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Hrabec, Jakub. "Modelování a řízení mobilních robotů s několika řízenými koly." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233456.
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Dizertační práce se zabývá problematikou kinematického modelování a řízení mobliních kolových robotů. Přináší sumarizaci problematiky kinematického modelování mobilních robotů obecně a popis vlastností kolových mobilních robotů s několika řízenými koly. Použitý aparát z matematiky, fyziky je vysvětlován s důrazem na pohled teorie řízení. Dále je prezentován nový řídicí algoritmus pro mobilní kolové roboty s více řízenými koly, vhodný pro úlohu stabilizace v bodě i sledování trajektorie, tedy obě nejčastěji řešené úlohy pohybu mobilních robotů.
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Jež, Ondřej. "Navigation of Mobile Robots in Unknown Environments Using Range Measurements." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233443.
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The ability of a robot to navigate itself in the environment is a crucial step towards its autonomy. Navigation as a subtask of the development of autonomous robots is the subject of this thesis, focusing on the development of a method for simultaneous localization an mapping (SLAM) of mobile robots in six degrees of freedom (DOF). As a part of this research, a platform for 3D range data acquisition based on a continuously inclined laser rangefinder was developed. This platform is presented, evaluating the measurements and also presenting the robotic equipment on which the platform can be fitted. The localization and mapping task is equal to the registration of multiple 3D images into a common frame of reference. For this purpose, a method based on the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm was developed. First, the originally implemented SLAM method is presented, focusing on the time-wise performance and the registration quality issues introduced by the implemented algorithms. In order to accelerate and improve the quality of the time-demanding 6DOF image registration, an extended method was developed. The major extension is the introduction of a factorized registration, extracting 2D representations of vertical objects called leveled maps from the 3D point sets, ensuring these representations are 3DOF invariant. The extracted representations are registered in 3DOF using ICP algorithm, allowing pre-alignment of the 3D data for the subsequent robust 6DOF ICP based registration. The extended method is presented, showing all important modifications to the original method. The developed registration method was evaluated using real 3D data acquired in different indoor environments, examining the benefits of the factorization and other extensions as well as the performance of the original ICP based method. The factorization gives promising results compared to a single phase 6DOF registration in vertically structured environments. Also, the disadvantages of the method are discussed, proposing possible solutions. Finally, the future prospects of the research are presented.
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Iagnemma, Karl Dubowsky S. "Mobile robots in rough terrain : estimation, motion planning, and control with application to planetary rovers /." Berlin ; New York : Springer, 2004. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0606/2004106986.html.
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Sorour, Mohamed. "Motion discontinuity-robust controller for steerable wheeled mobile robots." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTS090/document.
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Les robots mobiles à roues orientables gagnent de la mobilité en employant des roues conventionnelles entièrement orientables, comportant deux joints actifs, un pour la direction et un autre pour la conduite. En dépit d'avoir seulement un degré de mobilité (DOM) (défini ici comme degrés de liberté instantanément autorisés DOF), correspondant à la rotation autour du centre de rotation instantané (ICR), ces robots peuvent effectuer des trajectoires planaires complexes de $ 2D $. Ils sont moins chers et ont une capacité de charge plus élevée que les roues non conventionnelles (par exemple, Sweedish ou Omni-directional) et, en tant que telles, préférées aux applications industrielles. Cependant, ce type de structure de robot mobile présente des problèmes de contrôle textit {basic} difficiles de la coordination de la direction pour éviter les combats d'actionneur, en évitant les singularités cinématiques (ICR à l'axe de la direction) et les singularités de représentation (du modèle mathématique). En plus de résoudre les problèmes de contrôle textit {basic}, cette thèse attire également l'attention et présente des solutions aux problèmes de textit {niveau d'application}. Plus précisément, nous traitons deux problèmes: la première est la nécessité de reconfigurer "de manière discontinue" les articulations de direction, une fois que la discontinuité dans la trajectoire du robot se produit. Une telle situation - la discontinuité dans le mouvement du robot - est plus susceptible de se produire de nos jours, dans le domaine émergent de la collaboration homme-robot. Les robots mobiles qui fonctionnent à proximité des travailleurs humains en mouvement rapide rencontrent généralement une discontinuité dans la trajectoire calculée en ligne. Le second apparaît dans les applications nécessitant que l'angle de l'angle soit maintenu, certains objets ou fonctionnalités restent dans le champ de vision (p. Ex., Pour les tâches basées sur la vision) ou les changements de traduction. Ensuite, le point ICR est nécessaire pour déplacer de longues distances d'un extrême de l'espace de travail à l'autre, généralement en passant par le centre géométrique du robot, où la vitesse du robot est limitée. Dans ces scénarios d'application, les contrôleurs basés sur l'ICR à l'état de l'art conduiront à des comportements / résultats insatisfaisants. Dans cette thèse, nous résolvons les problèmes de niveau d'application susmentionnés; à savoir la discontinuité dans les commandes de vitesse du robot et une planification meilleure / efficace pour le contrôle du mouvement du point ICR tout en respectant les limites maximales de performance des articulations de direction et en évitant les singularités cinématiques et représentatives. Nos résultats ont été validés expérimentalement sur une base mobile industrielleSteerable wheeled mobile robots gain mobility by employing fully steerable conventional wheels, having two active joints, one for steering, and another for driving. Despite having only one degree of mobility (DOM) (defined here as the instantaneously accessible degrees of freedom DOF), corresponding to the rotation about the instantaneous center of rotation (ICR), such robots can perform complex $2D$ planar trajectories. They are cheaper and have higher load carrying capacity than non-conventional wheels (e.g., Sweedish or Omni-directional), and as such preferred for industrial applications. However, this type of mobile robot structure presents challenging textit{basic} control issues of steering coordination to avoid actuator fighting, avoiding kinematic (ICR at the steering joint axis) and representation (from the mathematical model) singularities. In addition to solving the textit{basic} control problems, this thesis also focuses attention and presents solutions to textit{application level} problems. Specifically we deal with two problems: the first is the necessity to "discontinuously" reconfigure the steer joints, once discontinuity in the robot trajectory occurs. Such situation - discontinuity in robot motion - is more likely to happen nowadays, in the emerging field of human-robot collaboration. Mobile robots working in the vicinity of fast moving human workers, will usually encounter discontinuity in the online computed trajectory. The second appears in applications requiring that some heading angle is to be maintained, some object or feature stays in the field of view (e.g., for vision-based tasks), or the translation verse changes. Then, the ICR point is required to move long distances from one extreme of the workspace to the other, usually passing by the robot geometric center, where the feasible robot velocity is limited. In these application scenarios, the state-of-art ICR based controllers will lead to unsatisfactory behavior/results. In this thesis, we solve the aforementioned application level problems; namely discontinuity in robot velocity commands, and better/efficient planning for ICR point motion control while respecting the maximum steer joint performance limits, and avoiding kinematic and representational singularities. Our findings has been validated experimentally on an industrial mobile base
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Luh, Cheng-Jye 1960. "Hierarchical modelling of mobile, seeing robots." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276998.
