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Journal articles on the topic 'Mobile switching center'
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Aye, Myat Myat Myo, and Chi Soe Zar. "Comparative Study on Mobile Switching Center of Mobile Generations." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 3, no. 5 (2019): 1343–49. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3590731.
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The world of mobile wireless communication is rapidly developing. The last few years have experience a remarkable growth in wireless industry. Just within a decade, an evolution of wireless service people used every day can be completely dumbfounded from the roots of analog based first generation service 1G to today's truly broadband ready fourth generation networks. The ever growing demands for higher data rates, greater capacity and better quality of services triggered operations to come up with new network technologies. There are many improvements of mobile generations in the world of telecommunication. Mobile Switching Center can perform various types of function in mobile communication. It also connects VLR Visitor Location Register , HLR Home Location Register , AuC Authentication Center and EIR Equipment Identity Register and they are essential needing for mobile communication. This paper represents the introduction about evolution from 1G to 4G system and discusses about the main elements in Mobile Switching Center eventually it includes comparison of Mobile Switching Center in every mobile generations. Aye Myat Myat Myo | Zar Chi Soe "Comparative Study on Mobile Switching Center of Mobile Generations" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26643.pdf
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Gauldin, Mark A., Jon H. Horwedel, Jack P. Kozik, Robin J. Thompson, and Randall J. Wilson. "The 5ESS® Wireless Mobile Switching Center." AT&T Technical Journal 72, no. 4 (1993): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1993.tb00549.x.
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Wilson, Randall J., and John J. Mac Namara. "Cellular and PCS Digital-Mobile-Services Switching Center." AT&T Technical Journal 73, no. 6 (1994): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1994.tb00620.x.
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Biswash, Sanjay Kumar, and Chiranjeev Kumar. "A Novel Prediction-Based Location Management Technique for Mobile Networks." International Journal of Mobile Computing and Multimedia Communications 5, no. 4 (2013): 15–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmcmc.2013100102.
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In this paper, the authors have proposed a new prediction-based location management scheme for cellular networks. The current mobile switching centre predicts the previous mobile switching center of user, and then imports the data about the mobile terminal from that. For this purpose it uses a prediction table, which is based on the neighboring location areas. The analytical model and formulation presents the conceptual schema of proposed scheme. The performance comparisons and numerical analysis is helpful to find out the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed system, with respect to existing location management techniques. It has been observed that, the registration cost, and the network overhead at mobile switching center have been reduced in the proposed prediction-based scheme.
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Pahlevi, Reka, and Mudrik Alaydrus. "Optimalisasi Mobile Switching Center Untuk Meningkatkan Performansi Voice Teknologi CDMA 2000 1X EVDO Rev.A." Jurnal Telekomunikasi dan Komputer 2, no. 1 (2017): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/incomtech.v2i1.1104.
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Dalam era persaingan industri saat ini, kepuasan pelanggan menjadi sangat penting, sehingga peningkatan kualitas layanan secara terus menerus sangat diperlukan, studi penelitian ini ditujukan guna meningkatan kualitas performansi voice pada PT XYZ Telecom yang merupakan salah satu operator berteknologi Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) menjadi lebih baik dengan optimalisasi Mobile Switching Center sehingga kepuasan pelanggan tercapai, kemudian menganalisa hubungan antara MSC dengan Network Element lainnya yang telah terintegrasi. Penelitian ini dibatasi hanya pada area yang di-cover oleh Mobile Switching Center regional Jabodetabek.
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Ram, Mangey, and Kuldeep Nagiya. "Performance evaluation of mobile communication system with reliability measures." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 33, no. 3 (2016): 430–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-01-2015-0013.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate performance of mobile communication system with reliability measures. Design/methodology/approach – The mobile communication system consists of a mobile station (MS), base transceiver station (BTS), base station controller (BSC) and the mobile switching center. The MS is connected to BTS, BTS is connected to BSC and BSC is connected with the mobile switching system. With the help of these stations working, the authors have developed a mathematical model using Markovian approach. Findings – Using the supplementary variable technique, the Laplace transformations and Markov process theory, the reliability indices of the mobile communication system are determined. Originality/value – In the present work, the authors have developed a mathematical model based on a mobile communication system.
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Anyahara, I. C., and G. N. Onoh. "Mitigation of the Impact of Cooling System Failure in a Mobile Switching Center Using an Adaptive Controller." American Journal of Applied Sciences and Engineering 3, no. 6 (2022): 1–26. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7413430.
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<em>The aim of this research work is to develop an adaptive controller to mitigate the impact of cooling failure in a mobile switching center prefab room(s) during power or cooling failure. Heat build-up inside the telecom room is unavoidable since the cooling systems do not work during a power outage causing rapid rising temperature above ASHREA recommended guideline of 18 to 22oC for optimum performance. This heat if unmanaged during a power loss leads to total or partial services downtime, and as a result, data is lost, customer quality of experience (QoE) is impacted, business reputation is damaged, and revenue is lost. The characterization and simulation results presented in Table 2 and 5 shows that the combined cooling reliability of all the prefab rooms was 58.54% at 744hrs and suggests that only 58.54% of the prefab rooms can sustain cooling after a one-month cycle period. Further checks on the combined cooling reliability gave 83.53% at 250hrs for same failure rate and calls for urgent and stringent maintenance program to be developed for 250hrs cycle and proactively applied to the cooling units on a need basis to improve the reliability of the older units especially during the heat season of the year. This should be in addition to the already existing 744hrs maintenance cycle. Also, the test result of the developed Adaptive controller shows an improvement in MTTR from about 60 mins to < 2 mins and validates the ability of the controller to improve the overall system reliability to 99.982% required for high performance of the switching center and public safety as specified by ANSI/TIA. Lastly, the developed Adaptive controller will mitigate the impact of cooling failure in any of the mobile switching center prefab rooms and can be implemented in any telecommunication room where cooling is critical for optimum operation.</em>
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HONG, Jung Man, and Jong Hyup LEE. "Optimal Mobile Switching Center Positioning and Cells Assignment Using Lagrangian Heuristic." IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences E94.A, no. 11 (2011): 2425–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transfun.e94.a.2425.
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Hassan, Md. Rakib, Hasan K., and MMA Hashem. "Cellant: Agent Based Dynamic Routing For Cellular Communication Network ." DIU Journal of Science & Technology 7, no. 2 (2024): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13743896.
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Cellular telecommunication is one of the fastest growing and most demanding telecommunication applications ever. In cellular telecommunication, an adaptive call establishment between two BTS (Base Transceiver Station) which are under diflerent MSC (Mobile Switching Center) is an intelligent routing procedure. This paper presents Cell/int, an agent based routing algorithm for BTS search in the Mobile communication network. In Ce//Ant, a set of cooperating agents called ants cooperate to find shortest path. It’s a mobile agent based algorithm which is inspired by the Ant Colony System (ACS). CellAnt algorithm is used for dynamic routing in the mobile communication network. The experiments are rim for various traflic distributions. CellAnt have showed very good performances with respect to its competitors.
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Lee, Anne Y., and Bohdan L. Bodnar. "Architecture and performance analysis of packet-based mobile switching center-to-base station traffic communications for TDMA." Bell Labs Technical Journal 2, no. 3 (2002): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bltj.2065.
