Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mobilité sociale'
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Vallet, Louis-André. "La mobilité sociale des femmes en France : la participation des femmes aux processus de mobilité sociale intergénérationnelle." Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040183.
Full textThis thesis proposes a large research program to include women in the study of intergenerational social mobility in France. The topics studied are occupational mobility, marital mobility and the degree to which personal characteristics of wives and mothers are significant elements to understand the trajectories of families within the social structure. The national data used come from the 1962. 1968, 1975, 1982 population census, the “enquete sur l'emploi” de 1953 and the surveys “formation-qualification professionnelle” carried out by the Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques during the years 1970, 1977 and 1985 on national representative samples (about forty thousand men and women each). Quantitative and statistical analysis uses log-linear modeling, path analysis, correspondence analysis and logistic regression. The thesis presents a large number of results which are important for the orientation of future research on intergenerational social mobility in France
Costantini, Hervé. "La mobilité sociale : Modèles et traces." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00770978.
Full textBréant, Hugo. "Les chemins internationaux de la mobilité sociale : expériences de mobilité et d’immobilité sociale dans les parcours migratoires comparés d’émigrés comoriens et togolais." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01D085.
Full textThis thesis explores the life course of Comorian and Togolese migrants by focusing on. the dual dimension of international mobility, understood both as a spatial mobility process and as a social mobility trajectory. In order to investigate this mobility, the study was both conducted in France and in the two countries of origin. Nearly 200 life stories of non-migrants. migrants, returning migrants and their close relations were collected and completed by observations within the families. The research questions the crossing of international borders as a mean to overcome national social boundaries, that is to say, the ways migrants appropriate international mobility and convert their experiences into resources allowing them to begin a process of upward social mobility. This study stresses that the national migration history, the restrictive political conditions of international mobility and the families' dispositions for migration ail combine to create unequal individual courses. The multidimensional comparison of migrants from both countries that show diverse social characteristics highlights the central influence of family history and migrants' social background in the explanation of their persona! trajectories. The study also demonstrates that international mobility pushes migrants to cross several national and social spaces and to engage in paths that combine both experiences of immobility and social mobility. Beyond these contrasting individual experiences, the thesis finally shows that the migration process is perpetuating inequalities as well as blurring the social boundaries in the countries of origin
Anne, Denis. "Aides à la mobilité et insertion sociale." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2052.
Full textMobility has become an important issue and a major objective of public policies in favour of poor households. Research has largely shown that people who are far away from employment are also far away in a purely spatial way. Often distant from employment areas, with greater financial insecurity, the poorest have greater difficulty in finding employment, getting to their workplaces, accessing public services or local amenities. Some of the literature focused on explaining this spatial segregation; others on showing its negative consequences and the vicious circles in which it locked in poor people; and a third on analysing ways to reduce.This thesis aims to shed specific light on mobility aids provided to disadvantaged households. These aids were developed in France mainly since the 1990s. Although they take various forms, they share the same objective: to promote the spatial mobility of poor households through easier access to individual or public transport. Their implementation is essentially local. There is little litterature that tried to measure the consequences of the development of these aids. This thesis aims to shed particular light on this point. First, we propose a study of the development of these aids since the 1980s and especially the 1990s, based on a national impetus, but with very varied local applications. We seek to measure how these aids have been able to interact both with the national social assistance system and with other local aids. We show that these aids may have contributed to reinforcing the threshold effects and poverty traps that were specific to the RMI mechanism and that led to its replacement by the RSA. We also show the RSA major reform of national social assistance has had an impact on local aid and specifically on transport aids. The second chapter focuses on an aspect forgotten in Chapter 1, that of the non-take-up of social assistance. The originality of our work is to look at a specific aid to transport (the “Forfait Gratuité Transport” in Ile de France) and to study the non-take-up of this aid by integrating a double spatial dimension: first of all, the distance between the beneficiaries and the public transport network, which may explain a lower use. The next issue is the influence of the geographical environment and in particular the networks effects on the knowledge and demand for such assistance. The last two chapters propose experimental evaluations of mobility aids aimed at young people who have left the school system and are neither in training nor in employment (NEETs). For these young people, mobility is central to their professional and social integration. We first evaluate sixteen different actions proposed by different actors to promote mobility. We show a positive but contrasting effect: low intensity aids have less effect than high intensity aids. This observation is largely confirmed in the fourth chapter, which evaluates the experimentation of the “Service Militaire Volontaire”. The selected young people receive general and vocational training as well as driving licence preparation. This extremely intensive system, where young people are supervised by soldiers, gives impressive results in terms of professional integration and, above all, in terms of obtaining a driving licence. For mobility support policies to be effective, both on mobility and integration, we can conclude that it is better to concentrate resources on the most vulnerable
Barrera, Álvarez Fermín. "Système éducatif et mobilité sociale en Colombie." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05H068.
Full textWhy don't we find almost any research on social mobility in Columbia? Surely because the Columbian educational system provides with very few opportunities to lower class children to get a degree enabling them to climb the social ladder. The Columbian system was, from 1850 to 1957 in the middle of a conflict opposition the liberal party in favour of teaching ruled by the government, and the conservative party in favour of teaching controlled by the Church. This system evolved after 1957, when an agreement between the two parties was found to share the power imitating the already existing system, in the United States of privatisation in teaching. Thus in these there was not any improvement towards democracy. However a research was conducted among the workers' children employed in Acieries Paz del Rio. It revealed that some of them were supported by the company and were able to follow academic studies in the evening. Unfortunately in such a society as the Columbian system whit an important social hierarchy succeeding in academic studies is rarely sufficient to ensure social mobility
Nouri, Mohamed. "Etat et mobilité sociale : le modèle tocquevillien." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010286.
Full textThe central theme of Tocqueville's work is about the political development in France. Using comparative analysis between different societies, he tried to show that each particularism depends on a several elements, that he puted hierarchically. Methodologically his analysis is closed to the methodological individualism, and one of the purposes of this work is to compare this analysis with recent researches. This leads him to establish the conditions of emergence of conservatism and revolution in different societies, through a reflexion on the concepts of individualism, frustration. . . Going from this points, Tocqueville makes clear his theory on the despotism in the democratic societies
Peugny, Camille. "La mobilité sociale descendante : l'épreuve du déclassement." Phd thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003938.
