Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mobility culture'

Social mobility is often viewed as a way to alleviate poverty and create equality; it represents the basis upon which the United States is viewed as a meritocratic nation of opportunity. Missing from this persistent narrative, however, is analysis of the actual experience of social mobility. This qualitative study explores the narratives of individuals as they reflect on their experiences of upward mobility through education. Data include in-depth interviews with 25 individuals with an advanced degree whose parents did not attend college, and 10 individuals who have an advanced degree similar to their parents. This study considers three dimensions of cultural capital—embodied cultural capital associated with how individuals present themselves, linguistic cultural capital associated with how individuals speak and communicate and cultural capital related to taste, beliefs and knowledge, associated with individual’s leisure time choices, food and drink preferences and beliefs about the world. Across data, mobile individuals express the expectation or need to take on the cultural practices and behavior of their new class context. Data suggest that the process through which upwardly mobile individuals experience shifts in culture is more complex than currently conceived. In addition, these changes in culture can lead to internal conflict and difficulty in connection with families of origin; representing the potential costs of upward mobility. Implications include an amendment to cultural mobility research and to current strategies in urban education which position cultural capital as a character trait that can be learned or taken up by individuals.

Les valeurs culturelles et leur impact sur les attitudes et les comportements ont longtemps été un objet de débat. La mondialisation, la migration et l'expatriation ont contribué au conflit provoqué par l'interaction entre les multiples identités culturelles, en particulier lorsqu’il s’agit d'organisations constituées de personnel diversifié. La France est un cas singulier, offrant un contexte historique et culturel particulièrement intéressant pour l’étude de ce sujet. En effet, la culture dominante en France prône l'égalitarisme et la laïcité. Parallèlement, une grande partie de la population française a adopté des valeurs culturelles issues de ses croyances religieuses. De plus, les perceptions au sujet de «l'égalité des chances» offerte par la société varient considérablement selon les cultures. Cette question est particulièrement importante dans un environnement de travail où les individus ayant des croyances diverses et complexes participent à des activités collectives. L'objectif de cette thèse est de découvrir les mécanismes par lesquels les attributs culturels déterminent une éthique de travail - premièrement, à travers leur interaction avec les croyances religieuses; et deuxièmement, à travers les croyances implicites sur la structure de la société. Les résultats révèlent que les pensées religieuses influencent positivement l’éthique de travail et le niveau de l’effort quand une culture de la religiosité est proéminente et négativement lorsque la culture laïque est saillante. Par ailleurs, cette recherche éclaircit les différentes perceptions de l'égalité des chances dans la société. Les attitudes méritocratiques sont directement influencées par la façon dont les gens distinguent la structure sociale : selon qu’elle soit perçue comme rigide ou malléable. Sur trois essais, cette thèse soulève une problématique particulièrement importante à laquelle font face les employeurs et les décideurs politiques, en particulier en France. Elle fournit une explication quant à l'impact des valeurs culturelles et religieuses, des perceptions sur la malléabilité de la structure sociale, et des mentalités, sur la prévision de l’éthique de travail et la motivation
Cultural values and their impact on people’s attitudes and behavior have long been a place for debate. Globalization, migration and expatriation have contributed to the conflict caused by the interaction among multiple cultural identities, particularly when it comes to organizations with diverse workforce. Specifically, France is a unique case that provides a historically and culturally rich, yet very ambiguous context for studying this topic. The dominant culture in France emphasizes on egalitarianism and secularism. However, a great part of the population has adopted distinct cultural values with regard to their religious beliefs. Moreover, the perception about ‘equal opportunities’ provided by the society varies considerably across the cultures. The topic is specifically important at workplace, where individuals with diverse and sometimes divergent beliefs take part in collective activities. The objective of this dissertation is to discover the mechanisms by which cultural attributes predict work ethic and productivity- first, through their interaction with religious beliefs; and second through the implicit theories about the societal structure. The findings reveal that religious thoughts positively influence work ethic and level effort when a culture of religiosity is prominent and negatively when the laïc culture is salient. Furthermore, this research sheds light to the different perceptions about equal opportunities in the society. The meritocratic attitudes are directly influenced by the extent to which people perceive the social structure to be malleable vs. fixed. Across three essays, this dissertation addresses a particularly important issue as faced by employers and policy makers, specifically in France. It provides a compelling understanding about a number of antecedents of work ethic and work behavior; namely, the cultural and religious values, perceptions about malleability of the social structure, and mindsets

Groups of agriculturalist/hunter-gatherers known as the Fremont inhabited the eastern Great Basin and Colorado Plateau from roughly A.D. 1-A.D. 1350 (Madsen 1989). Fremont groups used differing storage strategies through time and across space. Storage strategies included on-site and off-site storage facilities which were constructed above and/or below-ground. These forms of storage occurred at different frequencies and times throughout the Fremont's 1350 year time span. Researchers (Binford 1980, 1990; Keeley 1988; Soffer 1989; Testart 1982; Wills 1992; Young 1996) using examples from various parts of the world have noted a correlation between the degree of residential mobility and the use of storage. Lisa Young's (1996) model of storage and mobility posits that there is a direct correlation between the types of storage facilities a group uses and the level of mobility that they engage in. Generally, groups who use subterranean and/or off-site storage engage in a mobile or semi-sedentary settlement strategy and those who use on-site above-ground storage engage in a sedentary settlement strategy. This model was used to analyze mobility among the Fremont. To do so, a storage database was created which contained information on Fremont storage features such as type, location, date, and size. Analysis shows that there was a general trend of increasing sedentism through time for the Fremont, although this trend varies in degree through three general time periods and in three geographic areas. Further, the data was analyzed to determine whether there was significant spatial or temporal patterning of storage facilities. It was found that significant patterns do exist and are correlated in part with Fremont mobility.

Objective : to explore wheeled mobility use by First Nation Elders who live on reserves in Canada. Purpose: to gain an understanding of the importance of Elder cultural participation, the perceptions of the effects of participation on health, how cultural participation has changed since becoming a wheeled mobility user, the barriers to participation, and thoughts on how participation can be improved. Method: A database search of the literature was conducted in an iterative manner from September 2015-June 2017 to locate research related to wheeled mobility. The population of interest was First Nation Elders who live on reserve in Canada. All types of study designs and methods were considered. An interpretive phenomenological study was also conducted in order learn about the lived experiences of First Nation Elder wheeled mobility users in accessing the cultural elements of their communities. Data were collected using a demographic form and a semi-structured interview. Findings: The author did not find any studies on wheeled mobility use by Elders on reserve, or their impacts on cultural participation during the literature review. Several barriers to cultural participation were brought forward during the phenomenological study which included: lack of access to outdoors; lack of transportation; inaccessible paths of travel; lack of access at the events; and feelings of sigma and burden.

This thesis is a reception study that examines potential reasons why the adolescent to college aged demographic of youth culture is embracing communicative and informational mobility. The project attests that the move to mobility is motivated by two major factors, the attraction of being an early adopter of technology and the way social behaviors are made attractive in mobile marketing. Chapter 1 explores the importance of these social behaviors, as they are very much intertwined and contribute to how youth acclimate into society. Chapter 2 demonstrates that creating social distinction and cultural capital is linked to being an early adopter of technology. The remaining portion of the document examines recent mobile advertisements and why youth would be attracted to the aesthetic and thematic elements contained in the advertisements. Chapter 3 examines how Blackberry utilizes the behavior of creating and expressing identity in their advertisements. Chapter 4 focuses on how Apple has worked to create a community centered around their brand. Finally, Chapter 5 looks at how Google/Android has highlighted the acquisition, sharing, and utilization of content through the phenomenon of applications. With this project, I hope to illustrate the rationale why youth would be attracted to communicative and informational mobility.

Firefly, a television series created, written, and directed by Joss Whedon, premiered on the Fox network in 2002 and aired only eleven episodes before it was cancelled halfway through its first season. While it gained some on-air popularity, it was not until fans convinced Fox via online chatrooms to release the series on DVD that it gained posthumous acclaim. Whedon credits westerns as the inspiration for Firefly because frontier characters tend to be natural, flawed, complex human beings who question universal truths through widely recognized motifs of classic westerns. In a February 17, 2011 Entertainment Weekly interview, Firefly actor Nathan Fillion stated that if he won the lottery, he would buy the rights to Firefly, inadvertently rallying fans to bring back the series that was cancelled almost a decade before, mirroring the cowboy culture that Firefly emulates of marginalized individuals fighting for a cause. Despite its science fiction and space motifs, Firefly is no different from classic westerns in blending legend and reality, reinforcing the mixture of myth and fact that constitutes frontier ideology. Firefly, like the cowboy culture it represents, has become a cultural icon, romanticized because of its brief and nostalgic nature. This paper will look at the enduring appeal of Firefly through western motifs of frontier, displacement, and mobility, considering why westerns lend themselves to continued nostalgia and reinvention in contemporary popular culture.

The social fact of movement is a significant underlying feature of early medieval Northumbria, as it is for other regions and other periods. The eighth-century Anglo- Latin hagiographical tradition that centres on Bede (673-735) is not known for its articulacy concerning travel, and what is expressed might well be overlooked for its brevity. This thesis explores the relationship between allegories and symbolism, and the underlying travel-culture in prose histories and hagiographies produced in Northumbria in the early eighth century. It demonstrates the wide extent to which travel was meaningful. The range of connotations applied to movement and travel motifs demonstrate a multi-layered conceptualization of mobility, which is significant beyond the study of travel itself. In three sections, the thesis deals first with the mobility inherent in early medieval monasticism and the related concepts that influence scholarly expectations concerning this travel. The ideas of stabilitas and peregrinatio are explored in their textual contexts. Together they highlight that monastic authors were concerned with the impact of movement on discipline and order within monastic communities. However, early medieval monasticism also provided opportunities for travel and benefitted from that movement. Mobility itself could be praised as a labour for God. The second section deals with how travel was narrated. The narrative role of sea, land, and long-distance transport provide a range of stimuli for the inclusion and exclusion of travel details. Whilst figurative allegory plays its part in explaining both the presence and absence of sea travel, other, more mundane meanings are applied to land transport. Through narratives, those who were unable to travel great distances were given the opportunity to experience mobility and places outside of their homes. The third section builds on this idea of the experience of movement, teasing out areas where a textual embodiment of travel was significant, and those where the contrasting textual experience of travel is illustrative of narrative techniques and expectations. This section also looks at the hagiographical evidence for wider experiences of mobility, outside of the travel of the hagiographical subjects themselves. It demonstrates the transformation of the devotional landscape at Lindisfarne and its meaning for the social reality of movement. This wide-ranging exploration of the theme of mobility encourages the development of scholarship into movement, and into the connections between travel and other aspects of society.

Erik Satie (1866-1925) lived, worked, walked, and died in Paris. The key locations of his career – all within a single urban region – are well known and well researched. Yet he has often been presented as an eccentric individualist far removed from any social or geographical context. This thesis seeks to address – and redress – the decontextualisation of Satie’s career by re-imagining his music and biography in terms of the places and mobilities of turn-of-the-century Paris. To that end, it draws on a range of documentary and fictional material, including journalistic and scholarly reception texts, illustrated musical scores, chanson collections, contemporary visual culture, and cinematic representations of the people, place(s), and period(s) in question. These diverse primary and secondary sources are discussed and interpreted via a set of on-going debates at the intersection of historical musicology, cultural history, and urban geography. Some of these debates can be traced through existing research on the geography of music. Others are more local to this project and derive their value from suggesting alternative approaches to familiar problems in the study of French musical modernism. The main aim throughout is to develop a better understanding of the relations existing between Satie’s musical life, his compositional strategies, and the changing urban environment in which he plied his trade. Chapters One and Two focus on the working-class suburb of Arcueil and the ‘bohemian’ enclave of Montmartre. Chapters Three and Four are organised thematically around issues of musical humour and everyday life. By using the particular example of Satie’s Paris, the thesis proposes that more general avenues of enquiry are opened up into music and the city, thus demonstrating the potential benefits of incorporating the urban-geographic imagination into historical musicology more broadly, and bringing musicological thinking to bear on inter-disciplinary discussions about space, place, and mobility.