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This thesis describes the implementation of a hierarchical robot simulation environment which supports the design of robots with vision and mobility. A seeing robot model applies a classification expert system for visual identification of laboratory objects. The visual data acquisition algorithm used by the robot vision system has been developed to exploit multiple viewing distances and perspectives. Several different simulations have been run testing the visual logic in a laboratory environment. Much work remains to integrate the vision system with the rest of the robot system.
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Switzer, Barbara T. "Robotic path planning with obstacle avoidance /." Online version of thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11712.
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Baba, Akihiko. "Robot navigation using ultrasonic feedback." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=677.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 1999.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 122 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-59).
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Beinhofer, Maximilian [Verfasser], and Wolfram [Akademischer Betreuer] Burgard. "Landmark placement for mobile robot navigation = Landmarkenplatzierung zur Optimierung der Navigation mobiler Roboter." Freiburg : Universität, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1114829420/34.
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Pazdera, Miroslav. "Hierarchické řízení vícesměrového robota." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228696.
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The main focus of this diploma thesis is to design controlling system for robotic chassis moving on horizontal bolt nut of globular elements. This thesis includes analysis of movements of the chassis and definition of instructions for controlling level. Instructions for controlling level are compiled in constructed simulation programme. This thesis also contains design of electronic components and requirements for electronics of controlling subsystems.
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Yang, Hai. "Etude d’un système de fabrication agile mobile pour composants de grande taille." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20042/document.
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Les robots industriels, bien connus pour être des systèmes de fabrication flexibles et agiles, atteignent leurs limites lorsqu'il s'agit d'effectuer des tâches sur des pièces de grande taille (par exemple: les pièces longues et minces de l'industrie aéronautique). Pour ce type des tâches, les solutions existantes sont à leurs limites: les bras manipulateurs à base fixe souffrent d'un espace de travail trop limité; les bras manipulateurs montés sur véhicule ne sont pas assez précis; les machines-outils conventionnelles doivent être conçus à méga-échelle (plusieurs dizaines de mètres). Dans la cadre de cette thèse de doctorat, nous avons proposé des solutions robotiques innovantes qui combinent la capacité de marcher (ou de grimper) sur la pièce (ou sur le montage d'usinage) avec la capacité d'usiner. De l'analyse de la topologie et de la mobilité à la modélisation géométrique et cinématique, ainsi que la proposition d'algorithmes de contrôle innovants, des robots ont été proposés et étudiés pour la réalisation des tâches d'usinage ainsi que des tâches de locomotion. Un prototype a été construit qui témoigne de la pertinence de ce concept innovant. Il repose sur une architecture parallèle à actionnement redondant (8 moteurs pour 6 degrés de liberté) et combine moteurs, freins, dispositifs de bridage et de nombreux capteurs de position. Le prototype peut se fixer sur le montage d'usinage, réaliser ses tâches de fabrication, puis modifier sa configuration pour devenir un robot marcheur capable d'atteindre la zone de travail suivanteIndustrial robots, well known as flexible and agile manufacturing systems, reach their limits when dealing with very large workpieces (e.g.: very long and slender parts found in aeronautics industry). For such tasks, existing solutions are at their limits: stationary manipulator arms suffer from a too limited workspace; manipulators mounted on a vehicle are not accurate enough; classical machine-tools must be designed at mega-scale (several tens of meters). This thesis work aims at offering an innovative robotic solution that combines the ability to walk (or climb) on the workpiece (or on the tooling that supports the workpieces) together with manufacturing ability. From the topology and mobility analysis to the geometrics and kinematics modeling, as well as innovative control algorithms proposition, the proposed mobile manufacturing robots have been studied for achieving both machining and locomotion tasks. A prototype has been built to show the concept effectiveness . It is based on a parallel mechanism with actuation redundancy (8 motors for 6 degrees-of-freedom), combining motors, brakes, clamping devices and numerous position sensors. The robot can clamp itself on the manufacturing tooling, and then change its configuration to become a walking robot able to reach the next working area
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Chen, Haoyao. "Towards multi-robot formations : study on vision-based localization system /." access full-text access abstract and table of contents, 2009. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/thesis.pl?phd-meem-b3008295xf.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2009."Submitted to Department of Manufacturing Engineering and Engineering Management in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 87-100)
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Wooden, David T. "Graph-based Path Planning for Mobile Robots." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006, 2006. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-11092006-180958/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007.Magnus Egerstedt, Committee Chair ; Patricio Vela, Committee Member ; Ayanna Howard, Committee Member ; Tucker Balch, Committee Member ; Wayne Book, Committee Member.
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Sequeira, Gerard. "Vision based leader-follower formation control for mobile robots." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : University of Missouri-Rolla, 2007. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/pdf/Sequeira_09007dcc804429d4.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri--Rolla, 2007.Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed February 13, 2008) Includes bibliographical references (p. 39-41).
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Smith, Brian Stephen. "Automatic coordination and deployment of multi-robot systems." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28248.
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Thesis (M. S.)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.Committee Chair: Dr. Magnus Egerstedt; Committee Co-Chair: Dr. Ayanna Howard; Committee Member: Dr. David Taylor; Committee Member: Dr. Frank Dellaert; Committee Member: Dr. Ian Akyildiz; Committee Member: Dr. Jeff Shamma.
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Kwok, Chung Tin. "Robust real-time perception for mobile robots /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7017.
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Kašparová, Nela. "Uživatelské rozhraní pro komunikaci s domácím mobilním robotem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-363814.
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In this master thesis are presented design and testing processes of communication between elderly and single-purpose robot. At the beginning design and architecture of the system for testing are described. Communication understandability was checked in interviews with nineteen people. Other opinions on usability or affordability of automatic device, which is used for picking and lifting objects from the ground, are presented in this thesis. Results from questionnaires and measurements showed that working with the robot is pleasant and understandable. Even senior is able to learn effective communication with this device. The main finding is that even robot communicates through nonverbal sounds, is easy to understand it. Choosing of sound set has no influence on communication understandability.
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Gonullu, Muhammet Kasim. "Development Of A Mobile Robot Platform To Be Used In Mobile Robot Research." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615654/index.pdf.
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Robotics is an interdisciplinary subject and combines mechanical, computer and electrical engineering components together to solve different kinds of problems. In order to build robotic systems, these disciplines should be integrated. Therefore, mobile robots can be used as a tool in education for teaching engineering concepts. They can be employed to be used in undergraduate, graduate and doctorate research. Hands on experience on a mobile robot increase motivation of the students on the topic and give them precious practical knowledge. It also delivers students new skills like teamwork, problem solving, creativity, by executing robotic exercises. To be able to fulfill these outcomes, universities and research centers need mobile robot platforms that are modular, easy to build, cheap and flexible. However it should be also powerful and capable of being used in different research studies and hence be customizable depending on the requirements of these topics.
This thesis aims at building an indoor mobile robot that can be used as a platform for developing algorithms involving various sensors incorporated onto a mobile platform. More precisely, it can be used as a base for indoor navigation and localization algorithms, as well as it can be used as platform for developing algorithms for larger autonomous mobile robots. The thesis work involves the design and manufacturing of a mobile robot platform that can potentially facilitate mobile robotics research that involves use of various hardware to develop and test different perception and navigation algorithms.