Full textPeugny, Camille. "La mobilité sociale descendante : l'épreuve du déclassement." Phd thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2007. https://pastel.hal.science/pastel-00003938.
Full textThis research aims at studying intergenerational downward mobility. It underlines three main points. How many people does this concern ? What do they people go through, and how can we describe their experience ? What are the political consequences of intergenerational downward mobility ? The measure based on age and birth cohort highlights the progressive degradation of the perspective of social mobility for generations born after the 1940’s, the most unfavourable being those of generations born in the 1960’s. Concerning the experience of intergenerational downward mobility, two types of situations are distinguished. First, one group of people who see them as belonging to a generation that has been “sacrificed”, are very critical of the educational system. They also reject the way the society as a whole is organized. An other group gathers people who consider themselves as the only responsible for their personal path, which is seen as a failure. They tend to turn in on themselves. Finally, downward mobility has some political consequences. Their downward path structures their attitudes and above all their political behaviour. In particular, concerning their votes, a tendency to choose far right parties can be highlighted
Naudet, Jules. "Analyse comparée de l'expérience de la mobilité sociale ascendante intergénérationnelle aux États-Unis, en France et en Inde." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010IEPP0043.
Full textThis dissertation proposes a comparative analysis of the experience of upward social mobility in the United States, in India and in France is based on approximately 150 interviews conducted among people from modest backgrounds who achieved prestigious positions in the higher ranks of civil service, in the private sector and in academia. These three countries ar often cited as paradigmatic cases by sociologists who try to theorize the links between social mobility and social stratification systems. The United-States are thus typically perceived as the archetype of an open society characterized by few obstacles to mobility and by social statuses considered as achieved. Conversely, India is frequently described as the archetype of a closed society marked by the weight of the caste system and by social statuses considered as ascribed. Between the model of a closed society and that of an open society, French society seems to be more structured by the notion of social classes that continues to shape the analysis of its system of stratification. These three models are deeply rooted in sociological thought and they influence the way these three countries are apprehended. The first thread of this dissertation questions these categories of international comparison by drawing on the research conducted in these three countries using the same protocol of investigation. The second thread of this dissertation consists in a discussion of the conceptual tools that are most often used by sociologists to understand the experience of upward social mobility
Cautrès, Bruno. "La Mobilité sociale, ses formes et ses conséquences politiques : une analyse comparée France-Grande-Bretagne." Grenoble 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE21020.
Full textThe thesis tends to developp the elements of a theory of social mobility and its political consequences, in the framework of a comparative analysis in france and in great-britain. Based on empirical analysis, with the help of statistical tools, the thesis is organised in four main parts. The first is concerned with the theories of social mobility, from the point of view of its political consequences and from the point of view of its measures. The second establishs the conditions of a comparative analysis of social mobility. The third developps the empirical analysis of social mobility in france and great-britain. The fourth concerns the political consequences of social mobility on political attitudes and behaviors in the two countries. Throught all the empirical analysis the thesis uses a lot quantitative analysis, specially the log - linear models and the logistics regression techniques
Martinez, Michel. "Une contribution à la mesure de la mobilité intergénérationnelle." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0126.
Full textThis thesis, divided into three parts, relates to the measurement of intergenerational mobility. The first part is a review of literature on the normative economy in general and the measure of the inequalities. The second part introduces the topic of mobility and makes a distinction between three various designs of mobility (movement, equality of oppotunities, equality of life chance), which are largely incompatible. The third part comprises develoments in these three directions. It starts however by giving a progress report on measurements in terms of movement based on dynastic social welfare functions and specifies the results of dominance which can be obtained within framework. The two fianl chapters put forward new measures, which come to fill the vacuum with regard to the two the least developed designs (equality of opportunities and equality of life chance). In particular, the van de Gaer approach is justified
Pinto, Baleisan Carolina. "Mobilité sociale et mobilité internationale d’étudiants étrangers : trajectoires de jeunes professionnels chiliens et colombiens à Paris, New York et Boston." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1057.
Full textStudent's migration stands at the heart of the extension of migratory flows. Mainly analyzed in geopolitical terms (brain drain, economic relations ...), this issue responds primarily to individual choices and paths related to social and professional expectations. From this observation, this research deals with the pursuit of post-graduate studies abroad as a strategy for social mobility. The aim is to explore the experiences of young adults during the studies away from their country in order to understand the decisions at the end of this experience. Finally, the interest relates to the internal transformation of the migrants accentuated by the physical and social distance vis-à-vis the society of origin. The study population is students from Chile or Colombia enrolled in graduate programmes, master 2 or PhD, not having the nationality of the country of residence. They live and continue their studies in the cities of Paris, New York or Boston. Using a comprehensive and biographical approach, this research is mainly based on 63 in-depth interviews conducted between 2008 and 2011
Marty, Simone. "Apprendre le français en Suisse romande : entre idéalisation et reproduction sociale." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALL011.
Full textThis study focuses on the social history of the internal migration in Switzerland, and more precisely on the stay of young German-speaking women in the French-speaking part of Switzerland. I analyze language ideologies from a critical sociolinguistic perspective and in relation to the (Swiss) political, economic and social context. By means of interviews and focus groups with 19 German-speaking women who went to the French-speaking part of Switzerland between 1950 and 1990, in order to, among other reasons, learn French, I look into the intranational migration that drives individuals to a language change. I identified three time periods (the migration project, the arriving and the installation) and for each period I centered the analysis on learning and/or transmitting a language, studying and/or working and participating in social life.The analysis shows that the internal migration supports the national celebration of multilingualism without threatening the mostly monolingual territories of Switzerland. In addition, the national economy benefits from a German-speaking workforce what is valuable in many companies working in narrow relation to the German-speaking part of Switzerland, hosting 65% of the Swiss people. Finally, even if the desire of more personal freedom is one reason to undertake that stay, the patriarchal organization of the society is not put in danger. The interviewed women reproduce the main social expectations by getting married and raising a family.The social practice of staying in the French-speaking part of the country for German-speaking persons illustrates how individuals conciliate their personal aspirations and the collective reproduction of social hierarchies
Pasqua, Roberto. "Inférence et modèles de données personnelles : mobilité sociale, proximité spatiale." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30195/document.