Le travail que nous allons maintenant présenter concerne l’étude archéozoologique des restes de mammifères récupérés sur les huit sites qui constituent cette tradition culturelle en Patagonie australe. Il aborde l’étude des stratégies de subsistance à travers les principales caractéristiques des spectres taxonomiques observés dans les sites, et leurs variations en fonction de la distribution géographique de ces derniers. Les buts de cette recherche visent à établir qu’elles furent les ressources cynégétiques exploitées, et leur ordre d’importance dans le fonctionnement de ces groupes. L’étude archéozoologique a permis d’évaluer également leur mobilité grâce à l’analyse de la sélection des proies et l’étude des stratégies de chasse induites. Dans le cas des restes d’otaridés, on a calculé des indices d’utilité économique pour les espèces les plus importantes de la région (Arctocephalus australis et Otaria flavescens). Cette démarche nous a permis d’explorer les variations des profils d’abondance anatomique dans les assemblages archéologiques, en liaison avec les stratégies de transport et/ou de consommation différentielle des otaridés. On a ainsi pu évaluer les stratégies des chasseurs-cueilleurs anciens et leur hiérarchisation dans différentes zones. Un autre objectif de ce travail a consisté à effectuer une comparaison des résultats obtenus pour les sites anciens du détroit de Magellan et de la mer d’Otway avec ceux des gisements qui présentent des chronologies et des éléments culturels similaires à l’extrémité sud de l’archipel fuégien, dans le canal Beagle
The present work concerns the zooarchaeological study of mammalian remains found in the oldest sites of marine hunter groups using navigation at the Strait of Magellan and interior seas, Southernmost Patagonia, Chile. The materials have been attributed to a common tradition: Englefield Culture, developing between 7500 and 6200 Cal years BP. Through the study of subsistence strategies, our research deals with a main characterization of the taxonomie spectrum observed in the sites, and their variation as a function of geographic differences. The objectives of this investigation are to set up which were the cynegetic resources exploited and their ranking within the social group functioning. Also, this zooarchaeological study bas allowed the evaluation of their mobility, acknowledged by the analysis of prey selection and implications based on hunting strategies. For the case of otary remains, indexes of economic utility for the main species of the region have been estimated. This approach bas allowed exploring the variation within the anatomie abundance profiles of each archaeological assemblage, and its relation to transport strategies and/or differential consumption of otariids. Moreover, ancient hunter­gatherer strategies and their hierarchy within different geographic zones have been assessed. An additional objective of this research bas consisted in comparing the results obtained for the early sites of the Strait of Magellan and Otway Sea with sites from the extreme southern end of the Fueguian archipelago (Beagle Channel), with similar chronologies and cultural elements

Notre recherche s'intéresse à la mobilité étudiante libyenne. Les particularités du public concerné ainsi que les objectifs de leur séjour en France différencient à plusieurs égards cette mobilité d'autres formes de mobilité académique. En effet, notre échantillon est constitué de professeurs (dans différents domaines) ayant repris des études et qui sont, en partie, des non-spécialistes en langue française, donc sans connaissance préalable de cette langue. Un certain nombre de ces étudiants était accompagné de leur famille. Ces faits constituent les spécificités les plus saillantes de l'échantillon d'enquête. L'étude s'intéresse, au moyen d'une approche quantitative, au parcours de ces étudiants « particuliers ». Notre recherche veut mettre en lumière les manières dont ces étudiants, qui ont longtemps vécu dans un système fermé où ils étaient, entre autres, exposés à la diffusion d'images négatives sur l'Occident ont fait face à une altérité linguistique et culturelle très différente de leur milieu d'origine. Elle interroge l'impact du choc culturel, les stratégies d'adaptation à des pratiques sociales qui ne leur sont absolument pas familières et leur disposition à l'ouverture. Une importance particulière est accordée à l'influence de la religion, base de leur culture d'origine, sur la perception de la différence. Nous montrons que la mise en perspective de deux univers opposés induira des questionnements sur l'autre et sur soi auxquels les étudiants répondront par une forte résistance au milieu d'accueil, nourrie par un bouclier identitaire omniprésent, même si l'expérience a permis à certains d'acquérir un regard plus large sur la différence et sur l'échange avec l'autre différent. Par ailleurs, l'étude pointe les failles du système éducatif libyen et de la politique éducative libyenne en général, caractérisés par un manque de vision globale et de décisions aléatoires. Par ses résultats, l'étude espère contribuer à améliorer la compréhension des problèmes spécifiques auxquels ces étudiants sont confrontés et qui rendent indispensables une préparation, un accompagnement ainsi qu'un retour réflexif sur l'expérience
Our research deals with the Libyan students’ mobility, but this study differs from the usual student studies due to the nature of its sample and the objectives of this mobility. Indeed, our sample is composed of professors (in different areas) who have resumed studies, a growing number of non-specialists in French who have never studied this language before, and finally the very nature of this mobility is intriguing because these professors have moved with their families. We are talking about the specificities of the Libyan students’ mobility. Through a thorough study, the work focuses on the journey of these students 'special needs'. Indeed this work is to measure the extent of the culture shock experienced by these very students. The analysis shed light on the dynamics of their representations. The encounter with other students revealed our own students many realities about themselves during their time at universities. Our students who also have developed strong resistance home about Western identities nourished by an omnipresent identity shield face challenges and have to debunk some misinterpretations. Although the factors influencing on the social background are important, we were able to identify the most important ones for our respondents. The study also emphasizes on the flaws of the Libyan education system, and the Libyan educational policies in general, characterized by a lack of global vision and partial decision making. The result of this study can contribute to better preparation for Libyan students who want to study abroad and also to suggest that more intercultural awareness must be taken into consideration when it comes to students’ mobility

Cette étude vise à étudier les relations entre l'expérience du programme Erasmus et l'augmentation de l'intelligence culturelle (CQ), de la résilience et des compétences transversales. Cette étude contribue à lala compréhension du "processus d'apprentissage interculturel", en fusionnant les données quantitatives et qualitatives. Le siteLa recherche a impliqué 170 étudiants Erasmus et 52 étudiants universitaires qui n'ont jamais participé auProgramme Erasmus. Ces données ont été collectées en deux phases : pour les étudiants Erasmus avant leur départet à la réadmission et pour le groupe témoin avec un intervalle de temps entre les deux administrations d'environ 6mois. Les résultats ont montré des augmentations significatives de la qualité cognitive, de la résilience et des compétences transversales pour les échantillons des étudiants Erasmus, au contraire, tout changement significatif a été constaté pour le groupe de contrôle.Les données qualitatives des rapports d'"incidents critiques" permettent de mieux comprendre le rôle joué par les étudiants Erasmus à l'étranger.expérience sur le processus d'apprentissage interculturel. Cette étude fournit des preuves sur le programme Erasmuset semble confirmer l'attente élaborée par le processus de Bologne 2020
This study aims to investigate the relationships between Erasmus program experience and theincrease of cultural intelligence (CQ), resilience and transversal skills. This study contributes to theunderstanding of “the cross-cultural learning process”, merging quantitative and qualitative data. Theresearch involved 170 Erasmus students and 52 college students who have never participated toErasmus program. These data were collected in two phases: for Erasmus students before departureand at re-entry and for control group with a time interval between the two administration of around 6months. Findings showed significant increases of cognitive CQ, resilience and transversal skills forthe Erasmus students’ sample, on contrary any significant change was found for the control group.Looking at ‘critical incident’ reports, qualitative data further clarify the role played by abroadexperience on the cross-cultural learning process. This study provides evidences about the Erasmusprogram value and seems to confirm expectation elaborated by Bologna process 2020

Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 24, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Michael J. O'Brien. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Targeted delivery of an active ingredient to plant systems required extensive studies in areas of soil mobility, plant root adhesion and encapsulation. To accomplish the aims of mobility and adhesion to roots, specific surface charges and colloidal forces are required. These charges are required to provide sufficient repulsive forces preventing adhesion to soil and attractive forces allowing adhesion to roots. To accomplish the aims of synthesising colloids for mobility, adhesion and also encapsulation we formed a specific strategy. We aimed to increase the anionic surface charge on colloidal nanoparticles as a means to aid mobility studies of colloids through soil by providing increased repulsive forces to prevent adhesion to both air interfaces and soil. We also designed a way to decorate colloidal nanoparticles with microgel particles thus forming a soft adhesive surface layer with which further functionality could be incorporated i.e. surface charges. Finally we designed a simple methodology for the encapsulation of oil with post functionalisation in mind. We synthesised colloidal nanoparticles, less than 200 nm, using soap-free emulsion polymerisation of styrene where up to 50 wt% of protected ethyl styrene sulphonate monomer was incorporated. The nanoparticles were hydrolysed to release the sulphonic charge using thermolysis in an autoclave. Soap-free emulsion polymerisation was used to synthesise raspberry-like and core-shell morphology decorated nanoparticles by the adhesion of crosslinked nanogel particles to a range of hydrophobic and hydrophilic seeds. Poly(acrylic) and poly(styrenic) seeds were synthesised with a range of hydrophobicities whereby more decoration of nanogel particles was achieved for hydrophilic seeds. The nanogel decoration was studied using di-, tri- and multi-functional acrylates and the morphologies changed from raspberry-like to core-shell as the functionality of the crosslinker increased. The presence of Vinyl functional groups was proved using Raman microscopy. Post functionalisation with different thiols was carried out using nucleophilic thiol-Michael addition chemistry and a loss of vinyl groups was shown. Encapsulation of aromatic oil was carried out using an interfacial thiol-Michael addition reaction between a tetra- functional thiol and a penta-/hexa- functional ene using an amine nucleophilic catalyst. A microfluidic device was used to control the capsule sizes and dispersity and light microscopy was used to study capsule sizes and dry-down properties. No rupture was observed for the millimetre and microcapsules produced but unfortunately size scale-down could not be accomplished for the current system using high shear homogenisation. In conclusion we increased the loading of sulphonate charge for colloidal poly(styrene) nanoparticles and we successfully increased the surface area of styrenic and acrylic seed nanoparticles using nanogel particle adhesion. We post functionalised decorated nanoparticles using thiol-Michael addition reactions and synthesised capsules using thiol-Michael addition reactions confined in a microfluidic device.

Many changes have occurred in the United States trucking industry over the last thirty years. This study examines the effects of these changes by looking at three related themes: life on the road and life at home, body image and bodily health, and the experiences of women and sexual minorities in the industry. This research is based on a discourse analysis of interviews conducted with truck drivers and trucking industry leaders. Most truck drivers say that they value the independent nature of their workplace. Yet the independence that is a part of the trucker mystique is challenged by increased surveillance and the availability of more invasive surveillance technologies to motor carriers and the United States government. At the same time drivers face long periods of time away from home and they experience disconnection from their families. Families must learn to adapt to the absence of their trucking loved ones which is a difficult task. However, sometimes these adaptations can result in positive changes for partners at home, such as increased independence and more authority in the home. The bodies of truck drivers are also examined. Many drivers believe that their image as workers has taken a turn for the worst and the bodily presentation plays an important role in image. Drivers seek to set themselves apart from drivers who they think perpetuate negative images of their industry through sloppy dress and a lack of professionalism. At the same time, there is increasing evidence that the working conditions of this industry lead to unhealthy bodies that are diseased and worn out. Finally, very little has been written about women or gays and lesbians in this workplace. Women represent only five percent of this industry and they face significant barriers to surviving in this occupation because many male workers seek to marginalize them through exclusionary practices like sexual harassment. Members of the LGBT community are represented in the industry and find both comfort and exclusion in trucking. This work also examines the sexual subcultures in trucking such as sex workers and truck chasers.

