implemented on the model of the Bangla-Pesa. These monies have different natures and logics, and the thesis aims to show their impacts and implications. For this, we use data from two field surveys.Monetary innovations challenge development theories, which have largely excluded money from their analyzes, and which generally consider it to be neutral. The study of these schemes allow us to lay the foundations of a monetary theory of development. By doing so, we question the meaning of the concept of development, and the roles that money and finance have to play for it

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Palevičius, Paulius. "Elektroninių pinigų modelio realizacija standartinėse ir ribotų aritmetinių funkcijų sistemose." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20130930_090912-56821.

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Tobulėjant mobiliesiems telefonams ir kitoms technologijoms, atsiranda galimybė pakeisti arba papildyti rinkoje naudojamus grynuosius pinigus jiems ekvivalenčiais elektroniniais pinigais. Elektroniniai pinigai yra viena naujausių atsiskaitymo formų ir jos realizacija rinkoje yra ribota. Darbe buvo realizuotas Stefan Brands elektroninių pinigų modelis naudojant Java platformas kompiuteryje ir mobiliajame telefone. Buvo ištirtas šių realizacijų efektyvumas ir pastebėta, kad realizacija kompiuteryje yra 100 kartų greitesnė negu mobiliajame telefone. Buvo pasiūlyta ir realizuota aritmetinių funkcijų (sudėties, skirtumo, modulio, modulinės eksponentės, postūmio į dešinę) klasė Java Card platformoje. Modulinė eksponentė buvo realizuota RSA algoritmo pagalba. Darbe pateiktas šios realizacijos greičio įvertis. Dėl lėto funkcijų vykdymo pasiūlytas mišrus vartotojo dalies protokolų realizacijos modelis. Darbe pateikiama techninės ir programinės įrangos analizė, reikalinga norint atlikti elektroninių pinigų realizaciją. Taip pat atlikta kriptografinių ir matematinių metodų apžvalga, naudojamų Stefan Brands elektroninių pinigų modelyje.
As mobile phones and technology advance new opportunities for implementation of elektronic money systems become possible. Electronic money is one of the latest methods for paying for goods and there are just a few implementations. In this work implementation of Stefan Brands electronic money model was performed. Stefan Brands protocol was implemented using Java langauge in standard computer and in mobile phone. Efficiency of these implementations was estimated and it was found that implementation on mobile phone is approximetly 100 times slower using Java ME platform. A library for for doing arithmetic operations like addition, subraction, modulus, modular exponentiation, right shift, etc. was implemented using smart card enviroment. As it is not possible to use cryptographic processor directly, RSA encryption scheme was used to perform modular exponention. Results of implementation speed were given and it was concluded that whole client side implementation using Java Card enviroment was two slow so mixed model was suggested. This work also consist of technical and software analysis needed to perform electronic money implementation. Also a brief review of cryptographic ant mathematic methods used in Stefan Brands digital cash system was performed.

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41

Murendo, Conrad [Verfasser], Meike [Akademischer Betreuer] Wollni, Matin [Akademischer Betreuer] Qaim, and Stephan von [Akademischer Betreuer] Cramon-Taubadel. "Mobile money adoption and household welfare in Uganda / Conrad Murendo. Betreuer: Meike Wollni. Gutachter: Matin Qaim ; Stephan von Cramon-Taubadel." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1080361588/34.

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Petti, Raffaello <1990&gt. "Local Authority and Accountability in Uganda. The Role of Mobile Money in the Revival of Customary Institutions Among the Acholi." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9929/1/Thesis%20Raffaello%20Petti.pdf.

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In the mid-1990s, the government led by Yoweri Museveni inaugurated a state-led process of ‘resurgence’ of traditional authorities in Uganda, posing an end to the 30 years long ban enacted by Milton Obote in 1967. Among the Acholi of Northern Uganda, the revival of chieftaincy has unfolded in a context characterised by profound disruptions of the social and material fabric of society caused by two decades of war and displacement, as well as by the massive intervention of humanitarian and development agencies. Although the latter bolstered the reinstalment of chiefs and framed them as crucial agents of the post-war pacification and reconstruction agenda, nowadays many traditional leaders are still struggling to regain their legitimacy and prestige. This thesis investigates how, in the process of ‘bringing the clans back together’, the institutions of traditional authority are being restored, reshaped, and reinvented in contemporary Acholiland, and how such institutional changes reflect shifts in power arrangements. Further, it scrutinises the narratives that are deployed to legitimise such transformations, and how the uptake of new mobile money services reconfigures the financial aspects of such processes – especially in the case of migrants-chiefs relations. In particular, this dissertation tackles four issues. First, it analyses the processes of formalisation and codification of customary law and hierarchies of traditional authority. Second, it analyses how the adoption of mobile money has reshaped the mechanisms of resource pooling and remittances delivery in Acholi clans towards an enhanced accountability of traditional leaders. Third, it investigates the rise of new institutions for the coercive enforcement of customary law, which are backed by the state. Fourth, it shows how traditional leaders are reinventing the mechanisms of resource extraction from their subjects by establishing covert forms of taxation.

