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Journal articles on the topic 'Mobile network operators (mnos)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Ekanoye, Femi, Temitope Olokunde, Victor Mbarika, and Philip Musa. "An Exploration of Relationships Between Mobile Network Operators (MNO) and Mobile Virtual Network Operations (MVNO) in Nigeria." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking 10, no. 2 (2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitn.2018040101.

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Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs) are of immense value to the mobile telecommunications industry as they provide services at an affordable rate to customers and work with Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) who own the telecommunication infrastructure. This is because Mobile Network Operators sell airtime at wholesale rates to Mobile Virtual Network Operators. The Mobile Virtual Network Operators retain their brand name whilst having an arrangement with their host who is the Mobile Network Operator (MNO). This article therefore identifies the bottlenecks experienced by MNOs in establishing

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Sacoto Cabrera, Erwin, Luis Guijarro, and Patrick Maillé. "Game Theoretical Analysis of a Multi-MNO MVNO Business Model in 5G Networks." Electronics 9, no. 6 (2020): 933. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9060933.

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This paper analyzes the economic feasibility of a business model for multi-Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) and Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs), which is an envisioned scenario in mobile telecommunications markets supported by 5G networks. A business model for the provision of service to end-users through an MVNO using the infrastructure support of two MNOs is proposed. We analyze the proposal though a model that captures both system and economic features. As regards the systems features, an MVNO provides service to final users using the infrastructure support of two MNOs. The agreemen

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3

Abbasian, Ezzatollah, and Ali Mohebbi. "Transformation Toward Technology Company (Techco), a Framework for Mobile Network Operators in Iran." Journal of Investment, Banking and Finance 2, no. 1 (2024): 01–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33140/jibf.02.01.13.

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Sharing, outsourcing, and partnership are shown as solutions to increase efficiency. Mobile Network Operators (MNO), used to outsource some functions and make partnerships, but the sharing perspective is still not clear. This paper aims to provide a framework in which MNOs share and utilize their resources more efficiently. Qualitative research was done through the analysis of website reports, documents, and interviews to find MNOs' current and future strategic focus as well as the dimensions of a united network. The MNOs' two main strategies are enhancing core business and developing digital

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4

Zeydan, Engin, and Ahmet Yildirim. "Reliability comparisons of mobile network operators: An experimental case." Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences 28, no. 1 (2020): 380–93. https://doi.org/10.3906/elk-1904-143.

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It is of great interest for Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) to know how well their network infrastructure performance behaves in dierent geographical regions of their operating country compared to their horizontal competitors. However, traditional network monitoring and measurement methods of network infrastructure use limited numbers of measurement points that are insucient for detailed analysis and expensive to scale using an internal workforce. On the other hand, the abundance of crowdsourced content can engender various unforeseen opportunities for MNOs to cope with this scaling problem.

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Turk, Yekta, and Engin Zeydan. "Satellite Backhauling for Next Generation Cellular Networks: Challenges and Opportunities." IEEE Communications Magazine 57, no. 12 (2019): 52–57. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.001.1900193.

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Recently, studies on integration of satellitebased communication with terrestrial next-generation cellular networks (5G) have emerged in academia, standardization bodies, and industry due to extended coverage and service enrichment possibilities for mobile network operators (MNOs). In this article, we (i) first review the existing studies on satellite-based mobile network architectures and standardization efforts, (ii) propose a new satellite-based backhaul architecture for mobile communications and evaluate comparative end-to-end performance of both proposed satellite based backhaul and pure

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Kitindi, Edvin Jonathan, Catherine Francis Mangare, and Asif Kabir. "Infrastructure Sharing for Cellular Networks in Tanzania." International Journal of Information Communication Technologies and Human Development 12, no. 1 (2020): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijicthd.2020010101.

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Infrastructure sharing is a practical resource utilization strategy among mobile network operators (MNOs). The rapid growth of data flow and technology migration has increased the costs for both infrastructure deployment and management. Hence, to ensure effective resource utilization, researchers propose a joint venture towers construction for the mobile network in Tanzania. Cost reduction analysis for tower construction has been done through game theory. It has been observed that there is significant cost saving by the MNOs sharing the infrastructure. Based on game theory, it was found that 5

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Olayinka, Obe Olumide, Sangodoyin Oluranti Olukemi, and Otti Chukwuemeka. "Assessment of Quality of Service of Mobile Network Operators in Akure." International Journal of Business Administration 10, no. 3 (2019): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijba.v10n3p118.