L’expérience que les enfants font de leur communauté est le résultat de l’interaction de plusieurs facteurs. Parmi ceux-ci, l’agencéité des enfants est identifiée comme étant d’une grande importance, malgré les contraintes imposées par des facteurs externes tels les structures organisationnelles et institutionnelles ou la participation au sein de registres sémiotiques. En utilisant le cas présenté par les familles militaires francophones de Cold Lake, en Alberta, cette dissertation contribue à tracer le portrait d’enfants qui jouent un rôle d’importance dans l’expérience de la vie communautaire ainsi que dans les processus de formation identitaire au niveau de la communauté. La vie sociale des jeunes francophones de Cold Lake est caractérisée par un haut niveau de mobilité et est assujettie à des registres sémiotiques persistants au travers de discours couvrant des sujets tels la mobilité, le militaire, et l’identité francophone. Le travail ethnographique accompli à Cold Lake permet de décrire une communauté où se rencontrent des individus ayant vécu leur mobilité familiale dans des contextes différents et de documenter les effets de cette diversité sur l’expérience communautaire des enfants ainsi que sur leur concept d’identité et d’appartenance. Cette réflexion est fondée sur un travail the terrain ethnographique autour de la communauté associée à la base de la 4ième Escadre de Cold Lake, une base de l’Aviation royale canadienne. En étudiant une communauté caractérisée par la mobilité de ses membres, je fais la démonstration que la continuité au niveau communautaire, ainsi que la reproduction culturelle, n’est pas nécessairement liée à une continuité au sein de la population. Ce faisant, je présente la communauté comme résultant de l’expérience d’environnements sociaux par le biais d’une l’agencéité entrant en contact avec des registres sémiotiques au sein de structures institutionnelles. Finalement, cette dissertation fait aussi la description des défis et des opportunités que rencontrent les familles militaires francophones de Cold Lake. Leur situation particulière, en tant qu’individus mobiles vivant en marge de plusieurs institutions et organisations, nous permet d’affiner la compréhension des impacts de la mobilité et des conflits de loyauté sur les concepts d’appartenance et d’identité.
In this dissertation, I show that while the experience that children have of their community is influenced by external factors such as semiotic registers and structural relationships, it is also shaped through their own agency. Through working with children of French-speaking military families in Cold Lake, Alberta, I contribute to a portrayal of children as playing an important role, not only in how they experience community, but in the very shaping of the community itself. Through a focus on how children of military members attending the French school École Voyageur experience their social environment, it becomes apparent that while this is characterized by a high degree of mobility, they are nevertheless subjected to lasting semiotic registers defined by ongoing discourses surrounding topics such as mobility, the military, and francophone identity. By taking account of how children of mobile families, and adults involved in their lives, express their understanding of their place within various institutions, this dissertation contributes to furthering the understanding of potential effects of various patterns of mobility on childhood experiences of community and concepts of identity and belonging. This work is grounded in data collected during fieldwork in and around a military community associated with 4 Wing Cold Lake, a Royal Canadian Air Force base. What is shown with the data gathered from fieldwork is that continuity in a community, and even cultural maintenance, does not require continuity within the population. In doing so I show that conflicting views concerning the idea of community can be reconciled by describing it as the result of experience of social environments through the encounter of individual agency with semiotic registers and networks of institutional structures. Finally, this work also describes some of the challenges and opportunities encountered by children of French-speaking military families in Cold Lake. Their particular situation, as mobile individuals evolving on the margin of multiple institutions and organisations, makes them subjects of interest to understand the impacts of mobility and of diverging loyalties on concepts of belonging and identity.

This comparative case study examines the timely issue of internationalization of the Swedish higher education system in the context of lagom, a Swedish word which means “not too much, not too little, just the right amount.” This study presents a comprehensive overview of internationalization policies at the international and national levels, and examines their application at the institutional level within a higher education institution in Sweden to determine gaps between policy and practice. The data was gathered through qualitative interviews with students and international university administrators, which provided their perspectives of the current internationalization efforts, as well as a summary of the current internationalization policies at the institution. The interviews pointed to the organizational culture of the university as a factor affecting internationalization, taking Swedish lagom culture into consideration. This discovery is followed by the application of Sporn’s Organizational Culture Typology (1996) to the institution to understand the strengths and weaknesses of the university, and how to harness the strategic management style to better facilitate internationalization and thus increase the number of students pursuing studies abroad. The results suggest that a more centralized organizational university culture is a more effective way to facilitate internationalization. Additionally, the Swedish lagom culture presents a uniquely challenging paradigm for fostering the innovative internationalization agenda in HEIs.

京都大学
新制・課程博士
博士(人間・環境学)
甲第23270号
人博第985号
京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生人間学専攻
(主査)教授 内田 由紀子, 教授 齋木 潤, 教授 月浦 崇
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies
Kyoto University
DGAM

A dissertação propõe o estudo da cultura material - representada pela arquitetura e indumentária - de sociedades que mantém ou em algum momento tiveram comportamentos nômades. A pesquisa se ocupa de corpos que estão em movimento, marcados por ritos e exposto a condições ambientais extremas; vestuários e acessórios feitos sob medida e imbuídos de poderes sobrenaturais e habitações conscientes de sua efemeridade. Seu objetivo geral é estudar as inter-relações que se estabelecem através de suportes efêmeros como as habitações e trajes. Em específico ela busca conhecer os processos de produção do espaço da habitação nômade; apreender e identificar o processo de concepção, confecção e uso dos vestuários; perceber a importância das manifestações da cultura material nômade para a sua identidade e estética e procurar similaridades construtivas, visuais e estéticas entre vestes e abrigos nômades. A dissertação é o resultado da revisão bibliográfica que transita pelos trabalhos de Bernard Rudofsky, Florencia Ferrari, Labelle Prussin, Mark Jarzombek, Mette Bovin, Paul Oliver, Robert Kroenenburg, Torvald Faegre entre outros; do estudo de caso dos Ciganos Calons e de quatro povos nômades: Beduínos, Inuit, Tuaregues e Wodaabes; das visitas realizadas aos acampamentos Calons em São Paulo e no Espírito Santo e das entrevistas à costureira especializada em vestidos ciganos. Esta obra fortalece o vínculo conceitual e prático entre indumentária e arquitetura através do estudo paralelo dessas duas manifestações culturais. Ela constata que o vestuário nômade vai muito além da necessidade de proteção e do desejo de ornamentação, muitas vezes estando relacionado à cosmologia ou aos mitos e crenças destas sociedades e reitera a importância de repensarmos as concepções clássicas e eruditas da arquitetura.
This dissertation aims to study the material culture - represented by the architecture and clothing - of societies that maintain or at some point had nomadic behaviors. The research deals with bodies that are in movement, marked by rites and exposed to extreme environmental conditions; Clothing and accessories made to measure and imbued with supernatural powers and dwellings aware of their ephemerality. Its general objective is to study the interrelationships that are established through ephemeral supports such as shelters and costumes. Speci?ically, it seeks to know the processes of production of the nomadic housing space; to seize and identify the process of designing, making and using garments; to perceive the importance of nomadic material culture manifestations for their identity and aesthetics and to look for constructive, visual and aesthetic similarities between nomadic garments and shelters. The dissertation is the result of the bibliographical review of the works of Bernard Rudofsky, Florencia Ferrari, Labelle Prussin, Mark Jarzombek, Mette Bovin, Paul Oliver, Robert Kroenenburg, Torvald Faegre among others; the case study of the Calon Gypsies and four other nomadic societies: Bedouin, Inuit, Tuareg and Wodaabes; visits to the Calon camps in São Paulo and Espírito Santo and interviews with the seamstress specialized in gypsy dresses. This work strengthens the conceptual and practical link between clothing and architecture through the parallel study of these two cultural manifestations. It ?inds that the nomadic clothing goes far beyond the need for protection and the desire for ornamentation, often being related to the cosmology or the myths and beliefs of these societies and reiterates the importance of rethinking the classic and scholarly conceptions of architecture.

La Campanie antique, qui intègre Étrusques, Grecs et Indigènes, offre un point d'observation privilégiée pour réfléchir aux phénomènes de contact culturel, de mobilité et d’intégration. En effet, pendant le VIIIe s. av. J.-C, l’établissement des Grecs sur les côtes tyrrhéniennes favorise le développement d’un système de relations entre les différents acteurs du peuplement et détermine, à l’intérieur du monde indigène, un processus de mobilité géographique et sociale d’envergure.L’examen archéologique des nécropoles du centre étrusque de Pontecagnano entre le VIIIe et le VIe s. av. J. –C., et des celles des sites de l’Ager Picentinus, permet d’envisager la nature de ces phénomènes de mobilité à l’échelle du centre principal, dans le cadre d’un rapport dialectique de celui-ci avec son territoire. La pluralité des comportements funéraires montre que l’intégration d’éléments exogènes dans la communauté de Pontecagnano se fait selon différentes modalités. Cette diversité permet de questionner la portée des phénomènes de mobilité et d’intégration qu’elle implique au regard du développement social et politique de la communauté.D’un point de vue méthodologique, la thèse explore les relations complexes entre mobilités et constructions identitaires et questionne le rapport problématique qu’entretiennent ethnicité et culture matérielle. C’est seulement en abordant la culture matérielle en tant que système autonome, construit et validé dans le cadre de relations contextuelles, que l'on peut mesurer la pertinence des phénomènes de mobilité dans la documentation funéraire, et éviter ainsi toute interprétation essentialiste
Ancient Campania, with its great cultural variety, is a privileged observatory for investigating the phenomena of cultural contact, mobility and integration. During the 8th c. B.C., in fact, the populations of the region - Etruscans, Greeks and Indigenous - are included in a complex system of relations that is structured on the coast of Campania with the consolidation of the Greek presence, triggering a wide phenomenon of mobility in the Italic world.The examination of the necropolis of the Etruscan site of Pontecagnano between the 8th and the 7th c. B.C. and those from the sites of Ager Picentinus plain, allows us to understand the nature of these phenomena of mobility within the framework of the dialectical relationship between the main site and its territory, in a long-term perspective. The wide range of funerary behaviours observed in the urban necropolises of Pontecagnano shows that the integration of elements that are external to the community takes place in different ways, allowing us to read the phenomenon in relation to the political and social development of the community during the phases of acquisition of its urban dimension. From a methodological point of view, the thesis aims to analyse the complex articulation existing between mobility and identity constructions. The study also emphasises the problematic relationship between ethnicity and material culture. Variations in material culture, understood as an autonomous system, built and validated within the framework of contextual relations, can be assumed as an index of mobility, while avoiding any essentialist interpretation
La Campania antica, con la sua grande varietà culturale, costituisce un osservatorio privilegiato per approfondire i fenomeni di contatto culturale, di mobilità e di integrazione ad essa connessi. Nel corso dell’VIII s. a.C., infatti, le diverse componenti del popolamento della regione – etrusca, greca e indigena - sono inserite in un complesso sistema di relazioni, favorito dal consolidamento della presenza greca sulle coste campane, che innesca un ampio fenomeno di mobilità nel mondo italico.L’esame delle necropoli del sito etrusco di Pontecagnano tra l’VIII e il VII s. a.C., e di quelle dei siti dell’Ager Picentinus, permette di comprendere la natura di tali fenomeni di mobilità nel quadro del rapporto dialettico tra il sito principale e il suo territorio, in una prospettiva di lunga durata. L’ampia gamma dei comportamenti funerari osservabili nelle necropoli urbane di Pontecagnano mostra che l’integrazione di elementi esterni alla comunità avviene secondo modalità diverse, permettendo di leggere il fenomeno in relazione allo sviluppo politico e sociale della comunità durante la fase di acquisizione della sua dimensione urbana. Dal punto di vista metodologico, la tesi vuole analizzare le complesse articolazioni esistenti tra mobilità e costruzioni identitarie. Essa solleva importanti questioni, che traspaiono dalla lettura delle necropoli, inerenti al rapporto problematico tra etnicità e cultura materiale. Le variazioni nella cultura materiale, intesa come sistema autonomo, costruito e convalidato nel quadro delle relazioni contestuali, possono essere assunte come indice di mobilità, evitando al contempo ogni interpretazione di stampo essenzialista

This thesis offers a mixed-method exploratory investigation of global scientific mobility. Contextualised as an important factor in the development of national capacities in science and innovation, global scientific mobility has so far remained a relatively underdeveloped subject in current scholarship. In this doctoral research, the focus on the impact of global scientific mobility that entails change of affiliation on (1) research practice, in particular, boundaries of academic activities, and (2) career development trajectories, increasingly affected by globalisation, is assumed. This research responds to the interest among academic and policy communities in the role of human resources in science-driven economic growth. It integrates three sets of literature, encompassing systems approach to studying learning and innovation; transnational approach to migration studies, and social studies of science that focus on academic citizenship, to explain global transformations in scientific mobility flows across countries and regions; and the post-migration impact of scientists in host organisations and communities. Empirically, this research focuses on career trajectories and elements of academic practice of Russian-speaking nanoscientists educated in post-Soviet countries and working abroad. The Soviet Union was an internationally isolated research system and developed peculiar norms of organisation, communication and governance of science. After the breakdown, post-Soviet countries experienced large-scale human capital flight. Nanotechnology is a generic technology, thought to aggregate advanced use-inspired areas of physics, chemistry and engineering. Around the world, nanotechnology has significant political importance. Policy and public-driven emerging technology agendas reveal contribution of competent post-Soviet scientists, but also elicit differences in approaches and rewards. This study finds significant transformations in scientific mobility flows caused by globalisation-induced opportunities. As relocation becomes easier to accomplish, scientists increasingly build their careers not only in multiple organisations, but also in multiple countries. At the same time, national differences in career development paths and norms of academic community membership have significant influence on career development opportunities of scientists. However, unique skills developed during mobility open up alternative options for globally mobile Russian-speaking nanoscientists, such as engagement in transnational science diaspora networks. This research contributes to understanding of scientific mobility as a simultaneous, continuous, network-based process. It further provides insight into development of multidisciplinary research area that encompasses broader understanding of roles, activities, contributions and opportunities of foreign-born scientists in the globalising world.