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Moroz, Serhii, Anatolii Tkachuk, Mykola Khvyshchun, Stanislav Prystupa, and Mykola Yevsiuk. "METHODS FOR ENSURING DATA SECURITY IN MOBILE STANDARDS." Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska 12, no. 1 (2022): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/iapgos.2877.
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The analysis of mobile communication standards is carried out, the functional structure and interfaces of interaction between the structural elements of the cellular network are considered. To understand the principle of communication according to the GSM standard, a block diagram of a mobile switching center (MSC), base station equipment (BSS), control and service center (MCC), mobile stations (MS) is presented. The main algorithms for ensuring the confidentiality and security of mobile subscribers' data, in different types of standards, as well as the vulnerabilities of information flows are considered. In particular, the following dangerous types of attacks have been identified, to which mobile network subscribers are sensitive: sniffing; leakage of personal data; leakage of geolocation data; spoofing; remote capture of SIM-card, execution of arbitrary code (RCE); denial of service (DoS). It is established that the necessary function of the mobile network is the identification of subscribers, which is performed by IMSI, which is recorded in the SIM card of the subscriber and the HLR of the operator. To protect against spoofing, the network authenticates the subscriber before starting its service. In the case of subscriber identification, the subscriber and the network operator are protected from the effects of fraudulent access. In addition, the user must be protected from eavesdropping. This is achieved by encrypting the data transmitted over the radio interface. Thus, user authentication in UMTS, as well as in the GSM network, is carried out using encryption with a common key using the "hack-response" protocol (the authenticating party sends a random number to the authenticated party, which encrypts it according to a certain algorithm using a common key and returns the result back).
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Ufuah, Charles, and Rex Usiade. "Analysis and Modeling of Intelligent Channel Allocation Techniques in Mobile Communication Systems." GPH-International Journal of Computer Science and Engineering 8, no. 01 (2025): 13–25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15202001.
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This study is on the analysis and modeling of intelligent channel allocation techniques in mobile communication systems where different channel allocation techniques were considered in mobile communication systems. Also, the different channels which are used in the cellular networks were sufficiently described. Various parameters in mobile communication system that are related to channel allocation techniques and blocked calls were identified and discussed. Data collection was carried out from the Network Switching Center of a highly established and reputable Telecommunication Operator. Data were collected both from the Base Transceiver Stations (BTS), the Base Station Controller (BSC) and the Mobile Switching Centre (MSC), at different locations in Nigeria. These data were collected at different times on monthly basis for a period of thirty six (36) months in the course of this study. Proteus software was used to analyze data collected to enhance the simulation set up. A model (GRACE MODEL) of intelligent channel allocation technique algorithm was developed to reduce the call blocking and also call dropping probability. To authenticate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, the simulation result was demonstrated respectively showing normal capacity; over capacity; rerouting to neighbouring sector, e.t.c. It was observed that with the use of the proposed channel re-assignment strategies algorithm, the radio coverage at large distances had more increase in the system channel capacity. It was also observed that the blocked calls (the chance that a call will have no service) were highly reduced due to intelligent philosophy in the developed model. Additionally, the model helped to scale up performance and provided great improvement in network spectral and energy efficiency.
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Ma, David C. "Deterministic-based performance modeling of a cluster of nodes handling subscriber profile query and update in CDMA mobile switching center." Bell Labs Technical Journal 12, no. 1 (2007): 247–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bltj.20230.
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Tao, Yuan, Chunyan Gao, Yusheng Shi, Manhong Li, Minglu Zhang, and Dongle Liu. "Analysis of Motion Characteristics and Stability of Mobile Robot Based on a Transformable Wheel Mechanism." Applied Sciences 12, no. 23 (2022): 12348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122312348.
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In this research, we propose a novel wheel-legged mobile robot to address the problems of insufficient obstacle-crossing performance and poor motion flexibility of mobile robots in non-structural environments. Firstly, we designed the transformable wheel mechanism and tail adaptive mechanism. Secondly, the kinematic model of the robot is established and solved by analyzing the whole motion and wheel-legged switching motion for the operation requirements under different road conditions. By synthesizing the constraint relationships among the modules and analyzing the robot’s obstacle-crossing abilities, we systematically established the mechanical model of the robot when it encounters obstacles. Thirdly, we studied the stability of the robot based on the stable cone method in the case of slope and unilateral transformation wheel deployment and achieved the tipping condition in the critical state. Finally, we used ADAMS software to simulate and analyze the driving process of the robot in various types of terrain and obstacles in order to verify that it has superior performance through obstacles and motion flexibility. The analysis shows that the robot can passively adapt to various complex and variable obstacle-filled terrains with obstacle heights which are much higher than its center of gravity range. The results of the study can provide a reference for the structural optimization and the obstacle-crossing performance improvement of mobile robots.
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Febriyanto, Devied. "ANALISA EFEKTIFITAS SISTEM HOTEL BTS PADA PERUSAHAAN TELEKOMUNIKASI ( STUDI KASUS PT TELKOMSEL Tbk)." E-Link: Jurnal Teknik Elektro dan Informatika 20, no. 1 (2025): 45–52. https://doi.org/10.30587/e-link.v20i1.9728.
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Telkomsel, Tbk adalah salah satu operator jaringan Telekomunikasi di Indonesia. Sampai tahun 2024 ini, PT. Telkomsel, Tbk terus membangun jaringan baru di wilayah Jabodetabek. Salah satu alasannya adalah traffic yang sangat tinggi di wilayah Jabodetabek terutama traffic data. Ekspansi jaringan di Jabodetabek ini meliputi penambahan BTS (Base Transceiver Station) dan tentunya link penghubung antar BTS ke BSC (Base Station Controler) dan MSC (Mobile Switching Center). Sehubungan dengan hal tersebut, maka diperlukan suatu perencanaan jaringan yang baik agar diperoleh performansi yang optimum. Dari sisi BTS, perlu direncanakan terutama dalam hal kapasitas kanal. Sedangkan kendala yang dihadapi untuk wilayah jabodetabek adalah keterbatasan lahan dan biaya operasional untuk mendirikan sebuah site. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut maka PT Telkomsel bekerjasama dengan beberapa operator telekomunikasi mencoba sebuah solusi dengan membangun sistem Hotel BTS. Pada sistem ini PT. Telkomsel, Tbk menggunakan medium transmisi fiber optik untuk mengaplikasikan sistem Hotel BTS tersebut. Kata kunci : traffic meningkat, perencanaan jaringan, sistem hotel BTS
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Xun, Zhiyuan, Guanglong Du, Wenbo Zhu, et al. "An anti-parallelogram ring four-array rolling mechanism with multiple rolling gaits for mobile robots." Mechanical Sciences 16, no. 1 (2025): 25–40. https://doi.org/10.5194/ms-16-25-2025.