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Li, Wan-chiu. "Localization of a mobile robot by monocular vision /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B23765896.
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Celikkanat, Hande. "Control Of A Mobile Robot Swarm Via Informed Robots." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609966/index.pdf.
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In this thesis, we study how and to what extent a self-organized mobile robot flock can be guided by informing some of the robots within the flock about a preferred direction of motion. Specifically, we extend a flocking behavior that was shown to maneuver a swarm of mobile robots as a cohesive group in free space, avoiding obstacles. In its original form, this behavior does not have a preferred direction and the flock would wander aimlessly. In this study, we incorporate a preference for a goal direction in some of the robots. These informed robots do not signal that they are informed (a.k.a. unacknowledged leadership) and instead guide the swarm by their tendency to move in the desired direction. Through experimental results with physical and simulated robots we show that the self-organized flocking of a robot swarm can be effectively guided by an informed minority of the flock. We evaluate the system using a number of quantitative metrics: First, we propose to use the mutual information metric from Information Theory as a dynamical measure of the information exchange. Then, we discuss the accuracy metric from directional statistics and size of the largest cluster as the measures of system performance. Using these metrics, we perform analyses from two points of views: In the transient analyses, we demonstrate the information exchange between the robots as the time advances, and the increase in the accuracy of the flock when the conditions are suitable for an adequate amount of information exchange. In the steady state analyses, we investigate the interdependent effects of the size of the flock in terms of the robots in it, the ratio of informed robots in the flock over the total flock size, the weight of the direction preference behavior, and the noise in the system.
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Szabari, Mikuláš. "Konstrukce kráčejícího mobilního robotu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-382418.
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The diploma thesis deals with the construction of a walking mobile robot, which is intended for passing through a rugged or forest terrain, whose task is to collect the sample. The first part is devoted to the review of walking robots. Follow-up an analysis of two-legged and four-leg walking robot technologies and a brief overview of drives. The second part is devoted to problem analysis and design variant. The work contains 4 design variants in the form of schemes. Using the multi-criteria analysis, the variants were evaluated and the optimal variant was chosen taking into account the representative parameters. The third part is devoted to the construction of the chosen variant, it is divided into body and leg construction. The overall design is processed in the form of a virtual 3D model. In the leg construction, the design itself, but also the calculations of drives, shafts, gears and belt transmissions are solved. The end of the thesis is devoted to drawing documentation based on 3D model and economic evaluation. Follow-up and discussion with possible continuation and use in practice.
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Garratt, Matthew A. "Biologically inspired vision and control for an autonomous flying vehicle /." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2007. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20090116.154822/index.html.
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Gregoire, Jean. "Priority-based coordination of mobile robots." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0023/document.
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Depuis la fin des années 1980, le développement de véhicules autonomes, capables de rouler sans l'intervention d'un être humain, est un champ de recherche très actif dans la plupart des grands pays industrialisés. La diminution du nombre d'accidents, des temps de trajet plus courts, une meilleure efficacité énergétique et des besoins en infrastructure plus limités, sont autant d'effets socio-économiques espérés de leur déploiement. Des formes de coopération inter-véhicules et entre les véhicules et l'infrastructure routière sont nécessaires au fonctionnement sûr et efficace du système de transport dans sa globalité. Cette thèse s'intéresse à une forme de coopération particulière en étudiant la coordination de robots mobiles aux intersections. La majorité des systèmes de coordination existants planifie une trajectoire que les robots doivent exécuter afin d'assurer l'absence de collision. C'est une approche classique de la planification, qui est alors considérée comme un mécanisme de génération de l'action. Dans cette thèse, seules les priorités entre les véhicules sont planifiées, c'est-à-dire l'ordre relatif de passage des véhicules dans l'intersection, ce qui est bien plus faible car un grand nombre de trajectoires respectent les même priorités. Les priorités sont alors simplement utilisées comme une ressource de coordination pour guider les robots dans l'intersection. Une fois les priorités affectées, les robots suivent une loi de contrôle qui s'assure qu'elles soient bien respectées. Il en découle un système de coordination robuste, capable de gérer toute une classe d'événements imprévisibles de façon réactive, ce qui est particulièrement adapté pour une application à la coordination de véhicules autonomes aux intersections où voitures, transports en commun et piétons partagent la routeSince the end of the 1980's, the development of self-driven autonomous vehicles is an intensive research area in most major industrial countries. Positive socio-economic potential impacts include a decrease of crashes, a reduction of travel times, energy efficiency improvements, and a reduced need of costly physical infrastructure. Some form of vehicle-to-vehicle and/or vehicle-to-infrastructure cooperation is required to ensure a safe and efficient global transportation system. This thesis deals with a particular form of cooperation by studying the problem of coordinating multiple mobile robots at an intersection area. Most of coordination systems proposed in previous work consist of planning a trajectory and to control the robots along the planned trajectory: that is the plan-as-program paradigm where planning is considered as a generative mechanism of action. The approach of the thesis is to plan priorities – the relative order of robots to go through the intersection – which is much weaker as many trajectories respect the same priorities. Then, priorities are merely used as a coordination resource to guide robots through the intersection. Once priorities are assigned, robots are controlled through a control law preserving the assigned priorities. It results in a more robust coordination system – able to handle a large class of unexpected events in a reactive manner – particularly well adapted for an application to the coordination of autonomous vehicles at intersections where cars, public transport and pedestrians share the road
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李宏釗 and Wan-chiu Li. "Localization of a mobile robot by monocular vision." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31226371.
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Aguilar, Jeffrey Jose. "Exploring lift-off dynamics in a jumping robot." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45961.
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We study vertical jumping in a simple robot comprising an actuated mass spring arrangement. The actuator frequency and phase are systematically varied to find optimal performance. Optimal jumps occur above and below (but not at) the robot's resonant frequency f0. Two distinct jumping modes emerge: a simple jump which is optimal above f0 is achievable with a squat maneuver, and a peculiar stutter jump which is optimal below f0 is generated with a countermovement. A simple dynamical model reveals how optimal lift-off results from non-resonant transient dynamics.
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Da, Silva Filho José Grimaldo. "Towards natural human-robot collaboration during collision avoidance." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALM003.