Full textThe wide diffusion of smart portable devices allows the collection of a big amount of data concerning the activities of users from mobile apps. We focus our attention on location data, i.e. mobility traces, of a set of users in a crowd. Data collected from these mobile systems are studied following two axies: - Mobility models are used to simulate the behavior of users to develop opportunistic forwarding algorithms. We compare real and synthetic mobility traces to show the distance between the reality and the models. - Information on mobility may endanger the privacy of users. We analyze the impact of such information on privacy of users. The main contributions are: - We analyze the spatial and social properties of human motion from real traces collected by a highly accurate experimental localization system. - We compare the real traces with synthetic mobility traces generated from seven popular mobility models - We provide an inference algorithm based on co-location of users and we show its efficiency on different datasets. - We quantify the effect of probabilistic co-location information by means of a novel co-location attack
Kerroumi, Abdelali. "Trajectoires individuelles et familiales d'immigrants maghrébins : réseaux, fratrie et mobilité sociale." Perpignan, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PERP0643.
Full textDeville, Flora. "Pauvreté et mobilité dans l'agglomération d'Antananarivo." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX24016.
Full textThis thesis explores links between poverty and mobility and tries to explain in what ways the conditions of mobility could be a poverty factor and how their improvement can contribute to reduce poverty. It particularly deals on poor city-dwellers in Antananarivo's agglomeration, on their access to jobs and education. Our results show that the weakness of urban poor resources doesn't allow them to have access to motorised travel and they essentially go by foot for their daily activities in a space restricted by the spatial reach of the walking. In poor areas where public utilities are inefficient, access to jobs and education for urban poor is therefore problematic. This thesis pleads for a better recognition of urban mobility of the poor which is an important issue to escape from poverty but neglected by policies that struggle against poverty which give priority to growth
Chauvel, Louis. "Evolution du système de stratification sociale et succession des cohortes : Grandeur et décadence des générations dans la société française des Trente Glorieuses à nos jours." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL12012.
Full textAfter the proposal of a definition of social stratification system (determined by the attribution of the social resources and by life-chances) and after the exposition of a method for the investigation of the cohort variation of social phenomena, we demonstrate that the changes of the social structure are steadily depending of the phenomenon of cohort succession the cohort who born before 1935 were confronted to a modest universe of social destiny when it is compared to their follower's. The cohorts born during the 40's had experienced an intense transition, and the opportunities to become 'cadre' (manager, experts, high level wage earners) were twice as much as the elders at the age of thirty years old, and after during their career the following cohorts, born after 1950, were confronted to a great stagnation of their opportunities. The major changes of the global social structure that we continue to measure since the economical slow down (1975) is not the consequence of an elevation of the opportunities for all the cohorts, but simply from the replacement of the cohorts which born before the war, where the popular strata were more substantial, by the cohorts bom after 1940 that evolution of social structure is developing in parallel with a specific changes of the distribution by cohorts of income and wealth, where we can measure the absolute economical stagnation of the cohorts who get into the labour market after the economical slow down (1975). A future evolution is forecasted: the ascending mobility rate will stagnate or decrease for the cohorts born during the 70's, and the descending mobility rate will become thice as much as it is for earlier cohorts
Di, Camillo Nicolas. "La protection sociale complémentaire au prisme des mobilités professionnelles : contribution à l’étude des frontières de la protection sociale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100124.
Full textIt is traditionally considered that supplementary social protection is a component of social protection schemes, alongside social security, social assistance or unemployment insurance. Supplementary social protection refers to all the schemes that comes above the compulsory basic social security regime, such as complementary health insurance, mandatory supplementary pension plans, retirement saving plans and the free supplementary (top-up) universal health insurance (CMUC). These different coverages are intended for employees, civil servants, self-employed workers, students, pensioners, and more generally to all unemployed people. But what does complementary social protection really covers in law and how can we understand the evolutions affecting it? Although most of the studies done on this field of research concern a specific category of population or a particular risk, it was still necessary to carry out an overall, panoramic study in order to make supplementary social protection more intelligible. This research proposes to deconstruct the complementary social protection in order to offer a renewed vision of the subject under the lens of professional mobility, which allow in return for a better comprehension of the whole social protection
Pasquier, Hélène Marie Louise. "Définir l'acceptabilité sociale dans les modèles d'usage : vers l'introduction de la valeur sociale dans la prédiction du comportement d'utilisation." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN20058/document.
Full textThe issue of this dissertation is to propose a psychosocial paradigm for the study of usage processes based on the concept of social acceptability, defined as the “value individuals attribute to objects and/or users depending on their social relationship” (Lefeuvre et al., 2008, p.101).This psychosocial paradigm finds its roots between sociological and ergonomic points of view, and is focused on the concept of social variables from acceptability models (from the HMI and MIS fields and TRA-TPB). We have established that social variables are initially neglected in usage models, nevertheless three possible evolution trajectories appear in existingmodels. This dissertation aims to enhance a usage prediction model based on the concept of social acceptability. Two hypotheses were tested. In this research, the first hypothesis states that when behaviour value is considered, social variables are a core determinant of behaviour prediction (Conner et Armitage, 1998 ; Rivis, Sheeran et Armitage, 2009 ; Manning, 2009), and the second hypothesis states that differences exist between the effects of social variables when the value of behaviour is considered. In order to empirically test these hypotheses, we operationnalized behaviour value in two ways. In studies 1 & 2, behaviour value was operationalized through behaviour valorization and tested in the transportation field. In studies 3 to 5, behaviour value was operationalized by the level of behaviour sociality and tested in the green mobility domain. Main results validate the relevance of a social acceptability oriented approach for the understanding of usage processes. Furthermore, results underline that social variables have a higher predictive power for valuable behaviours compared to less valuable behaviours
Bonnefoy, Javiera. "Justice sociale : de la mobilisation à la mobilité sociale. L’expérience de l’injustice au Chili (1990-2010)." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0029.