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This study assessed and compared the Quality of Service provided by the four major Mobile Network Operators(MNOs) in Akure, Nigeria as well as assessed their level of compliance with Nigerian Communications Commission standard. The study also examined the level of customer satisfaction on the services delivered by the MNOs. The effect of Quality of Service on the satisfaction of the customers of the MNOs was also investigated in this study.Primary data was collected in this study using both the drive test and survey questionnaire techniques. The drive test technique was used to collect data on

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J. Teri, Hillary, and Victoria Mahabi. "Evaluation of Cybersecurity in Remote Working Settings for Mobile Network Operators." Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology 43, no. 1 (2024): 204–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.52339/tjet.v43i1.1022.

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Cybersecurity has increasingly been a primary concern to people as technology advances and allows them to work remotely. This study thus evaluated the cybersecurity posture for organisations that have opted for remote working culture, whereas emerging cyber threats, practices to combat them, and appropriate guidelines for managing cyber threats were discussed. The study used a descriptive design with a quantitative approach from 118 information technology personnel working for Tanzania&#39;s three major mobile network operators (MNOs). SPSS analysed the collected data. The study revealed t

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Uchenna, Power Echetabu, Christopher Nwankwo Mbah, and Ignatius Nweke Eze. "EQUIPMENT CO-LOCATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE SHARING ON THE PERFORMANCE OF MOBILE NETWORK OPERATORS IN ENUGU STATE NIGERIA." International Journal of Allied Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET) 14, no. 10 (2023): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8410312.

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The study focused on the impact of equipment co-location and infrastructure sharing on the performance of mobile network operators in Enugu state, Nigeria. The study was guided by three objectives thus, to examine the effect of passive sharing on the operation of mobile network operators in Enugu state Nigeria, to evaluate the effect of active sharing on the capacity expansion of mobile network operators in Enugu state Nigeria, and to ascertain the effect of spectrum sharing on the efficiency of mobile network operators in Enugu state Nigeria. The study adopted descriptive survey in which quan

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10

Munganzi, Namakando, and Zivanai Mazhambe. "Evaluation of the Factors Affecting Mobile Money Operators’ Credit Access: A Case Study of Lusaka Central Business District." International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science XIII, no. IV (2024): 111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.51583/ijltemas.2024.130413.

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Background: The government of the Republic of Zambia had long emphasized the significance of fostering economic growth through enhanced access to financial services. However, the persistent issue of income inequality and sluggish economic expansion underscored the need for targeted interventions. In response, the emergence of Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) in the financial sector, offering a diverse range of services including credit access, represented a concerted effort to address these challenges. Despite these advancements, a comprehensive understanding of the determinants of MNOs' credit

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ANNA, ANGELOGIANNI, POLITIS ILIAS, MOHAMMADI FARNAZ, and XENAKIS CHRISTOS. "On Identifying Threats and Quantifying Cybersecurity Risks of Mnos Deploying Heterogeneous Rats." IEEE ACCESS 8 (December 16, 2020): 224677–701. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3045322.

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Wireless networks constitute a significant attack vector for adversaries due to their wide usage in our everyday life. As the fifth generation of wireless networks reaches maturity, several vulnerabilities affecting earlier generations have been resolved. Nevertheless the coexistence of legacy wireless technologies is giving rise to the risk of allowing adversaries to perform downgrade attacks, thus bypassing the improved security of the state-of-the-art communication networks. Vulnerabilities due to the trade-off between security and usability could also exist in the latest wireless networkin

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Antonopoulos, Angelos, Christos Verikoukis, Elli Kartsakli, Luis Alonso, and Alexandra Bousia. "Energy Efficient Infrastructure Sharing in Multi-Operator Mobile Networks." IEEE Communications Magazine 53, no. 5 (2015): 242–49. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.56450.

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Network infrastructure sharing and base station switching off mechanisms have been recently introduced as promising solutions toward energy and cost reduction in cellular networks. Although these techniques are usually studied independently, their combination offers new alternatives to MNOs for serving their users and could potentially provide them with additional benefits. In this article we introduce the concept of intra-cell roaming-based infrastructure sharing, where the MNOs may switch off their BSs and roam their traffic to active BSs operated by other MNOs in the same cell. Motivated by

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13

Lopes, Adriano, João Oliveira, Pedro Sebastião, Marco Sousa, and Pedro Vieira. "A Modular Web-Based Software Solution for Mobile Networks Planning, Operation and Optimization." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (2021): 7686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167686.

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Mobile networks management is increasingly critical due to heavy communications usage by customers and complex due to the multiple technologies and systems deployed. Thus, Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) are constantly looking for better software solutions and tools to help them increase network performance and manage their networks more efficiently. In this paper, we present a modular web-based software solution to tackle problems related to mobile network planning, operation and optimization. The solution is focused on a set of functional requirements carefully chosen to support the network

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14

Shah, Shashi, Somsak Kittipiyakul, Yuto Lim, and Yasuo Tan. "Collaborative Resource Management for Negotiable Multi-Operator Small Cell Networks." Sensors 19, no. 16 (2019): 3550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19163550.

