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Journal articles on the topic 'MODAPTS'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 September 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Ita Erliana, Cut, and Dahlan Abdullah. "Application of The MODAPTS Method with Innovative Solutions in The Cement Packing Process." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.14 (2018): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.11249.

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The Modular Arrangement of Predetermined Time Standard (MODAPTS) is a medote for analyzing performance in performing work by monitoring the operator's movement in the workplace. MODAPTS will record the movement of each carrier in the workplace. This research will reveal a number of common features of MODAPTS and its applications in the packing process at the cement plant in particular to reduce the waste of working time that causes the production target is not achieved. This Cement Packing process becomes the chosen workplace because it requires manual work where there is continual movement of the body. The suggested improvement is in the form of determining movement activities, terminal activities, and Auxiliary Activities for each operator based on the standard time and the normal time available. Based on the results of this study obtained innovative solution that can be used as a safe, easy, and efficient working procedure resulting in increased work productivity.

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Ma, Zi Qin, Tao Wang, Dong Yi Wang, Li Sun, Qiang Cheng, and Jiang Wei. "Arc Welding Working Hours Based on MODAPTS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 455 (November 2013): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.455.185.

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MODAPTS of Industrial Engineering (IE) work measurement was used for formulating welding hours. It was analyzed the program, operations and motion of production process on the arc welding production site. According to the theory of similar manufacturing principle, the auxiliary operation of the arc welding was divided into standard operation, typical operation and special operation. Their working hours were respectively analyzed and estimated. Arc welding operation time was treated as a set of the basic time and auxiliary operation sequence time. It is more scientific, rationalization and standardization for the welding hours, and improves the efficiency of formulating welding hours. A using example was given.

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Jang, Jung-Hwan, Jing-Lun Jang, Yu Quan, et al. "A Study on the Material Supply Man-Hour Computation based on MODAPTS in Automobile Assembly Line." Journal of the Korea Safety Management and Science 18, no. 3 (2016): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.12812/ksms.2016.18.3.127.

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4

Wu, Shuang, Yao Wang, Joëlle Zita BolaBola, et al. "Incorporating motion analysis technology into modular arrangement of predetermined time standard (MODAPTS)." International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 53 (May 2016): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2016.03.001.

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Assef, Fernanda, Cassius Tadeu Scarpin, and Maria Teresinha Steiner. "Confrontation between techniques of time measurement." Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 29, no. 5 (2018): 789–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-12-2017-0253.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a precise comparison between a pre-determined time rules and the evaluation performed with the help of a manual chronometer using data from a line assembly in an automotive industry besieged in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Nowadays, it is possible to verify several tools of measurement of task times, some taking less time and causing less wear of the evaluator than others, but not being in accordance with the real conditions of the workers of a certain industry. Design/methodology/approach The developed paper has its methodology based on two methods of time analysis, one of them being an adaptation of the MODular Arrangement of Predeterminated Time Standard (MODAPTS) method – called MODAPTS 2. This method is used by the industry in analyzed in this work and the other through the use of simple manual timing, through the digital timer, of the stages developed in a workstation. Findings The study shows that for each operation analyzed, thus presenting a situation of minimum waste, it becomes possible to judge which reasons exist for the operator during manual timekeeping not to reach the optimum times generated by the system of pre-determined times and movements (PMTSs) questioned. Research limitations/implications This study is conducted on an automotive enterprise in a period of confidentiality, which means that only a single workstation is able to be studied. This means that the comparison obtained between the time measurements methods used, and the evaluation of the MODAPTS is carried out with the best possible movements and gestures, disregarding then that the wastes can still be postulated to the whole assembly line. Originality/value With the automation in industry, where assemble tasks are usually developed manually, it is believed possible to discard the option of measuring task times in its classic and manual form, using a timer, yet during this process, there will be variables that may not be considered by pre-determined measurements methodologies. The work developed by this paper presents different variables that are not examined by the methods of PMTS, not frequently seen in the literature, as well as the difference that occurs between the measurement of times with stopwatch and the use of PMTS, which, in its original form, disregards the wastes that the operator has in their movements.