Full textThe research addresses the normative work of justice that individuals perform in a highly unequal society like the Chilean one. In order to understand the coexistence between strong social inequalities and a strong social stability, we discuss the representations of inequalities and also the normative mechanisms shaping the experience of injustice in the case of this particular country. How does the experience of injustice is configured in Chilean society? What are the arrangements between the principles of justice that lead to perceive a certain inequality as unfair? And, in what kinds of social relationships is the feeling of injustice generated? The research aims to demonstrate a historical thesis: Chilean society has moved from a model of "social mobilization" to a neo-liberal model of "social mobility". While in the first model, justice issues - of structural nature -, would have been expressed in terms of social class, in the second model the feeling of injustice would be perceived regarding the process of individualization. From a historical and sociological analysis, the research provides a reflection on the construction of critical judgment as normative activity in Chile, during the twenty years that followed the transition to democracy. The thesis falls within a pragmatic sociology applied to social justice, bringing together the dimensions of legitimacy and social criticism in the construction of the critical discourse of the individuals interviewed (45)
Correia, Mario. "Les mobiles des trajectoires individuelles : du jugement sur la justice à l'acquisition d'une nouvelle légitimité sociale." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA01A015.
Full textEl, Hachem Kirby Elsa. "Les entrepreneurs libanais à Sao Paulo (Brésil) : une mobilité sociale ascendante." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00923170.
Full textGuy, Fleur. "La mobilité des adolescents en situation de placement (Rhône) : l'espace, enjeu d'une action sociale et action sociale." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20110.
Full textThis thesis questions the role of mobility and how teenagers placed in institutional foster care move around, through a research conducted in four social care facilities (Maisons d’Enfants à Caractère Social). Within the French child protection system (Aide Sociale à l’Enfance and Protection Judiciaire de la Jeunesse), this form of placement means that a minor is taken care of outside of her/his family home during a given period of time. This type of social care presents a significant spatial dimension, both in its objectives and ways of implementation. It is indeed based on two principles: it seeks to manage both distance and proximity to familiar spaces on the one hand, and the discontinuity and continuity between the inside and the outside of the facility on the other hand. Within this context, how teenagers move around and their mobility play a three-layered role. First, for the teenagers themselves: the foster care facility is their space of residence, and moving around makes it possible for them to deal with multiple spaces of belonging. Second, for the social workers: the facility is their working space, and they use mobility as a means to both handle relationships between themselves and the teenagers, and adjust the number of teenagers they work with based on group dynamics and other parameters. Third, at an institutional level: whether it is chosen or coerced, mobility allows the regulation between different norm systems but is not perceived as being valuable in and of itself
Chatelain, Claire. "La famille Miron : parentés, politique et promotion sociale (XVIe-XVIIe siècles)." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0074.
Full textPinto, Carolina. "Mobilité sociale et mobilité internationale d'étudiants étrangers : Trajectoires de jeunes professionnels chiliens et colombiens à Paris, New York et Boston." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00843412.
Full textMadrisotti, Francesco. "L'étape marocaine des self-made migrants. La recherche d'une émancipation économique et sociale par la mobilité." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH082/document.
Full textBased on an ethnographic field, made between 2010 and 2015 in the Tangier city, this research seeks to find out how the West African moves excluded of the circuits of the mainstream migration, and the economical practices they use in order to move. I describe these individuals as the self-made-migrants, whom not having access to the economical, administrative and social resources to move, they create by they own means, a transnational and subordinate mobility made by stages and border circumventions. This mobility is understood as a project, and a way to “seek their life”. For them, this expression means to look autonomously new social and economic opportunities to become the main character of their destiny. This quest is not lead by the destination but by the will of “going out” and move in an indefinite elsewhere, which becomes the catalyst of the imaginations of success of these migrants. This mobility is made by stages, through discoveries, explorations, and roundtrips. The migrants create, step by step, singular journeys by constantly reformulating the itinerary, in order to respond to the opportunities and the difficulties they found on their quest. In this research I explore the relationship between this transnational subordinated mobility and the economical practices created by the migrants in order to continue the trip. These economical strategies take part of the economics of poverty, defined by lowest and random incomes, and by a lack of protection. I’ll show that these strategies are link to the regular economy and are related to other forms of mobility found in the Tangier region. These strategies are also easy to transpose and adapt to other contexts in other steps of the journey. The self-made migrants are the actors of a subordinated mobility based on a precarious economy that nonetheless allows them to continue their transnational journey and their pursuit of an economic and social emancipation. Key Words: self-made-migrants, migration, transnational mobility, economics of the mobility, precarious economy, social and economic emancipation, stage, Morocco
Medini, Arezki. "Les dynamiques de recomposition des professions du social." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05H007.
Full textThe socioeconomic evolutions and the administrative organisations are forcing a mass recruitment of social workers to give, to help and to back the people in a situation of rejection and social exclusion. Two way of recruiting (one founded on skills and the other on qualifications) live side by side. They answer the expectations of the employers who are looking for efficiency, a way to cover whole areas and they also answer the needs of population who are more and more informed and demanding. Thus, professionals with different status, qualifications and skills work side by side in the same structure. Al though they are heterogeneous, their activities overlap and sometimes similar. That is how missions initially, planned for a given level are conducted in an indifferentiated way by professionals of a lower level. All this engenders a feeling of non recognition among the more qualified and a recomposition off all the workers registered in the social sector
Beaulieu, Maxime. "Les épiciers-apothicaires de Montpellier, 1204-1349 : stratégies d'alliances et mobilité sociale." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6490.
Full textAzizi, Ali. "Une recherche sur la mobilité sociale intergénérationnelle des enseignants-chercheurs en France." Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUEL016.
Full textThis thesis examines the intergenerational social mobility of academic staff in France. A theoretical synthesis and a literature review were carried out. Then, qualitative and quantitative data was collected and analyzed from a sample of 433 male and female academic staff from six universities in France. Four generations were studied. Moreover, in order to refine our research , the gender issue and the professional trajectory of academic staff was analyzed. The results showed that academic staff has experienced upward social mobility compared to their parents and that their parents have experienced upward social mobility too. Specificially, we have demonstrated a coexistence between mobility, slelf-reproduction, and reproduction. So if mobility is due to many structural and nonstructural factors including family predisposition, secondary, institutional and anticipative socialization, institutional reforms, labor market and the generational effect, it is also due to the effects of alternation, biographical shocks, effects of context, significant others, and the exceptionality of professional and social trajectory. We should take into account not only the impact of existing ressources or primary socialization, but also a number of other factors that can have an influence throughout life. The results of this investigation suggest that we could progressively move away from the logic of the passive social agent towards an active, reflexive, and strategizing social actor
Brahimi, Ali. "Analyse économétrique de la mobilité géographique de formation et d'emploi des étudiants : l'exemple des étudiants des filières juridiques, économiques, de gestion et d'administration économique et sociale." Toulouse 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU10059.