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The ubiquitous coverage/connectivity requirement of wireless cellular networks has shifted mobile network operators’ (MNOs) interest toward dense deployment of small cells with coverage areas that are much smaller as compared to macrocell base stations (MBSs). Multi-operator small cells could provide virtualization of network resources (infrastructure and spectrum) and enable its efficient utilization, i.e., uninterrupted coverage and connectivity to subscribers, and an opportunity to avoid under-utilization of the network resources. However, a MNO with exclusive ownership to network resources

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15

Bousia, Alexandra, Elli Kartsakli, Angelos Antonopoulos, Luis Alonso, and Christos Verikoukis. "Game Theoretic Infrastructure Sharing in Multi-Operator Cellular Networks." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 65, no. 5 (2016): 3326–41. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2015.2445837.

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The introduction of fourth-generation wireless technologies has fueled the rapid development of cellular networks, significantly increasing the energy consumption and the expenditures of mobile network operators (MNOs). In addition, network underutilization during low-traffic periods (e.g., night zone) has motivated a new business model, namely, infrastructure sharing, which allows the MNOs to have their traffic served by other MNOs in the same geographic area, thus enabling them to switch off part of their network. In this paper, we propose a novel infrastructure-sharing algorithm for multiop

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El-Saleh, Ayman A., Abdulraqeb Alhammadi, Ibraheem Shayea, et al. "Measuring and Assessing Performance of Mobile Broadband Networks and Future 5G Trends." Sustainability 14, no. 2 (2022): 829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14020829.

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Mobile broadband (MBB) is one of the critical goals in fifth-generation (5G) networks due to rising data demand. MBB provides very high-speed internet access with seamless connections. Existing MBB, including third-generation (3G) and fourth-generation (4G) networks, also requires monitoring to ensure good network performance. Thus, performing analysis of existing MBB assists mobile network operators (MNOs) in further improving their MBB networks’ capabilities to meet user satisfaction. In this paper, we analyzed and evaluated the multidimensional performance of existing MBB in Oman. Drive tes

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Zmysłowski, Dariusz, and Jan M. Kelner. "Mobile Network Operators’ Assessment Based on Drive-Test Campaign in Urban Area for iPerf Scenario." Applied Sciences 14, no. 3 (2024): 1268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14031268.

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The development of new telecommunication services requires the implementation of advanced technologies and the next generations of networks. Currently, the Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is a widely used standard. On the other hand, more and more mobile network operators (MNOs) are implementing the fifth-generation (5G) New Radio standard in their networks. It allows for increasing throughput, spectral, and energy efficiency and maximizing coverage, while reducing latency. The effectiveness of the introduced changes is measured by assessing the quality of service (QoS) in mobile networks. The paper

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Khurshid, Hafiza Ammara, Farrukh Aziz Bhatti, Kashif Mehmood, Sobia Jangsher, and Aamir Habib. "Traffic Load-Based Spectrum Trading between Two Mobile Network Operators in HetNets Using Interference Management Technique." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (February 28, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4080110.

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The pursuit of achieving higher data rates in 5G and beyond has triggered numerous technological advancements. One of these is spectrum sharing between Mobile Network Operators (MNOs). In this work, we investigate the spectrum trading between two MNOs with disparate traffic loads in heterogeneous networks. A radio resource sharing technique is proposed that exploits resource block allocation with Interference Range (RBIR) to reduce interoperator interference prompted by spectrum trading. In addition, an algorithm for cooperative load-based spectrum trading at resource block level is proposed f

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Elbasheir, Mohammed S., Rashid A. Saeed, and Salaheldin Edam. "Multi-Technology Multi-Operator Site Sharing: Compliance Distance Analysis for EMF Exposure." Sensors 23, no. 3 (2023): 1588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031588.

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In recent years, the development of wireless technologies has led to fast growth in mobile networks, especially with the rise of 5G New Radio (5G NR). A huge number of base stations (BSs) are mandatory to serve the growth of mobile services, which has led to concerns about the increase in electromagnetic field (EMF) radiation exposure levels. To control the overall power emitted by EMF transmitters, international bodies have set maximum exposure limits. This paper investigates the compliance distances (CDs) of shared sites by a group of Mobile Network Operators (MNO) as multi-operators operati

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Martínez, Ricardo, Arturo Mayoral, Ricardo Vilalta, et al. "Integrated SDN/NFV Orchestration for the Dynamic Deployment of Mobile Virtual Backhaul Networks over a Multi-layer (Packet/Optical) Aggregation Infrastructure [Invited]." Optical Communications and Networks 9, no. 2 (2017): A135 — A142. https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.9.00A135.