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Cho, Heungjae, Sungkun Lee, and Jaeil Park. "Time estimation method for manual assembly using MODAPTS technique in the product design stage." International Journal of Production Research 52, no. 12 (2014): 3595–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2013.878480.

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RAJ, KUMAR, GAGANDEEP, CHARAK ABHISHEK, and THAKUR GAURAV. "PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT OF AN AUTOMOTIVE ASSEMBLY LINE USING MODULAR ARRANGEMENT OF PREDETERMINED TIME STANDARDS (MODAPTS)." i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology 16, no. 2 (2021): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jfet.16.2.17694.

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8

Liu, Lijun, Zuhua Jiang, Bo Song, Hongyuan Zhu, and Xinyu Li. "A Novel Method for Acquiring Engineering-Oriented Operational Empirical Knowledge." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9754298.

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The operational knowledge of skilled technicians gained from years of experience is invaluable for an enterprise. Possession of such knowledge will facilitate an enterprise sharing technician’s know-how and training of new employees effectively. However, until now there is rare efficient quantitative method to obtain this kind of tacit knowledge. In this paper we propose a concept of engineering-oriented operational empirical knowledge (OEK) to describe this kind of knowledge and design a framework to acquire OEK from skilled technician’s operations. The framework integrates motion analysis, motion elicitation, and intent analysis. The modular arrangement of predetermined time standards (MODAPTS) is used to divide the technician’s operational process into basic motion elements; and the variable precision rough set (VPRS) algorithm is used to extract the technician’s OEK content, which combined with the technician’s intent elicited via interview; the completed OEK is obtained. At the end of our study, an engineering case is used to validate the feasibility of the proposed method, which shows that satisfactory results have been reached for the study.

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9

Wilson, Jack L. "Aspect and the English modal system." Revista de Filología y Lingüística de la Universidad de Costa Rica 16, no. 2 (2015): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rfl.v16i2.19640.

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Se propone que cada frase Inglés no contiene sólo el tiempo (pasado y no pasado), sino también de aspecto (perfectivo y imperfectivo). Mientras que otros idiomas pueden marcar aspecto formal, en Inglés es con frecuencia una categoría encubierta y puede dar lugar a ambigüedades, sobre todo en el lenguaje escrito. La interacción de aspecto y el tiempo con los diferentes modales se muestra en un esfuerzo para describir la forma en que los diferentes modales se han de interpretar semánticamente. It is proposed that every English sentence contains not only time (past and non-past) but also aspect (perfective and imperfective). Whereas other languages may mark aspect formally, in English it is frequently a covert category and may give rise to ambiguities, especially in the written language. The interaction of aspect and time with the different modals is shown in an effort to describe the way the different modals are to be interpreted semantically.

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Siregar, Ikhsan. "Quality Engineering with Taguchi Loss Function Method and Improvement of Work Method in Anode Changing." MATEC Web of Conferences 296 (2019): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929602008.

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One of the companies engaged in aluminum smelting product ion has problems, namely the occurrence of high variations in the removal of new anodes to the old anodes which are influenced by the operator's working method because of unnecessary movements and movements beyond the Anode Changing mechanism set by the company has become a habit of the operator itself, so the time needed to replace the anode is getting longer. This problem causes the company to suffer losses due t o the product ion process that runs not in accordance with established procedures. So, the company needs to calculate the losses incurred due to variations in anode replacement and see how the operator's working method when changing the anode that causes these variations and also has an influence on the anode replacement cycle time. The method used for this problem is Taguchi Loss Function which is used to calculate the losses suffered by the company and improve work methods using the Modular Arrangement of Predermined Time Standards (MODAPTS) method to calculate the processing time. The results obtained using this method are losses experienced by the company in Block 1 amounting to Rp 19,733,263, while the total losses in Block 2 amount to Rp 35,919,435. While for the operator's working method, the operator's work movements are analyzed which are not in accordance with the economic principles of the movement . Comparison of the standard time of actual and proposed work methods is 774.847 seconds and 648.2 seconds with a time difference of 126,647 seconds faster and there are no movements that should not be done so that the operator can use the time to adjust the anode height as well as possible according to the standards determined by the company.

