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Journal articles on the topic 'Model of intermediate complexity'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 June 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Edwards, Neil R., David Cameron, and Jonathan Rougier. "Precalibrating an intermediate complexity climate model." Climate Dynamics 37, no. 7-8 (2010): 1469–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-010-0921-0.

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Gutmann, Ethan, Idar Barstad, Martyn Clark, Jeffrey Arnold, and Roy Rasmussen. "The Intermediate Complexity Atmospheric Research Model (ICAR)." Journal of Hydrometeorology 17, no. 3 (2016): 957–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-15-0155.1.

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Abstract With limited computational resources, there is a need for computationally frugal models. This is particularly the case for atmospheric sciences, which have long relied on either simplistic analytical solutions or computationally expensive numerical models. The simpler solutions are inadequate for many problems, while the cost of numerical models makes their use impossible for many problems, most notably high-resolution climate downscaling applications spanning large areas, long time periods, and many global climate projections. Here the Intermediate Complexity Atmospheric Research mod

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Roy, Manojit, Karin Harding, and Robert D. Holt. "Generalizing Levins metapopulation model in explicit space: Models of intermediate complexity." Journal of Theoretical Biology 255, no. 1 (2008): 152–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2008.07.022.

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4

Holden, P. B., N. R. Edwards, K. Fraedrich, E. Kirk, F. Lunkeit, and X. Zhu. "PLASIM-GENIE: a new intermediate complexity AOGCM." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 8, no. 12 (2015): 10677–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-8-10677-2015.

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Abstract. We describe the development, tuning and climate of PLASIM-GENIE, a new intermediate complexity Atmosphere–Ocean Global Climate Model (AOGCM), built by coupling the Planet Simulator to the GENIE earth system model. PLASIM-GENIE supersedes "GENIE-2", a coupling of GENIE to the Reading IGCM. It has been developed to join the limited number of models that bridge the gap between EMICS with simplified atmospheric dynamics and state of the art AOGCMs. A 1000 year simulation with PLASIM-GENIE requires approximately two weeks on a single node of a 2.1 GHz AMD 6172 CPU. An important motivation

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Lehmann, B., D. Gyalistras, M. Gwerder, K. Wirth, and S. Carl. "Intermediate complexity model for Model Predictive Control of Integrated Room Automation." Energy and Buildings 58 (March 2013): 250–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.12.007.

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6

Gushchina, D. Yu, B. Dewitte, and S. A. Korkmazova. "Intraseasonal tropical variability in an intermediate complexity atmospheric model." Russian Meteorology and Hydrology 35, no. 4 (2010): 237–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068373910040011.

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Holden, Philip B., Neil R. Edwards, Klaus Fraedrich, Edilbert Kirk, Frank Lunkeit, and Xiuhua Zhu. "PLASIM–GENIE v1.0: a new intermediate complexity AOGCM." Geoscientific Model Development 9, no. 9 (2016): 3347–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-3347-2016.

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Abstract. We describe the development, tuning and climate of Planet Simulator (PLASIM)–Grid-ENabled Integrated Earth system model (GENIE), a new intermediate complexity Atmosphere–Ocean General Circulation Model (AOGCM), built by coupling the Planet Simulator to the ocean, sea-ice and land-surface components of the GENIE Earth system model. PLASIM–GENIE supersedes GENIE-2, a coupling of GENIE to the Reading Intermediate General Circulation Model (IGCM). The primitive-equation atmosphere includes chaotic, three-dimensional (3-D) motion and interactive radiation and clouds, and dominates the com

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Perry, Joe N. "Host-Parasitoid Models of Intermediate Complexity." American Naturalist 130, no. 6 (1987): 955–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/284759.

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Moore, J. Keith, Scott C. Doney, Joanie A. Kleypas, David M. Glover, and Inez Y. Fung. "An intermediate complexity marine ecosystem model for the global domain." Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 49, no. 1-3 (2001): 403–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0967-0645(01)00108-4.

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10

Ehrendorfer, Martin, and Ronald M. Errico. "An atmospheric model of intermediate complexity for data assimilation studies." Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 134, no. 636 (2008): 1717–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.329.

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11

Saffin, Leo, Sam Hatfield, Peter Düben, and Tim Palmer. "Reduced‐precision parametrization: lessons from an intermediate‐complexity atmospheric model." Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 146, no. 729 (2020): 1590–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.3754.