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Gordano, Peile Cecilia. "Contested Discourses on Migrant Connectivity: Migrant Users and Corporations of Mobile Phone and Money Transfer Services in Catalonia. An interdisciplinary approach." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/128619.

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La tesi sosté que les empreses privades que presten serveis de connectivitat constitueixen actors cada vegada més influents en la migració contemporània. Per això analitza els discursos comercials dels proveïdors de telefonia mòbil i serveis de transferència de diners a Espanya, i els contrasta amb les experiències d'equatorians i marroquins que viuen a Catalunya i usen aquests serveis per mantenir-se en contacte amb les seves xarxes personals, tant en les societats d'origen com de destinació. El disseny de la recerca combina els Estudis Culturals i els Estudis Crítics del Discurs per analitzar els testimoniatges dels migrants així com els discursos comercials a través de la publicitat i d'entrevistes amb responsables de les empreses. D'una banda, les conclusions van mostrar els mecanismes mitjançant els quals els discursos corporatius han mercantilizat i estetizat les experiències de connectivitat dels migrants. D'altra banda, es va evidenciar un paper actiu dels migrants com a agents de les seves estratègies de connectivitat, apropiant-se dels serveis oferts i creant estratègies de baix cost per convertir limitacions en oportunitats, en moments de creixent mobilitat, connectivitat digital i la consolidació d'una economia de serveis.
La tesis sostiene que las empresas privadas que prestan servicios de conectividad constituyen actores cada vez más influyentes en la migración contemporánea. Por ello analiza los discursos comerciales de los proveedores de telefonía móvil y servicios de transferencia de dinero en España, y los contrasta con las experiencias de ecuatorianos y marroquíes que viven en Cataluña y usan estos servicios para mantenerse en contacto con sus redes personales, tanto en las sociedades de origen como de destino. El diseño de la investigación combina los Estudios Culturales y los Estudios Críticos del Discurso para analizar los testimonios de los migrantes así como los discursos comerciales a través de la publicidad y de entrevistas con responsables de las empresas. Por un lado, las conclusiones mostraron los mecanismos mediante los cuales los discursos corporativos han mercantilizado y estetizado las experiencias de conectividad de los migrantes. Por otro lado, se evidenció un papel activo de los migrantes como agentes de sus estrategias de conectividad, apropiándose de los servicios ofrecidos y creando estrategias de bajo costo para convertir limitaciones en oportunidades, en momentos de creciente movilidad, conectividad digital y la consolidación de una economía de servicios.
The thesis argues that private enterprises providing connectivity services are increasingly becoming influential actors in contemporary migration. It focuses on the commercial discourses of providers of mobile phone and money transfer services in Spain, contrasting them with Ecuadorian and Moroccan migrant users’ experiences of connectivity to keep in touch with their personal networks in both origin and destination societies. The research design combined Cultural Studies and Critical Discourse Studies to look at migrants’ accounts as well as service providers’ first-hand accounts and commercial advertising texts. On the one hand, the conclusions showed the mechanisms through which corporate discourses have commodified and aestheticized migrants’ experiences of connectivity. On the other hand, they evidenced migrants’ active roles as agents of their connectivity strategies, appropriating the services offered, creating low-cost strategies that turn constraints into opportunities, in times of increasing mobility, digital connectivity and the consolidation of a service based economy.

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Nafula, Ritah. "Open Innovation: A case study exploring Knowledge Transfer in Developing Markets : Emerging markets, knowledge transfer, open innovation, mobile money transfer, MPesa." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-23058.