This thesis explores the history of European integration in the 1950s and 1960s from a popular cultural perspective anchored to a central figure from the era, Brigitte Bardot, in order to demonstrate that the peoples of Western Europe were engaged in processes of Europeanization that helped legitimize economic and political unions. Yet, official EU policy’s privileging of one (outdated) mode for understanding culture has handicapped alternative interpretations of a common European cultural heritage, failing to embrace a shared popular culture. Bardot is a suitable icon through which to begin an exploration into the diversity and significance of an integrating postwar European popular culture because she was a microcosm of several broad, transnational trends in postwar Europe including the rise of mass mobility, a major shift in European fashions, new gender constructions, and the explicit politicization of popular culture. Her films, career, lifestyle, and representation(s) provide key axes from which one can pivot into interrelated areas of European culture and societies in this era—pop culture; consumer culture; youth culture; mobility culture; media culture; political culture; and gender relations—demonstrating a widely integrating European popular cultural sphere. Within this context, Bardot was representative of broad postwar societal changes, served as a mass diffusion tool in relating these changes to the people of Europe, and functioned as a driving force in creating new transnational popular cultural forms. In addition, Bardot is a figure useful in understanding the relationship between Europe and the United States, while also demonstrating that economics is not separate from culture and popular culture. The Treaty of Rome, ostensibly about economic integration, further enabled the many circulations apparent in Bardot's career—people, goods, information, and ideas—that were already taking place. Furthermore, popular culture was not irrelevant to, or separate from politics and it helps to explain how the escapism and narcissism of European popular consumer culture could generate a rebellious, but sophisticated political consciousness. Western Europe does indeed have a distinct history of shared popular culture, which should be a factor in discussions of ‘Europeanization’ and the legitimacy of the European Union. It is necessary to explore the roots of this shared popular culture so that it does one day form the basis of a longstanding shared popular culture and can become a recognized element supporting the legitimacy of identities in the European Union in more fluid, dynamic ways.

This qualitative phenomenological study was conducted in order to better understand the multiple multicultural educational experiences TCKs have as a result of their unwanted/unpredictable international moves. The transcendental approach included semistructured face-to-face interviews based on a questionnaire with 12 TCK students at an international school in Korea. Students were asked to share their emotional, academic, and social experiences. The three research questions underpinning the questionnaire were: What are the emotional experiences of TCK high school students at a Korean international school who had multiple school disruptions? What are the academic experiences of TCK high school students at a Korean international school who had multiple school disruptions? What are the social experiences of TCK high school students at a Korean international school who had multiple school disruptions? The participants had attended at least three different schools K-12 and had attended schools in at least two different countries. Results revealed that although TCKs are fearful of moving to a new school in a new country they are excited about the new experiences they will have as they transition to a new place and new school. Academically, the International Baccalaureate Programme is the curriculum TCKs prefer and find the most suitable to their international experiences. The most unique experiences TCKs face moving from one school to another in a different country revolve around relationships. The most difficult part about moving is leaving friends and family behind. While TCKs moving to a new school in a new country face complex challenges forming close relationships, they are open-minded and are able to relate to people from a variety of different backgrounds and nationalities.

Notre recherche, qui s’inscrit dans le champ de la sociolinguistique, vise à fournir un nouvel éclairage sur la question de la dynamique des représentations sociales produite par l’expérience de la mobilité académique. Elle prend comme sujets-témoins les étudiants koweïtiens regroupés en quatre sous-groupes variant par leur expérience de la mobilité. Cette approche méthodologique s’est avérée pertinente pour évaluer l’évolution des représentations sociales depuis l’émergence du projet de mobilité jusqu’au retour au pays. L'étude de terrain est de type exploratoire et qualitative au moyen d’entretiens semi-directifs. Les données de cette étude révèlent que les sujets en situation de mobilité académique s’inscrivent dans une dynamique d’adaptation, tan tculturelle, identitaire que linguistique. Bien qu’une évolution des représentations sociales puisse se produire sous l’effet de la mobilité académique, celle-ci ne semble toucher que des éléments périphériques, les sujets-témoins conservant intacts les éléments centraux des représentations sociales partagées par leurs concitoyens. Cette recherche contribue à une meilleure connaissance d’un contexte très peu exploré dans la littérature et fournit les clefs pour une meilleure préparation des projets de mobilité académique du Koweït vers la France
Our research, which fits into the field of sociolinguistics, aims at providing a newinsight into the dynamics of social representations resulting from the experience of academic mobility. For this study we interview Kuwaiti students organized in four subgroups varying in their experience of mobility. This method of approach has been proved relevant for the assessment of how social representations evolves from the startof their mobility project up to the return to their country. The field study is exploratory and qualitative conducted through semi-directive interviews. The feedback from this study reveals that the subjects in a situation of academic mobility fit into the dynamics of identity, cultural as well as linguistic adaptation. Although an evolution of socialre presentations can occur under the effect of academic mobility this appears only to effect peripheral elements while the test-subjects retain well-preserved the central elements of social representation shares with their fellow-citizens. This research is a contribution to an increased awareness of a relatively unexpected context in theliterature and contributes to a better preparation for academic mobility projects from Kuwait to France

Cette thèse de géographie porte sur la mobilité internationale des artistes. Mes travaux ont consisté à étudier les pratiques et les discours des artistes rhônalpins, plus spécifiquement dans le domaine du spectacle vivant, au regard des politiques culturelles et de leurs dispositifs. J’ai questionné ces pratiques (déplacements, construction de projets, création, diffusion) dans leur relation à l’espace et aux territoires, non par le prisme de l’ancrage mais par celui d’une mobilité internationale qui paraissait tout autant normale que valorisée aux yeux des artistes. Sur un plan théorique, ces pratiques ont été interrogées à travers la notion de nomadisme, abondamment mobilisée tant par les analystes que par les artistes eux-mêmes. La thèse consiste à déconstruire la conception de la mobilité des artistes comme une pratique nomade en proposant une analyse en termes de spatialités et de territorialités, laquelle décline plusieurs modalités de relations à la distance, au mouvement, aux institutions et à l’altérité. De 2012 à 2014, j’ai bâti et appliqué un protocole méthodologique impliquant tout d’abord la construction d’un terrain mobile afin de capter et comprendre au mieux le mouvement dans l’espace. Cette méthodologie a consisté à articuler un point de vue fixe (étude des politiques culturelles à plusieurs niveaux, des données issues du dispositif de la Région et des discours d’opérateurs culturels) et un point de vu mobile (entretien avec des artistes mobiles à l’international et observation de projets d’artistes à Montréal, Ouagadougou et Barcelone). Cette thèse dessine une géographie de la mondialisation culturelle par les voyages des artistes. Découlant des déplacements, elle reflète les affinités des artistes mais aussi les espaces de projection des territoires dont ils sont issus ainsi que des dynamiques de développement des marchés du spectacle vivant. Cette géographie relativise le poids du cadre européen et met en lumière un jeu de territorialités qui articule les ici (composés des relations institutionnelles aux différents niveaux de territoires dans lesquels les artistes s’inscrivent) et les ailleurs (composés des différentes destinations et de leur poids symbolique, humain et matériel investi puis véhiculé artistiquement). Loin d’un nomadisme généralisé et généralisant, l’étude des territorialités mobiles des artistes est révélatrice d’un rôle politique et symbolique des territoires dans la mondialisation culturelle
This dissertation deals with the international mobility of artists, especially about performing arts in relation with cultural policies. The object of my study is artistic practices (displacements, projects, creation, distribution) in connection with space and territories. This is not tackled from the angle of anchorage but from that of mobility, expressed by artists as a normal and valorised activity. These practices have been questioned through the prism of nomadism - a notion that has been massively used by mobility analysts as well as by mobility actors themselves and criticized in the context of the new mobilities paradigm. In accordance with this paradigm, the dissertation discusses this romantic reading of mobility by analysing artistic mobility in terms of spatialities and territories, in relation with distance, movement, institutions or otherness. From 2012 to 2014, I applied mobile methods by building a mobile field in order to focus on and understand spatial movement. This methodology articulates a static point of view (study of cultural policies, of data from institutions and of cultural operators’ speeches) and a mobile one (interviews with artists on the move, observations abroad). This dissertation draws a geography of cultural globalization based on artists’ travels. It shows places visited by French artists in the context of economic trends and geopolitical logics. This geography balances the weight of the European Union as a political framework for cultural policies and artistic cooperation. It also lays emphasis on the relation with territories articulating places here (a multi-level institutional relationship) and places elsewhere (a multi-located way of creating). Far from the generalising idea of nomadism, this territorial study by artistic mobility reveals a political and symbolic action of territories in cultural globalization

Este estudo trata da mobilidade dos imigrantes sírios, libaneses e descendentes pela cidade de São Paulo. Ao chegarem ao município, a partir do final do século XIX, eles se dirigiram para a rua 25 de Março e adjacências, onde, a princípio, moravam e trabalhavam. À medida que progrediam e com a entrada de mais imigrantes da etnia, iniciou-se uma dispersão para outras áreas da cidade, o que não significou uma saída da 25 de Março e entorno. Esse movimento ocorreu, principalmente, em direção aos bairros do Paraíso, Vila Mariana, Brás e Ipiranga. Para compreender esta dinâmica, fundamentou-se a análise na história de São Paulo e da imigração síria e libanesa, nos conceitos de identidade, cotidiano, memória e no estudo do constante processo de mudanças e permanências ocorridas. Além da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, realizou-se uma pesquisa participativa que incluiu o levantamento do comércio e das instituições culturais na área da 25 de Março e do Brás; das residências da família Jafet, no Ipiranga; e dos equipamentos culturais, no Paraíso e Vila Mariana. Também foram feitas dezessete entrevistas de história oral temática. A perspectiva de análise utilizada e a realização de uma ampla pesquisa de campo deram uma característica inovadora ao estudo e permitiram a compreensão dos caminhos trilhados pela etnia em São Paulo.
This study deals with the Lebanese, Syrian and descendants mobility through São Paulo city. When they arrived in the town, since the ending of XIX century, they went to rua 25 de Março and adjacencies, where, at first, they lived and worked. As they progressed and with more immigrants entrance, a dispersion to others areas of the city began, what doesnt mean an exit of 25 de Março and vicinity. This movement took place, mainly, in direction to Paraíso, Vila Mariana, Brás and Ipiranga districts. In order to understand this dynamics, the analysis was embased in São Paulo and Syrian and Lebanese immigration history, in identity, quotidian, memory concepts and in the study of the continuous changes and permanences process. Besides the bibliographical and documental survey, a participative research was done, which included an inventory of the commerce and cultural institutions in 25 de Março and Brás areas, of the Jafets family residences in Ipiranga and of the cultural establishments in Paraíso and Vila Mariana. There were also done seventeen interviews of thematic oral history. The analysis point of view and the large research that was done gave an innovating feature to this study and lead to a comprehension of the walked path by the ethnic group in São Paulo.