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12

Molteni, Franco, Fred Kucharski, and Riccardo Farneti. "Multi-decadal pacemaker simulations with an intermediate-complexity climate model." Weather and Climate Dynamics 5, no. 1 (2024): 293–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wcd-5-293-2024.

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Abstract. In this paper, we first describe the main features of a new version of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics global atmospheric model (SPEEDY) with improved simulation of surface fluxes and the formulation of a three-layer thermodynamic ocean model (TOM3) suitable to explore the coupled extratropical response to tropical ocean variability. Then, we present results on the atmospheric model climatology, highlighting the impact of the modifications introduced in the model code, and show how important features of interdecadal and interannual variability are simulated in a “pac

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13

Ganopolski, A., V. Petoukhov, S. Rahmstorf, et al. "CLIMBER-2: a climate system model of intermediate complexity. Part II: model sensitivity." Climate Dynamics 17, no. 10 (2001): 735–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003820000144.

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14

Bellon, Gilles, and Adam Sobel. "Poleward-Propagating Intraseasonal Monsoon Disturbances in an Intermediate-Complexity Axisymmetric Model." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 65, no. 2 (2008): 470–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jas2339.1.

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Abstract A model of intermediate complexity based on quasi-equilibrium theory—a version of the quasi-equilibrium tropical circulation model with a prognostic atmospheric boundary layer, as well as two free-tropospheric modes in momentum, and one each in moisture and temperature—is used in a zonally symmetric aquaplanet configuration to simulate aspects of the South Asian monsoon and its variability. Key qualitative features of both the mean state and the 30–60-day mode of the intraseasonal variability are simulated satisfactorily. The model has two limit cycles of similar period and structure

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15

Stone, P. H., and M. S. Yao. "The ice-covered Earth instability in a model of intermediate complexity." Climate Dynamics 22, no. 8 (2004): 815–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-004-0408-y.

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16

Hannah, Charles, Alain Vezina, and John Mike St. "The case for marine ecosystem models of intermediate complexity." Progress in oceanography 84, no. 1-2 (2010): 121–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2009.09.015.

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Marine ecosystem models are reasonably proficient at simulating physically-driven features such as spring blooms. However, the demands on these models are shifting to complex biological issues such as functional diversity, and changes in ecosystems and their services such as exploited fish stocks and carbon sequestration. Current ecosystem models generally use a food web structure reduced to its bare essentials. A consequence of the simplified structure is that they are specialized to a particular time, place and ecosystem state and thereby have limited ability to evolve into a substantially d

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Ullman, David J., and Andreas Schmittner. "A cloud feedback emulator (CFE, version 1.0) for an intermediate complexity model." Geoscientific Model Development 10, no. 2 (2017): 945–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-945-2017.

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Abstract. The dominant source of inter-model differences in comprehensive global climate models (GCMs) are cloud radiative effects on Earth's energy budget. Intermediate complexity models, while able to run more efficiently, often lack cloud feedbacks. Here, we describe and evaluate a method for applying GCM-derived shortwave and longwave cloud feedbacks from 4 × CO2 and Last Glacial Maximum experiments to the University of Victoria Earth System Climate Model. The method generally captures the spread in top-of-the-atmosphere radiative feedbacks between the original GCMs, which impacts the magn

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18

Goosse, H., V. Brovkin, T. Fichefet, et al. "Description of the Earth system model of intermediate complexity LOVECLIM version 1.2." Geoscientific Model Development 3, no. 2 (2010): 603–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-3-603-2010.

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Abstract. The main characteristics of the new version 1.2 of the three-dimensional Earth system model of intermediate complexity LOVECLIM are briefly described. LOVECLIM 1.2 includes representations of the atmosphere, the ocean and sea ice, the land surface (including vegetation), the ice sheets, the icebergs and the carbon cycle. The atmospheric component is ECBilt2, a T21, 3-level quasi-geostrophic model. The ocean component is CLIO3, which consists of an ocean general circulation model coupled to a comprehensive thermodynamic-dynamic sea-ice model. Its horizontal resolution is of 3° by 3°,

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Goosse, H., V. Brovkin, T. Fichefet, et al. "Description of the Earth system model of intermediate complexity LOVECLIM version 1.2." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 3, no. 1 (2010): 309–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-3-309-2010.