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With the increasing trend of telecommunication innovations worldwide, emerging markets do not dare to sit back and watch as the global technologies advance at record speed. More and more developing countries are taking heed to these opportunities by developing solutions that best suit the markets they serve. Moreover, regardless of the lack of efficient and affordable financial infrastructure as a contributing factor in the persistence of poverty in many rural parts of developing countries, some firms have taken bold steps to partner with knowledgeable firms in order to increase their own capabilities that are crucial in developing innovative solutions. The purpose of this study was to explore how knowledge is transferred in emerging/developing markets in order to facilitate open innovation. Knowledge transfer is considered a process and not a one-time event. Therefore, using a since case study design, an in-depth exploration was made on the MPesa mobile money transfer system which started in Kenya but has now spread to several emerging countries in Africa, Asia and the Middle East. The results indicate that for successful knowledge transfer; (i) Personnel movements is the most effective mechanism (ii) Technology should be transferred using a social mode of transfer (iii) Joint ventures are the most effective partnership form (iv) the bottom-of-the pyramid markets must be engaged in the development of innovative products.

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Mombach, Jaline Gonçalves. "Proposta de aplicativo móvel para identificação de cédulas de real por pessoas com deficiência visual." Universidade Federal do Pampa, 2015. http://dspace.unipampa.edu.br:8080/xmlui/handle/riu/745.

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Submitted by Cátia Araújo (catia.araujo@unipampa.edu.br) on 2017-01-24T13:09:07Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Proposta de aplicativo móvel para identificação de cédulas de real por pessoas com deficiência visual.pdf: 26957479 bytes, checksum: fbee16416d94008754e7d9c9e7919046 (MD5)
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Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-24T13:13:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Proposta de aplicativo móvel para identificação de cédulas de real por pessoas com deficiência visual.pdf: 26957479 bytes, checksum: fbee16416d94008754e7d9c9e7919046 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-07
Pessoas com deficiência visual têm dificuldade em reconhecer as cédulas de Real. Estas cédulas possuem características diferentes (i.e marcações táteis e dimensões diferentes) que são insuficientes para identificação por pessoas cegas e com baixa visão. Esta pesquisa propõe a criação de um aplicativo móvel para ajudar pessoas com deficiência visual a identificar as notas de Real. A plataforma de desenvolvimento é Android porque apresenta recursos nativos de acessibilidade e é considerado o sistema operacional mais popular no mercado de smartphones. O método desenvolvido usa descritores para classificação das cédulas, o cálculo da distância mínima para a correspondência de pontos, análise de cor predominante na cédula e identificação do numeral presente nas cédulas da primeira família. A validação com usuários é realizada através da avaliação cooperativa e escala de Likert. Na comparação com outros aplicativos, o método proposto atinge alta confiabilidade em relação à identificação das notas. A taxa de sensitividade, especificidade e acurácia foram de 86%, 98% e 89%, respectivamente.
People with visual impairment have difficulty in recognizing the Brazilian Real banknotes. These banknotes have different characteristics (e.g. different tactile markings and dimensions) which are insufficient for identification by blind and low vision persons. This research proposes the creation of a mobile application to help the visually impaired people to identify the current Brazilian paper money. The development platform is Android because it has accessibility native features and is considered the most popular operating system in the smartphone market. The developed method uses descriptors for classification of banknotes, the calculation of the minimum distance to the correspondence points, the predominant color analysis on the banknotes and the numeral recognition which is present in the first family of Real. The validation with users is performed by cooperative assessment and Likert scale. In comparison with other applications, the proposed method achieves high reliability in relation to the identification of the banknotes. We report a sensitivity, specificity and accuracy rate of 86%, 98% and 89%, respectively.

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Sewpaul, Sailesh. "Digital Strategies Senior Bank Executives in Mauritius use to Improve Customer Service." Thesis, Walden University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13422561.

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Customers’ use of digital banking has reshaped traditional banking, and senior level bank executives must know how to leverage this innovation to improve customer service to increase profitability. Using the technology acceptance model as the conceptual framework, the purpose of this multiple case study was to explore effective digital banking strategies that senior level executives used to improve customer service to increase profitability. The target population for this study included senior-level executives from 3 banks in Mauritius possessing successful development and implementation experience in digital banking strategies to improve customer service. Data were collected through semistructured interviews and organizational documents, which were analyzed in accordance with Yin’s 5-phase data analysis process consisting of pattern matching, explanation building, time-series analysis, program logic models, and cross-case synthesis. The use of member checking and methodological triangulation increased the trustworthiness of data interpretations. Three themes emerged from the analysis of data: use of mobile strategies to migrate customers to digital banking, challenges to migrate customers to digital banking, and digital banking innovation. The implications of this study for positive social change include improving convenience to customers; promoting green banking; and providing easy access to banking to the poor, those with physical disabilities, and those living in remote and rural areas.

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Gebregziabher, Sosina Abraha. "The “bi-directional” influence between technology and society: how M-PESA is shaping and being shaped by society in Kenya." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30103.