Full textThe research undertaken aims to provide an analytic description of the geographical mobility of "training and employment" of college students. Supplying with a set of conceptual tools, we have elaborated a statistical and economic framework allowing bringing a light on this question, as well as a number of replies elements. The human capital approach has been privileged as our theoretical basis. Despite its limits, this approach appears to be the most adequate means to describe, analyze and understand the migratory behaviour of the observed population. Two levels of analysis, micro and macro, have been retained, allowing distinguishing two different aspects of migration. The first concerns decision aspects and individual behaviour and the second description of flows. These two aspects raise of course, questions of different nature. Such methodological option allows enriching considerably the analysis. Empirically, the work is essentially based on the estimation of probabilistic, statistical and mathematical models as well as on the use of methods of data analysis in order to take into account the reality of the observed movements. Thus, we have been able to explain the effect of individual characteristics on the migration decision, and therefore their impact on the migratory process. Similarly, we have studied the geography of the movement and space distribution of flows. Moreover, the attraction and/or repulsion power intrinsic to regions as well as the influence of the regional attributes and the distance effect are clearly shown up. So, this modelling approach can be considered as a statistical test of a descriptive model. It allows us to interpret the trajectory of observed flows by giving them both characterization and an economic sense
Xie, Dan. "Influence Sociale et Comportements des Consommateurs dans le Système Écologique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHEC0003.
Full textThis dissertation explores the intricate mechanisms of social influence on consumer behavior through Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory. By examining how various levels of social contexts, from immediate interpersonal interactions to broader societal norms, affect consumer decisions, the research provides a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted nature of social influence. The dissertation is structured into three chapters, each addressing different aspects of social influence and consumer behavior. Chapter one investigates the impact of residential mobility on status signaling consumption, highlighting how frequent relocations can weaken social ties and alter consumption patterns. Chapter two examines how company size influences consumer perceptions of sustainability efforts, demonstrating that different dimensions of trust vary between large corporations and small businesses, resulting in different perceptions of greenwashing. Chapter three focuses on individual differences in signaling preferences, developing a psychometric scale to measure self-signaling and other-signaling tendencies. This mixed-method approach, incorporating secondary data analysis, experimental designs, and psychometric scale development, ensures robust findings and enhances both internal and external validity. The dissertation advances theoretical understanding by integrating ecological systems theory with consumer behavior research and offers practical implications for marketers, businesses, and policymakers
Tiano, Sarah. "Sortir du rang ? : l"ouverture sociale" en lycée de la Défense, entre diversification des élites militaires et renouvellement du rôle éducatif et scolaire des armées." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0114.
Full textSince 2007, the French Ministry of Defense has implemented an Equal Opportunity Plan (Plan Égalité des Chances or PEC in French) which consists in eight actions benefitting more than thirty thousand young people. It integrates the wider dynamic of the Espoir-Banlieue (Hope-Suburbs) plan in 2008 designed to promote social diversity in the access to higher education. The present study focuses on one of these actions entitled “Social Inclusion in Defense High Schools”. As they enroll students with a civilian status, the Defense high schools are managed jointly by the Ministry of National Education and the Ministry of Defense. Although the PEC and its action are aimed at scholarship pupils, the label “Cordée de la réussite” of two schemes “Officier pourquoi pas ?” and “Internat pourquoi pas?” developed in a Defense high school introduces an eligibility criteria: coming from a partner establishment. These schemes rely on a partnership between the Defense establishment and a number of secondary and high schools located in underprivileged areas with specific educational or urban policy programmes. The first scheme “Officier pourquoi pas ?” aims to guide the career of “deserving” scholarship students who originate from scientific final year classes with the “potential” to integrate preparatory classes for higher education. The second scheme “Internat pourquoi pas?” targets scholarship final year secondary school students with “average to good” educational achievements. Our qualitative sociological study focuses on both the institutional and organisational implementation modalities of these two social opening schemes, and on the secondary socialisation of the students concerned
Rion, Myriam. "Mobilité sociale et spatiale en relation avec les mutations économiques à l'île Maurice." Bordeaux 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR30019.
Full textMauritius economy dependent on sugar industry until its independance, has seriously developped by integrating an industrial sector, a tourist sector, recently a free port and "offshore" services. That successful diversification, notably at the beginning of the eighties, enabled the renforcement of the educational standards and had positive consequences for employment. Actually, one of the most important feature resulting from a changing economy is the relieving of hight inemployment and women's involvement in paid employment. At the same time, the country ended its demographic transition because as far as death rate decreased, the birth rate was twice divided between 1969 and 1990, moreover migrations strongly changed. Emigration decrease whereas immigration slightly increased and particularly domestic migrations. However this development wasn't regular and in particular as far as education and socio-professional mobility are concerned because there is a real difference between the urban, rural and tourist areas. Besides, that same development was parallel to a modification of the family unit meaning, a new definition of men and women status, an emancipation of women, and an increase in nuclear families. But these very positive results shouldn't obscure the real problems such as child-minding, old-age, the increase of conflicts, divorce, violence, alcoholism and drug addiction etc. . . At last, "communalism" still very obvious despite the weakening of religious practises and the new social realities which favour the emergence of "mauricianism", sometimes limits the coming out of that mauritian society
Exavier, Rodelin. "Mobilité sociale et politisation de la diaspora haïtienne en France et au Québec." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUL138.