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Abstract. The main characteristics of the new version 1.2 of the three-dimensional Earth system model of intermediate complexity LOVECLIM are briefly described. LOVECLIM 1.2 includes representations of the atmosphere, the ocean and sea ice, the land surface (including vegetation), the ice sheets, the icebergs and the carbon cycle. The atmospheric component is ECBilt2, a T21, 3-level quasi-geostrophic model. The oceanic component is CLIO3, which is made up of an ocean general circulation model coupled to a comprehensive thermodynamic-dynamic sea-ice model. Its horizontal resolution is 3° by 3°,

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20

Weber, S. L., and J. Oerlemans. "Holocene glacier variability: three case studies using an intermediate-complexity climate model." Holocene 13, no. 3 (2003): 353–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0959683603hl628rp.

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21

Babanin, Alexander V., Andrey Ganopolski, and William R. C. Phillips. "Wave-induced upper-ocean mixing in a climate model of intermediate complexity." Ocean Modelling 29, no. 3 (2009): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2009.04.003.

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22

Bellon, Gilles, and Adam H. Sobel. "Multiple Equilibria of the Hadley Circulation in an Intermediate-Complexity Axisymmetric Model." Journal of Climate 23, no. 7 (2010): 1760–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jcli3105.1.

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Abstract A model of intermediate complexity based on quasi-equilibrium theory—a version of the Quasi-Equilibrium Tropical Circulation Model with a prognostic atmospheric boundary layer, as well as two free-tropospheric modes in momentum, and one each in moisture and temperature—is used in a zonally symmetric aquaplanet configuration to study the sensitivity of the Hadley circulation to the sea surface temperature (SST) latitudinal distribution. For equatorially symmetric SST forcing with large SST gradients in the tropics, the model simulates the classical double Hadley cell with one equatoria

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23

Eby, M., A. J. Weaver, K. Alexander, et al. "Historical and idealized climate model experiments: an intercomparison of Earth system models of intermediate complexity." Climate of the Past 9, no. 3 (2013): 1111–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1111-2013.

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Abstract. Both historical and idealized climate model experiments are performed with a variety of Earth system models of intermediate complexity (EMICs) as part of a community contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report. Historical simulations start at 850 CE and continue through to 2005. The standard simulations include changes in forcing from solar luminosity, Earth's orbital configuration, CO2, additional greenhouse gases, land use, and sulphate and volcanic aerosols. In spite of very different modelled pre-industrial global surface air temperatures

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24

Herein, Mátyás, János Márfy, Gábor Drótos, and Tamás Tél. "Probabilistic Concepts in Intermediate-Complexity Climate Models: A Snapshot Attractor Picture." Journal of Climate 29, no. 1 (2015): 259–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0353.1.

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Abstract A time series resulting from a single initial condition is shown to be insufficient for quantifying the internal variability in a climate model, and thus one is unable to make meaningful climate projections based on it. The authors argue that the natural distribution, obtained from an ensemble of trajectories differing solely in their initial conditions, of the snapshot attractor corresponding to a particular forcing scenario should be determined in order to quantify internal variability and to characterize any instantaneous state of the system in the future. Furthermore, as a simple

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25

Quéno, Louis, Rebecca Mott, Paul Morin, Bertrand Cluzet, Giulia Mazzotti, and Tobias Jonas. "Snow redistribution in an intermediate-complexity snow hydrology modelling framework." Cryosphere 18, no. 8 (2024): 3533–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3533-2024.

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Abstract. Snow hydrological regimes in mountainous catchments are strongly influenced by snowpack heterogeneity resulting from wind- and gravity-induced redistribution processes, requiring them to be modelled at hectometre and finer resolutions. This study presents a novel modelling approach to address this issue, aiming at an intermediate-complexity solution to best represent these processes while maintaining operationally viable computational times. To this end, the physics-based snowpack model FSM2oshd was complemented by integrating the modules SnowTran-3D and SnowSlide to represent wind-

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26

Farneti, R., and G. K. Vallis. "An Intermediate Complexity Climate Model (ICCMp1) based on the GFDL flexible modelling system." Geoscientific Model Development 2, no. 2 (2009): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2-73-2009.