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Future 5G networks will bring important challenges to network operators, such as the traffic load increase mainly due to the proliferation of mobile broadband communications. This will force mobile network operators (MNOs) redesigning and investing in their infrastructures [e.g., new equipment for radio access network (RAN), backhaul] to cope with such data growth. Aiming at lowering both capital expenditures and operational expenditures, current networking trends on network virtualization, software-defined networking (SDN), and network function virtualization (NFV) provide an appealing scenar

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Saha, Rony Kumer. "On Exploiting Millimeter-Wave Spectrum Trading in Countrywide Mobile Network Operators for High Spectral and Energy Efficiencies in 5G/6G Era." Sensors 20, no. 12 (2020): 3495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20123495.

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In this paper, we propose a dynamic exclusive-use spectrum access (DESA) method to improve the overall licensed millimeter-wave (mmWave) spectrum utilization of all mobile network operators (MNOs) in a country. By exploiting secondary spectrum trading, the proposed DESA method shares partly and exclusively the licensed mmWave spectrum of one MNO to another in a dynamic and on-demand basis for a certain agreement term. We formulate the proposed DESA method for an arbitrary number of MNOs in a country. We then present an iterative algorithm to find the optimal amount of shared spectrum for each

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Tiamiyu, O. A. "Analysis of QOS Delivered to Users of WCDMA Band in Different Locations: Case Study of University of Ilorin, Nigeria." Proceedings of Telecommunication Universities 5, no. 3 (2019): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31854/1813-324x-2019-5-3-45-56.

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Since 2001, which marked the advent of modern telephony in Nigeria, there is a significant increase in the capacity of the Mobile Network Operators (MNOs). Total connected active lines were quite over a hundred million according to the reports by Nigeria Communications Commission (NCC), the regulatory body in Nigeria. However, mobile telephone users in the country are experiencing poor quality of service at different locations in the country. Thus, NCC has set benchmark values for various keys performance Indicator. In this study, findings on the quality of service delivered to users of WCDMA

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Kelechi, Anabi Hilary, Uyi Aiyudubie Samson, Matthew Simeon, Okoyeigbo Obinna, Aligbe Alex, and Atayero Aaron Aderemi. "The quality of service of the deployed LTE technology by mobile network operators in Abuja-Nigeria." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 3 (2021): 2191. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i3.pp2191-2202.

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In this study, the real-world performance analysis of four Nigerian mobile network operators (MNOs), namely MTN, GLO, Airtel, and 9Mobile long-term evolution (LTE) cellular network, were analyzed and compared. The Nigerian MNOs utilize 5 MHz, 10 MH, and 20 MHz channel bandwidths based on third-generation partnership project’s (3 GPPs) recommendation. The presented analysis shows the uplink (UL), and downlink (DL) throughputs gaps in mobility condition as well as other LTE’s system quality of service (QoS) key performance indicators (KPI’s) of: Connection drop rate, connection failure rate, pea

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Oikonomakou, Maria, Angelos Antonopoulos, Luis Alonso, and Christos Verikoukis. "Evaluating Cost Allocation Imposed by Cooperative Switching Off in Multi-Operator Shared HetNets." IEEE Trans. on Vehicular Technology 66, no. 12 (2017): 11352–65. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2017.2719404.

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The anticipated explosion in the total data traffic load will impose to mobile network operators (MNOs) the necessity to densify their networks to provide coverage. At the same time, since MNOs plan their networks according to their high-peak traffic load, base station (BS) underutilization during the low traffic hours raises the issue of unnecessary power consumption and excessive cost. In this paper, we plan to study the energy and cost efficiency of a heterogeneous network (HetNet) that is a cooperation result of many MNOs. Each MNO is owner of a HetNet, composed of eNodeBs and small cells

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Zhang, Nan, Heikki Hämmäinen, and Hannu Flinck. "Cost efficiency of SDN-enabled service function chaining." info 18, no. 5 (2016): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/info-03-2016-0011.

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Purpose This paper models the cost efficiency of service function chaining (SFC) in software-defined LTE networks and compares it with traditional LTE networks. Design/methodology/approach Both the capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operational expenditure (OPEX) of the SFC are quantified using an average Finnish mobile network in 2015 as a reference. The modeling inputs are gathered through semi-structured interviews with Finnish mobile network operators (MNO) and network infrastructure vendors operating in the Finnish market. Findings The modeling shows that software-defined networking (SDN) ca

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Anabi, Hilary Kelechi, Aiyudubie Samson Uyi, Simeon Matthew, Obinna Okoyeigbo, Alex Aligbe, and Aaron Aderemi Atayero. "The quality of service of the deployed LTE technology by mobile network operators in Abuja-Nigeria." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 3 (2021): 2191–202. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i3.pp2191-2202.