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Esta dissertação de mestrado da área de Antropologia tem como objeto de pesquisa a trajetória de vida e as relações sociais dos estudantes da primeira turma que ingressou no ensino médio da Escola de Ensino Médio Eraldo Giacobbe, SESI/FIERGS, situada em Pelotas. A turma trata-se de jovens de classe social baixa, moradores da periferia da cidade de Pelotas, que ingressaram em uma instituição privada, formadora de mão de obra para a indústria e para o comércio, e que, a partir disso, transformaram as suas vidas. Nessa perspectiva, analisaremos, por meio de uma observação participante junto a essas pessoas, o processo pelo qual esses estudantes passaram desde o ingresso até a conclusão do curso, entre 2014 e 2016, bem como relataremos as transformações vivenciadas em suas vidas no decorrer dessa jornada. Dessa forma, pretenderemos compreender, a partir dessa experiência, quais diferenças foram geradas em suas vidas e quais fatores corroboraram para isso
This masters dissertation from the Anthropology area has as its object of research the life trajectory and the social relations among the first high school group of students from Escola de Ensino Médio Eraldo Giacobbe, SESI/FIERGS, a High School located in the city of Pelotas. The subjects are young people who belong to lower class, live on the outskirts of the city and have entered in a private institution, which is a source of labor for industry and commerce, and since then have transformed their lives. In this perspective, we will analyze, through a participant observation with these people, the process by which the students have gone through from their entrance to their conclusion of the course, between 2014 and 2016, and the transformations experienced in their lives during that journey. Thus, we intend to understand what changes this experience has brought to their lives and what factors corroborated for them to happen

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis focuses on the long-established interrelation between spatial and social mobility in the American context, the result of the westward movement across the frontier that was seen as being attended by the promise of improving one’s social standing – the essence of the American Dream. The focal texts are F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby (1925), John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath (1939) and Thomas Wolfe’s You Can’t Go Home Again (1940), journey narratives that all present geographical relocation as necessary for social progression. In discussing the novels’ depictions of the itinerant characters’ attempts at attaining the American Dream, my study draws on Peter Brooks’s theory of narrative dynamic, a theory which contends that the plotting operation is a dynamic one that propels the narrative forward toward resolution, eliciting meanings through temporal progression. This thesis seeks to analyse the relation between mobility and narrative by applying Brooks’s theory, which is primarily consolidated by means of nineteenth-century texts, to the modernist moment. It considers these journey narratives in view of new technological developments and economic conditions, underpinned by the process of globalisation, that impact upon mobility.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis konsentreer op die onderlinge verband tussen ruimtelike en sosiale mobiliteit in die Amerikaanse konteks, synde die gevolg van die weswaartse beweging oor grense en grondgebiede heen wat oënskynlik aangevuur was deur die belofte van ’n beter sosiale stand – die kern van die Amerikaanse Droom. Die soeklig val in die besonder op F. Scott Fitzgerald se The Great Gatsby (1925), John Steinbeck se The Grapes of Wrath (1939) en Thomas Wolfe se You Can’t Go Home Again (1940), welke drie reisverhale almal geografiese hervestiging as ’n vereiste vir sosiale vooruitgang voorhou. In die bespreking van hoe dié romans die rondreisende karakters se strewe na die Amerikaanse Droom uitbeeld, put my studie uit Peter Brooks se teorie van narratiewe dinamiek, wat aanvoer dat die intrigefunksie dinamies is en die verhaal voortstu na ontknoping, terwyl dit deur middel van temporele progressie betekenis ontsluit. Hierdie tesis ontleed die verhouding tussen mobiliteit en die narratief deur Brooks se teorie, wat hy hoofsaaklik deur interpretasie van 19de-eeuse tekste gevorm het, op die modernistiese tydsgewrig toe te pas. Dit besin dus oor hierdie reisverhale teen die agtergrond van nuwe, globalisasie-gegronde tegnologiese ontwikkelings en ekonomiese omstandighede wat mobiliteit beïnvloed.

Mobile phone usage has grown rapidly and is widely used as an advertising channel. Both short message service (SMS) and multimedia messaging service (MMS) are typically used for mobile advertising. The goals of this study are to examine the determinants of attitudes toward mobile advertising in an apparel context and subsequent impact on behavior intention and to investigate the effects of modality and culture on attitudes toward apparel mobile advertising. Results indicate that entertainment, informativeness, irritation, and credibility are determinants of attitudes toward apparel mobile advertising, and attitudes can explain behavioral intention at least in part. Perceived entertainment is different between SMS and MMS apparel mobile advertising, and perceived entertainment, informativeness, irritation, and credibility are different between U.S. and Korea participants.

La mobilité est un objet de recherche complexe, en émergence, qui n’est pas dissociable d’un autre objet, tout aussi complexe : la ville. Ces deux objets appellent naturellement une approche interdisciplinaire. Nous avons voulu aborder cette problématique à partir du bus urbain en villes moyennes. L’enjeu principal de cette thèse était d’appréhender la question du bus par les deux bouts de la chaîne : du côté des usages comme du côté des images ; du côté des organisateurs des politiques de transport comme du côté des utilisateurs, que ce soit dans leur pratiques ou leur perception de ce mode de déplacement, ce qui permettait de révéler les consonances ou les dissonances de perceptions/de pratiques qui pouvaient surgir entre ce que les premiers ont imaginé et la manière dont les deuxièmes se l’approprient.La question de la mobilité se pose aussi de manière différente en fonction des cultures nationales et urbaines. Ce qui justifie une approche comparatiste entre une ville de référence (Belfort), d’une part, une ville moyenne proche (Montbéliard), en Franche-Comté, et une ville moyenne très lointaine se situant en Corée du Sud (Changwon), d’autre part. Ces trois villes partagent une identité industrielle commune et sont dotées d’un bus de ville comme unique moyen de transport en commun. La culture urbaine de la France (urbanisme horizontal) et celle de la Corée (urbanisme vertical) ont engendré des solutions de transport urbain différentes et influencé la caractérisation des comportements vis-à-vis du système et des perceptions du service de bus, d’autre part
Mobility is a subject of complex research, which is inseparable from another complex subject: the city. Both subjects naturally request an interdisciplinary approach that has been engaged in this work. We wanted to study this subject with the city bus system of medium sized cities. The main challenge of this thesis was to understand the issue of the bus by examining the interactions between its uses and its images, between the organizers of transport policies and the users (in their practices or their perceptions of bus travel), which would reveal the consonance or dissonance in perceptions / practices that can appear between what the first imagined and how the second appropriates it.The mobility issue can also be brought up in different ways according to national and urban cultures. We compare our reference city (Belfort) and its neighbor city (Montbéliard) in Franche-Comte, with a far-away medium sized city (Changwon) in South Korea. These three cities share a common industrial identity and have a city bus as their only means of public transportation. The urban culture of France (horizontal structure) and that of Korea (vertical structure) have generated different urban transport systems and influenced the behavior of its use, and also the perceptions of the bus service

This thesis is a case study of a Polish city which faces a problem of high automobile share and little popularity of cycling in its residents’ modal split. In times when the world is facing climate change and there is a need of preserving scarce resources, it is essential that urban areas adopt a sustainability approach to the way they develop. Thus, this research focuses on what attitude is held by residents and local authorities of the subject city and how it should be facilitated so that biking for transportation becomes more common. With the approach of Ajzen’s (1991) theory of planned behaviour, the citizens’ perspective is investigated by a questionnaire where the results lead to dividing the population sample into seven groups based on their attitude. Such segmentation into population groups with respect to mobility can help promote sustainable mobility behaviour and is essential in order to address the problem successfully. Local authorities’ attitude is examined by interviews and secondary data analysis. A principal finding here is that in this city bicycle is a secondary or tertiary mode of transportation, while there is a prevailing automobile priority continuously being facilitated by the authorities. The problem lies in that it is not fully understood how bicycling can bring benefits to the city and that managing transportation is an essential part of sustainable urban development. The dissertation concludes with suggestions for both the residents and the authorities so that pro-sustainability behaviour can occur. Additionally, the analysis in this paper could be used in a number of similar cities in Poland.

The Thesis explores the life situations of the three Mackay-based groups: Aboriginal, Torres Strait and South Sea Islander through oral history research and the lived experience of an Elder from each of these groups. Using a combination of oral and written approaches, the project seeks to document ongoing interactions between the three groups from the 1930s and assess their implications for culture, identity and mobility.

La présente thèse s'attache à définir la consistance du domaine public mobilier et la portée du principe d'inaliénabilité associé à cette catégorie juridique consacrée par le Code général de la propriété des personnes publiques en 2006.Elle montre que le Code général de la propriété des personnes publiques a consacré le domaine public mobilier en renforçant la prééminence des biens culturels en son sein. Les biens qui présentent « un intérêt public du point de vue de l'histoire, de l'art, de l'archéologie, de la science ou de la technique » sont protégés par un standard juridique. Néanmoins, le domaine public mobilier est réceptif à des meubles dépourvus d'intérêt culturel. Il existe en outre un domaine public mobilier praeter legem.Le domaine public est protégé par le principe d'inaliénabilité. Cependant, le principe d'inaliénabilité du domaine public mobilier est avant tout une interdiction de déclassement administratif de meubles publics qui présentent un intérêt public du point de vue de l'histoire, de l'art, de l'archéologie, de la science ou de la technique. Loin d'être sanctuarisé, il s'accommode en droit et en fait d'une importante aliénabilité des meubles domaniaux
French public entities (the State, local entities) can be owners of real property or movables. When these movables have a cultural value, they can be a matter of what the French law calls ‟domaine public mobilier”. These properties are subjected to legal rules which grant them a particular protection: they are inalienable; they are subjected to special rules regarding their preservation, their safety and their security. And these properties are subjected to particular legal rules allowing people to discover them in public museums, in public exhibitions, etc. How does the law identify these properties? Is the inalienability of these properties as “authoritarian” as the law wants it? These questions are in the heart of the present work