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Abstract. An intermediate complexity coupled ocean-atmosphere-land-ice model, based on the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) Flexible Modelling System (FMS), has been developed to study mechanisms of ocean-atmosphere interactions and natural climate variability at interannual to interdecadal and longer time scales. The model uses the three-dimensional primitive equations for both ocean and atmosphere but is simplified from a "state of the art" coupled model by using simplified atmospheric physics and parameterisation schemes. These simplifications provide considerable savings in com

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27

Farneti, R., and G. K. Vallis. "An Intermediate Complexity Climate Model (ICCM) based on the GFDL Flexible Modelling System." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 2, no. 1 (2009): 341–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-2-341-2009.

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Abstract. An intermediate complexity coupled ocean-atmosphere-land-ice model, based on the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) Flexible Modelling System (FMS), has been developed to study mechanisms of ocean-atmosphere interactions and natural climate variability at interannual to interdecadal and longer time scales. The model uses the three-dimensional primitive equations for both ocean and atmosphere, but is simplified from a "state of the art" coupled model in two respects: it uses simplified physics and parameterisation schemes, especially in the atmosphere, and idealised geometry

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28

Hannah, Charles, Alain Vezina, and Mike St John. "The case for marine ecosystem models of intermediate complexity." Progress in Oceanography 84, no. 1-2 (2010): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2009.09.015.

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29

Horak, Johannes, Marlis Hofer, Ethan Gutmann, Alexander Gohm, and Mathias W. Rotach. "A process-based evaluation of the Intermediate Complexity Atmospheric Research Model (ICAR) 1.0.1." Geoscientific Model Development 14, no. 3 (2021): 1657–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-1657-2021.

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Abstract. The evaluation of models in general is a nontrivial task and can, due to epistemological and practical reasons, never be considered complete. Due to this incompleteness, a model may yield correct results for the wrong reasons, i.e., via a different chain of processes than found in observations. While guidelines and strategies exist in the atmospheric sciences to maximize the chances that models are correct for the right reasons, these are mostly applicable to full physics models, such as numerical weather prediction models. The Intermediate Complexity Atmospheric Research (ICAR) mode

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30

Frederiksen, Carsten Segerlund, Jorgen S. Frederiksen, and Ramesh C. Balgovind. "Dynamic variability and seasonal predictability in an intermediate complexity coupled ocean-atmosphere model." ANZIAM Journal 54 (May 12, 2013): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21914/anziamj.v54i0.6296.

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31

Huntingford, C., B. B. B. Booth, S. Sitch, et al. "IMOGEN: an intermediate complexity model to evaluate terrestrial impacts of a changing climate." Geoscientific Model Development 3, no. 2 (2010): 679–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-3-679-2010.

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Abstract. We present a computationally efficient modelling system, IMOGEN, designed to undertake global and regional assessment of climate change impacts on the physical and biogeochemical behaviour of the land surface. A pattern-scaling approach to climate change drives a gridded land surface and vegetation model MOSES/TRIFFID. The structure allows extrapolation of General Circulation Model (GCM) simulations to different future pathways of greenhouse gases, including rapid first-order assessments of how the land surface and associated biogeochemical cycles might change. Evaluation of how new

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Yool, A., E. E. Popova, and T. R. Anderson. "Medusa-1.0: a new intermediate complexity plankton ecosystem model for the global domain." Geoscientific Model Development 4, no. 2 (2011): 381–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-381-2011.

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Abstract. The ongoing, anthropogenically-driven changes to the global ocean are expected to have significant consequences for plankton ecosystems in the future. Because of the role that plankton play in the ocean's "biological pump", changes in abundance, distribution and productivity will likely have additional consequences for the wider carbon cycle. Just as in the terrestrial biosphere, marine ecosystems exhibit marked diversity in species and functional types of organisms. Predicting potential change in plankton ecosystems therefore requires the use of models that are suited to this divers

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33

Willeit, Matteo, and Andrey Ganopolski. "PALADYN v1.0, a comprehensive land surface–vegetation–carbon cycle model of intermediate complexity." Geoscientific Model Development 9, no. 10 (2016): 3817–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-3817-2016.