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In this study, the real-world performance analysis of four Nigerian mobile network operators (MNOs), namely MTN, GLO, Airtel, and 9Mobile longterm evolution (LTE) cellular network, were analyzed and compared. The Nigerian MNOs utilize 5 MHz, 10 MH, and 20 MHz channel bandwidths based on third-generation partnership project’s (3 GPPs) recommendation. The presented analysis shows the uplink (UL), and downlink (DL) throughputs gaps in mobility condition as well as other LTE’s system quality of service (QoS) key performance indicators (KPI’s) of: Connection drop rate, connection

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Oikonomakou, Maria, Angelos Antonopoulos, Luis Alonso, and Christos Verikoukis. "Energy Sharing and Trading in Multi-Operator Heterogeneous Network Deployments." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 68, no. 5 (2019): 4975–88. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2019.2902925.

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With a view to the expected increased data traffic volume and energy consumption of the fifth generation networks, the use of renewable energy (RE) sources and infrastructure sharing have been embraced as energy and cost-saving technologies. Aiming at reducing cost and grid energy consumption, in the present paper, we study RE exchange (REE) possibilities in late-trend network deployments of energy harvesting (EH) macrocell and small cell base stations (EH-MBSs, EH-SBSs) that use an EH system, an energy storage system, and the smart grid as energy procurement sources. On this basis, we study a

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Datsika, Eftychia, Angelos Antonopoulos, Di Yuan, and Christos Verikoukis. "Matching Theory for Over-the-top Service Provision in 5G Networks." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 17, no. 8 (2018): 5452–64. https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2018.2844196.

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Modern over-the-top (OTT) applications can be accessed via Internet connections over cellular networks, possibly shared and managed by multiple mobile network operators (MNOs). The OTT service providers (OSPs) need to interact with MNOs, requesting resources for serving users of different categories and with different quality-of-service requirements. For this purpose, OSPs need OTT application flow prioritization in resource allocation, while the network resource scheduling should respect network neutrality that forbids OSP prioritization. OSPs also need to request resources periodically, acco

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Kwon, Young Min, Syed Tariq Shah, JaeSheung Shin, Ae-Soon Park, and Min Young Chung. "Performance Evaluation of Moving Small-Cell Network with Proactive Cache." Mobile Information Systems 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6013158.

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Due to rapid growth in mobile traffic, mobile network operators (MNOs) are considering the deployment of moving small-cells (mSCs). mSC is a user-centric network which provides voice and data services during mobility. mSC can receive and forward data traffic via wireless backhaul and sidehaul links. In addition, due to the predictive nature of users demand, mSCs can proactively cache the predicted contents in off-peak-traffic periods. Due to these characteristics, MNOs consider mSCs as a cost-efficient solution to not only enhance the system capacity but also provide guaranteed quality of serv

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Rekoputra, Nadhif Muhammad, Chia-Wei Tseng, Jui-Tang Wang, et al. "Implementation and Evaluation of 5G MEC-Enabled Smart Factory." Electronics 12, no. 6 (2023): 1310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12061310.

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A 5G network can provide more comprehensive bandwidth connectivity for the industry 4.0 environment, which requires faster and tremendous data transmission. This study demonstrates the 5G network performance evaluation with MEC, without MEC, WiFi 6, and Ethernet networks. Usually, a 5G network engages with Multi-access Edge Computing, providing the computing functions dedicated to the users on edge nodes. The MEC network architecture presents significant facilities, a network schematic, and data transmission routers. The field test performs high-definition streaming video and heavy-traffic loa

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Martha V. Edet, Unwana M. Ekpe, and Ubong S. Ukommi. "Advancing beyond 5G: A review of network densification strategies." World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences 15, no. 1 (2025): 774–79. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2025.15.1.0185.

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The advent of fifth-generation (5G) mobile technology represents a transformative leap in telecommunications, promising unprecedented speeds, reduced latency, and enhanced connectivity. In Nigeria, the deployment of 5G is crucial for meeting the surging demand for data driven by digital services, social media, and emerging technologies. This review paper, titled "Advancing Beyond 5G: A Review of Network Densification Strategies," explores the current state of 5G implementation in Nigeria, focusing on the roles of major Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) such as MTN, Airtel, Globacom, and 9mobile.