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Borgonovo, Claudia. "Modales ambiguos." Revue Romane / Langue et littérature. International Journal of Romance Languages and Literatures 46, no. 2 (2011): 202–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rro.46.2.02bor.

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This article explores the interaction of Tense, Aspect and Modality in French, Italian and Spanish, languages in which Modals are inflected as main verbs. Imperfective modals are a-averidical, as modals are expected to be, but when they appear in a perfective tense, unexpected entailments and implicatures appear. For example, the following example is three-way ambiguous in Spanish; the corresponding example is two way-ambiguous in Italian and French: P. may have won, could have won, managed to win the race The three readings, epistemic, counterfactual and implicative, are derived from the alternative orderings of three heads, Tense, Aspect and Modal; any ordering in which Modal scopes over Tense is out on semantic grounds; these leaves three possible orderings which result in the three readings. In the epistemic construal, Modal has scope over Tense and Aspect, which are read on the infinitive. As a result, Modal Evaluation Time is at Utterance Time and the lower infinitive is Past and Perfective. There is no interaction between Modal and the other two heads and averidicality is the result. In the counterfactual reading,Tense scopes over Modal, which in turn scopes over Aspect: the result is a past Modal Evaluation; Perfective Aspect makes the interval in which verifying instances of the lower event are sought bounded, which contributes settledness. These are the crucial ingredients for counterfactuality. When Tense and Aspect are both read on the modal, the lower event is entailed and an implicative reading ensues. Italian and French do not have the counterfactual reading because their only surviving perfective past is a morphological perfect which, since it involves a resulting state, is incompatible with counterfactuality. Spanish perfecto also lacks this reading.

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Nagle, Stephen J. "The English Double Modal Conspiracy." Diachronica 11, no. 2 (1994): 199–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.11.2.04nag.

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SUMMARY The English double-modal combinations such as might could, used by over 20,000,000 speakers in the southern United States and by much smaller populations in Scotland and Northern Ireland, are nonetheless unknown to speakers of standard and colloquial varieties of other types of English. In syntactic theory, they are somewhat problematic for versions of generative syntax that hold that in English the modal auxiliary is the head of its clause, ruling out modal combinations. This article assumes, based on previous investigations (Nagle 1993, Montgomery & Nagle 1994), that today's double modals are innovations. It then argues that their rise in Early Modern English reflects a conspiracy of syntactic and semantic factors. RÉSUMÉ Les combinaisons anglaises des expressions modales doubles comme might could, malgr6 le fait que'elles sont utilisées par 20 millions locuteurs au sud des Etats Unis et en Ecosse et Irlande du Nord par une population beau-coup moins grande, ne sont pas connus parmi les locuteurs d'autres variantes anglaises, standard ou colloquial. En theorie syntaxique, elles s'averent un peu problématiques pour des types de syntaxe generative qui maintiennent que la modale auxiliaire represente la 'tete' de sa clause, ainsi excluant les combinaisons modales. Le present article, se basant sur des investgations precedantes (Nagle 1993, Montgomery & Nagle 1994), suppose que les modales doubles d'aujourd'hui représentent des innovations. II constate que son apparition dans 1'anglais moderne du XVIIe siecle reflete une 'conspiration' de facteurs syn-taxiques et semantique. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Kombinationen doppelter Modalwörtern im Englischen wie might could, die von iiber 2 Millionen Sprechern in den Siidstaaten verwendet werden und auch von einer geringeren Bevolkerungszahl in Schottland und Nordirland, sind unter Sprechern anderer Varietaten, des Standards wie auch der Um-gangssprache, nicht bekannt. Fur die Syntaxtheorie, vor allem fur gewisse generative Modelle, sind solche Verwendungen dieser Art problematisch, und zwar deshalb, weil sie behaupten, daB das modale Hilfszeitwort gewisser-maßen den 'Kopf der jeweiligen Wortgruppe darstelle. Auf vorangegangene Forschungen (Nagle 1993, Montgomery & Nagle 1994) aufbauend, nimmt der vorliegende Aufsatz an, daB es sich bei diesen doppelten Modalkombinationen um Neuerungen handelt. Ihr Aufkommen im Frühneuenglischen sei eine 'Ver-schworung' syntaktischer und semantischer Faktoren.