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PROQUALI (UFJF)
O presente estudo aborda a criança entendida como ator social que integra a infância na perspectiva de uma categoria geracional, ancorada nos estudos da Sociologia da Infância. Teve como objetivos: analisar a mobilidade e a autonomia como expressões da capacidade de agir das crianças nos espaços sociais de convivência, a partir da compreensão do seu ir e vir para além dos deslocamentos escola-casa-escola, assim como sua relação com as interações entre pares e intergeracionais; delinear as dimensões da espacialidade e da temporalidade no ir e vir de crianças em seus diferentes contextos de convivência; compreender as práticas corporais/atitudes adotadas pelas crianças nas experiências cotidianas do seu ir e vir, tendo como ponto de partida o espaço escolar; e identificar o sentimento das crianças sobre a sua capacidade para se deslocarem pela cidade, bem como os desafios percebidos pelas mesmas na realização desse agir. Trata-se de um estudo de cunho etnográfico, que abrangeu dois contextos: português, com a participação de 14 crianças; e brasileiro, com a participação de 20 crianças, nos anos de 2010 e 2011, respectivamente. As crianças possuíam idades entre dez e treze anos. Para a recolha dos dados que emergiram do campo, foram adotados os seguintes procedimentos metodológicos: observação em campo; grupo focal; questionário; diário de bordo; produção de desenho e de texto; e registro fotográfico. A análise dos dados obtidos deu-se pela triangulação metodológica, considerando o contexto de cada campo pesquisado. Os resultados revelaram que na exploração dos espaços via interações entre pares, a experiência vivenciada pelas crianças gera o sentimento de capacidade para o ir e vir. No que se refere às interações intergeracionais, negociações são estabelecidas e permissões/proibições são atribuídas conforme as condições geográficas do local a ser frequentado, além da explicitação de suas normas de funcionamento, da necessidade de proteção pelos pais/responsáveis e da peculiaridade da organização familiar que interferem no processo de mobilidade das crianças. Marca-se, pois, a relação de identidade e de pertencimento construída pelas crianças em suas vivências, atribuindo ao espaço a condição afetiva de "lugar". Sobre a temporalidade, chrónos orienta a vida das crianças em suas vivências na escola e na cidade. O tempo vivido de forma significativa, representado por aión, manifesta-se, dando sentido às experiências autorizadas, conquistadas e àquelas alcançadas mediante à transgressão. Espaço e tempo são determinantes para que a criança explore a escola e a cidade, em que o enfrentamento dos desafios e riscos é constantemente (re)negociado com os pares no compartilhamento das experiências e com os adultos no desvencilhamento da proteção, ambos para a conquista da autonomia, a fim de que a sua relatividade perca força. As práticas lúdicas expressam esses aspectos, seja na escola ou na cidade, de acordo com as suas especificidades. A cultura lúdica da infância evidencia a ideia de se viver ludicamente o cotidiano além da centralidade corporal, agrupando os desafios espaço-temporais e explicitando a criança ator. Reconhecendo a condição de ser criança colocada à infância, essa age em busca de autogerência do seu ir e vir e de suas práticas, a partir da realidade encontrada no meio social ocupado.
The present study focuses on the child as a social actor that integrates childhood from the perspective of a generational category, anchored in studies of the Sociology of Childhood. Aimed to: analyze the mobility and autonomy as expressions of children's ability to act in social living spaces, from the understanding of their come and go beyond the displacement school-home-school, as well as its relationship to the interactions between pairs and intergenerational; outline the dimensions of spatiality and temporality in the coming and going of children in their different contexts of coexistence; understand the corporal practices/attitudes adopted by children in their everyday experiences of come and go, taking as starting point the school space; and identify the feelings of children about their capacity to move around the city, as well as the challenges perceived by them in carrying out this act. It is an ethnographic study, which covered two contexts: Portuguese, with the participation of 14 children and Brazilian, with the participation of 20 children, in the years 2010 and 2011, respectively. The participants children had between ten and thirteen years. To collect the data from the field, the following methodological procedures were adopted: field observation; focus group; questionnaire; logbook; production of drawing and text; and photographic records. The data analysis used the methodological triangulation, considering the context of each researched field. The results revealed that the exploration of space through pair interactions, the lived experience by the children generates the feeling of competence to come and go. With regard to intergenerational interactions, negotiations are established and permissions/prohibitions are assigned according to the geographical conditions of the place frequented, besides the explanation of its functioning norms, the need for protection by parents/guardians and the peculiarity of family organization that interfere with the mobility process of children. Brand yourself, therefore, the relationship of identity and belonging is built by children in their experiences, attributing to the space the affective condition of "place". About temporality, chrónos guides the life of children in their experiences at school and in the city. The time lived significantly, represented by aión, manifests itself, giving meaning to authorized experience, conquered and those obtained by transgression. Space and time are crucial for the child to explore the school and the city in which meet challenges and risks is constantly (re)negotiated with pairs in sharing experiences and with adults to the loosen up of the protection, both for the achievement of autonomy, so that its relativity lose strength. The ludic practices express these aspects, whether in school or in the city, according to their specificities. The ludic culture of childhood highlights the idea of living playing beyond the corporal centrality, gathering the challenges spatiotemporal and explaining the child as agent. Recognizing the condition of being a child placed to childhood, it acts in search of selfmanagement of their come and go and their practices from the reality found in occupied social environment.

Há cerca de uma década, a inserção da bicicleta como modal de transporte regular em diversas cidades brasileiras vem colaborando para a paisagem da mobilidade urbana no país tornar-se mais sustentável. Esta pesquisa teve por objeto estudar a prática do ciclismo utilitário1 em Piracicaba - SP, de modo a identificar e dimensionar quais os fatores culturais e características ambientais e urbanísticas concorrem para o uso da bicicleta como meio de transporte, e suscitar as possíveis contribuições de sua inclusão no sistema de mobilidade urbana local, com vistas à construção de uma cidade socialmente mais justa, ambientalmente mais adequada, e apta para oferecer maior qualidade de vida aos seus habitantes. A pesquisa foi realizada em três eixos: o primeiro dedicado a conhecer a cultura de mobilidade da cidade e sua dinâmica, à exploração e análise das políticas públicas específicas destinadas ao setor, à compreensão do posicionamento de gestores públicos e técnicos sobre as orientações das intervenções urbanas realizadas ou por realizar, e à compreensão e análise das práticas ativistas pró-mobilidade sustentável da cidade, em especial, as ações dos cicloativistas, como expressões de mudanças na cultura de mobilidade local; o segundo foi estruturado com o propósito de conhecer o perfil sociocultural e econômico do ciclista utilitário de Piracicaba, suas motivações, representações, hábitos, demandas e percepções sobre a paisagem urbana; e o terceiro buscou caracterizar as condições ambientais onde ocorre a prática do ciclismo utilitário em Piracicaba. O estudo mostra que a cultura de mobilidade local foi conformada pelas políticas públicas rodoviaristas2 adotadas na cidade, que implicaram em sucessivas intervenções urbanas que desestimularam o uso de modalidades não motorizadas e coletivas de transporte; mas apesar disto, a bicicleta nunca deixou de ser utilizada por trabalhadores e estudantes, e que características ambientais, como o relevo acidentado e o clima quente da cidade não são empecilhos para a prática do ciclismo utilitário, ou mesmo para a construção de uma cidade ciclável3. 1 Ciclismo utilitário compreende qualquer ciclismo que não seja primariamente praticado para fins de exercício físico, de recreação ou de esporte (...). É o tipo de ciclismo mais comum em todo o mundo. O ciclismo utilitário ou \"transportacional\" geralmente envolve deslocamentos a curta e média distância. Inclui ida ao trabalho, à escola, à faculdade, ou entrega de bens ou serviços. (Fonte: blog Amigos do Pedal Belo Jardim. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 25 jun. 2013. 2 Neste estudo, entende-se por políticas de mobilidade rodoviaristas, intervenções urbanas que privilegiam a circulação de carros no malha viária das cidades, em detrimento de modais de transporte coletivos ou não motorizados. (Fonte: NOBRE, 2012. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 25 jun. 2013. 3 Cidade ciclável é um termo utilizado por inúmeros cicloativistas e especialistas de mobilidade urbana. Para Ricardo Corrêa, sócio da TC Urbes, empresa de consultoria em mobilidade sustentável, a cidade é ciclável quando a bicicleta deixa de ser um meio de transporte alternativo e passa a ser uma alternativa de transporte, como o carro, o transporte coletivo, o andar a pé. (FONTE: Revista VO2, n 81, junho 2012).
It has been a decade since bicycles inserted as a mode of regular transportation in various cities have been cooperating to a more sustainable urban mobility landscape in the country. This research has had as its aim the study of the practice of transportational cycling4 in Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, with the purpose of identifying and giving dimension to cultural factors and environmental and urbanistic characteristics which compete with the use of bicycling as a means of transportation as well as bringing about the possible contributions to its inclusion in the system of local urban mobility taking into account the building of a fairer and more environmental oriented city, and able to offer a higher quality of life to its inhabitants. The research was carried out within three frameworks: the first was dedicated to understand the culture of mobility in the city and its dynamics, to explore and analyze specific public policies destined to the sector, to understand the positioning of public and technical management on the guidance of urban interventions that have already been carried out or to be carried out in the future, and to the understanding and analysis of activist practices for sustainable mobility in the city, in special, the actions of cycling activists, while expressions of changes in the culture of local mobility. The second was structured with the goal of comprehending the sociocultural and economical profile of transportational cyclists in Piracicaba, their motivations, representations, habits, demands, and perceptions on urban landscape. The third was aimed at characterizing the environmental conditions where transportational cycling practice takes place in Piracicaba. The study shows that the culture of local mobility has been structured according to the road users public policies adopted by the city which have implied in successive urban interventions discouraging the use of non-motorized and collective modes of transportation. Nevertheless, bicycles have never been forgotten by workers and students. Environmental characteristics such as rugged terrain and warm weather in the city are no obstacles to the cycling practice of transportational cycling or even to the construction of bicycle-friendly city5. 4 Transportational cycling comprehends any cycling mode, which is not primary practiced for physical exercises, recreation or sports (...). It is the most common type of cycling in the world. Utility or \"transportational\" cycling generally involves short and medium routes. It includes commuting, going to school, to university and/or the delivery of goods and services. (Source: blog Amigos do Pedal Belo Jardim. Available at http://cdcamigosdopedalj.blogspot.com.br/ 2011/12/ciclismo-utilitario.html. Acesse on June 25th, 2013). 5 Cycling-friendly city is a term used by several urban mobility cycling activists and specialists. For Ricardo Corrêa, TC Urbes\' partner, consulting enterprise on sustainable mobility, the city is cyclingfriendly when the bicycle is no longer a means of transportation and becomes an alternative to transport, as cars, collective transportation, and walking. (SOURCE: VO2 Magazine, n#81, June 2012).

Onward migration is an understudied process whereby people leave their country of origin, settle in a second country for a period of time, and then migrate on to a third country. This dissertation explores the transnational trajectories of one specific group of onward migrants. These are highly educated people who moved from Iran to Sweden as refugees following the Iranian Revolution in 1979. Then, after settling in Sweden for a period of time they subsequently moved on to London, England. Melissa Kelly explores how people live their lives across places. Using life history interviews conducted with individual onward migrants, Kelly draws out and contex-tualizes the individual and shared experiences of these migrants in specific space-time contexts, and highlights the meaning of both settlement and mobility in their lives. In doing so, she explores the circumstances that underlie the onward migration phenomenon, drawing attention to different geographical levels of scale, and linking social, economic and cultural perspectives. The main argument of the dissertation is that while place continues to be of sig-nificance, a broader understanding of migrant integration processes is required. Onward migration disrupts the categories usually used to comprehend the integration of migrants in narrowly defined nation state contexts, and encourages a more nuanced understanding of how we conceptualize both migration and settlement.

Isotope analyses on human and faunal skeletal remains from different Swedish Neolithic archaeological contexts are here applied as a means to reconstruct dietary strategies and mobility patterns. The chronological emphasis is on the Middle Neolithic period, and radiocarbon dating constitutes another central focus. The results reveal a food cultural diversity throughout the period in question, where dietary differences in part correspond to, but also transcend, the traditionally defined archaeological cultures in the Swedish Early to Middle Neolithic. Further, these differences, and the apparent continued utilisation of marine resources in several regions and cultural contexts, can only in part be explained by chronology or availability of resources depending on geographic location. Thus, the sometimes suggested sharp economic shift towards an agricultural way of life at the onset of the Neolithic is refuted. Taking the potential of isotope analyses a step further, aspects of Neolithic social relations and identities are discussed, partly from a food cultural perspective embarking from the obtained results. Relations between people and places, as well as to the past, are discussed. The apparent tenacity in the dietary strategies observed is understood in terms of their rootedness in the practices and social memory of the Neolithic societies in question. Food cultural practices are further argued to have given rise to different notions of identity, some of which can be related to the different archaeological cultures, although these cultures are not to be perceived as bounded entities or the sole basis of self-conceptualisation. Some of these identities have been focused around the dietary strategies of everyday life, whereas others emanate from practices, e.g. of ritualised character, whose dietary importance has been more marginal. Isotope analyses, when combined with other archaeological indices, have the potential to elucidate both these food cultural aspects.
At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Submitted. Paper 4: Submitted. Paper 5: In press. Paper 6: Accepted.