Full textThe opposition between Canadian multiculturalism and French republicanism provides a partial response to the politicisation or depoliticization of the Haitian diaspora in France and Quebec. This thesis addresses this issue from the social determinants. From a transnational and comparative approach, this thesis tries to explain the political integration of this diaspora in these settlements and in the country of origin despite the various obstacles preventing their political participation: hostility of national actors, absence organization of voting abroad, citizenship exclusive to nationals and naturalized persons, very strict naturalization policy. Even though, they develop strategies that allow them to be both here and elsewhere. The development of social media amplifies this political participation. In the countries of settlement, Haitians and their descendants are in a logic of redefining a plural identity with elements from the country of origin, the host country and the diaspora. This thesis concludes that the politicisation of immigrants depends on their social status in the host country. However, the influence of political systems on the political integration of Haitian migrants should be considered. This is why Canadian multiculturalism seems more favorable to politicisation than the French republican system
Toure, Niandou. "Mobilité internationale pour études et mobilité sociale : trajectoires scolaires et socioprofessionnelles des étudiants maliens dans l'enseignement supérieur en France et au Maroc." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB186/document.
Full textThis PhD research analyzes the social dimension of Malian students' mobility in French and Moroccan higher education. Confronted with a higher education system with limited capacity, many Malian students perceive mobility as a loophole. These students going abroad perpetuate a tradition of mobility consubstantial with the training of Malian elites in the twentieth century. This mobility is encouraged by the state through cooperation exchanges, as well as private educational institutions particularly in Morocco, that adapt their educational options and services to the demands of sub-Saharan countries. We interrogate how geographical mobility is part of a social mobility strategy and then demonstrate how inequalities in the Malian school system, based on disparities in economic, cultural and social capital, shape inequalities in access to mobility. However, these inequalities are overcome by the mobilization of "weak ties", including extended kinship, by socially disadvantaged students. Social capital plays a crucial role in achieving success through mobility, where students from disadvantaged families succeed as much as those from elite families with politico-economic and religious clout. The career paths of Malian graduates from France and Morocco finally highlight the key role of international mobility for higher education, in addition to schooling in Mali: a guarantee of access to elite status in Mali, for the greater number. Consequently, international mobility appears as a factor in the transformation of social hierarchies
Cave, Olivier. "La mobilité européenne du travailleur temporaire." Montpellier 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON10050.
Full textLa, Gorce Gilles de. "Mobilité sociale et trajectoires individuelles : l'histoire d'une spécialité de la sociologie et l'étude du cas d'une génération de Parisiens." Paris, EHESS, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EHES0045.
Full textIn the first part, assigned to the history of the analysis of social mobility, are presented the first works of the beginning of the century, focused on the issues of social heredity and circulation of elites, the work of sorokin, the post-war works, characterized by the effect of the functionalist theory and statistical surveys carried on large samples, the rise of quantitative methods, like analysis of status attainmant or, later, comparisons with log-linear models. At this point, the author describes the crisis started fifteen years ago and the come-back of qualitative surveys and biographical analysis. In the second part, assigned to a survey carried on a generation of parisians, a statistical analysis is presented, involving a critical analysis of mobility tables and a research of a better description of occupational careers by making classifications. A new theoretical framework is discussed and fitted to biographical data rebuilt from life-stories of parisians
Dantan, Sophie. "Transmission intergénérationnelle des inégalités : le rôle des politiques publiques." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CERG0647.
Full textThis thesis focuses on several of channels of the intergenerational transmission of inequalities, so as to evaluate the efficiency of public policies in increasing social mobility. From a European panel, the first two chapters measure and compare different mobility indices by country. The cross-country comparison sheds the light on the higher efficiency of the public policies –in particular education policies – implemented in Nordic countries. The last two chapters concern residential segregation, which is shown to accentuate the transmission of inequalities in the economic literature. The determinants of the urban segregation in the Paris region (Ile-de-France) are disentangled in order to evaluate the potential effect of some housing policies, in particular those which aim at promoting homeownership
PUEL, MARCEL. "La mobilité sociale dans le roman anglais de Defoe à Smolett : images et réalités." Dijon, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987DIJOL007.
Full textThe major events of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in England contributed to the formation of ruling class hostility to plebeian social ambition in the eighteenth century. Although gentility remained a cardinal social norm, the rise of commercial and financial activities and of the professions provided the middle classes with increased opportunities of promotion. Thus the distinction between gentleman and plebeian became less clear-cut and less absolute. Despite a remarkable stability of the landed elite, hostility to upward mobility among the common people remained deep-seated. This generated a tension between social conservatism and growing aspirations. From Defoe to Smollett both major and minor novels display the same hostility to "upstarts" and the same concern at the precariousness of women's position. The minor fiction does not deal with male upward mobility achieved in any ordinary trade or profession. A few heroines rise through marriage and a few male protagonists are upwardly mobile in some distant land or by retrieving their lost (or unknown) status. Downward mobility is seldom irreversible -- rather it serves as a test, which takes place far from England, thereby losing its social significance. The major novels have a greater wealth of social content and psychological insights. Birth and kinship fantasies are a key element in Defoe’s, fielding's and Smollett’s works. Defoe's characters, whether foundlings or illegitimate children, reach affluence without achieving social integration. Richardson's Pamela is the sole genuine novel about social mobility. Both major and minor novels are characterized by the return to the norm, the norm being the enlightened squire. This goal is reached by means which are akin to the magic aspects of fairy tales
Sinthon, Rémi. "Reconversions extrascolaires du capital culturel : une révision de la mobilité sociale depuis ses marges." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0070.