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COLLINS, PETER. "Modals and quasi-modals in world Englishes." World Englishes 28, no. 3 (2009): 281–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971x.2009.01593.x.

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Alvarado Marambio, José Tomás. "ESPACIOS MODALES INCOMPLETOS." Praxis Filosófica, no. 28 (December 14, 2011): 143–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/pfilosofica.v0i28.3277.

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Este trabajo presenta y discute varias formas de especificar el espacio ontológicomodal, asumiendo que los mundos posibles son universales estructuralesmáximos y asumiendo también que no hay forma de representar medianteuniversales estructurales los hechos sobre identidad y diferencia deobjetos entre diferentes mundos posibles. Dos grandes opciones teoréticasdeterminan la configuración que podría tener el espacio modal: (a) la introducciónde haecceitates de individuos actuales como componentes de losuniversales estructurales máximos, y (b) la introducción de contrapartidas.En el caso (a), los hechos sobre identidad de objetos meramente posibles endiferentes mundos queda indeterminada. Se argumenta que no es razonablesuplementar esta configuración del espacio modal con contrapartidas. En elcaso de que las haecceitates no sean introducidas, todos los hechos sobreidentidad y diferencia de objetos entre diferentes mundos posibles quedanindeterminados, por lo que aquí el suplemento de contrapartidas es bienvenido.Cada una de estas opciones tiene sus propios costos teóricos en relacióncon, por ejemplo, las relaciones de accesibilidad entre mundos posiblesy otras tesis modales cruciales.

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Solís Sotomayor, Luis Xavier. "Modal causes of education." Sophía, no. 17 (December 30, 2014): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17163/soph.n17.2014.16.

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Matthewson, Lisa. "Gitksan Modals." International Journal of American Linguistics 79, no. 3 (2013): 349–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/670751.

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Vecsey, Zoltán. "Epistemic modals." Language and Dialogue 3, no. 3 (2013): 422–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ld.3.3.05vec.

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In recent years, the standard account of epistemic modal discourse has been criticized from two directions. Expressivists and dynamic semanticists argue that simple epistemic modal sentences should be understood as non-truth-conditional. Relativists hold that the truth values of epistemic modal sentences are determined by the features of their contexts of assessment. I argue below that one can integrate the core insights of these critical stances without falling into contradiction.

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Yalcin, Seth. "Epistemic Modals." Mind 116, no. 464 (2007): 983–1026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mind/fzm983.

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Nuyts, Jan, and Pieter Byloo. "Competing modals." Diachronica 32, no. 1 (2015): 34–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.32.1.02nuy.

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This paper presents the results of a corpus-based diachronic investigation into the semantic evolution of the Dutch modals kunnen “can”, mogen “may” and moeten “must”, revealing an interaction between processes of (inter)subjectification and of semantic competition (‘no synonymy’). Mogen and kunnen do, but moeten does not, show an evolution in terms of (inter)subjectification. But developments in mogen and kunnen also show an effect of the fact that historically they have been competing for the same semantic ground. There is no comparable competition for semantic ground in moeten. This strongly suggests an interaction between the ‘no synonymy’ principle and (inter)subjectification, whereby the former may actually trigger the latter.

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Mandelkern, Matthew, Ginger Schultheis, and David Boylan. "Agentive Modals." Philosophical Review 126, no. 3 (2017): 301–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00318108-3878483.

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Van linden, An. "Comparative modals." Functions of Language 22, no. 2 (2015): 192–231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.22.2.02lin.