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Ces dernières années, la tendance des robots capables de partager des espaces domestiques ou de travail avec des personnes a connu une croissance importante. Du robot guide à l’aspirateur autonome, ces robots dits "de service" sont de plus en plus intégrés dans la vie quotidienne des profanes.Bien que les progrès des logiciels et du matériel aient permis un comportement plus intelligent et plus autonome des robots, la présence plus répandue des robots parmi les gens pose un nouvel ensemble de défis pour la communauté scientifique. Même si les gens ne sont pas que des obstacles ordinaires, les approches classiques de navigation se sont concentrées sur la garantie d’un mouvement sans collision en supposant que les gens sont soit des obstacles statiques, soit des obstacles en mouvement. Traiter les gens comme des obstacles ordinaires signifie qu’un robot est incapable de tenir compte de la réaction d’une personne au mouvement du robot. Pour cette raison, un mouvement donné d’un robot peut être perçu comme dangereux ou inhabituel, ce qui incite les gens à adopter un mouvement plus prudent pendant qu’ils réfléchissent activement aux intentions du robot. Dans ce contexte, notre travail se concentre sur la manière dont un robot doit se déplacer au milieu des gens, ce qu’on appelle un problème de Mouvement homme-robot. Plus précisément, nous nous concentrons sur la reproduction d’une caractéristique de l’interaction homme-homme lors de la prévention des collisions, à savoir le partage mutuel des adaptations effectuées pour résoudre une collision.Etant donné que les situations d’évitement des collisions entre les personnes sont résolues en coopération, cette thèse modélise la manière dont cette coopération se fait afin qu’un robot puisse reproduire leur comportement. Pour ce faire, des centaines de situations où deux personnes ont des trajectoires de croisement ont été analysées. À partir de ces trajectoires humaines impliquant une tâche d’évitement des collisions, nous avons déterminé comment l’effort total est partagé entre chaque agent en fonction de plusieurs facteurs de l’interaction tels que l’angle de croisement, le temps avant collision ainsi que la vitesse. Pour valider notre approche, une preuve de concept est intégrée dans le framework Robot Operating System (ROS) utilisant une version modifiée de Reciprocal Velocity Objects (RVO) afin de répartir l’effort d’évitement des collisions de façon humanoïde.Bien que la modélisation de la manière dont un robot devrait collaborer avec des personnes ait fourni une base de référence importante pour le comportement d’évitement des collisions, la collaboration pendant une collision pourrait éventuellement engendrer de conséquences négatives. En particulier, pour assurer une collaboration efficace lors de la prévention des collisions, il est nécessaire de prévoir si la personne tentera d’éviter la collision en passant du côté gauche ou du côté droit, c’est-à-dire en prenant une décision de classe homotopie. Cependant, à situation ou cette décision de classe d’homotopie n’est pas cohérente pour les gens, le robot est obligé de tenir compte de la possibilité que les deux agents tentent de se croiser d’un côté ou de l’autre et prennent une décision nuisible à la prévention des collisions.Ainsi, dans cette thèse, nous évaluons également ce qui détermine la frontière qui sépare la décision d’éviter la collision d’un côté ou de l’autre. En faisant une approximation de l’incertitude entourant cette limite, nous avons élaboré une stratégie d’évitement des collisions qui tente de résoudre ce problème. Notre approche est basée sur l’idée que le robot doit planifier son mouvement d’évitement des collisions de telle sorte que, même si les agents, dans un premier temps, choisissent à tort de se croiser sur des côtés différents, le robot et la personne soient capables de percevoirClassical approaches for robot navigation among people have focused on guaranteed collision-free motion with the assumption that people are either static or moving obstacles. However, people are not ordinary obstacles. People react to the presence and the motion of a robot. In this context, a robot that behaves in human-like manner has been shown to reduce overall cognitive effort for nearby people as they do not have to actively think about a robot's intentions while moving on its proximity.Our work is focused on replicating a characteristic of human-human interaction during collision avoidance that is the mutual sharing of effort to avoid a collision. Based on hundreds of situations where two people have crossing trajectories, we determined how total effort is shared between agents depending on several factors of the interaction such as crossing angle and time to collision. As a proof of concept our generated model is integrated into gls{rvo}. For validation, the trajectories generated by our approach are compared to the standard gls{rvo} and to our dataset of people with crossing trajectories.Collaboration during collision avoidance is not without its potential negative consequences. For effective collaboration both agents have to pass each other on the same side. However, whenever the decision of which side collision should be avoided from is not consistent for people, the robot should also account for the risk that both agents will attempt to incorrectly cross each other on different sides. Our work first determines the uncertainty around this decision for people. Based on this, a collision avoidance approach is proposed so that, even if agents initially choose to incorrectly attempt to cross each other on different sides, the robot and the person would be able to perceive the side from which collision should be avoided in their following collision avoidance action. To validate our approach, several distinct scenarios where the crossing side decision is ambiguous are presented alongside collision avoidance trajectories generated by our approach in such scenarios
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Coufal, Jan. "Detekce cesty pro mobilní robot analýzou obrazu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228969.
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Diploma thesis deals with image processing for outdoor environment mobile robot. In first part, the problem is analyzed, general solution is proposed and suitable image processing methods are presented. In second part presented methods are tested and methods with best results are proposed. In third part is particular solution tested on real data.
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Muhammad, Naveed. "Contributions to the use of 3D lidars for autonomous navigation : calibration and qualitative localization." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAT0001/document.
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Afin de permettre une navigation autonome d'un robot dans un environnement, le robot doit être capable de percevoir son environnement. Dans la littérature, d'une manière générale, les robots perçoivent leur environnement en utilisant des capteurs de type sonars, cameras et lidar 2D. L'introduction de nouveaux capteurs, nommés lidar 3D, tels que le Velodyne HDL-64E S2, a permis aux robots d'acquérir plus rapidement des données 3D à partir de leur environnement. La première partie de cette thèse présente une technique pour la calibrage des capteurs lidar 3D. La technique est basée sur la comparaison des données lidar à un modèle de vérité de terrain afin d'estimer les valeurs optimales des paramètres de calibrage. La deuxième partie de la thèse présente une technique pour la localisation et la détection de fermeture de boucles pour les robots autonomes. La technique est basée sur l'extraction et l'indexation des signatures de petite-taille à partir de données lidar 3D. Les signatures sont basées sur les histogrammes de l'information de normales de surfaces locale extraite à partir des données lidar en exploitant la disposition des faisceaux laser dans le dispositif lidarIn order to autonomously navigate in an environment, a robot has to perceive its environment correctly. Rich perception information from the environment enables the robot to perform tasks like avoiding obstacles, building terrain maps, and localizing itself. Classically, outdoor robots have perceived their environment using vision or 2D lidar sensors. The introduction of novel 3D lidar sensors such as the Velodyne device has enabled the robots to rapidly acquire rich 3D data about their surroundings. These novel sensors call for the development of techniques that efficiently exploit their capabilities for autonomous navigation.The first part of this thesis presents a technique for the calibration of 3D lidar devices. The calibration technique is based on the comparison of acquired 3D lidar data to a ground truth model in order to estimate the optimal values of the calibration parameters. The second part of the thesis presents a technique for qualitative localization and loop closure detection for autonomous mobile robots, by extracting and indexing small-sized signatures from 3D lidar data. The signatures are based on histograms of local surface normal information that is efficiently extracted from the lidar data. Experimental results illustrate the developments throughout the manuscript
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Taralle, Florent. "Guidage Gestuel pour des Robots Mobiles." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM096/document.