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Dike, Marcellinus C., and Elizabeth L. Rose. "Internationalization of mobile telecommunications: a systematic literature review." Review of International Business and Strategy 27, no. 3 (2017): 308–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ribs-01-2017-0004.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to map the relevant studies pertaining to internationalization in the mobile telecommunications (telecom) sector, with the aims of reflecting and categorizing what has already been studied on this topic, as a means of guiding future research. Design/methodology/approach The authors use the systematic literature review methodological approach, adopting the “Antecedents-Phenomenon-Consequences” theoretical framework as a guide. Consistent with this framework, they identify and categorize studies in the academic literature that have discussed the cross-border

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González-Plaza, Ana, Rafael Gutiérrez Cantarero, Rafael B. Arancibia Banda, and César Briso Rodríguez. "5G Based on MNOs for Critical Railway Signalling Services: Future Railway Mobile Communication System." Applied Sciences 12, no. 18 (2022): 9003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12189003.

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This paper describes the prototype and tests carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of implementing 4G/5G systems based on mobile network operators (MNOs) to transmit signalling critical data for railway systems as part of a possible solution for the Future Railway Mobile Communication System (FRMCS). This communication system design is performed from a protocol-stack perspective, introducing the KPIs for the physical layer (RSRP, RSRQ and SINR), network layer (latency and jitter) and application layer (signalling communication timeout). The analysis focuses on the characterisation of sign

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Kong, Yinghui, Wenchan Huang, and Baogang Li. "The Supply and Demand Mechanism of Electric Power Retailers and Cellular Networks Based on Matching Theory." Information 9, no. 8 (2018): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info9080192.

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With the rapid increase of wireless network traffic, the energy consumption of mobile network operators (MNOs) continues to increase, and the electricity bill has become an important part of the operating expenses of MNOs. The power grid as the power supplier of cellular networks is also developing rapidly. In this paper, we design two levels of bilateral matching algorithm to solve the energy management of micro-grid connected cellular networks. There are multiple retailers (sellers) and clusters (buyers) in our system model, which determine the transaction price and trading energy respective

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Zeydan, Engin, Ömer Dedeoglu, and Yekta Türk. "Real-time measurements and performance analysis of closed-loop MIMO service for mobile operators." Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences 29 (January 1, 2021): 276–90. https://doi.org/10.3906/elk-1912-81.

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As fifth generation (5G) networks are starting to become commercial, user expectations in terms of new services become high as well. This signifies that mobile communications service providers need to build robust 5G new services as quickly and cost-efficiently as possible. Many new technologies rely on closed-loop (CL) and multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technologies due to emerging cooperation between nodes in next generation networks. In this paper, we first compare different multiantenna transmission modes namely: transmit diversity, open-loop (OL), and CL MIMO spatial multiplexing s

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Kaltakis, Konstantinos, Alexandros Dimos, Ioannis Giannoulakis, Emmanouil Kafetzakis, and Charalampos Skianis. "A Reinforcement Learning-Based Reverse Auction Enforcing Smart Pricing Policies towards B5G Offloading Strategies." Electronics 13, no. 13 (2024): 2488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13132488.

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In this paper, we present our work on developing a Smart Pricing Policies module specifically designed for individual users and Mobile Network Operators (MNOs). Our framework will operate in a multi-MNO blockchain radio access network (B-RAN) and is tasked with determining prices for resource sharing among users and MNOs. Our sophisticated adaptive pricing system can adjust to situations where User Equipment (UE) shifts out of the coverage area of their MNO by immediately sealing a contract with a different MNO to cover the users’ needs. This way, we aim to provide financial incentives to MNOs

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Allawi, Yazan M., Alaelddin F. Y. Mohammed, Joohyung Lee, and Seong Gon Choi. "A Sustainable Business Model for a Neutral Host Supporting 5G and beyond (5GB) Ultra-Dense Networks: Challenges, Directions, and Architecture." Sensors 22, no. 14 (2022): 5215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22145215.

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With the deployment of the fifth generation (5G) mobile network systems and the envisioned heterogeneous ultra-dense networks (UDNs), both small cell (SmC) and distributed antenna system (DAS) technologies are required by mobile network operators (MNOs) and venue owners to support multiple spectrum bands, multiple radio access technologies (RATs), multiple optical central offices (COs), and multiple MNOs. As a result, the neutral host business model representing a third party responsible for managing the network enterprise on behalf of multiple MNOs has emerged as a potential solution, mainly

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Dienhart, Michael, and Qu Yanzhen. "Understanding the Predictive Relationship Between Wireless Network Experience and Customer Churn." European Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 9, no. 2 (2025): 20–27. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejece.2025.9.2.696.