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This article examines modal expressions with the comparative adverbs better, rather and sooner in American English, and assesses to what extent they have grammaticalized. The corpus data offer evidence that the three comparative modal groups exhibit considerable phonetic reduction in the 1810–2009 period studied. Analysis of several aspects of the constructions, such as subject types, temporal reference and comparative meaning, reveals which conditions promoted this erosion. However, the data also indicate that the three groups are semantically and constructionally quite heterogeneous. In fact, this article proposes a grammaticalization scenario for the rather and sooner structures that is different from the one posited for the better structures.

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Fontaine, Laurent. "Logiques modales et anthropologie." L Homme, no. 184 (November 5, 2007): 131–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/lhomme.13682.

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Fontaine, Laurent. "Logiques modales et anthropologie." L'Homme, no. 184 (November 1, 2007): 131–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/lhomme.21920.

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Pottier, Bernard. "L'organisation des catégories modales." Cahiers de linguistique et de civilisation hispaniques médiévales 27, no. 1 (2004): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/cehm.2004.1608.

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Pilar, M., and García-Carrasco Aponte. "Funciones de evaluacion modales." Trabajos de Estadistica 2, no. 2 (1987): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02863587.

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Iatridou, Sabine, and Hedde Zeijlstra. "Negation, Polarity, and Deontic Modals." Linguistic Inquiry 44, no. 4 (2013): 529–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling_a_00138.

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Universal deontic modals may vary with respect to whether they scope over or under negation. For instance, English modals like must and should take wide scope with respect to negation; modals like have to and need to take narrow scope. Similar patterns have been attested in other languages. In this article, we argue that the scopal properties of modals with respect to negation can be understood if (a) modals that outscope negation are positive polarity items ( PPIs); (b) all modals originate in a position lower than I0; and (c) modals undergo reconstruction unless reconstruction leads to a PPI-licensing violation.

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Noveck, Ira A., Simon Ho, and Maria Sera. "Children's understanding of epistemic modals." Journal of Child Language 23, no. 3 (1996): 621–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900008977.

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ABSTRACTPrior empirical work in semantic development has produced an impressive finding showing that children can reliably detect a modal's relative force (e.g. that must is stronger sounding than may) by five-and-a-half years of age. We investigate the extent to which a representation of relative force can account for an understanding of epistemic modals when their logical meaning is considered (i.e. when modals are interpretable as expressions of necessary and possible conclusions). Experiment 1 presents a replication of Hirst & Weil's hidden-object task, which originally included the supremely forceful indicative is. Thirty-two five-year-olds were required to find a peanut hidden under one of two containers based on a pair of statements that contrasted is with has to, has to with might, or is with might. Half the children were entitled to search for the peanut upon hearing the two statements and half were required to indicate only where they would look. Results largely confirmed the influence of relative force in this paradigm. Both groups of children usually searched under the container associated with the stronger-sounding term. Experiment 2 employed a modified version of the hidden-object task in which contrasts presented one true and one false modal statement and 32 five-year-olds, 20 seven-year-olds, 16 nine-year-olds and 20 adults were asked to determine which of two statements was correct. Half the contrasts presented a relatively weaker-sounding modal term in the true statement and the other half presented equally forceful modal terms in the two statements. No age group systematically endorsed a false stronger-sounding modal statement over a true weaker-sounding one. The five-year-olds' rate of correct responding overall was above levels predicted by chance. Mature logical modal understanding was found among seven-year-olds who routinely endorsed a contrast's true modal statement. These findings suggest that deductive inference is an early semantic component of modal terms.

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Ślusarska, K. "Distributive differential modals." Discussiones Mathematicae - General Algebra and Applications 28, no. 1 (2008): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7151/dmgaa.1133.

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Cohen, Ariel. "Generics as Modals." Recherches linguistiques de Vincennes, no. 41 (September 1, 2012): 63–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/rlv.2068.

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Torres–Martínez, Sergio. "Taming English modals." English Today 35, no. 2 (2018): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078418000081.