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Abstract. PALADYN is presented; it is a new comprehensive and computationally efficient land surface–vegetation–carbon cycle model designed to be used in Earth system models of intermediate complexity for long-term simulations and paleoclimate studies. The model treats in a consistent manner the interaction between atmosphere, terrestrial vegetation and soil through the fluxes of energy, water and carbon. Energy, water and carbon are conserved. PALADYN explicitly treats permafrost, both in physical processes and as an important carbon pool. It distinguishes nine surface types: five different v

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34

Huntingford, C., B. B. B. Booth, S. Sitch, et al. "IMOGEN: an intermediate complexity model to evaluate terrestrial impacts of a changing climate." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 3, no. 3 (2010): 1161–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-3-1161-2010.

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Abstract. We present a computationally efficient modelling system, IMOGEN, designed to undertake global and regional assessment of climate change impacts on the physical and biogeochemical behaviour of the land surface. A pattern-scaling approach to climate change drives a gridded land surface and vegetation model MOSES/TRIFFID. The structure allows extrapolation of General Circulation Model (GCM) simulations to different future pathways of greenhouse gases, including rapid first-order assessments of how the land surface and associated biogeochemical cycles might change. Evaluation of how new

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35

Ganopolski, Audrey, R. Calov, E. Bauer, and V. Brovkin. "An earth system model of intermediate complexity for studies of Quaternary climate variability." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 6, no. 5 (2009): 052015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1307/6/5/052015.

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36

Zaplotnik, Žiga, Nedjeljka Žagar, and Nils Gustafsson. "An intermediate-complexity model for four-dimensional variational data assimilation including moist processes." Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 144, no. 715 (2018): 1772–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.3338.

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37

Adloff, Markus, Frerk Pöppelmeier, Aurich Jeltsch-Thömmes, Thomas F. Stocker, and Fortunat Joos. "Multiple thermal Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation thresholds in the intermediate complexity model Bern3D." Climate of the Past 20, no. 6 (2024): 1233–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1233-2024.

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Abstract. Variations in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) are associated with Northern Hemispheric and global climate shifts. Thermal thresholds of the AMOC have been found in a hierarchy of numerical circulation models, and there is an increasing body of evidence for the existence of highly sensitive AMOC modes where small perturbations can cause disproportionately large circulation and hence climatic changes. We discovered such thresholds in simulations with the intermediate-complexity Earth system model Bern3D, which is highly computationally efficient, allowing for stu

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38

Ramesh, Nandini, and Mark A. Cane. "The Predictability of Tropical Pacific Decadal Variability: Insights from Attractor Reconstruction." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 76, no. 3 (2019): 801–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-18-0114.1.

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Abstract Tropical Pacific decadal variability (TPDV), though not the totality of Pacific decadal variability, has wide-ranging climatic impacts. It is currently unclear whether this phenomenon is predictable. In this study, we reconstruct the attractor of the tropical Pacific system in long, unforced simulations from an intermediate-complexity model, two general circulation models (GCMs), and the observations with the aim of assessing the predictability of TPDV in these systems. We find that in the intermediate-complexity model, positive (high variance, El Niño–like) and negative (low variance

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39

Alter, George. "Reflections on the Intermediate Data Structure (IDS)." Historical Life Course Studies 10 (March 31, 2021): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.51964/hlcs9570.

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The Intermediate Data Structure (IDS) encourages sharing historical life course data by storing data in a common format. To encompass the complexity of life histories, IDS relies on data structures that are unfamiliar to most social scientists. This article examines four features of IDS that make it flexible and expandable: the Entity-Attribute-Value model, the relational database model, embedded metadata, and the Chronicle file. I also consider IDS from the perspective of current discussions about sharing data across scientific domains. We can find parallels to IDS in other fields that may le

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40

Baranowski, L., B. Gadomski, P. Majewski, and J. Szymonik. "Explicit “ballistic M-model”: a refinement of the implicit “modified point mass trajectory model”." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 64, no. 1 (2016): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bpasts-2016-0010.

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Abstract Various models of a projectile in a resisting medium are used. Some are very simple, like the “point mass trajectory model”, others, like the “rigid body trajectory model”, are complex and hard to use, especially in Fire Control Systems due to the fact of numeric complexity and an excess of less important corrections. There exist intermediate ones - e.g. the “modified point mass trajectory model”, which unfortunately is given by an implicitly defined differential equation as Sec. 1 discusses. The main objective of this paper is to present a way to reformulate the model obtaining an ea

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41

Sriver, Ryan L., Axel Timmermann, Michael E. Mann, Klaus Keller, and Hugues Goosse. "Improved Representation of Tropical Pacific Ocean–Atmosphere Dynamics in an Intermediate Complexity Climate Model." Journal of Climate 27, no. 1 (2014): 168–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00849.1.