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Utiliser une interface visuo-tactile peut être une gêne lorsqu'il est nécessaire de rester mobile et conscient de son environnement. Cela s'avère particulièrement problématique en milieu hostile comme pour la commande d'un drone militaire de contact.Dans ces travaux nous faisons l'hypothèse que le geste est une modalité de commande moins contraignante puisqu'elle n'impose pas de visualiser ni de manipuler une interface physique.Ainsi, différents travaux nous ont permis de confirmer d'une part, les avantages pratiques, et d'autre part, la faisabilité technique de la commande d'un robot mobile par geste.Tout d'abord, l'étude théorique du geste a permis de construire un modèle d'interaction. Celui-ci consiste en l'activation de commandes automatiques par la réalisation de gestes sémaphoriques normalisés. Des messages sonores permettent de renseigner l'opérateur et un mécanisme de confirmation sécurise l'interaction.Ensuite, le dictionnaire des gestes à utiliser a été constitué. Pour cela, une méthodologie a été proposée et appliquée : des utilisateurs proposent puis élisent les gestes les plus pertinents.Notre modèle d'interaction et le vocabulaire gestuel ont ensuite été évalués. Une étude en laboratoire nous a permis de montrer que l'interaction gestuelle telle que proposée est simple à apprendre et utiliser et qu'elle permet de conserver une bonne conscience de l'environnement.Un système interactif complet a ensuite été développé. Son architecture a été déduite du modèle d'interaction et une brique de reconnaissance gestuelle a été mise en oeuvre. En marge des méthodes classiques, la brique proposée utilise un principe de description formelle des gestes avec une grammaire régulière.Finalement, ce système a été évalué lors de tests utilisateurs. L'évaluation par des participants militaires a confirmé notre hypothèse de la pertinence du geste pour une interaction visuellement et physiquement moins contraignanteUsing a visuo-tactil interface may be restrictive when mobility and situation awareness are required. This is particularly problematic in hostile environment as commanding a drone on a battlefield.In the work presented here, we hypothesize that gesture is a less restrictive modaility as it doesn't require to manipulate nor to look at a device.Thus we followed a user-centered approach to confirm practical advantages and technical feasibility of gestural interaction for drones.First, the theoretical study of gestures allowed us to design an interaction model. It consists on activating commands by executing standardized semaphoric gestures. Sound messages inform the user and a confirmation mechanism secure the interaction.Second, a gestural vocabulary has been built. To do so, a methodology has been proposed and used : end users elicited then elected the most appropriate gestures.Then, the interaction model and the selected gestures have been evaluated. A laboratory study showed that they are both easy to learn and use and helps situation awareness.An interactive system as then been developed. It's architecture has been deducted from our interaction model and a gesture recognizer as been buit. Different from usual methods, the recognizer we proposed is based on formal description of gestures using regular expressions.Finaly, we conducted a user testing of the proposed system. The evaluation by end-users confirmed our hypothesis that gestures are a modality less distractive both visualy and physicaly
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Ripel, Tomáš. "Návrh a realizace konstrukce kolového mobilního robotu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228987.
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The master's thesis describes the complex design of autonomous mobile robot and its realization. It consists of the design of the chassis, actuators, safety components and electronics. The design part is given by specifications defined by external firm; the specifications are overviewed in the introduction section. The design part describes the function of particular elements the construction nodes consist of. Follow-up chapters solve the implementation of electronics in construction design and also the mounting of the outside shell to the frame. Constructional design of autonomous robot Bender III is the main result of this thesis. All required design and functional specifications were met.
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Sekáč, Ondřej. "Plánování cesty pro více robotů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-416653.
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This master thesis deals with path planning for multiple mobile robots. The theoretical part describes robot navigation -- mapping and path planning. Selected methods of artificial intelligence used in multi-robot path planning are described. In practical part simulator is implemented, in which selected algorithms were compared using experiments.
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Park, Hae Won. "Robot learners: interactive instance-based learning with social robots." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53442.
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On one hand, academic and industrial researchers have been developing and deploying robots that are used as educational tutors, mediators, and motivational tools. On the other hand, an increasing amount of interest has been placed on non-expert users being able to program robots intuitively, which has led to promising research efforts in the fields of machine learning and human-robot interaction. This dissertation focuses on bridging the gap between the two subfields of robotics to provide personalized experience for the users during educational, entertainment, and therapeutic sessions with social robots. In order to make the interaction continuously engaging, the workspace shared between the user and the robot should provide personalized contexts for interaction while the robot learns to participate in new tasks that arise.
This dissertation aims to solve the task-learning problem using an instance-based framework that stores human demonstrations as task instances. These instances are retrieved when confronted with a similar task in which the system generates predictions of task behaviors based on prior solutions. The main issues associated with the instance-based approach, i.e., knowledge encoding and acquisition, are addressed in this dissertation research using interactive methods of machine learning. This approach, further referred to as interactive instance-based learning (IIBL), utilizes the keywords people use to convey task knowledge to others to formulate task instances. The key features suggested by the human teacher are extracted during the demonstrations of the task. Regression approaches have been developed in this dissertation to model similarities between cases for instance retrieval including multivariate linear regression and sensitivity analysis using neural networks. The learning performance of the IIBL methods were then evaluated while participants engaged in various block stacking and inserting scenarios and tasks on a touchscreen tablet with a humanoid robot Darwin.
In regard to end-users programming robots, the main benefit of the IIBL framework is that the approach fully utilizes the explanatory behavior of the instance-based method which makes the learning process transparent to the human teacher. Such an environment not only encourages the user to produce better demonstrations, but also prompts the user to intervene at the moment a new instance is needed. It was shown through user studies that participants naturally adapt their teaching behavior to the robot learner's progress and adjust the timing and the number of demonstrations. It was also observed that the human-robot teaching and learning scenarios facilitate the emergence of various social behaviors from participants. Encouraging social interaction is often an objective of the task especially with children with cognitive disabilities, and a pilot study with children with autism spectrum disorder revealed promising results comparable to the typically developing group.
Finally, this dissertation investigated the necessity of renewable context for prolonged interaction with robot companions. Providing personalized tasks that match each individual's preferences and developmental stages enhances the quality of the user experience with robot learners. Confronted with the limitations of the physical workspace, this research proposes utilizing commercially available touchscreen smart devices as a shared platform for engaging the user in educational, entertainment, and therapeutic tasks with the robot learners.
To summarize, this dissertation attempts to defend the thesis statement that a robot learner that utilizes an IIBL approach improves the performance and efficiency of general task learning, and when combined with the state-of-the-art mobile technology that provides personalized context for interaction, enhances the user's experience for prolonged engagement of the task.
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Sypták, Michal. "Modelování a řízení mobilních kolových robotů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217852.
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Control of wheeled chassis does not constitute a problem in the area of mobile robotic solely. Rather, it can be encountered in transportation, both at close range and long range. In this thesis, mobile chassis are characterized as kinematic models. These models prove to be erroneous at high speed, whereas they sufficiently accurately represent the real robotic system in situations when slow, autonomous motion of the robot is desired. In comparison with dynamic models, both their project and implementation are simpler, too. The first part of this thesis is focused on a basic description of the motion of a robot in-plane. In the next part, five, most frequently used wheels in robotics are described and characterized - standard fixed wheels, standard steering wheels, castor wheels, multidirectional wheels and omnidirectional wheels. The motion conditions are deduced from each type of wheel. There are two methods of projecting the mobile robot model – full modelling and generic modelling. Based on these two methods, six models of mobile robots with different motion properties are proposed and described. The last and most extensive part of this thesis deals with simulator of robot motion created in Matlab/Simulink. It includes users guide which allows the configuration of random chassis and various trajectories of motion. In this way, it is possible to visually evaluace and classify the the different types of robots. The core of this thesis is largely connected with the field of odometry – i.e. transformation output from speed sensor and turning of wheels sensor into the robot position in the system of coordinates that defines its working space. Simulator as complex only model motion of mobile robots in plain. Its inside structure included algoritms, that have been used in praxis for control real mobile robots. In this way created Simulator models the motion of mobile robots in-plain only. However, its inside structure is based on algorithms, that could be used for control of real mobile robots in real-life working.