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In the present paper, I pursue a Construction Grammar (CxG) characterization of English modal auxiliaries (e.g., can-could, must, have (got) to, should, ought to, need to, will-would) that seeks to add to established lexical approaches. It is argued that Construction Grammar (e.g., Goldberg, 1995, 2006; Tomasello, 2003) can successfully account for underlying modality patterns, the understanding of which can lead to distinct gains for both linguistics and second language acquisition research. To that end, some of the tenets of CxG are invoked.

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Deal, Amy Rose. "Modals Without Scales." Language 87, no. 3 (2011): 559–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2011.0060.

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Linnebo, Øystein. "Plurals and modals." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 46, no. 4-5 (2016): 654–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.2015.1132975.

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AbstractConsider one of several things. Is the one thing necessarily one of the several? This key question in the modal logic of plurals is clarified. Some defenses of an affirmative answer are developed and compared. Various remarks are made about the broader philosophical significance of the question.

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Dorr, C., and J. Hawthorne. "Embedding Epistemic Modals." Mind 122, no. 488 (2013): 867–913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mind/fzt091.

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Portner, Paul. "Imperatives and modals." Natural Language Semantics 15, no. 4 (2007): 351–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11050-007-9022-y.

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Brogaard, Brit, and Dimitria Electra Gatzia. "Introduction: Epistemic Modals." Topoi 36, no. 1 (2016): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11245-016-9374-3.

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Nauze, Fabrice. "Multiple modals construction." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 44, no. 2 (2006): 251–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.44.2006.315.

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Modal items of different semantic types can only be combined in a specific order. Epistemic items, for instance, cannot be embedded under deontic ones. I'll argue that this fact cannot be explained by the current semantic theories of modality. A solution to this problem will be developed in an update semantics framework. On the semantic side, a distinction will be drawn between circumstantial information about the world and information about duties, whereas I'll use Nuyts' notion of m-performativity to account for certain use of the modal items.

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Boylan, David. "Miners and modals." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 60 (January 1, 2018): 241–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.60.2018.465.

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I generalise Kolodny and MacFarlane’s miners puzzle by showing epistemic analoguesof their case exist. After motivating various conservative approaches to the originalproblem, I show how they fail to solve the problem in its epistemic guise. I argue that a probabilisticapproach to information-sensitivity gives a general solution to the problem.Keywords: deontic modals, miners puzzle, epistemic ‘should’, probability.

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Resende, Maurício. "morfologia dos modais:." Revista da Anpoll 52, no. 1 (2021): 236–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18309/ranpoll.v52i1.1472.

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Este artigo discute problemas e comportamentos morfológicos dos verbos modais do português brasileiro dever, poder e ter que/de. Visando a contribuir com os estudos sobre modalidade no português, que abordam questões semânticas e sintáticas, este artigo discute propriedades especificamente morfológicas dos verbos modais, como a ausência de certas formas flexionais, a não composicionalidade semântica no pretérito imperfeito, categoria verbal modal versus lexical e a constituência e identidade estrutural de ter que e ter de. Embora algumas questões sejam especulativas e/ou permaneceram embrionárias, o presente artigo propõe uma nova maneira de formular certas questões morfossintáticas e morfossemânticas para o estudo dos modais.

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Dieuleveut, Anouk, Ailis Cournane, and Valentine Hacquard. "Finding the force: a novel word learning experiment with modals." Experiments in Linguistic Meaning 1 (July 30, 2021): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/elm.1.4883.

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This study investigates the semantic and pragmatic challenges of acquiring the force of English modals, which express possibility (e.g., might) and necessity (e.g., must). Children seem to struggle with modal force through at least age 4, over-accepting both possibility modals where adults would prefer necessity modals, and necessity modals in possibility situations. These difficulties are typically blamed on pragmatic or conceptual immaturity. In this study, we sidestep these immaturity issues by investigating the challenges of modal learning through a novel word learning experiment with adults, for different 'flavors' of modals: epistemic (knowledge-based) versus teleological (goal-based), and comparing novel modals with actual English modals. We find that when learning possibility modals, adult learners behave as expected: they accept novel modals in necessity situations, both in epistemic and teleological contexts, but less often after they've learned a pragmatically more appropriate necessity modal. However, when learning necessity modals, participants manage to learn the right force (i.e., reject them in possibility situations) for epistemic scenarios only; with teleological scenarios, they accept them in possibility situations. We propose that an overlap in modal flavor explains their behavior, specifically, the competition with an ability interpretation in teleological but not epistemic scenarios, which could also contribute to children's difficulty with necessity modals reported in the acquisition literature.