Full textThis work argues for a revision of the question of social mobility in terms of capitals and reconversion strategies. For this purpose, it describes the way French- and English-language sociology conceptualizes social positions since the 19th century, in relation to the relatively autonomous history of the discipline. Then it points recurrent biases in the analysis of social stratification and mobility: the essentialization and the routinization of categories, the adoption of an encompassing point of view, the absence of scale-homology between phenomena and their mesurement, the absence of empirically-based definition of the subject of mobility, the interference of concerns of action, the idea of movements of the society as a whole, the symmetrical analysis of downward and upward mobility, the preferential analysis of the latter. It also reconsiders the problem of social boundaries. The theoretical propositions are tested out from the case of cultural capital's reconversions outside of the French educational system (traditionally described as "intergenerational downward mobility"), using, among others, long biographical interviews and eight large public statistical inquiries. Through the conditions of socialization are studied local reconversions (in relation to the territorial basis of educational capital, which gives the occasion to discuss the concepts of strength of weak ties, of social capital and of autochthonic capital), the different relations to consumption and the uses of family real estate, the place of matrimonial and seduction strategies, and, at last, the self-presentation strategies linked with the legitimacy of reconversions
Cano, Liliana. "Income inequality, top income shares and economic mobility : Ecuador 2004-2011." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU10040.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to analyze the dynamics of income distribution in contemporary Ecuador. We defend the thesis that income inequality has declined both at functional and personal level over the last years. However, based on the recent top incomes and wealth accumulation literature and methods we show that the level of income inequality in this country is still very high. The first chapter of this thesis reviews the literature on income and wealth distribution and offers new estimates of wealth-to-income ratios and capital share of income for the 2007-2013 period thanks to national balance sheets. In the second chapter, we construct top income shares series for the period 2004-2011 thanks to micro-level tax return data. We analyze the recent trends of top incomes, their composition, the evolution of average real incomes, and we discuss the methodological challenge of working with tax data and survey data when the main objective is to capture top incomes. In the third chapter, we examine intragenerational income mobility both at the top and middle of the distribution and we analyze the main determinants of income mobility. In the last chapter of this thesis, we study whether tax policy, through progressive income taxation, is helping to reduce inequality in this country
Cognie, Florence. "La métamorphose de l'artisanat." Rouen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ROUEL012.
Full textThis thesis is questioning the pattern of crafts and also the craftsmen identity. It is also wonders about its survival in the new capitalism. The answer is based on two assumptions. First, the craft has achieved a metamorphosis. Craftsmen and craft companies are remaining true to their identity, despite their transformations and the transformations of the economic environment. Second, this thesis studies how this link between artisan and proximity somehow responds to new trends in the changes production systems, and represents “the new spirit of capitalism” (Boltanski et Chappielo, 2011). Craft companies’ specific practices in management, human resources management, marketing and communication, as well as their production model is consistent with the new forms of organization, the evolution of production models and management adopted by firms, in a word with the “ new spirit of capitalism"
Tucci, Walter. "La mobilità sociale nella società contadina della campagna torinese (XVII secolo)." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0008.
Full textThis research focuses on issues of social and geographical mobility and the mechanisms that make them possible in a rural society of the Ancien Régime, in the seventeenth century. The case study is the rural community of Lucento, ancient medieval fief located on the territory of the city of Turin the capital of the Duchy of Savoia that’s becoming the main economic and administrative center of the western Piedmont. The expansion of the city produces irreversible affects on the surrounding countryside : the demand for food products and most of all forage and hay (yields are high thanks to the cultivation of clover) promotes the rapid transformation of agrarian contracts, declining sharecropping and progress rentals farms employing wage labor, the formation of a rural middle class. Combining macro analysis (price developments, land and urban market, land revenue/farm income, wages) and techniques of microhistory, this thesis make it possible to observe in the seventeenth an experience so rare : a strong urban growth in its component “rural” or “not urban”. The analysis of the spatial diversity of technical options (the case of the manure is the most striking), contractual choice, the evolution of exploitations and most of all flows of people, lead to both a microanalysis of individual and family trajectories, sharecropper and tenant farmer, and the phenomena of mobility between urban and rural society. Finally, thanks to the identification of structural phenomena, the role of Turin recalled here the farms of Bassin Parisiens as well as the effects of english migration in London in the early modern history
Massa, Patrick. "La connaissance sociologique de la mobilité sociale dans la France des "Trente glorieuses" : dimension politique et enjeux idéologiques." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999IEPP0006.
Full textPatrick, Loubet. "Formation continue, mobilité professionnelle et promotion sociale : quelques aspects du passage technicien-ingénieur-cadre technique." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR21020.
Full textFurther education sanctioned by a degree, leading to an engineering diploma or an equivalent academic diploma (DESS) has been developed significantly since the beginning of the nineties. Traditionally targeted as a means of promotion, this training makes it possible for intermediate professional categories (technicians) to accede to positions as engineers or executive engineers. It can also be concerned with other social purposes which attest to new forms of social promotion : fending off redundancy, expanding professional skills give new objectives to adult training. The sociological analysis of the trainees attending these branches of training (particularly for the four branches hereby studied) highlights, on the one hand, downgrading and regarding and on the other, the identity construction linked to the training process. From the trainees' movements, one tries to determine the purpose of this mobility and to define thanks to "double transaction" (C. Dubar, 1991) the identity forms under construction-reconstruction, constitutive element of a professional socialization in progress. From an interaction point of view, training is envisaged as the meeting place of spatial grouping of actors and of relationships with the structural logic of companies and other funding systems, with the institutional logic of training centers (specialized, unspecialized curricula) and lastly with pedagogical theories of the branches of training (theoretical knowledge, know-how, deductive/inductive methods)
Moreno, Moreno Ahuitzotl Héctor. "Long run economic mobility." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01E004/document.
Full textEconomic mobility constitutes a social aspiration in many modern societies however do we really know the actual evolution of social mobility? In other words: 1) how can we measure economic mobility with the data available or with the technology at hand? 2) What are the trends of economic mobility experienced by the current generation? Moreover 3) how mobile is a society relative to previous generations? These questions motivate this dissertation. The complexity of these issues may derive in some sort of paralysis but it is claimed here that it may be possible to learn something about its evolution by restricting analysis to a couple of key dimensions within the economic discipline: income and education. This is the scope followed by this research. The first paper in this dissertation is devoted to deal with the lack of the required data to examine the income dynamics within one generation. It is well known that longitudinal data is often scarce and is seldom available in many countries. This is the case even in well-developed countries! This conundrum has been partially addressed through recent methodological approaches by the so-called synthetic panels. The second part of this dissertation is entirely devoted to applied research. More specifically, the second and third papers describe long run trends of economic mobility in income and education respectively. The former is devoted to intra-generational mobility while the later is devoted to inter-generational mobility. Each of them address the second and third interrogations referred above. In a way this dissertation attempts to improve the addition of the time dimension in the analysis of economic wellbeing. It attempts to produce the effect of a motion picture by the use multiple snapshots. The trends contained herein are far from being perfect and complete but they are based on the use of extensive data and multiple methods covering three decades and the same number of generations in each case. This research expects to expand our knowledge on the empirics of economic mobility as most of the studies refer to few years of intra-generational mobility or to a couple of generations only. Furthermore, most of the empirical evidence available refers to Nordic and highly industrialized countries. Mexico is the canvas of this work but the approaches and principles followed here could be easily mimicked elsewhere. The roads of our lives are constantly moving: rising and falling. In a democratic context, it is useful to know, whether our society provides the chance to get ahead regardless of our origins, or whether this chance is ruled or doomed by them. Empirical evidence is needed to foster these deliberations. This dissertation may well be an invitation to sustain this kind conversation
Ringuet, Isabelle. "Les stratégies de mobilité sociale des interprètes en Nouvelle-Ecosse et à l'Ile Royale, 1713-1758." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ47281.pdf.