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This work joins the learning line of research of foreign languages, focusing on English language and the role of interculturalism in the student mobility programs, highlighting the high school program (High School) offered by non-profit organization AFS Intercultural Programs (formerly American Fields Service) based in the United States of America . The main objective of the study is to understand the experience of intercultural acquired an exchange program in the host country, in which the exchange student will live with a native family, will attend a community school, study subjects related to High School; highlight that context living with a new culture for school through, club, family that will host him and new friendships that he will make. Discuss beyond intercultural concepts, the binomial language - culture, the relationship between language, culture and identity, intercultural communication and intercultural competence. The authors examine the impact that the exchange program has on lives of the participants to return to their country of origin, Brazil, in the choice of occupation, in the labor market, in relation to personal, academic and professional issues as well as on items such as maturity, tolerance, leadership, respect, independence, organization, cultural background and development of intercultural competence. The theoretical framework that supports the study focuses on key concepts for language -related work, culture, identity, intercultural communication and intercultural competence as well as student mobility. Scholars such as: Kramsch, Hall, Byram, Fleming, Valdes, Signorini, Laraia, Hertsgaard, Nye Junior, Hanna, Chauí , among others. To achieve our results we'll search to be drawn from a questionnaire administered to a group of AFS Intercultural Programs of students from different regions of Brazil that made the exchange in the United States at different times. The questionnaire will be answered by e-mail containing multiple choice questions , with the exception of the last three open questions.
O presente trabalho se filia à linha de pesquisa de aprendizado de línguas estrangeiras, com foco na língua inglesa e no papel da interculturalidade nos programas de mobilidade estudantil, destacando o programa de High School (Ensino Médio) oferecido pela Organização sem fins lucrativos AFS Intercultural Programs (antigo American Fields Service) sediada nos Estados Unidos da América. O objetivo principal do estudo é o de compreendermos a experiência da interculturalidade adquirida num programa de intercâmbio, no país receptor, em que o intercambista conviverá com uma família nativa, frequentará uma escola da comunidade, estudará disciplinas relacionadas ao Ensino Médio; destacamos naquele contexto o convívio com uma nova cultura por intermédio da escola, do clube, da família que irá hospedá-lo e das novas amizades que fará. Abrdaremos além dos conceitos de interculturalidade, o binômio língua-cultura, a relação entre língua, cultura e identidade, comunicação intercultural e competência intercultural. Pretendemos examinar o impacto que o programa de intercâmbio exerce na vida dos participantes ao regressar ao país de origem, o Brasil, na escolha da profissão, no mercado de trabalho, no que se refere a questões pessoais, acadêmicas e profissionais tanto quanto em itens como amadurecimento, tolerância, liderança, respeito, independência, organização, bagagem cultural e desenvolvimento da competência intercultural. O referencial teórico que dá suporte ao estudo concentra-se em conceitos essenciais para o trabalho relacionados à língua, cultura, identidade, comunicação intercultural e competência intercultural além de mobilidade estudantil. Estudiosos como: Kramsch, Hall, Byram, Fleming, Valdes, Signorini, Laraia, Hertsgaard, Nye Júnior, Hanna, Chauí, entre outros. Para atingirmos nossos resultados faremos uma pesquisa que será elaborada a partir de um questionário aplicado a um grupo de estudantes do AFS Intercultural Programs de diversas regiões do Brasil que realizou o intercâmbio nos Estados Unidos em diferentes épocas. O questionário será respondido por meio de e-mails contendo questões de múltipla escolha, com exceção das três últimas questões abertas.

Children are being used as marketers and consumers for the purpose of financial gain. Although much research exists about children's stance as consumers, very little is known about their role as marketers. Such lack of information indicates that children's authentic voices about their experiences are seldom articulated, heard, listened to, and acted on. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological heuristic study was to explore the lived experiences of former child participants in commercial activities in order to understand their perceptions as well as, the meaning, and impact of the experiences on their childhood development. The theoretical framework used included the theories of Bandura's social learning, Bronfenbrenner's ecological system, Vygotsky's social constructivism, Knowles' andragogy, and Meziro's transformative learning. The primary questions focused on participants' perceptions, beliefs, and attitudes, as well as the meaning, and impact such lived experiences had on their childhood development. The final sample consisted of 13 adults above age 18 who participated in commercial activities during their childhood and were selected through the snowballing technique. Data were collected, analyzed, and manually coded from multiple individual and focus group interviews. The thematic results and findings are necessary labor, cultural practice, belief system, power of tangible and intangible rewards, independent mobility factor, social dangers of risk factor, participants' affective response, and experiential learning. Implications for social change include the establishment of partnerships among schools, children, parents, and commercial industries to strengthen advocacy for, and effect improved conditions and treatment of child participants in commercial activities.

Tese de doutoramento em Estudos da Criança (ramo do conhecimento em Sociologia da Infância)
O presente estudo aborda a criança entendida como ator social que integra a infância na perspectiva de uma categoria geracional, ancorada nos estudos da Sociologia da Infância. Teve como objetivos: analisar a mobilidade e a autonomia como expressões da capacidade de agir das crianças nos espaços sociais de convivência, a partir da compreensão do seu ir e vir para além dos deslocamentos escola-casa-escola, assim como sua relação com as interações entre pares e intergeracionais; delinear as dimensões da espacialidade e da temporalidade no ir e vir de crianças em seus diferentes contextos de convivência; compreender as práticas corporais/atitudes adotadas pelas crianças nas experiências cotidianas do seu ir e vir, tendo como ponto de partida o espaço escolar; e identificar o sentimento das crianças sobre a sua capacidade para se deslocarem pela cidade, bem como os desafios percebidos pelas mesmas na realização desse agir. Trata-se de um estudo de cunho etnográfico, que abrangeu dois contextos: português, com a participação de 14 crianças; e brasileiro, com a participação de 20 crianças, nos anos de 2010 e 2011, respectivamente. As crianças possuíam idades entre dez e treze anos. Para a recolha dos dados que emergiram do campo, foram adotados os seguintes procedimentos metodológicos: observação em campo; grupo focal; questionário; diário de bordo; produção de desenho e de texto; e registro fotográfico. A análise dos dados obtidos deu-se pela triangulação metodológica, considerando o contexto de cada campo pesquisado. Os resultados revelaram que na exploração dos espaços via interações entre pares, a experiência vivenciada pelas crianças gera o sentimento de capacidade para o ir e vir. No que se refere às interações intergeracionais, negociações são estabelecidas e permissões/proibições são atribuídas conforme as condições geográficas do local a ser frequentado, além da explicitação de suas normas de funcionamento, da necessidade de proteção pelos pais/responsáveis e da peculiaridade da organização familiar que interferem no processo de mobilidade das crianças. Marca-se, pois, a relação de identidade e de pertencimento construída pelas crianças em suas vivências, atribuindo ao espaço a condição afetiva de “lugar”. Sobre a temporalidade, chrónos orienta a vida das crianças em suas vivências na escola e na cidade. O tempo vivido de forma significativa, representado por aión, manifesta-se, dando sentido às experiências autorizadas, conquistadas e àquelas alcançadas mediante à transgressão. Espaço e tempo são determinantes para que a criança explore a escola e a cidade, em que o enfrentamento dos desafios e riscos é constantemente (re)negociado com os pares no compartilhamento das experiências e com os adultos no desvencilhamento da proteção, ambos para a conquista da autonomia, a fim de que a sua relatividade perca força. As práticas lúdicas expressam esses aspectos, seja na escola ou na cidade, de acordo com as suas especificidades. A cultura lúdica da infância evidencia a ideia de se viver ludicamente o cotidiano além da centralidade corporal, agrupando os desafios espaço-temporais e explicitando a criança ator. Reconhecendo a condição de “ser criança” colocada à infância, essa age em busca de autogerência do seu ir e vir e de suas práticas, a partir da realidade encontrada no meio social ocupado.
The present study focuses on the child as a social actor that integrates childhood from the perspective of a generational category, anchored in studies of the Sociology of Childhood. Aimed to: analyze the mobility and autonomy as expressions of children's ability to act in social living spaces, from the understanding of their come and go beyond the displacement school-home-school, as well as its relationship to the interactions between pairs and intergenerational; outline the dimensions of spatiality and temporality in the coming and going of children in their different contexts of coexistence; understand the corporal practices/attitudes adopted by children in their everyday experiences of come and go, taking as starting point the school space; and identify the feelings of children about their competence to move around the city, as well as the challenges perceived by them in carrying out this act. It is an ethnographic study, which covered two contexts: Portuguese, with the participation of 14 children and Brazilian, with the participation of 20 children, in the years 2010 and 2011, respectively. The participants children had between ten and thirteen years. To collect the data from the field, the following methodological procedures were adopted: field observation; focus group; questionnaire; logbook; production of drawing and text; and photographic records. The data analysis used the methodological triangulation, considering the context of each researched field. The results revealed that the exploration of space through pair interactions, the lived experience by the children generates the feeling of competence to come and go. With regard to intergenerational interactions, negotiations are established and permissions/prohibitions are assigned according to the geographical conditions of the place frequented, besides the explanation of its functioning norms, the need for protection by parents/guardians and the peculiarity of family organization that interfere with the mobility process of children. Brand yourself, therefore, the relationship of identity and belonging is built by children in their experiences, attributing to the space the affective condition of "place". About temporality, chrónos guides the life of children in their experiences at school and in the city. The time lived significantly, represented by aión, manifests itself, giving meaning to authorized experience, conquered and those obtained by transgression. Space and time are crucial for the child to explore the school and the city in which meet challenges and risks is constantly (re)negotiated with pairs in sharing experiences and with adults to the loosen up of the protection, both for the achievement of autonomy, so that its relativity lose strength. The ludic practices express these aspects, whether in school or in the city, according to their specificities. The ludic culture of childhood highlights the idea of living playing beyond the corporal centrality, gathering the challenges spatiotemporal and explaining the child as agent. Recognizing the condition of "being a child" placed to childhood, it acts in search of self-management of their come and go and their practices from the reality found in occupied social environment.
El presente estudio aborda el niño entendido como actor social que integra la infancia en la perspectiva de una categoría generacional, anclado en los estudios de la Sociologia de la Infancia. Tuvo como objetivos: analizar la movilidad y la autonomía como expresiones de la capacidad de actuar de los niños en los espacios sociales de convivencia, a partir de la comprensión de su ir y venir para más allá de los desplazamientos escuela-casa-escuela, así como su relación con las interacciones entre pares y intergeneracional; delinear las dimensiones de la espacialidad y de la temporalidad en el ir y venir de niños en sus diferentes contextos de convivencia; entender las prácticas cuerpo/actitudes adoptadas por los niños en las experiencias cotidianas de su ir y venir, tomando como punto de partida el espacio de la escuela; e identificar el sentimiento de los niños sobre su competencia para moverse por la ciudad, bien como los desafíos percibidos por las mismas en la realización de ese actuar. Se trata de un estudio de pie de imprenta etnográfico, que cubre dos contextos: portugués, con la participación de 14 niños; y brasileños, con la participación de 20 niños, en los años de 2010 y 2011, respectivamente. Las niños tenían edades entre diez y trece años. Para el recogimiento de los datos que emergian del campo, fueron adoptados los siguientes procedimientos metodológicos: observaciones en campo; grupo de enfoque; cuestionario; diario a bordo; producción de diseño y de texto; y registro fotográfico. El análisis de los datos obtenidos se debió a la triangulación metodológica , considerando el contexto de cada campo pesquisado. Los resultados revelaron que en la exploración de los espacios via interacciones entre pares, la experiencia vivenciada por los niños genera el sentimiento de competencia para el ir y venir. En lo que se refiere a las interacciones intergeneracionales, negociaciones son establecidas y permisiones/prohibiciones son atribuídas conforme las condiciones geográficas del local a ser frecuentado, más allá de la explicitación de sus normas de funcionamiento, de la necesidad de protección por los padres/responsables y de la peculiaridad de la organización familiar que interfieren en el proceso de movilidad de los niños. Se marca, pues, la relación de identidad y de pertenencia construída por los niños en sus experiencias, atribuyendo al Espacio la condición afectiva de “lugar”. Sobre la temporalidad, chrónos orienta la vida de los niños en sus experiencias en la escuela y en la ciudad. El tiempo vivido de forma significativa, representado por aión, se manifiesta, dando sentido a las experiencias autorizadas, conquistadas y àquellas alcanzadas mediante de la transgresión. Espacio y tiempo son determinantes para que el niño explore la escuela y la ciudad, en que el enfrentamiento de los desafios y riesgos es constantemente (re)negociado con los pares en comparticipación de las experiencias y con los adultos en el desprendendimiento de la protección, ambos para la conquista de la autonomia, a fin de que su relatividad pierda fuerza. Las prácticas lúdicas expresan esos aspectos, sea en la escuela o en la ciudad, de acuerdo con sus especificidades. La cultura lúdica de la infancia evidencia la ideia de vivirse ludicamente el cotidiano más allá de la centralidad corporal, agrupando los desafios Espacio-temporales y explícitando al niño actor. Reconociendo la condición de “ser niño” colocada a la infancia, esa actua en busca de autogestión de su ir y venir y de sus prácticas, a partir de la realidad encontrada en el medio social ocupado.
Cet étude aborde l’enfant vu comme un acteur social qui intègre l'enfance dans la perspective d'une catégorie générationnelle, ancrée dans les études de la Sociologie de l'Enfance. Les objectifs sont les suivants: examiner la mobilité et l'autonomie comme des expressions concernant la capacité des enfants d’agir dans les espaces sociaux de convivialité, à partir de la compréhension de leurs mouvements d’aller et venir au-delà des déplacements entre lécole - la maison - l’école aussi bien que leur relation avec les interactions intergénérationnelles et entre pairs; établir les dimensions de la spatialité et la temporalité dans les mouvements d’aller et venir des enfants dans leurs différents contextes de convivialité; comprendre les pratiques corporelles / les attitudes des enfants pendant leurs expériences quotidiennes d’aller et venir, en ayant l’espace de l’école comme un point de départ; et identifier le sentiment des enfants sur leur compétence par rapport au déplacement dans la ville et aussi les défis qu’ils vont apercevoir au cours de ces actions. Il s'agit d'une étude ethnographique sur deux contextes: le contexte portugais, avec la participation de 14 enfants; et le contexte brésilien, avec la participation de 20 enfants, dans les années 2010 et 2011, respectivement. Les enfants avaient entre dix et treize ans. Pour le recueil de données qui se sont dégagés du champ, les procédures méthodologiques suivantes ont été choisi: observation du domaine, groupe de discussion, questionnaire, carnet de bord, formulation de dessins et de textes; et l’enregistrement photographique. L'analyse des données a eu lieu à travers la triangulation méthodologique en tenant compte du contexte de chaque domaine étudié. Les résultats ont montré que dans l'exploration de l'espace à travers les interactions entre pairs l'expérience vécue par les enfants produit le sentiment de compétence par rapport aux mouvements d'aller et venir. En ce qui concerne les interactions intergénérationnelles, des négociations sont établies et quelques permissions/interdictions sont attribués selon la situation géographique du lieu où l'enfant va de même que éclaircir sur les règles de functionnement, le besoin de la protection des parents ou des tuteurs et la particularité de l'organisation de la famille, des aspects qui interfèrent dans le processus de mobilité des enfants. Alors on souligne les relations d'identité et d'appartenance construites par les enfants pendant leurs expériences, en donnant au espace l'état affectif de «lieu». Sur la temporalité, chrónos guide la vie des enfants dans leurs vécues à l'école et dans la ville. Le temps vécu de manière significative, représenté par aión, se montre et donne du sens aux expériences autorisées, acquises et celles obtenues d’après la transgression. L'espace et le temps sont des éléments cruciaux pour que l'enfant puisse explorer l'école et la ville, un moment où l’action de faire face aux défis et aux risques est toujours (re)négociée avec les pairs dans le partage des expériences mais aussi avec les adultes dans l’action de se dégager de la protection, les deux visant obtenir l’autonomie de sorte que sa relativité soit plus faible. Les pratiques ludiques expriment ces aspects, soit à l'école, soit à la ville, selon leurs spécificités. La culture ludique de l'enfance met en évidence l'idée de vivre de façon ludique la vie quotidienne au-delà de la centralité corporelle, regroupant les défis spatio-temporels et expliquant l'enfant acteur. À partir de la reconnaissance de la condition d'«être un enfant " présente dans l’enfance, celui-ci va agir à la recherche de l’autogestion d’aller et venir et de ses pratiques à partir de la réalité trouvée dans son milieu sociale.