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Abstract. Compared with the traditional mobile robots, the new concept mobile robots have greater deformation capability and richer mobile gait; similarly, they have a better capability to adapt to the environment. This paper presents a ring four-array rolling mechanism that consists of four anti-parallelogram mechanisms with revolute joints. The mechanism is connected by four anti-parallelograms in a looped configuration and has a not-totally-closed ring shape, whose external contour is similar to that of a quadrangular prism. The mechanism has planar and spherical patterns of locomotion, in which the planar pattern of locomotion includes the parallelogram rolling gait and the anti-parallelogram tumbling gait, and the spherical pattern of locomotion includes the spherical rolling gait. On this basis, the kinematic analysis of the two patterns of locomotion is carried out to obtain the positions of each point and the center of mass (CM) of the mechanism. The feasibility of the rolling locomotion of the mechanism is verified by the moving trajectory of the CM. According to analyzing the feasibility of the mechanism's obstacle-crossing and moving strategy, the mechanism is made to complete the switch between different motion modes. Through the establishment of a dynamic model and simulation, the analysis of the rolling gait of the mechanism is completed, and a prototype is made for experimental research. The results show that the anti-parallelogram ring four-array rolling mechanism has the basic rolling capability of linear movement and steering. Furthermore, in the initial state of the mechanism, the mechanism enables flexible switching between multiple rolling gaits.
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Setyoadi, Eddy Triswanto, and Titasari Rahmawati. "Technology Acceptance Model to Factors Customer Switching on Online Shopping Technology: Literature Review." Sinkron 9, no. 1 (2024): 196–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.33395/sinkron.v9i1.12993.
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Customer loyalty is a phenomenon that is the center of attention of an organization or company because it greatly influences the continuity and development of the organization. Customers are said to be loyal if they have affection for a company's products or services. So that loyal customers will express this affection by saying positive things about the company's products or services to friends, relatives and co-workers. However, if customers feel uncomfortable with a company's products and services, there is a possibility that customers will switch from loyal to disloyal. This is usually called customer switching. This research is based on a systematic review of the influence of usability and ease of use of online shopping applications as well as the factors causing customers to switch from online shopping applications to mobile retail applications. Three phases are used in this study's systematic literature review (SLR). The factors that were discovered were categorized using three main themes. Interconnected among these three elements are perceived utility, perceived ease of use, and behavioral intention to use. This study also found that when TAM is added as a new component to gauge the intention to adopt an online shopping application, "trust, ease, and information quality" are the most important factors. By carefully identifying the effects of online shopping application on business management, this research contributes theory. The findings assist online shopping application service providers in formulating sensible plans for foreseeing and enhancing clients' intentions to use online shopping applications.
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Kachhatiya, Vivek, and Shanthi Prince. "Performance Analysis of High Data Rate Wavelength Division Multiplexed Passive Optical Networks (WDM-PON) for Mobile Backhaul Application." Frequenz 72, no. 11-12 (2018): 561–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/freq-2018-0034.
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Abstract In this work, we propose a sixteen channel wavelength division multiplexed passive optical network (WDM-PON) architecture which provides seamless connectivity between mobile switching center (MSC) and base transceiver stations (BTS) and also serves the fiber to the home (FTTH) users. WDM-PON based mobile backhaul network is considered to be a prime solution due to its quick deployment and reduced cost. Due to growing demand for connectivity and data transmission, the number of wavelengths are increasing day by day. The bit error rate (BER) performance is analyzed for the discrete data rates per wavelength (viz. 2.5 Gbps, 5 Gbps, 10 Gbps, 20 Gbps, and 40 Gbps) at discrete reach for 16 channel WDM-PON. The optical spectrum of sixteen channel WDM-PON is observed for different data rates at multiplexer output and the same is analyzed after fiber distance of 20 km. The fiber reach of the WDM-PON is varied, and its effect on the performance parameter like bit error rate (BER) and Quality Factor (Q-Factor) is observed on BER analyzer for the discrete data rates per wavelength. It is found that as data rate per wavelength increases, the error-free reach of the WDM-PON system decreases. Proposed WDM-PON architecture performs superior to the compared work under similar initial conditions.
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Ding, Fei, Dengyin Zhang, Wanping Wang, and Zhenzhong Lei. "A Low Complexity Active Sensing and Inspection System for Monitoring of Moveable Radiation Environments." Journal of Sensors 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8096012.
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Due to the portable property of moveable radiation sources, the traditional monitoring method is becoming increasingly unsuitable and it is urgent to provide an effective and low-cost method. This paper presents an active monitoring scheme for moveable radiation environments, the in situ monitoring, including a radiation detection node, an infrared proximity node, and an alarm node; these three schemes communicate with each other through the ZigBee wireless network. An active monitoring mechanism which realizes the automatic judgment of radiation source inbound or outbound state is proposed, thereby automatically switching the data sampling mode under different working conditions, so as to reduce the energy consumption of nodes. Based on the mobile terminal client application to interact with the monitoring center, a collaborative management mode between enterprise users and the environmental protection department is realized. A testbed of a simple active sensing and inspection system is created to test its user interaction capabilities. Experimental results prove that the system schedule proposed can effectively detect and dynamically monitor the moveable radiation source. The system can be easily replicated and extended to more environmental monitoring network.
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Hussain, Niamat, Adnan Ghaffar, Syeda Iffat Naqvi, Adnan Iftikhar, Dimitris E. Anagnostou, and Huy H. Tran. "A Conformal Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna with Multiband and Wideband Characteristics." Sensors 22, no. 7 (2022): 2601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22072601.
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A compact flexible multi-frequency antenna for smart portable and flexible devices is presented. The antenna consists of a coplanar waveguide-fed slotted circular patch connected to a rectangular secondary resonator (stub). A thin low-loss substrate is used for flexibility, and a rectangular stub in the feedline is deployed to attain wide operational bandwidth. A rectangular slot is etched in the middle of the circular patch, and a p-i-n diode is placed at its center. The frequency reconfigurability is achieved through switching the diode that distributes the current by changing the antenna’s electrical length. For the ON state, the antenna operates in the UWB region for −10 dB impedance bandwidth from 2.76 to 8.21 GHz. For the OFF state of the diode, the antenna operates at the ISM band (2.45/5.8 GHz), WLAN band (5.2 GHz), and lower X-band (8 GHz) with a minimum gain of 2.49 dBi and a maximum gain of 5.8 dBi at the 8 GHz band. Moreover, the antenna retains its performance in various bending conditions. The proposed antenna is suitable for modern miniaturized wireless electronic devices such as wearables, health monitoring sensors, mobile Internet devices, and laptops that operate at multiple frequency bands.
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Лутай, Л. М., та К. А. Добросол. "АПАРАТНО-ПРОГРАМНЕ МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ПІСЛЯАВАРІЙНОГО МОНІТОРИНГУ АЕС". Open Information and Computer Integrated Technologies, № 84 (2 липня 2019): 170–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/oikit.2019.84.10.
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From the beginning of the XXI century mankind is experiencing the fourth Industrial Revolution Industry 4.0. This process is a massive introduction of cyber-physics systems, systems for processing and analysis of large data arrays, the use of InternetofThings in industry and automation, and widespread digitization [1]. InternetofThings closely connects various types and types of devices, enterprises, technology, mobile communications, etc. [2]. Such an association within the industry poses high requirements for safety, reliability, speed, uninterrupted work and protection of devices, as well as communication channels between them. On its own, high requirements apply when it comes to objects with critical infrastructure. The category of such include nuclear power plants (NPPs). In this article, a model for data transmission to a crisis center in the event of an accident is proposed. Also presented software and technical implementation of the proposed model. This work is devoted to the creation of a prototype of a software and hardware complex simulating the process of monitoring the NPP power unit. Software-hardware complex is a practical implementation of one of the proposed models of systems after emergency monitoring (RAMS). The development consists of two levels. At the lower level, which is the hardware level, there are sensors, microcontroller, hardware. At the upper level is the information system, which allows within the crisis center to get the values of indicators from the sensors in a convenient and visual form, to store, archive data. In addition, the crisis center has the ability to control the system stabilization of the power unit during an accident, for example, by switching on cooling devices. Data from the power unit can be quickly received by external experts (EEs) located in other countries of the world, without losing time to install software applications or specific software. Crisis center and a group of external experts take decisions on the elimination of the accident or through the usual situation. Due to the proposed model of data transmission, it is possible to obtain as much data as possible about the state of the accident for further liquidation. The article also presents the experimental part of the work.