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Kakzhanova, Fazira A. "What Modals Are: Modal Verbs, Modal Words, and Auxiliary Modals." European Researcher 61, no. 10-2 (2013): 2530–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.13187/er.2013.61.2530.

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Goldstein, Simon. "Generalized Update Semantics." Mind 128, no. 511 (2019): 795–835. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mind/fzy076.

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Abstract This paper explores the relationship between dynamic and truth conditional semantics for epistemic modals. It provides a generalization of a standard dynamic update semantics for modals. This new semantics derives a Kripke semantics for modals and a standard dynamic semantics for modals as special cases. The semantics allows for new characterizations of a variety of principles in modal logic, including the inconsistency of ‘p and might not p’. Finally, the semantics provides a construction procedure for transforming any truth conditional semantics for modals into a dynamic semantics for modals with similar properties.

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Armstrong, David M. "Vérifacteurs pour des vérités modales." Revue de métaphysique et de morale 36, no. 4 (2002): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rmm.024.0461.

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Solís Sotomayor, Luis Xavier. "Causas modales de la educación." Sophía, no. 17 (December 30, 2014): 62–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17163/soph.n17.2014.03.

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Se realiza un recorrido ontológico sobre el hecho de las cuatro causas de la educación, para dar una respuesta a la finalidad del quehacer educativo.Esto nos proyecta a buscar los verdaderos lineamientos sobre el aspecto antropológico y óntico de la educación como esencia plena del obrar del ser humano y su hecho de trascendencia en el mundo.

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Meeùs, Nicolas. "Fonctions modales et qualités systémiques." Musicae Scientiae 4, no. 1_suppl (2000): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10298649000040s108.

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Frías, A., and A. Godoy. "Razonamiento diagnóstico con conceptos modales." Estudios de Psicología 15, no. 52 (1994): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1174/02109399460578953.

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Boylan, David. "What the Future ‘Might’ Brings." Mind 129, no. 515 (2019): 809–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mind/fzz037.

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Abstract This paper concerns a puzzle about the interaction of epistemic modals and future tense. In cases of predictable forgetfulness, speakers cannot describe their future states of mind with epistemic modals under future tense, but promising theories of epistemic modals do not predict this. In §1, I outline the puzzle. In §2, I argue that it undermines a very general approach to epistemic modals that draws a tight connection between epistemic modality and evidence. In §3, I defend the assumption that tense can indeed scope over epistemic modals. In §4, I outline a new way of determining the domain of quantification of epistemic modals: epistemic modals quantify over the worlds compatible with the information accumulated within a certain interval. Information loss can change which interval is relevant for determining the domain. In §5, I defend the view from some objections. In §6, I explore the connections between my view of epistemic modality and circumstantial modality.

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Silva, Michael Pinheiro da, and Lino Guimarães Marujo. "Análise de modelo intermodal para escoamento da produção da soja no centro oeste brasileiro." Journal of Transport Literature 6, no. 3 (2012): 90–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2238-10312012000300006.

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Assumindo como premissa a integração com outro modal de transporte e como origem a cidade de Sorriso, maior produtora de soja do estado do MT, o modelo matemático de minimização de custo de transporte intermodal origem-destino, foi aplicado. Para tal, utilizou-se o software de otimização GUSEK, que permite a solução de modelos de Programação Linear e Programação Linear Inteira Mista. Seis rotas intermodais foram encontradas e o número de viagens para os portos de destino foram: Santos - SP (26.277.800 viagens/ano -modais: Rodoviário - Ferroviário), Paranaguá - PR (4.865.560 viagens/ano - modais: Rodoviário -Ferroviário), São Francisco do Sul - SC (8.278.890 viagens/ano - modais: Rodoviário - Ferroviário), Vitória - ES (4.062.220 viagens/ano - modais: Rodoviário - Ferroviário), Manaus - AM (7.990.830 viagens/ano - modais: Rodoviário -Hidroviário) e São Luiz - MA (226.667 viagens/ano - modais: Rodoviário -Ferroviário).