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M-PESA (a mobile banking service in Kenya) was introduced to offer a person-to-person money transfer service. Its extensive adoption and appropriation for purposes other than person-to-person transfers has influenced the technology providers (Safaricom) to widen their services beyond their original intentions. M-PESA provides a wide range of financial services including services for people who were previously unbanked. Users of M-PESA can now pay different utilities, those without credit cards can purchase products online, others can repay loans to microfinance institutions, pay insurance premiums, withdraw money from ATMs, use it as Point of Sale Payment and open savings accounts. This research examines the existence of “bi-directional” influences between technology and society by taking M-PESA business users as a case. It specifically investigates how M-PESA as a technology has influenced the business environment in Kenya and how the design of M-PESA has in turn been influenced by its adoption. The research adopts the Adaptive Structuration Theory as the theoretical framework and interpretive case study research as a methodological approach. Interviews with different stakeholders in the industry were used to collect data. Data was analyzed using Diachronic Analysis. The results of the research show that there is a “bi-directional” influence between technology and people as they affect each other over time. Mobile technologies shape the way businesses operate, allowing them to provide new services and improve existing ones. At the same time, usage and adoption trends affect the design of mobile technologies. Over time, technology is adapted to accommodate the new needs of businesses and other needs in the wider community. This research shows that the impact of technology depends not only on its functionality but also on its use and appropriation in society.
Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Informatics
unrestricted

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48

Molnar, Neto Francisco. "Mobile payment e o caso da Paggo no Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/10761.

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Submitted by Francisco Molnar Neto (francisco.molnar@gmail.com) on 2013-04-19T18:49:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MOBILE PAYMENT E O CASO DA PAGGO NO BRASIL - FRANCISCO MOLNAR NETO 2013 - VERSÃO FINAL. .pdf: 2036789 bytes, checksum: e6565f181d4be2dd3d3c3e277adb7fff (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2013-04-19T18:59:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MOBILE PAYMENT E O CASO DA PAGGO NO BRASIL - FRANCISCO MOLNAR NETO 2013 - VERSÃO FINAL. .pdf: 2036789 bytes, checksum: e6565f181d4be2dd3d3c3e277adb7fff (MD5)
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Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o caso da Paggo, a iniciativa de maior destaque em Mobile Payment no Brasil. A escolha pelo tema de Mobile Payment se deu devido ao seu caráter de inovação e disruptura num mercado consolidado como o de meios de pagamento. Através de uma análise qualitativa, o autor se propõe a identificar e elucidar alguns dos atributos básicos fundamentais necessários a uma iniciativa de Mobile Payment. Um modelo teórico foi então desenvolvido com o intuito de aplica-lo à iniciativa da Paggo de forma a verificar a presença destes atributos e seu alinhamento com o direcionamento das ações estratégicas da companhia. Por tratar de um caso específico, limitamos nossa análise ao modelo de Mobile Payment adotado pela Paggo (B2C). Para tal, foram analisados diferentes estudos de autores acadêmicos especializados no tema de inovações tecnológicas e governança. Teorias relativas a inovações em meios de pagamento (CHAKRAVORTI e KOBOR, 2003), economia da informação (SHAPIRO e VARIAN, 1999), adequação das ferramentas organizacionais para a tarefa (CHRISTENSEN e OVERDORF, 2000) e evolução da plataforma de Serviços (TIWANA, KONSYNSKI e BUSH, 2010) compõe a base dos atributos selecionados para o modelo proposto pelo autor. Do ponto de vista prático, foram entrevistados presencialmente o antigo e o atual presidente da Paggo com a finalidade de se coletar dados relativos a aspectos de inovação tecnológica, estrutura organizacional e governança ao longo da história da companhia. Estas entrevistas, transcritas ao final do estudo, por si só já se revelaram como uma grande contribuição a estudiosos do tema, que muitas vezes carecem de perspectivas tão amplas como as apresentadas nestas entrevistas. O tema é ainda mais relevante não apenas pelos impactos diretos e indiretos que sua implementação poderá trazer, não apenas sobre toda a cadeia de valor atual de meios de pagamentos mas, principalmente, para toda a sociedade brasileira visto que o governo brasileiro anunciou recentemente que o Ministério das Comunicações em conjunto com o Banco Central e a Agência Nacional de Telecomunicações (ANATEL) trabalham para apresentar uma proposta de marco regulatório para serviços de pagamento por meio de telefonia móvel ainda em 2012 . Este estudo é portanto de interesse de todos os agentes envolvidos no ecossistema de meios de pagamento: bancos, adquirentes, bandeiras de aceitação, fabricantes de dispositivos, governo e agencias reguladoras, além das operadoras de telefonia celular e outros agentes indiretos. Também é relevante para a sociedade em geral, representada pelos varejistas, comerciantes e prestadores de serviço que poderão se utilizar de novos meios de pagamento móveis e dos usuários finais (compradores) os quais poderão contar com novos serviços e uma dinâmica alternativa de pagamento para efetuar suas transações.