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Wang, Kuan-Yuan, Cheng-Sheng Chen, Hui-Mei Chen, and I.-Te Chen. "A Pilot Study of an Innovative Model of Care Delivery: Service Robot for Older People with Dementia in a Rural Community." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 927–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3402.
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Abstract Background: The telehealth approach offers enhanced service delivery for older patients living in rural areas. Purpose: We conducted a pilot study to evaluate the feasibility of using the Zenbo robot to improve the quality of care of elderly individuals with dementia. Methodology: In this study, we developed a digital solution on service robots and smart devices, which can leverage the capacity of the user-friendly interactive interface and digital dialog system. A group of eleven volunteered older adults was selected for this study. To assess the likability and acceptance of the Zenbo, we conducted a one-on-one (robot vs human) pilot study in our long-term care stations. Each participant engaged in conversational interactions for five consecutive days and completed a survey of 12 questions about the experiences they had with the Zenbo, at the beginning and the end of the study respectively. Results: Subjects with lower GDS-15 scores have more positive attitudes toward the robot before the intervention. 27% of older adults had an increase in positive attitudes toward the interaction with the Zenbo robot. With the aid of teleoperated mobile robotic systems at home, the innovative service model can be achieved through telecommunication between primary health professionals or caregivers at remote locations and psychiatrists at the medical center to make the seamless care environment real. Conclusion: The IoT technologies can be used to assist physicians in switching from a hospital-centered model of care to a home-based service for older people with dementia. It merits more future clinical trials and usability tests.
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Lobachevsky, Yakov P., Sergey E. Lonin, Ilya S. Alekseev, Nikolay T. Goncharov, Irina I. Afonina, and Ekaterina N. Il'chenko. "Development of Algorithms and Software Systems for Motion Control of a Robotic Tillage Unit." Agricultural Machinery and Technologies 13, no. 2 (2019): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2073-7599-2018-12-6-48-52.
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Abstract. Automation of agricultural machinery is aimed at solving specific practical tasks: control and maintenance of the technological process quality, increasing labor productivity as well as crop yields. The method of "precision farming" is economically expedient, since it is a direct saving of technological material, as well as it helps reducing the negative impact on the environment and farm produce. (Research purpose) The research purpose is to review and analyze the main aspects required to develop the algorithms and software for motion control systems for a robotic tillage unit. (Materials and methods) To implement process control, it is necessary to control the direction of travel along a specified path, change the speed of movement depending on the engine load, switching the transmission gears. Physical-and-mechanical characteristics of the unit are rather heterogeneous and depend on weather conditions. Therefore, the algorithm for controlling the power of the robotic mobile unit must take into account, as much as possible, variations in the external effects of drawbar properties and the motion resistance, as a random factor. (Results and discussion) The authors have developed an imitation model representing the movement of a robotic unit. For the simulation, use has been made of a cyclic trajectory of the unit movement, consisting of two types of sections: the rectilinear ones reflecting the soil tillage pattern, and the turn areas where the unit makes a turn along a curvilinear trajectory around a certain center. (Conclusions) The implementation of robotic technologies in agricultural production result in increased technical, technological, production and economic indicators of agricultural units in field work, increased labor productivity, reduced time required for fieldworks, more rational use of bioenergy resources, increased yields of agricultural crops and reduced environmental impacts.
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Singh, Ajay Kumar. "Modeling of electrical behavior of undoped symmetric Double-Gate (DG) MOSFET using carrier-based approach." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 38, no. 2 (2019): 815–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-08-2018-0327.
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Purpose This study aims to develop a compact analytical models for undoped symmetric double-gate MOSFET based on carrier approach. Double-Gate (DG) MOSFET is a newly emerging device that can potentially further scale down CMOS technology owing to its excellent control of short channel effects, ideal subthreshold slope and free dopant-associated fluctuation effects. DG MOSFET is of two types: the symmetric DG MOSFET with two gates of identical work functions and asymmetric DG MOSFET with two gates of different work functions. To fully exploit the benefits of DG MOSFETs, the body of DG MOSFETs is usually undoped because the undoped body greatly reduces source and drain junction capacitances, which enhances the switching speed. Highly accurate and compact models, which are at the same time computationally efficient, are required for proper modeling of DG MOSFETs. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents a carrier-based approach to develop a compact analytical model for the channel potential, threshold voltage and drain current of a long channel undoped symmetric DG MOSFETs. The formulation starts from a solution of the 2-D Poisson’s equation in which mobile charge term has been included. The 2-D Poisson’s equation in rectangular coordinate system has been solved by splitting the total potential into long-channel (1-D Poisson’s equation) and short-channel components (remnant 2-D differential equation) in accordance to the device physics. The analytical model of the channel potential has been derived using Boltzmann’s statistics and carrier-based approach. Findings It is shown that the metal gate suppresses the center potential more than the poly gate. The threshold voltage increases with increasing metal work function. The results of the proposed models have been validated against the Technology Computer Aided Design simulation results with close agreement. Originality/value Compact Analytical models for undoped symmetric double gate MOSFETs.
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Anyahara, I. C., and G. N. Onoh. "Characterization and Development of a Model for the Determination of the Power and Cooling Reliability of a Mobile Switching Centre." International Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences 5, no. 6 (2022): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7413828.
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<em>The aim of this work is to characterize and develop a model for the determination of the cooling reliability of a mobile switching centre. From the analysis done with the reliability block diagram models (RBD), it was observed that the combined cooling reliability, MTBF and failure rate (λ) is 58.54%, 1389hrs and 0.000719704 respectively. Further checks on the combined cooling reliability gave 83.53% at 250hrs for the same failure rate which calls for urgent and stringent maintenance programs developed for the 250hrs cycle in addition to the already existing 744hrs cycle. This should be proactively applied to the cooling units on a need basis to increase the MTBF and the reliability of the older units to 99.982% required for high performance and public safety as specified by ANSI/TIA, especially during the heat season of the year.</em>
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Pollini, G. P., and K. S. Meier-Hellstern. "Efficient routing of information between interconnected cellular mobile switching centers." IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 3, no. 6 (1995): 765–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/90.477722.
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Li, Zhongwen, Hui Shen, Graham Dawson, et al. "Uniform arrays of centre-type topological domains in epitaxial ferroelectric thin films." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 10, no. 8 (2022): 3071–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tc04070g.
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Spontaneous ferroelectric topological domains are observed in epitaxial BFO films using PFM. The uniform arrays of centre domain structures and their reversible switching are realized utilizing PFM tip-fields assisted by the mobile charges.