During the nineteenth century an unprecedented number of emigrants left Britain, primarily for America, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. Recent historical scholarship has argued that these predominantly Victorian mass migrations belong to an even larger history of “Anglo” migration, characterized by its global reach and ideological investment in settlement. Situating my approach in relation to this wider framework, this thesis argues that Victorian periodicals played a key and overlooked role in both imagining and mediating the dramatic phenomenon of mass British settler emigration. As I argue in chapter 1, this is both owing to close historical and material links between settler emigration and the periodical press, and to the periodical’s deeper running capacities to register and moderate forms of modern motion. While most novels do little to engage with emigration, turning to periodicals brings to light a large range of distinct settler emigration texts and genres which typically work with cohesive spatio-temporal models to offset the destabilizing potentiality of emigrant mobility. Moreover, many now canonical texts originally published in periodicals can be situated alongside them; presenting opportunities to produce fresh readings of works by Charles Dickens, Anthony Trollope and others which I incorporate throughout. My first three chapters focus on settler emigration genres which circulated across a range of mainstream, predominantly middle-class periodicals: texts about emigrant voyages, emigration-themed Christmas stories, and serialized novels about colonial settlement. I argue that these texts are cohesive and reassuring, and thus of a different character to the adventure stories often associated with Victorian empire. The second part of my thesis aims to capitalize on the diversity and range which is a key feature of Victorian periodicals by turning to settler emigration texts that embody a feminized or radical perspective, and which often draw upon mainstream representations in order to challenge their dominant formations.

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In the identity and cultural history of the formation of Brazilian population the several kinds of ethnic group, in special the quilombolas, always had participation in the social construction of Brazil. On the other hand, the same ones always were put in a secondary plan up against current policies. In relation to the object of study where it was developed this research, it is all right that the members of the Rural Black community Água Limpa builds an alternative territory linked to an identity territory around cultural nuances left their ancestries. The Água Limpa territory and the identity of the group is the result of responsibility of men and women that make possible the individual and collective statement composed by those ones. It is necessary also to say that space motion that has caused by the exit of several residents that migrate toward cities last years, hasn t been a determinate factor to characterize a motion away their traditions and cultural identity built in the community. It was noticed along of this research that habits of these people despite to be in cities, they didn t lose the link with their birth place. It means they keep a cultural identity that even with the several uses and functions that the cities present their way of human and cultural relationship get to have a continuation. This research has the objective to contribute for the current debate about the Cultural Geography mainly of quilombolas communities specially the Água Limpa one, discussing its cultural and territory identity, checking the new needs to think again the meaning of quilombola territory and its possibilities of development for the well-being of its residents. The ethnic differences as richness of human race present characteristics that are reproduced by the own group, that is, depict true identity and cultural devices.
Na história da formação identitária e cultural da população brasileira os diversos tipos de grupos étnicos, em especial os quilombolas, sempre tiveram participação na construção social do Brasil. Por outro lado, os mesmos sempre foram relegados a um plano secundário face às políticas vigentes. Em relação ao objeto de estudo onde foi desenvolvido a pesquisa, pode-se dizer que os(as) integrantes da comunidade negra rural Água Limpa constrói um território alternativo ligado a uma identidade territorial articulada em torno das matrizes culturais deixadas pelos seus ancestrais. O território agualimpense e a identidade do grupo é o resultado de compromissos de homens e mulheres que possibilita a afirmação individual e coletiva daqueles(as) que a compõem. Faz-se necessário dizer que a mobilidade espacial que têm provocado a saída de vários(as) moradores(as) que migram em direção às cidades nos últimos anos, não têm sido fator determinante para caracterizar um desapego às suas tradições e identidade cultural construídos na comunidade. Foi observado no decorrer da pesquisa que os hábitos desses indivíduos apesar de urbanos, não perdeu o vínculo com seu lugar de origem. Isso quer dizer que se mantêm uma identidade cultural que mesmo com as diversidades de usos e funções que as cidades apresentam seu modo de relacionamento humano e cultual consegue ter uma continuidade. Esta pesquisa objetiva-se contribuir para o atual debate a cerca da Geografia Cultural e principalmente das comunidades quilombolas, em especial Água Limpa, discutindo sua identidade cultural e territorial, verificando as novas necessidades de repensar o conceito de território quilombola e suas possibilidades de desenvolvimento para o bem estar de seus habitantes. As diferenças étnicas como riqueza da raça humana apresenta características que são reproduzidas pelo próprio grupo, ou seja, representam verdadeiros dispositivos identitários e culturais.

This thesis analyses the content, tone, form and authorship of the national newspaper gossip column 1918-1939, as a new means through which the qualities of the popular press in this period can be more closely defined. Often dismissed as an example of the sensational, Americanization of early twentieth-century popular culture, the celebrity gossip column has been loosely grouped with the friendly, informal language and bolder formatting of the ‘New Journalism’ of the late nineteenth century and the development of the dramatic ‘human-interest’ stories of ‘everyday life’ in the interwar period (LeMahieu, 1988; Wiener, 1988). Through a comparative study of six newspapers including the Daily Express, Daily Mail and News of the World, I analyse the changing representation of the celebrity subject, and, originally, the shifting character and persona of the gossip columnist. Whereas some historians have analysed the content of newspapers without considering the questions of the newspaper’s production, I analyse newspaper employment records, gossip columnists’ memoirs and their unpublished letters and diaries to define the specific economic, social and cultural circumstances which, I argue, influenced their public portrayal. Also, in examining the unpublished correspondence between editors, proprietors and columnists and the burgeoning print culture of journalistic training manuals and professional memoirs, I provide a history of the press’s professionalization in this period. The national popular press has often been used as a historical source to define national character and national identity in the interwar period (Bland, 2008; Kohn, 1992). By scrutinizing the content and production of the gossip column and particularly the class, behaviour, interactions and subject matter of the columnist, I argue that the gossip column presented a version of ‘Britishness’ that was not so inward-looking and domesticated as so many accounts of interwar Britain suggest.

À une époque marquée par les interventions et les conquêtes romaines dans la Grèce égéenne, ainsi que par la décision du Sénat romain, en 167, de placer Délos sous le contrôle d’Athènes et d’en faire un port exempté de taxes douanières, les individus originaires de la péninsule italienne furent de plus en plus nombreux à s’installer ou à séjourner temporairement sur cette île qui, devenue fortement cosmopolite, joua un rôle de relais économique entre l’Italie et la Méditerranée orientale.À partir d’une documentation abondante et variée de nature essentiellement épigraphique et archéologique sont successivement abordés trois thèmes : les lieux de résidence et les modes de vie domestique des Italiens et de leur entourage familial et clientélaire, leur participation aux activités du gymnase et aux concours organisés sur l’île, et leurs pratiques religieuses. Les causes, la nature, la portée et les enjeux (parfois sociaux, économiques et/ou politiques) de chaque pratique font l’objet d’interprétations qui permettent de mieux comprendre, dans toute sa complexité, l’importante hellénisation de ces Italiens qui se sont quelquefois distingués par des usages romains.L’étude s’achève par une mise en perspective du cas délien afin de déterminer ce qui en fait à la fois un exemple représentatif des pratiques culturelles des Italiens dans la Grèce égéenne et un cas particulier. C’est l’intensité de phénomènes d’intégration multiples auxquels prenaient pleinement part les Italiens, dans le contexte de rapports de pouvoir favorables à Rome et à tous ceux qui se réclamaient de cette cité, qui paraît avoir constitué une singularité de la vie culturelle délienne
The 2nd and 1st centuries BC were marked by Roman interventions and conquests in the Aegean Greece, and by the decision of the Roman Senate, in 167, to place Delos under the control of Athens and to make it a port exempt from customs tax. As a result, individuals who came from the Italian peninsula were more and more numerous to settle or reside temporarily on the island which became highly cosmopolitan and played a part as an economic bridge between Italy and the eastern Mediterranean.Based on a wide range of varied documents which are mainly epigraphic and archaeological, the study deals with three themes : the places of residence and the domestic daily life of Italians, their family circle and their clients, their participation in the gymnasium activities and in competitions organized on the island, and their religious practices. This dissertation tries to interpret the causes, the nature and the significance of each of these practices. It also analyses their social, economic and/or political dimensions in order to better understand the complexity of the advanced hellenization of those Italians who sometimes distinguished themselves by using Roman customs.The study concludes with a larger perspective in order to determine what makes Delos both a representative example of the Italians’ cultural practices in the Aegean Greece, and a special case. Ultimately, the distinctive feature of cultural life in Delos seems to have been the wide range of integration patterns in which Italians fully took part. This phenomenon took place in the context of a balance of power that was favourable to Rome and to all those who identified with this city