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Abstract A new anomaly coupling technique is introduced into a coarse-resolution dynamic climate model [the Liège Ocean Carbon Heteronomous model (LOCH)–Vegetation Continuous Description model (VECODE)–Earth System Models of Intermediate Complexity Climate deBilt (ECBILT)–Coupled Large-Scale Ice–Ocean model (CLIO)–Antarctic and Greenland Ice Sheet Model (AGISM) ensemble (LOVECLIM)], improving the model’s representation of eastern equatorial Pacific surface temperature variability. The anomaly coupling amplifies the surface diabatic atmospheric forcing within a Gaussian-shaped patch applied in

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42

Goosse, H., F. M. Selten, R. J. Haarsma, and J. D. Opsteegh. "Decadal variability in high northern latitudes as simulated by an intermediate-complexity climate model." Annals of Glaciology 33 (2001): 525–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756401781818482.

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AbstractA 2500 year integration has been performed with a global coupled atmospheric-sea-ice-ocean model of intermediate complexity with the main objective of studying the climate variability in polar regions on decadal time-scales and longer. The atmospheric component is the ECBILT model, a spectral T21 three-level quasi-geostrophic model that includes a representation of horizontal and vertical heat transfers as well as of the hydrological cycle. ECBILT is coupled to the CLIO model, which consists of a primitive-equation free-surface ocean general circulation model and a dynamic-thermodynami

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43

Li, F., X. D. Zeng, and S. Levis. "A process-based fire parameterization of intermediate complexity in a Dynamic Global Vegetation Model." Biogeosciences Discussions 9, no. 3 (2012): 3233–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-3233-2012.

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Abstract. A process-based fire parameterization of intermediate complexity has been developed for global simulations in the framework of a Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (DGVM) in an Earth System Model (ESM). Burned area in a grid cell is estimated by the product of fire counts and average burned area per fire. The scheme comprises three parts: fire occurrence, fire spread, and fire impact. In the fire occurrence part, fire counts rather than fire occurrence probability is calculated in order to capture the observed high burned area fraction in regions where fire occurs frequently. In the fir

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Li, F., X. D. Zeng, and S. Levis. "A process-based fire parameterization of intermediate complexity in a Dynamic Global Vegetation Model." Biogeosciences 9, no. 7 (2012): 2761–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-2761-2012.

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Abstract. A process-based fire parameterization of intermediate complexity has been developed for global simulations in the framework of a Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (DGVM) in an Earth System Model (ESM). Burned area in a grid cell is estimated by the product of fire counts and average burned area of a fire. The scheme comprises three parts: fire occurrence, fire spread, and fire impact. In the fire occurrence part, fire counts rather than fire occurrence probability are calculated in order to capture the observed high burned area fraction in areas of high fire frequency and realize param

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Ganopolski, Andrey, Stefan Rahmstorf, Vladimir Petoukhov, and Martin Claussen. "Simulation of modern and glacial climates with a coupled global model of intermediate complexity." Nature 391, no. 6665 (1998): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/34839.

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Annan, J. D., J. C. Hargreaves, N. R. Edwards, and R. Marsh. "Parameter estimation in an intermediate complexity earth system model using an ensemble Kalman filter." Ocean Modelling 8, no. 1-2 (2005): 135–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2003.12.004.

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Lammers, Roderick W., and Brian P. Bledsoe. "A network scale, intermediate complexity model for simulating channel evolution over years to decades." Journal of Hydrology 566 (November 2018): 886–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.09.036.

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Weber, S. L. "The impact of orbital forcing on the climate of an intermediate-complexity coupled model." Global and Planetary Change 30, no. 1-2 (2001): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-8181(01)00077-7.

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Schoenemann, Spruce W., and Eric J. Steig. "Seasonal and spatial variations of17Oexcessanddexcessin Antarctic precipitation: Insights from an intermediate complexity isotope model." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 121, no. 19 (2016): 11,215–11,247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016jd025117.

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Wang, Tao, Catherine Ottlé, Aaron Boone, et al. "Evaluation of an improved intermediate complexity snow scheme in the ORCHIDEE land surface model." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 118, no. 12 (2013): 6064–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50395.

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