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Tattan-Birch, Harry, Jamie Brown, Sarah E. Jackson, Martin J. Jarvis, and Lion Shahab. "Secondhand Nicotine Absorption From E-Cigarette Vapor vs Tobacco Smoke in Children." JAMA Network Open 7, no. 7 (2024): e2421246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.21246.
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ImportanceWith the prevalence of e-cigarette use (vaping) increasing worldwide, there are concerns about children’s exposure to secondhand vapor.ObjectiveTo compare nicotine absorption among children who are (1) exposed to secondhand tobacco smoke only or (2) exposed to secondhand vapor only with (3) those exposed to neither.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe US Continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) is a repeat cross-sectional survey. Participants are interviewed in their homes and, several days after, visit a mobile examination center to provide biological specimens. This study uses data from a nationally representative sample of US households from 2017 to 2020. Participants were children aged 3 to 11 years with serum cotinine levels incompatible with current firsthand nicotine use (ie, &amp;lt;15 μg/L). The final analysis was conducted on January 9, 2024.ExposuresReported exposure to secondhand smoke or vapor indoors in the past 7 days (only secondhand smoke, only secondhand vapor, or neither). Covariates included age, sex, ethnicity, family income, body weight, and height.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was serum cotinine concentration, an objective biomarker of nicotine absorption. Geometric mean cotinine levels and 95% CIs were calculated using log-normal tobit regression, accounting for the complex survey design and weights.ResultsThe mean (SD) age of the 1777 children surveyed was 7.4 (2.6) years, 882 (49.6%) were female, and 531 (29.9%) had family incomes below the poverty level. Nicotine absorption, as indexed by serum cotinine level, was highest among children only exposed to secondhand smoke (0.494 μg/L μg/L; 95% CI, 0.386-0.633 μg/L), followed by those exposed only to secondhand vapor (0.081 μg/L; 95% CI, 0.048-0.137 μg/L), equating to 83.6% (95% CI, 71.5%-90.5%; P &amp;lt; .001) lower nicotine absorption. Among children with no reported secondhand exposure, the geometric mean cotinine level was 0.016 μg/L (95% CI, 0.013-0.021 μg/L), or 96.7% (95% CI, 95.6%-97.6%; P &amp;lt; .001) lower than for those with exposure to secondhand smoke. Results were similar after covariate adjustment.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study of US children, nicotine absorption was much lower in children who were exposed to secondhand vapor vs secondhand smoke, but higher than in those exposed to neither. These findings suggest that switching from smoking to vaping indoors may substantially reduce, but not eliminate, children’s secondhand exposure to nicotine and other noxious substances.
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Riis, Morten, Anders J. V. Skriver, and Jørn Lodahl. "Deployment of Mobile Switching Centers in a Telecommunications Network: A Stochastic Programming Approach." Telecommunication Systems 26, no. 1 (2004): 93–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:tels.0000029022.63021.09.
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Liza, Nishattasnim, Dylan Murphey, Peizhong Cong, David W. Beggs, Yuihui Lu, and Enrique P. Blair. "Asymmetric, mixed-valence molecules for spectroscopic readout of quantum-dot cellular automata." Nanotechnology 33, no. 11 (2021): 115201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ac40c0.
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Abstract Mixed-valence compounds may provide molecular devices for an energy-efficient, low-power, general-purpose computing paradigm known as quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA). Multiple redox centers on mixed-valence molecules provide a system of coupled quantum dots. The configuration of mobile charge on a double-quantum-dot (DQD) molecule encodes a bit of classical information robust at room temperature. When arranged in non-homogeneous patterns (circuits) on a substrate, local Coulomb coupling between molecules enables information processing. While single-electron transistors and single-electron boxes could provide low-temperature solutions for reading the state of a ∼1 nm scale molecule, we propose a room-temperature read-out scheme. Here, DQD molecules are designed with slightly dissimilar quantum dots. Ab initio calculations show that the binary device states of an asymmetric molecule have distinct Raman spectra. Additionally, the dots are similar enough that mobile charge is not trapped on either dot, allowing device switching driven by the charge configuration of a neighbor molecule. A technique such as tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy could be used to detect the state of a circuit comprised of several QCA molecules.
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Mula, Freskina, and Shqipe Mula. "Inclusion of Ict During the Transformation of the Environment of Learning of the Current with that One in the Centre for the Students – Experience and Attitudes of the Teachers." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 4, no. 1 (2017): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v4i1.p65-71.
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The integration of the technology in education will mean a lot for the basic skills of computerizing and computers programs in a classroom. Effective integration of these technological skills should occur across the curriculum in ways that studies show deepening and enhancing of the learning process. The purpose of this paper addresses the fundamental issue of how schools, teachers and students are ready to use the basic tools of ICT (radio, TV, mobile phones, computers, laptops, projector, application programs, Word, Excel, Power-Point etc. ) during the teaching / learning process, knowing the rapid development of technology. Given the fact that the population in Kosovo consists mainly of new age, youth (age 15-24) who include 55. 3% of the population involved in the educational process www. ks-gov. net/esk, then from these data we can draw an image that the use of new technologies by young people and it is necessary installation requirement of ICT in schools, therefore there stems the need for this research. The survey was conducted in five schools of lower secondary education in the municipality of Gjakova/Republic of Kosovo. For conducting this paper there were used these methods: theoretical analysis method, the analysis of pedagogical documentation, the inductive method, comparative and statistical and research instrument was a questionnaire, which is applied to teachers and students. These changes, switching from traditional learning in contemporary learning using the technology undoubtedly help students and enables them to interact theoretical and practical knowledge in order to more easily apply the knowledge acquired.
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"Empowering Client Android Applications on Distributed Cloud Servers in Data Center." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering 8, no. 2 (2019): 1703–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.b1011.078219.
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The advancement of technical knowhow in wireless mobile phone clients and their inceptions from cloud server, have been implemented as versatile applications that utilize an optimal user experience. By using fabrication components in the user domain, we have yet to instill peripheral interfaces such us CPUs, memory and batteries in to achieving a personal computer machine usage in android devices. To empower the user interface as deployed in android applications, we must design a distributed computing environment that can be deployed in cloud servers. This thin client distributed architecture needs to be effective in ensuring a efficient android user experience . To resolve delays and latency from asynchronous mobile data usage, an effective deployment design must be implemented in mobilemobile environment, that uses Tcp/Ip packets in transferring from routable mobile switching server
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Andriany, Andriany, and S. El Yumin. "Optimasi Kinerja MSC Jaringan GSM Dengan Metode Repointing." Sainstech: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengkajian Sains dan Teknologi 23, no. 2 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.37277/stch.v23i2.590.
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Makalah ini membahas optimasi kinerja MSC (Mobile Switching Center) pada jaringan GSM.Penurunan kinerja MSC akan berdampak pada kualitas layanan telekomunikasi MS (Mobile Station). Salahsatu penyebab turunnya kualitas layanan jaringan adalah ketidak seimbangan layangan beban pada MSC.Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, dapat dilakukan dengan mengoptimasi ditribusi kapasitas beban jaringan padaMSC yang dikenal sebagai Repointing. Repointing merupakan proses koneksi dan tranfer data MGw dari satuMSC-S ke lain MSC-S. Studi kasus yang diamati adalah daerah Jabodetabek, dengan target repointing daerahJampang, Karawang, Ijah, Kedaton. Daerah ini dilayani oleh 6(enam) MSC (MSC21, MSC22, MSC23, MSC28,MSC29 and MSC30). Studi pada makalah ini difokuskan pada nilai CP Load (Central Processing Load), danPSR (Paging Success Rate), karena dua parameter ini menentukan kualitas layanan jaringan telekomunikasi.