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Lochman, Vít. "Konstrukce jednokolového mobilního robotu se schopností skákání." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417721.
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The diploma thesis deals with the design of a single-wheel mobile robot, which is able to jump and collect samples weighing 2 Kg. The first part is devoted to the review of single-wheel robots. A brief analysis of single-wheel motion and a brief overview of jumping mechanism follow up. The second part describes problem analysis and five design variants. Using the multicriteria analysis, the variants were evaluated, and the optimal variant was chosen. The third partm is dedicated to the dynamic calculations and the mechanical design of the robot itself. The last part is devoted to economic evaluation and discussion with possible continuation in developing. The complete drawing documentation of the robot is included in this work.
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Vávra, Patrik. "Využití nástroje ROS pro řízení autonomního mobilního robotu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-402584.
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Tato práce se zabývá vytvořením lokalizačního a navigačního systému mobilního robota pro vnitřní prostředí pomocí frameworku ROS. Stručně je zde představen projekt, v rámci kterého diplomová práce vznikla, a jeho cíle. V rešeršní části je v krátkosti popsán ROS framework, simulační prostředí Gazebo a senzory, kterými robot disponuje. Následuje vytvoření modelu robota a simulačního prostředí, v němž jsou vyzkoušeny lokalizační, navigační a další rutiny. V experimentální části je provedeno testování senzorů a popsáno využití jejich výstupů. Následně jsou upraveny a otestovány algoritmy ze simulace na reálném robotovi. V závěru jsou popsány vytvořené vzdělávací minihry. Hlavním výstupem této práce je funkční stavový automat, který umožňuje manuální ovládání, zadávání cílů pro navigaci a v případě potřeby zajistí autonomní nabití robota.
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Khalil, Azher Othamn K. "Fuzzy logic control and navigation of mobile vehicles." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323486.
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Cordewener, Laurent. "Contrôle d'exécution de missions de robots mobiles à partir de tâches robot." Compiègne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995COMPD780.
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Ce travail s'associe à deux autres thèses, la première concernant la planification de missions de robots mobiles et la seconde l'évitement d'obstacle. L'étude proposée consiste à définir un niveau de contrôle d'exécution qui interprète et exécute des tâches fournies par le planificateur de façon à réaliser une mission avec succès. L'approche présentée prend en compte les erreurs de suivi de chemin, les incertitudes de localisation ainsi que d'éventuelles erreurs de modélisation de l'environnement. Une tâche est constituée ici d'une suite de configurations de passage référencées par rapport à une carte locale, partie du modèle de l'environnement supposé connu a priori. L'exécution d'une tâche intègre donc la définition d'un chemin qui relie toutes les configurations de passage ainsi que des modules de localisation et de suivi de chemin. Un principe d'adaptation de la vitesse est de plus proposé. Il tient compte de la difficulté de la tâche à réaliser, c'est-à-dire de la proximité des obstacles et de l'incertitude de localisation du robot. Cette étude a fait l'objet d'une simulation ainsi que de plusieurs réalisations pratiques.
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Čížek, Lubomír. "Navigace robotu pomocí grafových algoritmů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229513.
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This thesis deals with robot path planning by means of graph-based algorithms. The theoretical part contains basic approaches to robot path planning, and pay closer look at various methods of graph-based algorithms. In the second part of this thesis a simulation environment for robot navigation was created in C#. And in this environment chosen methods of graph-based algorithms have been implemented. This thesis was written within the research project MSM 0021630529: Intelligent systems in automation.
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Tennety, Srinivas. "Mobile robot navigation in hilly terrains." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1313757135.
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Jílek, Tomáš. "Pokročilá navigace v heterogenních multirobotických systémech ve vnějším prostředí." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234530.
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The doctoral thesis discusses current options for the navigation of unmanned ground vehicles with a focus on achieving high absolute compliance of the required motion trajectory and the obtained one. The current possibilities of key self-localization methods, such as global satellite navigation systems, inertial navigation systems, and odometry, are analyzed. The description of the navigation method, which allows achieving a centimeter-level accuracy of the required trajectory tracking with the above mentioned self-localization methods, forms the core of the thesis. The new navigation method was designed with regard to its very simple parameterization, respecting the limitations of the used robot drive configuration. Thus, after an appropriate parametrization of the navigation method, it can be applied to any drive configuration. The concept of the navigation method allows integrating and using more self-localization systems and external navigation methods simultaneously. This increases the overall robustness of the whole process of the mobile robot navigation. The thesis also deals with the solution of cooperative convoying heterogeneous mobile robots. The proposed algorithms were validated under real outdoor conditions in three different experiments.
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Ma, Mo. "Navigation using one camera in structured environment /." View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?ECED%202007%20MA.
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Racioppo, Peter Charles. "Design and Control of a Cable-Driven Articulated Modular Snake Robot." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91983.
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This thesis presents the design and control of a cable-actuated mobile snake robot. The goal of this research is to reduce the size of snake robots and improve their locomotive efficiency by simultaneously actuating groups of links to fit optimized curvature profiles. The basic functional unit of the snake is a four-link, single degree of freedom module that bends using an antagonistic cable-routing scheme. Elastic elements in series with the cables and the coupled nature of the mechanism allow each module to detect and automatically respond to obstacles. The mechanical and electrical designs of the bending module are presented, with emphasis on the cable-routing scheme, key optimizations, and the use of series elastic actuation. An approximate expression for the propulsive force generated by a snake as a function of its articulation (i.e. the number of links it contains divided by its body length) is derived and a closed-form approximation for the optimal phase offset between joints to maximize the speed of a snake is obtained by simplifying a previous result. A simplified model of serpentine locomotion that considers the forces acting on a single link as it traverses a sinusoid is presented and compared to a detailed multibody dynamic model. Control strategies for snake robots with coupled joints are developed, along with a feedback linearization of the joint dynamics. Experimental studies of force control, locomotion, and adaptation to obstacles using a fully integrated prototype are presented and compared with simulated results.MS
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Málek, Miroslav. "Mobilní robot řízený KINECTem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219977.
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This project deals with design of a mobile robot controlled by MS Kinect. The movement of the robot is driven by depth data which is processed with a suitable ARM processor. There is a module designed for serial communication between the processor and the robot chassis. For user computer and ARM processor there are developed software applications to control each part of the robot as well. Finally, this project contains form of the built robot controlled by an ARM processor software. The robot has the ability of controlled movement between obstacles. This allows the robot to not come into contact with any obstacle.