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Cipriano, Pirgo Manuel. "Legal Aspects of Electronic Money: Financial Inclusion Instrument. The Peruvian Model." Derecho & Sociedad, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119096.

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In the first part, the background of electronic money is explained, then it provides a detailed account of how it has evolved in Africa, where there has been a huge success, given the advantages and applications it has, and how it has been working. Elsewhere, other models of electronic money that are emerging in the world, such as Google Wallet, Apple Pay, and experiences in Peru as Wanda and Your Mobile Money.In the third part, some aspects of the recent regulation of electronic money in Peru are required by Act No. 29985, which regulates the basic characteristics of electronic money. Finally, it details the recent proposal that ASBANC has been working on through the Model Peru, as well as technological and regulatory risks that still must be faced.
En una primera parte se explica los antecedentes del dinero electrónico, luego se pasa a exponer detalladamente de cómo éste se ha desarrollado en África, donde ha tenido un enorme éxito dadas las ventajas y aplicaciones que tiene, y la manera como viene funcionando. En otra parte se señalan otros modelos de dinero electrónico que vienen surgiendo en el mundo, tales como Google Wallet, Apple Pay, y experiencias en Perú como el de Wanda y Tu Dinero Móvil.En la tercera parte se precisan algunos aspectos de la reciente regulación del dinero electrónico en el Perú, mediante la Ley Nº 29985, que regula las características básicas del Dinero Electrónico. Finalmente se detalla la reciente propuesta que viene trabajando ASBANC, a través del Modelo Perú, así como los riesgos tecnológicos y regulatorios que aún se debe afrontar.

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Ibrahim, Chaibou Oumarou. "Rôle de la microfinance dans l'inclusion financière des pays de l'UEMOA : application au cas du Niger." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR034.

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L'inclusion financière est devenue un sujet important au cours des deux dernières décennies dans les politiques de développement de l'UEMOA. Cette zone se caractérise par un faible niveau d'inclusion financière en dépit de plusieurs stratégies et programmes visant à la renforcer. Cette thèse vise à analyser d’une part la situation de l'inclusion financière de l’'UEMOA et du Niger particulièrement, et d'autre part, à étudier le rôle de la microfinance dans l’accomplissement de cette dernière. Pour ce faire, nous avons construit un indice synthétique d'inclusion financière (ISIF) pour mesurer l'inclusion financière et classer ainsi les 8 pays de l'UEMOA. A travers un modèle économétrique en panel, nous avons montré que la microfinance contribue efficacement au renforcement de l'inclusion financière sous l’angle du mobile money et l'impact (sur l'ISIF) est supérieur à celui du secteur bancaire. Nous avons en outre analysé les déterminants de l'inclusion financière à deux niveaux : d'abord à l'échelle d’un pays, et à partir des données disponibles à la BCEAO et ensuite selon les caractéristiques des personnes à l’aide des données de l’enquête que nous avons réalisé auprès d’un échantillon de 512 adultes. Ces données ont également révélé un niveau d'éducation financière inquiétant en milieu rural comme en milieu urbain au Niger
Financial inclusion has become an important topic in the last two decades in WAEMU's development policies. This area is characterized by a low level of financial inclusion despite several strategies and programs to strengthen it. This thesis aims to analyze on the one hand the situation of the financial inclusion of UEMOA and Niger in particular, and on the other hand, to study the role of microfinance in the fulfillment of the latter. To do this, we built a synthetic financial inclusion index (ISIF) to measure financial inclusion and thus classify the 8 WAEMU countries. Through an econometric panel model, we have shown that microfinance effectively contributes to strengthening financial inclusion in terms of mobile money and the impact (on ISIF) is greater than that of the banking sector. In addition, we analyzed the determinants of financial inclusion at two levels: first, at the country level, and from the data available at the BCEAO and then according to the characteristics of the individuals using the data. of the survey we conducted with a sample of 512 adults. These data also revealed a worrying level of financial education in both rural and urban areas of Niger

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mobile-Money'

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