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Abbas, Al-Refaie. "Cluster Analysis of Customer Churn in Telecom Industry." April 2, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1130331.
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The research examines the factors that affect customer churn (CC) in the Jordanian telecom industry. A total of 700 surveys were distributed. Cluster analysis revealed three main clusters. Results showed that CC and customer satisfaction (CS) were the key determinants in forming the three clusters. In two clusters, the center values of CC were high, indicating that the customers were loyal and SC was expensive and time- and energy-consuming. Still, the mobile service provider (MSP) should enhance its communication (COM), and value added services (VASs), as well as customer complaint management systems (CCMS). Finally, for the third cluster the center of the CC indicates a poor level of loyalty, which facilitates customers churn to another MSP. The results of this study provide valuable feedback for MSP decision makers regarding approaches to improving their performance and reducing CC.
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Elbarbary, Nancy S., Yasmeen A. Fereig, and Mohamed O. Mohamed. "Diabetes Self-Management Smartphone Application: Patient Satisfaction Survey for Rightest app Using the Short Version User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ-S) : A Single Center Pilot Study." QJM: An International Journal of Medicine 117, Supplement_2 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcae175.812.
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Abstract Background The ability of people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) to improve glycemic control depends on their ability to interpret and act on blood glucose results. We investigated applicants satisfaction when switching to blood glucose meters (BGMs) featuring rightest app via Bluetooth using their smartphones. Objective This study aimed to assess the feasibility of the app (rightest) and the participants satisfaction after using the app in 3 months interval by using UEQ -S score. Methods This is an observational study, conducted at the Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes Unit, Children’s Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University (PADU), on participants with T1DM(13-18 years old). The recruited participants (n = 20) with T1DM started using the “Rightest” app for 3 months. UEQ-S was used at the end of the study to asses the participants satisfaction. It consists of the two dimensions pragmatic quality (item 1–4) and hedonic quality (item 5–8). Each item is measured on a 7-point Likert scale with two opposite meanings ranging. Results 20 participants with T1DM, following up at PADU, used BGM with rightest app for 3 months. UEQ-S results revealed pragmatic total score (1.425) was above average while the hedonic total score was good(1.250) and the overall score was good(1.338) where -3 indicates extremely bad score while +3 indicates extremely good score. This indicates that they showed overall good satisfaction for mobile app using UEQ-S score. Conclusion This study demonstrated that switching to BGMs with mobile app showed good satisfaction after 3 month interval.
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Palii, Andrew, Sergey Aldoshin, and Boris Tsukerblat. "Theoretical insight into clocking in a molecular mixed-valence cell of quantum cellular automata through the vibronic approach." Journal of Chemical Physics 160, no. 1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0179133.
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In this article, we develop a vibronic theory of clocking in molecular quantum cellular automata (QCA). The clocking mechanism is considered for a trigonal trimeric mixed-valence (MV) system with one mobile electron, which is shown to act as the dimeric unit encoding binary information (Boolean states 0 or 1) coupled to a third redox center (Null state). The model includes the electron transfer between the three centers; vibronic coupling of the mobile charge with the “breathing” modes, forming a double degenerate Jahn–Teller vibration of the molecular triangle; and two electric fields, one collinear to the dimeric unit, which controls the binary states, and the other perpendicular to this unit, performing clocking. In the framework of the adiabatic approximation, the potential surface of the trimeric system has been studied and the condition determining switching and clocking has been analyzed in terms of the two controlling fields and the vibronic and transfer parameters. A thorough understanding of the site populations is achieved through the quantum-mechanical solution of the vibronic problem, maintaining the adiabatic condition for the controlling fields. It is shown that a MV trimer can act as a molecular clocked QCA cell, with favorable conditions being a positive electron transfer parameter and sufficiently strong vibronic coupling.
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Arul Dalton, G., A. Bamila Virgin Louis, A. Ramachandran, and J. Savija. "Modified Deep Learning Model in Proactive Decision‐Making for Handover Management in 5G." Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience 37, no. 9-11 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.70023.
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ABSTRACTWith the fast expansion of mobile devices and internet traffic, it is becoming critical to deliver dependable and robust services. HetNets and large networks are highlighted as probable solutions to the nearing capacity obstructions; however, they also present substantial challenges in terms of handover (HO) management. In cellular telecommunications, HO describes the procedure of moving an active call or data link from one base station (BS) to another. Whenever a mobile phone switches to another cell while a conversation is in progress, the MSC (mobile switching center) shifts the call to an alternate channel assigned to the new BS. The major objective of this work is to assist in how the HCP includes the functions of the 5G network, in which a modified deep learning architecture is introduced for predicting the NDR (network download rate) efficiently. In particular, a modified DNN architecture is introduced for this purpose. As a result, the proposed model attained a lower HO delay of 10.207 ms at a speed of 60 m/s, which surpasses the results of established techniques. From the analysis, it is proven that the proposed work efficiently increases the performance of the network without any interruption during transitions among cells.
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Shereen, Muhammad Kamran, Muhammad Irfan Khattak, and Mua’th Al-Hasan. "A hybrid reconfigurability structure for a novel 5G monopole antenna for future mobile communication." Frequenz, December 8, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/freq-2020-0031.
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AbstractA novel printed and compact profile monopole antenna with hybrid reconfigurability structure for switching the resonant frequency and direction of maximum radiations is proposed in this research work. A novel mathematical model for the architecture of Reconfigurable Patch Antenna (RPA), considering input impedance, bandwidth, antenna gain, antenna efficiency and resonant frequency is proposed. For the desired functionality, antenna is incorporated with three switches in such a way that Switch 1 and Switch 2 direct the radiation beam patterns towards different directions while Switch 3 controls the frequency reconfigurability. When Switch 3 is ON, the designed antenna operates at 26.4 GHz covering the 24.2–26.5 GHz band. When Switch 3 is OFF, it operates at 28 GHZ, covering the 27.4–29.8 GHz band. The antenna is proposed to operate at the 5G mobile communication band having a center frequency at 27.6 GHz with a reflection coefficient of −21.5 dB. A 3D design tool HFSS has been used for the simulation purposes.
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Liza, Nishattasnim, Yuhui Lu, and Enrique P. Blair. "Designing boron-cluster-centered zwitterionic Y-shaped clocked QCA molecules." Nanotechnology, August 9, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ac8810.
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Abstract Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is a nanoscale, transistorless device technology. A single molecule may provide an elementary QCA device known as a cell. Molecular redox centers function as quantum dots, and the configuration of mobile charge on the dots encodes device states useful for classical computing. Molecular QCA may support ultra-high device densities and THzscale switching speeds at room temperature. An applied electric field may be used to clock molecular QCA, providing power gain to boost weakened signals, as well as quasi-adiabatic device operation for minimal power dissipation in QCA devices and circuits. A zwitterionic, Y-shaped, three-dot molecule may function as a field-clocked QCA cell. We focus on the design of a counterion built into the center of the cell. Ab initio computations demonstrate that choice of counterion determines the number of mobile charges for encoding the device state on the three quantum dots. We use B5H5^2– or B4CH5^– as the central counterionic linker for two different Y-shaped, three-dot QCA molecules. While both molecules support the desired device states, the number of trapped charges in the counterion determines the number of mobile holes on the molecular quantum dots. This, in turn, determines whether the device state is encoded by a hole or an electron. This choice of encoding determines how the molecular QCA cell responds to a clocking field. The two counterions studied here lead to two QCA molecules with opposite responses to the clock, similar to the complementary responses of PMOS and NMOS transistors to gated voltage control.