Full textViaud, Jean. "Changement des représentations sociales ou déplacement social des sujets dans l'espace des représentations ? : étude longitudinale des représentations sociales de l'économie." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05H067.
Full textSirugue, Louis. "Intergenerational Mobility Across Origins in France." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0129.
Full textTo what extent is our position in society inherited or self-acquired? Understanding the forces shaping socio-economic trajectories from one generation to the next is crucial to addressing the perpetuation of inequalities. This thesis explores how the interplay of key parental characteristics determines individuals' socio-economic prospects. I focus namely on parents' income, country of birth, and place of residence. I rely on a combination of administrative datasets which allows me to describe comprehensively the intergenerational transmission of socio-economic (dis)advantage in France, and to isolate some of its underlying mechanisms. In the first chapter, co-authored with Gustave Kenedi, we provide new estimates of intergenerational income mobility in France for children born in the 1970s using rich administrative data. Since parents’ incomes are not observed, we employ a two-sample two-stage least squares estimation. We show, using the American Panel Study of Income Dynamics, that this method slightly underestimates rank-based measures of intergenerational persistence. Our results suggest that France is characterized by a strong persistence relative to other developed countries. 9.7% of children born to parents in the bottom 20% reach the top 20% in adulthood, four times less than children from the top 20%. We uncover substantial spatial variations in intergenerational mobility across departments, and a positive relationship between geographic mobility and intergenerational upward mobility. The expected income rank of individuals from the bottom of the parent income distribution who moved towards high-income departments is around the same as the expected income rank of individuals from the 75th percentile who stayed in their childhood department.In the second chapter, I investigate the differences in intergenerational mobility between children born in France to native versus immigrant parents. For most origin groups, and systematically among daughters, income gaps with children of natives disappear when comparing individuals whose parents had the same income. Still, a gap persists for sons of immigrants from North Africa, despite higher rates of college graduation at the lower end of the parents' income distribution. The gap is lower among positive-income earners, and vanishes in terms of hourly wage, hinting at a labor market access mechanism. I investigate the role of residential segregation in this remaining gap using an instrumental variable approach. I estimate a spatial division index based on how geographical barriers partition the urban units individuals grew up in to isolate exogenous variations in segregation. Results suggest that residential segregation has a significantly negative effect on intergenerational mobility for sons of natives, and even more so for sons of North African immigrants. A marginally significant effect is found for daughters of natives as well, but no effect is observed among other groups.In the last chapter, co-authored with Yajna Govind, we examine how changing the costs of acquiring citizenship translates into naturalization decisions for second-generation immigrants, and the effect of naturalization on their labor market outcomes. We exploit the abolition of mandatory military service in France as an exogenous reduction in the cost of citizenship for men. In line with the predictions of our theoretical framework, we find that the reform induced a jump in male naturalization rates, entirely driven by European Union citizens. Using a Synthetic Difference-in-Differences, we show that the probability of employment for EU males consequently increased by 1.7 percentage points, through a reduction in inactivity rather than unemployment. We provide suggestive evidence that this effect is mainly driven by an increase in public sector employment and a reduction in self-employment
Gentil, Aurelien. "Les dimensions spatiales de la vie sociale des bi-saisonniers mobiles du tourisme." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2108.
Full textWith the comparative ethnographic studies of a seaside resort in Les Landes and a Savoy ski resort as a starting point, this research examines the spatial dimensions of the social lives of people who inhabit different places within a same year to work in the tourism sector. Joining urban sociology and the sociology of youth and social insecurity, this study analyses the socializing effects of a discontinuous relationship to time and space, in the light of the multiple spheres of existence impacted by this discontinuity: professional, residential, conjugal, relational, domestic and corporeal. A synchronic approach first shows how individuals sharing a relative similarity in their positions inhabit a same space differently depending on social characteristics, their trajectory and their history at the resort. The comparison between what goes on in the summer at the seaside resort and in the winter at the mountain resort confirms the weight of place on the different appropriations of these spaces and the way local social life is structured. This research also sheds light on the social effects of social insecurity and the socializing power of different forms of secondary adaptation that spatial and temporal discontinuity engages. For many subjects, mostly under the age of 30 from middle – upper class backgrounds, being a seasonal worker appears to be a temporary way of escaping the crystallization of a potential social downgrading by staying mobile. This practice, in a context strongly marked by the structural precariousness of employment, fits into an experimentation logic linked to youth as opposed to entering adult life. Furthermore, this research shows how local anchoring and the attachment to a particular seasonal resort, where life is ruled by interconnections and local relationships, offer different resources to cope with instability and incertitude better. The symbolic ways of compensating for social insecurity for which these resources become the backing nourish a strong internalization of social coercion and the injunction to be mobile carried by modern capitalism. A diachronic approach then brings the social conditions that surround the course of a bi-seasonal mobile worker’s life to light. It shows how entering the seasonal working world and the stabilization in this alternating lifestyle seems to be both a break from the trajectory prior to it but also a continuity of certain dispositions previously assimilated in the home or professional spheres. With the advancement of life, the constraints of bi-seasonal mobile life, and the little outlook they entail, come into conflict with residential, domestic, marital and professional forms of stabilization that the characterizes the entrance into adult life. These conflicts eventually lead most individuals to stop the seasonal alternating lifestyle after a few years experience. However the socializing force of the social environment they have evolved in leads to a reconfiguration of their social destiny for some, which they where objectively destined to by their background or their education trajectory. This reconfiguration can materialize in the form of the settlement in a touristic place that had been inhabited temporarily in the first place