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Sučić, Lovro. "El caso de acaso – una partícula modal." Verba: Anuario Galego de Filoloxía 46 (September 9, 2019): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.15304/verba.46.4993.

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Con base en el estudio de caso del lexema acaso, contrastado (Aijmer 2013; Kresić & Batinić 2014) con la partícula croata zar, cuestionamos la inexistencia (Tanghe 2016) de partículas modales en español proponiendo criterios sintácticos y semánticos (Sesar 2005) para su distinción. Partiendo del uso que indica una pérdida de valor proposicional, investigamos la gramaticalización que convierte el sustantivo en una partícula, siendo el adverbio un grado intermedio (Hopper & Closs Traugott 2003). Como corpus comparable usamos traducciones croatas y españolas de la Biblia y la versión española de una novela croata. La comprobación de datos se realiza mediante un análisis intralingüístico, recurriendo a los córpora sincrónico (CORPES) y diacrónico (CORDE). Asumiendo la continuidad entre las categorías de los marcadores, modales y del discurso (Cuenca 2013), identificamos los rasgos prototípicos de las partículas. En el análisis interlingüístico nos centramos en la correspondencia del valor ilocutivo entre acaso y zar en croata y en el intralingüístico comprobamos los rasgos sintácticos y funcionales (la dependencia sintáctica, la distribución y el valor ilocutivo) que permiten distinguir las partículas modales de los adverbios modales por un lado y de los operadores modales por el otro.

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Oktavianti, Ikmi Nur. "Necessity and Obligation Modals in English Academic Discourse: A Corpus-Based Analysis." IJELTAL (Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics) 4, no. 1 (2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21093/ijeltal.v4i1.312.

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Modals are linguistic units that seem to be ubiquitous in nearly all genres and text categories. However, there are some tendencies in which some modals are more likely to occur in a particular text category than the others. It is said that modals are less frequent in academic texts compared to fiction and news. This paper then aims at describing the modals, focusing to those expressing necessity/obligation, by using corpus-based analysis. This study uses a general reference corpus, Corpus of Contemporary American English, and compiled the data from the academic subcorpus. The results show that statistically the usage frequency of necessity and obligation modals is negligible; however, no matter how small it is, it still purports to mark something. Among the modals in the same category there are some tendencies, e.g. modal should is the most frequent of all, followed by must, have to, shall, be supposed to, and have got to. The collocate analysis focuses on should and must and found out that the most frequent verb type following these two modals belong to thinking verbs (e.g., consider, learn, understand). However the most frequent modal constructions are should have and must have enabling a slightly different interpretation. Besides, due to the nature of language in an academic setting, it is thus predictable that the use of the core modals (e.g., should, must) is more frequent than the quasi-modals (e.g., have to).

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Perini, Giovana. "Verbos modais em textos jornalísticos: um estudo comparativo entre inglês e português." Revele: Revista Virtual dos Estudantes de Letras 7 (June 30, 2014): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/2317-4242.7.0.140-150.

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Esta pesquisa pretende discutir o uso padrão dos modais da língua inglesa em comparação a seus equivalentes traduzidos para a língua portuguesa. Para isso, este trabalho analisou dez crônicas retiradas da mídia impressa Americana, traduzidas e publicadas, no Brasil, pelo jornal Estadão. Com base na análise do banco de dados construído pelas crônicas, foi discutido o uso dos modais em português, de acordo com sua correspondência nos textos originais em inglês. Os resultados mostram que existe uma tendência à padronização dos verbos modais na tradução para o português, ligada ao sistema de modais em Português, que difere do sistema de modais em Inglês em alguns aspectos.

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