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"BM-UNet: lightweight multiclass-fire segmentation network and robust methods of aiming to the fire based on state-machine of mean segmentation mask and contour center-mass." ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, March 30, 2024, 172–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.59018/022430.
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The article presents the BM-UNet neural network architecture optimized for mobile devices. The article focuses on the possibility of real-time operation, takes into account various techniques for lightening the model, and provides a comparison with UNet-half. An improved model in terms of performance/accuracy ratio is applied in the algorithm of frame-by-frame segmentation of the flame on video, the result of which is averaged, and the optimal extinguishing point is found. For the latter, an approach to organizing a finite state machine is presented for switching between time-averaging windows for the possibility of timely response and minimization of mechanical losses of targeting. Combined, the method of frame-by-frame segmentation of flame contours and the algorithm for finding the center-mass point can be used in robotic flame extinguishing systems.
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Tubagus, Munir. "Model Pengembangan Short Massage Service (SMS) pada jaringan Seluler." Potret Pemikiran 22, no. 2 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.30984/pp.v22i2.783.
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Abstract. Short Massage Service (SMS) is a service that is widely applied to wireless communication systems, allowing it to send messages in alphanumeric form between customer terminals or between customer terminals and external systems such as email, paging, voice mail. In the SMS system, the main mechanism carried out in the system is sending short messages from one customer terminal to another. This can be done thanks to the existence of an entity in the SMS system called Short Message Service Center (SMSC), also called the Message Center (MC). SMSC is a device that performs store tasks and forward short message traffic. It includes determining or searching the route for the final destination of the short message. An SMSC is usually designed to be able to handle short messages from various sources such as Voice Mail System (VMS), Web-based messaging, Email Integration, External Short Messaging Entities (ESME), and others. In interconnecting with entities in wireless communication networks such as Home Location registers (HLR) and Mobile Swicthing Centers (MSC), SMSCs usually always use Signal Transfer Points (STP). Keywords : Information Technology, Short Message Service, Web-Based, Wireless Networks, Cellular Communication Abstrak. Layanan Pesan Singkat (SMS) adalah layanan yang secara luas diterapkan pada system komunikasi nirkabel, yang memungkingkannya mengirim pesan dalam bentuk alfanumerik antara terminal pelanggan atau antara terminal pelanggan dan system eksternal seperti email, paging, voice email. Dalam sistem SMS, mekanisme utama yang dilakukan dalam sistem adalah mengirim pesan singkat dari satu terminal pelanggan ke terminal pelanggan lainnya. Ini bisa dilakukan berkat keberadaan entitas dalam system SMS yang disebut Pusat Layanan Pesan Singkat (SMSC), juga disebut Pusat Pesan (MC). SMSC adalah perangkat yang melakukan tugas menyimpan dan meneruskan lalu lintas pesan singkat. Ini termasuk menentukan atau mencari rute untuk tujuan akhir dari pesan singkat. Sebuah SMSC Biasanya dirancang untuk dapat menanggani pesan singkat dari berbagai sumber seperti Voice Mail Sistem (VMS), pesan berbasis Web, Integrasi Email, Entri Perpesanan Singkat Eksternal (ESME), dan lainnya. Dalam Interkoneksi dengan entitas dalam jaringan komunikasi nirkabel seperti Home Location register (HLR) dan Mobile Switching Centers (MSC), SMSC biasanya selalu menggunakan Signal Transfer Points (STP). Keywords : Informasi Teknologi, Layanan Pesan Singkat, Berbasis Web, Jaringan Nirkabel, Komunikasi Seluler
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Somenath, Mukherjee, Ray Rajdeep, Kumar Samanta Raj, H. Khondekar Mofazzal, and Sanyal Gautam. "Dynamic Admission Control Based on Effective Demand for Next Generation Wireless Networks." International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Sciences 10.0, no. 4 (2018). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1315418.
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In next generation wireless networks (i.e., 4G and beyond), one of the main objectives is to ensure highest level of customer satisfaction in terms of data transfer speed, decrease in cost and delay, non-rejection and no drop of calls, availability of ‘<em>always-on’ </em>connectivity and services, continuity of connected services, hastle-free roaming in addition to the convenience of use of network services from anywhere and anytime. To take care of these requirements effectively, internet service providers (ISPs) and network planners have to go for major capacity enhancement of network resources and at the same time these resources are to be used effectively and efficiently to reduce cost and to increase revenue. In this work, the effective bandwidth available in a Mobile Switching Center (MSC) of a wireless network providing multi-class multimedia services is analyzed. Bandwidth requirement of the users for a customized Quality of Service (QoS) is estimated. The findings of the QoS estimation are applied for the capacity planning and admission control of the multi-class traffic flows coming into the MSC.
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Liu, Gang, Ya Liu, Zongping Chen, Siyuan Zhou, and Lingfei Ma. "Network analysis of autism traits and problematic mobile phone use and their associations with depression among Chinese college students." Frontiers in Psychiatry 15 (January 16, 2025). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1521453.
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The current study employed network analysis to examine the relationship between symptoms from factor level about autism traits and problematic mobile phone use (PMPU) and to explore their associations with depression. We measured the above three variables in 949 college students in China with Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ), Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS), Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Central and bridge symptoms were pinpointed through the examination of centrality index. In the AQ and PMPU network, results revealed that WD (“Withdrawal”), COR (“Cyberspace-oriented relationship”) and OU (“Overuse”) emerged as the core symptoms. AS (“Attention switching”), CO (“Communication”) and COR (“Cyberspace-oriented relationship”) were the most symptoms bridging the AQ and PMPU communities, suggesting that these symptoms could serve as focal points for interventions aimed at college students with concurrent autism traits and PMPU. SK (“Social skills”), COR (“Cyberspace-oriented relationship”), CO (“Communication”), and DLD (“Daily-life disturbance”) were most strongly associated with depression. In addition, future research should consider various measurement tools and methods to investigate the location of AD (“Attention to detail”), because AD was an isolated symptom in the flow network of depression.
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"Development of Line Follower Robot with Camera Surveillance System." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering 8, no. 4 (2019): 2192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.d7861.118419.
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This study describes the development of a line follower robot for a surveillance camera monitoring system. An effective closed loop control fuzzy logic algorithm is used to constantly correct wrong movements of the mobile robot using a feedback mechanism. The robot senses a black line on a white surface and endeavors itself accordingly to follow the track. A manual navigation system has also been designed to overrule the automatic navigation control of the robot to reposition itself back on the track whenever it strays from the path unintentionally. The fuzzy controller algorithm is an advanced method to ensure the line follower robot moves accurately on the track. It is a replacement control technique of traditional switching method. To fuzzifying the digital input data of four infrared sensor that detecting the line, the data is converted into error and delta error that represent the current and previous position of the robot relative to the line that it follows. There are nine base rules that have been created with two inputs which are error and delta error to the robot direction whether to go to the right, move forward or to the left. Then, for defuzzification, center of sum and centroid of area method have been used to calculate the defuzzied value using trapezium area formulae. Based on the comparison between both control techniques, it is found that the line following surveillance robot with fuzzy logic controller works faster than conventional switching method to complete the same task with the average oscillation length using the fuzzy logic controller is reduced to half.