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Pavláček, Martin. "Mobilní robot Micromouse II." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229880.
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This thesis describes the design and implementation of mobile robot IEEE Micromouse category. The aim is to build a functional design of robot usable to testing methods of mapping and localization. The thesis also deals with the design of electronics for motion control. Electronic design of optical sensors operating on the principle of reflection of infrared light and the signal processing.
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Stavělík, Jiří. "Měnič pro mobilní robot." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-316139.
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This thesis describes circuit design and realization for differential control of mobile robot. Control system is based on microcontroller STM32 of company STMicroelectronics, which selection is discussed too. Part of the work thesis is description issues concerning differential control of mobile robot, DC motor cotrol with incremental encoder including cascade control and implementation of cotrol algorithms.
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Klobušníková, Zuzana. "Plánování cesty mobilního robotu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-377880.
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This master thesis deals with the planning of the robot's path using selected graph algorithms of artificial intelligence. The theoretical part describes the basic methods of planning a robot's path. It is related to the graph algorithm more closely. The practical part deals with implementation of selected graph algorithms, creation of simulation environment in Python, description and evaluation of experiments.
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Steder, Bastian [Verfasser], and Wolfram [Akademischer Betreuer] Burgard. "Feature-based 3D perception for mobile robots = Merkmalsbasierte 3D-Wahrnehmung für mobile Roboter." Freiburg : Universität, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1123475253/34.
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Futterlieb, Marcus. "Vision based navigation in a dynamic environment." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30191/document.
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Cette thèse s'intéresse au problème de la navigation autonome au long cours de robots mobiles à roues dans des environnements dynamiques. Elle s'inscrit dans le cadre du projet FUI Air-Cobot. Ce projet, porté par Akka Technologies, a vu collaborer plusieurs entreprises (Akka, Airbus, 2MORROW, Sterela) ainsi que deux laboratoires de recherche, le LAAS et Mines Albi. L'objectif est de développer un robot collaboratif (ou cobot) capable de réaliser l'inspection d'un avion avant le décollage ou en hangar. Différents aspects ont donc été abordés : le contrôle non destructif, la stratégie de navigation, le développement du système robotisé et de son instrumentation, etc. Cette thèse répond au second problème évoqué, celui de la navigation. L'environnement considéré étant aéroportuaire, il est hautement structuré et répond à des normes de déplacement très strictes (zones interdites, etc.). Il peut être encombré d'obstacles statiques (attendus ou non) et dynamiques (véhicules divers, piétons, ...) qu'il conviendra d'éviter pour garantir la sécurité des biens et des personnes. Cette thèse présente deux contributions. La première porte sur la synthèse d'un asservissement visuel permettant au robot de se déplacer sur de longues distances (autour de l'avion ou en hangar) grâce à une carte topologique et au choix de cibles dédiées. De plus, cet asservissement visuel exploite les informations fournies par toutes les caméras embarquées. La seconde contribution porte sur la sécurité et l'évitement d'obstacles. Une loi de commande basée sur les spirales équiangulaires exploite seulement les données sensorielles fournies par les lasers embarqués. Elle est donc purement référencée capteur et permet de contourner tout obstacle, qu'il soit fixe ou mobile. Il s'agit donc d'une solution générale permettant de garantir la non collision. Enfin, des résultats expérimentaux, réalisés au LAAS et sur le site d'Airbus à Blagnac, montrent l'efficacité de la stratégie développéeThis thesis is directed towards the autonomous long range navigation of wheeled robots in dynamic environments. It takes place within the Air-Cobot project. This project aims at designing a collaborative robot (cobot) able to perform the preflight inspection of an aircraft. The considered environment is then highly structured (airport runway and hangars) and may be cluttered with both static and dynamic unknown obstacles (luggage or refueling trucks, pedestrians, etc.). Our navigation framework relies on previous works and is based on the switching between different control laws (go to goal controller, visual servoing, obstacle avoidance) depending on the context. Our contribution is twofold. First of all, we have designed a visual servoing controller able to make the robot move over a long distance thanks to a topological map and to the choice of suitable targets. In addition, multi-camera visual servoing control laws have been built to benefit from the image data provided by the different cameras which are embedded on the Air-Cobot system. The second contribution is related to obstacle avoidance. A control law based on equiangular spirals has been designed to guarantee non collision. This control law, based on equiangular spirals, is fully sensor-based, and allows to avoid static and dynamic obstacles alike. It then provides a general solution to deal efficiently with the collision problem. Experimental results, performed both in LAAS and in Airbus hangars and runways, show the efficiency of the developed techniques
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Lovell, Nathan, and N/A. "Machine Vision as the Primary Sensory Input for Mobile, Autonomous Robots." Griffith University. School of Information and Communication Technology, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070911.152447.
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Image analysis, and its application to sensory input (computer vision) is a fairly mature field, so it is surprising that its techniques are not extensively used in robotic applications. The reason for this is that, traditionally, robots have been used in controlled environments where sophisticated computer vision was not necessary, for example in car manufacturing. As the field of robotics has moved toward providing general purpose robots that must function in the real world, it has become necessary that the robots be provided with robust sensors capable of understanding the complex world around them. However, when researchers apply techniques previously studied in image analysis literature to the field of robotics, several difficult problems emerge. In this thesis we examine four reasons why it is difficult to apply work in image analysis directly to real-time, general purpose computer vision applications. These are: improvement in the computational complexity of image analysis algorithms, robustness to dynamic and unpredictable visual conditions, independence from domain specific knowledge in object recognition and the development of debugging facilities. This thesis examines each of these areas making several innovative contributions in each area. We argue that, although each area is distinct, improvement must be made in all four areas before vision will be utilised as the primary sensory input for mobile, autonomous robotic applications. In the first area, the computational complexity of image analysis algorithms, we note the dependence of a large number of high-level processing routines on a small number of low-level algorithms. Therefore, improvement to a small set of highly utilised algorithms will yield benefits in a large number of applications. In this thesis we examine the common tasks of image segmentation, edge and straight line detection and vectorisation. In the second area, robustness to dynamic and unpredictable conditions, we examine how vision systems can be made more tolerant to changes of illumination in the visual scene. We examine the classical image segmentation task and present a method for illumination independence that builds on our work from the first area. The third area is the reliance on domain-specific knowledge in object recognition. Many current systems depend on a large amount of hard-coded domainspecific knowledge to understand the world around them. This makes the system hard to modify, even for slight changes in the environment, and very difficult to apply in a different context entirely. We present an XML-based language, the XML Object Definition (XOD) language, as a solution to this problem. The language is largely descriptive instead of imperative so, instead of describing how to locate objects within each image, the developer simply describes the properties of the objects. The final area is the development of support tools. Vision system programming is extremely difficult because large amounts of data are handled at a very fast rate. If the system is running on an embedded device (such as a robot) then locating defects in the code is a time consuming and frustrating task. Many development-support applications are available for specific applications. We present a general purpose development-support tool for embedded, real-time vision systems. The primary case study for this research is that of Robotic soccer, in the international RoboCup Four-Legged league. We utilise all of the research of this thesis to provide the first illumination-independent object recognition system for RoboCup. Furthermore we illustrate the flexibility of our system by applying it to several other tasks and to marked changes in the visual environment for RoboCup itself.