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Wireless networks have transformed society, and their evolving capabilities support numerous economic and social goals. Continued investments in wireless technologies and network coverage by mobile network operators (MNOs) depends on their achieving a favorable return on investment. Retaining existing customers by reducing churn is the most financially efficient means to improve economic returns, however the causes of customer churn are not fully understood due to the lack of studies on the relationship between wireless network quality and customer churn. This quantitative study leveraged exis

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Joel, Rumanyika. "Contemporary Challenges Facing Mobile Networks Operators: A Comparative Survey Reflecting Migration from 3rd Generation to 4th Generation of Mobile Communications Between Tanzania and other Parts of the World." International Journal of Engineering Works (ISSN:2409-2770) 3, no. 3 (2016): 6–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.59754.

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Nowadays in Tanzania, some telecommucation companies also known as Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) are investing heavily in mobile broadband technologies including new base stations, higher-bandwidth tower connections and new backhaul solutions to meet emerging 4G/LTE requirements. Fourth generation wireless systems(4G) are likely to reach the consumer market in another few years and it  comes with the promise that it will increased bandwidth, higher speeds ,greater interoperability across communication protocols, user friendly, innovative and secure applications. However, there are a lot

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El-Saleh, Ayman A., Majan Abdullah Al Jahdhami, Abdulraqeb Alhammadi, Zaid Ahmed Shamsan, Ibraheem Shayea, and Wan Haslina Hassan. "Measurements and Analyses of 4G/5G Mobile Broadband Networks: An Overview and a Case Study." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2023 (April 14, 2023): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6205689.

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Mobile data has become an integral part of everyday life, making Internet trends more and more profound and deeply embedded in life and the future. Mobile broadband (MBB) is one of the main aims of fifth-generation (5G) networks due to unprecedented growth in data demand. However, 5G networks are not yet deployed in many countries, whereas existing MBB networks, such as third generation (3G) and fourth generation (4G), are available in most world countries. As a result, there is a need to monitor and troubleshoot end-to-end network performance and ensure a better user experience. This paper pr

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Walubengo, John N., and Sam Takavarasha Jr. "The Challenges of Using Zero-Rating (Free Basics) for Addressing the Affordability of ICT Access in Developing Countries." International Journal of ICT Research in Africa and the Middle East 6, no. 2 (2017): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijictrame.2017070104.

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As the body of evidence on the usefulness of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for poverty reduction and development continues to grow, mobile network operators (MNOs), development agencies, and regulators are employing various measures to increase universal access. These measures are motivated by corporate social responsibility, pro-poor ideologies, and regulatory requirements imposed by regulators. While regulators have employed price controls and infrastructure sharing, MNOs have employed free basics to provide internet access to those who could not afford it. The introductio

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Al-Debei, Mutaz M., Enas Al-Lozi, and Omar Al-Hujran. "Critical design and evaluation factors of mobile business models." Journal of Enterprise Information Management 28, no. 5 (2015): 698–717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeim-05-2014-0050.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to define critical design and evaluation factors of business models (BM) for mobile network operators (MNOs) in general, and more specifically for mobile data services. Design/methodology/approach – This paper follows a qualitative approach. Aiming to identify critical design factors for mobile BMs, this research, as a part of larger research, examines three real-life cases related to mobile data service BM design and engineering. These cases are Orange Business Services (OBS); Apple’s iPhone services and applications, and NTT DoCoMo’s i-mode service. Fin

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Ahmed, Awwad. "The impact of over-the-top service providers on the Global Mobile Telecom Industry: A quantified analysis and recommendations for recovery." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 21, no. 1 (2024): 1638–69. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13337079.

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Telecom industry is significantly evolving all over the globe than ever. Mobile users’ number is increasing remarkably. Telecom operators are investing to get more users connected and to improve user experience, however, they are facing various challenges. Decrease of main revenue streams of voice calls, SMS (Short Message Service) and LDC (Long distance calls) with a significant increase in data traffic. In contrary, with free cost, OTT (Over the top) providers such as WhatsApp and Facebook communication services rendered over networks that built and owned by MNOs. Recently, OTT service

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Banda-Nyirenda, Eluphy, Gaone Geoffrey Seleka, Charity Chitalu Mwanza, and Thomas Phiri. "A Leapfrog To Financial Inclusion: The Role of Mobile Money and Digital Financial Services on Financial Inclusion and Its Implications for Other Developing Economies." IJEBD (International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business Development) 7, no. 4 (2024): 671–81. https://doi.org/10.29138/ijebd.v7i4.2604.

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Purpose: This study offers a thorough empirical analysis of Botswana's current financial inclusion situation, aiming to measure and evaluate the direct impact of mobile money and digital financial services offered by mobile network operators (MNOs) and commercial banks on the financial behaviour, access to financial services, and overall financial inclusion status of the unbanked population in Botswana. These study objectives are expected to have possible implications for other developing nations or economies. Design/methodology/approach: The study adopted a pragmatic philosophy, combining pos

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Willemen, Pieter, Daniela Laselva, Yu Wang, Istvan Kovács, Relja Djapic, and Ingrid Moerman. "SON for LTE-WLAN access network selection: design and performance." EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking 2016, no. 1 (2016): 230. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-016-0726-x.

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Mobile network operators (MNOs) are deploying carrier-grade Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) as an important complementary system to cellular networks. Access network selection (ANS) between cellular and WLAN is an essential component to improve network performance and user quality-of-service (QoS) via controlled loading of these systems. In emerging heterogeneous networks characterized by different cell sizes and diverse WLAN deployments, automatic tuning of the network selection functionality plays a crucial role. In this article, we present two distinct Self-Organizing Network (SON) schem

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Mei, Xiaowei, Hsing Kenneth Cheng, Subhajyoti Bandyopadhyay, Liangfei Qiu, and Lai Wei. "Sponsored Data: Smarter Data Pricing with Incomplete Information." Information Systems Research 33, no. 1 (2022): 362–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/isre.2021.1063.

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With the development of data-intensive internet services, the world has witnessed explosive growth in mobile data consumption during the last couple of years. The upcoming generation of 5G-capable phones and networks will continue and even accelerate that process. At the same time, consumers are becoming more conscious about their data consumption because their monthly caps of mobile data plans can be easily exhausted by premium content, such as high-definition videos and virtual-reality games. In response, the mobile network operators (MNOs) have proposed a new business model, the so-called s

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Billy, Kaombe, Mukosa Francis, Windu Matoka Dr., and Mukuma Rabbie. "Creative Destruction – An Inevitable Reality for the Financial Services Sector in Zambia?" International Journal of Current Science Research and Review 04, no. 12 (2021): 1729–42. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijcsrr/V4-i12-17.

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Abstract : The financial services sector in Zambia has become increasingly exposed to the ever-growing challenges posed by mobile network operators (MNOs). The introduction of mobile money by MNOs has witnessed increased usage of mobile money services. During the same period, there has been a noticeable decline in the usage of digital banking services. The research study therefore sought to establish whether there was a correlation between increased usage of mobile money services and usage of digital banking services in Zambia. The study was quantitative in nature and was based on secondary da

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Ibañez, Fabricio, and Eduardo Saavedra. "Hacia una nueva política de cargos de acceso en telefonía móvil." Economía y Política 9, no. 1 (2022): 65–99. https://doi.org/10.15691/07194714.2022.003.

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This paper shows that the regulatory policy of access charges in mobile telephony in Chile, based on the marginal costs of providing access to networks, is very inefficient and suggests its modification. Indeed, access charges are set well above the optimal ones, which discourages the entry of Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs), a way to provide dynamism to this industry. We arrive at this conclusion by modeling an oligopolistic market in which two Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) and a single MVNO compete, which is calibrated in its demand and cost parameters to compare the marginal cost

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Bousia, Alexandra, Elli Kartsakli, Angelos Antonopoulos, Luis Alonso, and Christos Verikoukis. "Multiobjective Auction-based Switching Off Scheme in Heterogeneous Networks To Bid or Not To Bid?" IEEE Transactions On Vehicular Technology 65, no. 11 (2016): 9168–80. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2016.2517698.

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The emerging data traffic demand has caused a massive deployment of network infrastructure, including Base Stations (BSs) and Small Cells (SCs), leading to increased energy consumption and expenditures. However, the network underutilization during low traffic periods enables the Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) to save energy by having their traffic served by third party SCs, thus being able to switch off their BSs. In this paper, we propose a novel market approach to foster the opportunistic utilization of the unexploited SCs capacity, where the MNOs, instead of requesting the maximum capacity

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Bousia, Alexandra, Aspassia Daskalopulu, and Elpiniki I. Papageorgiou. "Double Auction Offloading for Energy and Cost Efficient Wireless Networks." Mathematics 10, no. 22 (2022): 4231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10224231.

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Network infrastructure sharing and mobile traffic offloading are promising technologies for Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) to provide energy and cost effective services. In order to decrease the energy requirements and the capital and operational expenditures, Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) and third parties cooperate dynamically with changing roles leading to a novel market model, where innovative challenges are introduced. In this paper, a novel resource sharing and offloading algorithm is introduced based on a double auction mechanism where MNOs and third parties buy and sell capacity an

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