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Semenko, Anatoly, Natalija Bokla, Catherina Domracheva, and Yevhen Shestopal. "RADIO RELAY STATIONS WITH IMPROVED CHARACTERISTICS." Visnyk Universytetu “Ukraina”, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36994/2707-4110-2019-1-22-15.
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Despite the variety of modern means of communication, radio relay lines of information are not lost due to the possibility of their creation in hard-to-reach mountain regions and in conditions of dense development of large cities. One-way radio relay lines have been widely used to transmit information between the central office and branches of the enterprise in corporate networks, between base stations and switching center in mobile communication networks, between military structures for operational management, in emergency situations. When creating radio relay links, the basic tasks are to use the minimum possible transmitter power sufficient to ensure the required quality of information transmission. At the same time minimum influence of electromagnetic radiation on health of people in the area of station operation, better electromagnetic compatibility of equipment with equipment of neighboring regions, duration of station operation at power supply from accumulator battery are achieved. In this paper are reviewed the methods to improve the energy, noise immunity and confidential microwave link using the 4-way signal of PM-4. The advantages of microwave links with noise-like signals generated using pseudorandom sequences based on chaos are shown here.
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venkateswara rao, Dr M. "Mobile Computing Location Management using Mobile Switching Centre." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4649750.
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Li, Defeng, Mingming Lan, and Yuan Hu. "Energy-saving service management technology of internet of things using edge computing and deep learning." Complex & Intelligent Systems, March 18, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40747-022-00666-0.
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AbstractThe purpose is to solve the problems of high transmission rate and low delay in the deployment of mobile edge computing network, ensure the security and effectiveness of the Internet of things (IoT), and save resources. Dynamic power management is adopted to control the working state transition of Edge Data Center (EDC) servers. A load prediction model based on long-short term memory (LSTM) is creatively proposed. The innovation of the model is to shut down the server in idle state or low utilization in EDC, consider user mobility and EDC location information, learn the global optimal dynamic timeout threshold strategy and N-policy through trial and error reinforcement learning method, reasonably control the working state switching of the server, and realize load prediction and analysis. The results show that the performance of AdaGrad optimization solver is the best when the feature dimension is 3, the number of LSTM network layers is 6, the time series length is 30–45, the batch size is 128, the training time is 788 s, the number of units is 250, and the number of times is 350. Compared with the traditional methods, the proposed load prediction model and power management mechanism improve the prediction accuracy by 4.21%. Compared with autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) load prediction, the dynamic power management method of LSTM load prediction can reduce energy consumption by 12.5% and realize the balance between EDC system performance and energy consumption. The system can effectively meet the requirements of multi-access edge computing (MEC) for low delay, high bandwidth and high reliability, reduce unnecessary energy consumption and waste, and reduce the cost of MEC service providers in actual operation. This exploration has important reference value for promoting the energy-saving development of Internet-related industries.
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"Determinants of Customer Satisfaction and Their Impact in Telecommunication Industry in India." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering 8, no. 4 (2019): 188–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.c6651.118419.
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Telecommunication services market in India is a hot bed of competition.With the advent of new Telecommunication operator ,Reliance JIO, the competition had further been cut throat.In such a situation,retaining an existing customer is more significant then acquisition of a new one. Hence building trust and loyalty among telecommunication service users is quite pivotal as it act as a bridge, which can in the long run help in retaining a customer.The study analyzes the effect of trust,loyalty,service quality,perception and switching cost on customer satisfaction among mobile users of Gujarat.The research study centers around the mobile users of Gujarat state and its various zones.Various analysis like factor analysis,Principal component analysis and multiple regression analysis have been utilized,which helped to determine the factors of customer satisfaction and the relationships between service quality-customer satisfaction, loyalty-customer satisfaction, perception-customer satisfaction, trust-customer satisfaction and between switching cost and customer satisfaction among mobile customers of Gujarat.
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Condurache, Oana, Goran Dražić, and Andreja Benčan. "Voltage-driven ferroelectric domain dynamics in (K,Na)NbO3 investigated by in situ transmission electron microscopy." Applied Physics Letters 122, no. 20 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0149949.
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Ferroelectric domain dynamics is at the heart of any ferroelectric-based application. In situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) offers an exciting opportunity to directly image ferroelectric switching and domain dynamics, revealing phenomena that might be concealed in macroscopic measurements. Here, we investigate the voltage-driven response of the mobile, needlelike domains and domain walls (DWs) of a (K,Na)NbO3 single crystal (KNNsc) using in situ TEM in a miniaturized capacitor. Our experimental results reveal that the immobile DWs can act as random bound pinning centers, pinning an area of up to 0.35 μm2. The edge of the sample can promote the nucleation of new domains. Domain growth and coalescence are not always continuous but can be interrupted at a certain voltage in favor of fine domain splitting and the formation of nanoscale domains. Other discontinuities are generated in the functional response when two orthogonal, needlelike domains meet and soft-pinning events occur. These findings shed light on the kinetics of ferroelectric domains and are probably not limited to KNNsc, being applicable to other perovskite-based ferroelectric materials where a needlelike domain morphology is present or where mobile and immobile DWs coexist.
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Sumesh, Jaya Mohanan Jayasree, and Maheswaran Chella Perumal. "Multi-level energy efficient cooperative scheme for ring based clustering in wireless sensor network." Energy Harvesting and Systems, April 13, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ehs-2021-0031.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is composed of different sensors attached to the same wireless medium. Sensor node data is usually forwarded to the base station, where it has been stored, evaluated, and processed. Ring Routing, a new energy-efficient distributed routing protocol aimed at larger-scale WSN applications with mobile sink and motionless sensor nodes. The structure ring is quickly converted, and they are capable of switching positions with regular nodes in a simple and effective manner, thereby minimizing the hotspot problem. In the network system, the central node is considered, and ring nodes with a certain distance are established while creating a ring structure. Since the sink nodes are powered by batteries, they deplete their batteries quicker than the other nodes, which is attributable to the accumulation of data traffic into the sink. Furthermore, when the ring configuration is disrupted due to ring node expiration, data transfer becomes tedious and causes significant delay. As a ring node starts to exhaust, its neighbor takes over as the ring node, and this selection of the regular node as the ring node is done optimally based on Multiple-Fitness Parameters such as Four-level energy consumption (4En), Distance (distance between the ring node and the regular node Dist ring − reg and distance between network centers to regular node Δ D i s t C − r i n g ${\Delta}Dis{t}_{C-ring}$ ) and delay S. Moreover, this optimal selection of the regular node to act as ring node will be carried out by a new hybrid algorithm referred to as Cuckoo Search Updated Sealion’s Attacking Technique (CSUSAT) that combines the standard crow search and sea lion optimization algorithm. At last, the supremacy of the presented approach is proved over other models.