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Khan, Muhammad Aqib. "Design and control of a robotic system based on mobile robots and manipulator arms for picking in logistics warehouses." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMLH31.
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La logistique consiste à stocker, déplacer et expédier des marchandises à des détaillants ou clients finaux tant en garantissant une gestion efficace des flux d’information sous-jacents. Les travaux menés durant cette thèse visent à automatiser le processus de préparation de commande sur palette en introduisant des robots manipulateurs mobiles dans les entrepôts logistiques, avec un double objectif : diminuer la pénibilité du travail et augmenter la productivité face à la croissance des volumes traités.Après un état de l’art exhaustif sur les robots manipulateurs mobiles, l’auteur met en œuvre un ensemble de procédés et processus afin de prélever des colis sur des palettes disposées sous des racks et cela en toute autonomie. Des blocs fonctionnels sont ainsi constitués pour réaliser l’ensemble des tâches pour la base mobile (cartographie, localisation, planification, navigation) ainsi que pour le bras manipulateur. Une disposition originale et inédite des capteurs sur le manipulateur mobile ainsi que la mise en place d’ARtag sur les éléments d’infrastructures permettent de récupérer des « smart data » plutôt que du « big data », permettant de conjuguer la complexité du problème avec les contraintes temps réel de l’application.Un algorithme de suivi d’un « mur virtuel » est proposé utilisant une transformée de Hough rendue plus robuste grâce à plusieurs niveaux de filtrage. La synchronisation et la commande de ces deux systèmes est assurée par des réseaux de Pétri. Enfin le prototype développé durant cette thèse CIFRE a été non seulement testé au laboratoire mais aussi dans les conditions réelles d’un entrepôt logistiqueLogistics involves the storage and displacement of goods. These goods are stored in warehouses and shipped to retailers in pallets. Pallets are produced on a customer’s order. Order picking for a pallet is a fatigue induced process resulting in poor performance of the workers, decreasing the productivity and inducing delays in supply chain. Flexibility is introduced to increase productivity by commissioning robots for process automation. These robots consist of autonomous ground vehicles for transporting freight and static manipulators for pick and place. A static robot has limited workspace and the capability of a manipulator is significantly enhanced by adding a mobile base. Mobile manipulation is now being exploited for pick & place and pallet production. This thesis presents a first attempt to achieve autonomous palletization using mobile manipulation. To acquire palletization by mobile manipulation requires the identification of functional blocks, to conceive a framework to achieve this task. A thorough state of the art has been prepared in this thesis corresponding to each element of the global framework. To realize the proof of concept, a prototype has been developed by leveraging existing technologies, by integrating a mobile base with manipulator and a grasping system with a gripping element. For each functional block of the global framework, control execution strategies have been developed and tested in industrial environment. Specifically, localization is acquired by the use of synthetic landmarks, a motion planning and control strategy is employed for global navigation and a rack tracking motion control has been developed for moving inside the racks. To combine and execute all the elements without deadlocks a coordination framework is used as a global supervisor. The path planner for global navigation is based on the shortest distance between two points, and rack tracking is developed by applying the conventional Hough transform to the lidar data and using the output in a nonlinear controller, while the motion planner for manipulation is based on linear trajectories. The framework for supervisory control is based on discrete event systems topology and state machines corresponding to each element have been modelized using Petri nets. Finally, the framework has been tested for a complete picking task on the mobile manipulator to validate the selection of strategies and performance of each functional element. The successful demonstration has been concluded as a first step towards the evolution of autonomous palletization
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Bertone, Osvaldo Hugo. "Desenvolvimento de uma plataforma universal para aplicações em robôs móveis." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/260985.
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Orientador: Marco Antonio Robert AlvesTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
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Resumo: Este trabalho visa o desenvolvimento de uma plataforma básica com o propósito de ser-vir de estrutura para aplicações em robôs móveis. Esta plataforma consta de módulos de comunicação para o meio exterior (Bluetooth, WiFi e ZigBee) e com um barramento de comunicação interior que permite a inclusão de módulos que controlam sensores e atuadores (sensores como de distância, câmeras de vídeo, GPS, Bussola digital, acelerômetros, umidade, temperatura, pressão, etc., e atuadores como motores, servos, válvulas, etc.). A plataforma básica consta de protocolos de comunicação e um set de comandos tanto nas comunicações via rádio como no barramento interno o que permite o desenvolvimento de novas aplicações. O software interno, também é um software de código aberto que permite aos pesquisadores, hobbistas, profissionais, alunos e professores modificar e desenvolver qualquer tipo de aplicação tanto para que a plataforma seja montada em estruturas diferentes como também o desenvolvimento de software desktop para comando do robô via internet, celular ou qualquer tipo de tele-comunicação futura. Com este trabalho se pretende preencher um vazio que fará viável sua aplicação nas áreas de educação básica, esta não apenas nas disciplinas tradicionais, como Matemática e Geografia, mas também em disciplinas transversais, nas quais os alunos poderão aprender a programar rotinas para educação no trânsito, seleção de lixo reciclável, ecologia (reconhecimento de águas), inclusão social e reconhecimentos de MAPas, utilizando sistemas de programação em blocos. No caso dos pesquisadores e hobbistas, os produtos seriam utilizados para o desenvolvimento de novos módulos e outras aplicações mais sofisticadas, podendo tudo isso ser realizado via tele-operação. Como foi desenvolvido um único sistema a ser usado tanto na educação básica quanto para pesquisas de alto nível tecnológico, o sistema é flexível, possuindo um software com programação em blocos, para as escolas de ensino fundamental e médio; e um software com programação em C, para pesquisadores e hobbistas
Abstract: This study aims at developing a basic platform in order to provide a structure for applications in mobile robots. This platform consists of modules for communication to the outside world (Bluetooth, WiFi and ZigBee) and an internal communication bus that allows the inclusion of modules that control sensors and actuators (such as distance sensors, video cameras, GPS, digital compass , accelerometers, humidity, temperature, pressure, etc ... as motors and actuators, servos, valves, etc ...). The basic platform consists of communication protocols and a set of commands as much as radio communications in the internal bus that allows the development of new applications. The internal software is also an open source software that allows researchers, hobbyists, professionals, students and teachers to modify and develop any type of application for both the platform is mounted on different structures as well as the development of desktop software for remote control of robot via the Internet, mobile phone or any type of tele-communication future. This work is intended to fill a void that will make feasible its application in the areas of basic education, this not only in traditional disciplines such as math and geography, but also in cross-disciplines in which students can learn to program routines for traffic education, selection of recyclable waste, ecology recognition (water), social inclusion and recognition of MAPas using systems programming block. For researchers and hobbyists, the products would be used for the development of new modules and other more sophisticated applications, may all be performed via the teleoperation. Was developed as a single system to be used both in basic education and for research on high technology, the system is flexible, having a software programming blocks to the elementary schools and middle, and a software programming in C for researchers and hobbyists
Doutorado
Eletrônica, Microeletrônica e Optoeletrônica
Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica