Relevant bibliographies by topics / Model of reduced forms

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Academic literature on the topic 'Model of reduced forms'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 May 2022
Last updated: 29 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Model of reduced forms"

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Majda, A. J., C. Franzke, and D. Crommelin. "Normal forms for reduced stochastic climate models." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106, no. 10 (February 19, 2009): 3649–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0900173106.

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Ahuja, Sanjeev, and Raj Kumar Arya. "Comparison of the Performances of Different Reduced Forms of a Condenser Model." Chemical Engineering & Technology 40, no. 9 (June 20, 2017): 1630–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201600114.

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Lang, Zhe, and Yunpeng Zhang. "Parameter identification and performance estimation for PV modules based on reduced forms model." Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy 12, no. 5 (September 2020): 053703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0019511.

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Abdelkaher Ait Abdelouahad, Mohammed El Hassouni, Hocine Cherifi, and Driss Aboutajdine. "A Reduced Reference Image Quality Measure Using Bessel K Forms Model for Tetrolet Coefficients." Journal of Convergence Information Technology 6, no. 11 (November 30, 2011): 216–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4156/jcit.vol6.issue11.25.

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Clayards, Meghan. "Using probability distributions to account for recognition of canonical and reduced word forms." LSA Annual Meeting Extended Abstracts 1 (May 2, 2010): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/exabs.v0i0.529.

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The frequency of a word form influences how efficiently it is processed, but canonical forms often show an advantage over reduced forms even when the reduced form is more frequent. This paper addresses this paradox by considering a model in which representations of lexical items consist of a distribution over forms. Optimal inference given these distributions accounts for item based differences in recognition of phonological variants and canonical form advantage.
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SHIL'NIKOV, A. L., L. P. SHIL'NIKOV, and D. V. TURAEV. "NORMAL FORMS AND LORENZ ATTRACTORS." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 03, no. 05 (October 1993): 1123–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127493000933.

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Normal forms for eleven cases of bifurcations of codimension-3 are considered, basically, in systems with a symmetry, which can be reduced to one of the two three-dimensional systems. The first system is the well-known Lorenz model in a special notation, the second is the Shimizu-Morioka model. In contrast with two-dimensional normal forms which admit, in principle, a complete theoretical study, in three-dimensional systems such analysis is practically impossible, except for particular parameter values when a system is close to an integrable system. Therefore, the main method of the investigation is qualitatively-numerical. In that sense, a description of principal bifurcations which lead to the appearance of the Lorenz attractor is given for the models above, and the boundaries of the regions of the existence of this attractor are selected. We pay special attention to bifurcation points corresponding to a formation of a homoclinic figure-8 of a saddle with zero saddle value and that of a homoclinic figure-8 with zero separatrix value. In L. P. Shil'nikov [1981], it was established that these points belong to the boundary of the existence of the Lorenz attractor. In the present paper, the bifurcation diagrams near such points for the symmetric case are given and a new criterion of existence of the nonorientable Lorenz is also suggested.
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Haywood, Annika F. M., and Brian E. Staveley. "Mutant α-synuclein-induced degeneration is reduced by parkin in a fly model of Parkinson's disease." Genome 49, no. 5 (May 1, 2006): 505–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g06-011.

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Parkinson's disease (PD) patients show a characteristic loss of motor control caused by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Mutations in the genes that encode α-synuclein and parkin have been linked to inherited forms of this disease. The parkin protein functions as a ubiquitin ligase that targets proteins for degradation. Expression of isoforms of human α-synuclein in the Drosophila melanogaster nervous system forms the basis of an excellent genetic model that recapitulates phenotypic and behavioural features of PD. Using this model, we analysed the effect of parkin co-expression on the climbing ability of aging flies, their life span, and their retinal degeneration. We have determined that co-expression of parkin can suppress phenotypes caused by expression of mutant α-synuclein. In the developing eye, parkin reduces retinal degeneration. When co-expressed in the dopaminergic neurons, the ability to climb is extended over time. If conserved in humans, we suggest that upregulation of parkin may prove a method of suppression for PD induced by mutant forms of α-synuclein.Key words: parkin, α-synuclein, Drosophila melanogaster, model of Parkinson's disease.
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Ahmed, Shady E., Omer San, Kursat Kara, Rami Younis, and Adil Rasheed. "Multifidelity computing for coupling full and reduced order models." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 11, 2021): e0246092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246092.

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Hybrid physics-machine learning models are increasingly being used in simulations of transport processes. Many complex multiphysics systems relevant to scientific and engineering applications include multiple spatiotemporal scales and comprise a multifidelity problem sharing an interface between various formulations or heterogeneous computational entities. To this end, we present a robust hybrid analysis and modeling approach combining a physics-based full order model (FOM) and a data-driven reduced order model (ROM) to form the building blocks of an integrated approach among mixed fidelity descriptions toward predictive digital twin technologies. At the interface, we introduce a long short-term memory network to bridge these high and low-fidelity models in various forms of interfacial error correction or prolongation. The proposed interface learning approaches are tested as a new way to address ROM-FOM coupling problems solving nonlinear advection-diffusion flow situations with a bifidelity setup that captures the essence of a broad class of transport processes.
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Eti, Can Mehmet, Yusuf Vayιsoǧlu, Berkan Kardaş, Rabia Bozdoǧan Arpacι, Elif Sahin Horasan, Arzu Kanιk, Neslihan Eti, Serap Yalιn, and Derya Ümit Talas. "Histopathologic Evaluation of Ecballium Elaterium Applied Nasal Mucosa in Rat Rhinosinusitis Model." Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 97, no. 6 (June 2018): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014556131809700616.

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This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of Ecballium Elaterium (E.E) that is topically applied for treatment of rhinosinusitis as a traditional medicine. Pure and extract forms of E.E are applied to the nasal cavity of rats for rhinosinusitis. Nasal mucosa, soft palate and trachea of rats were harvested in the first hour, 3rd day and 3rd week for histopathological evaluation. This experimental study revealed antiinflammatory effects of E.E. It has also been shown that E.E reduced fibrosis. The antiinflammatory effect of all forms of E.E has been found to be at their maximum level in the 3rd day with a decreasing manner to 3rd week. Additionally, pure form of E.E caused severe epithelial loss in hyperacute stage. E.E also reduced fibrosis besides its antiinflammatory effect. The action mechanism of antiinflammatory effect of different levels of extract forms need to be further analysed through related enzymatic pathways by different dose and time studies.
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Mizuta, Genta, and Akira Masuda. "An Application of a Diffusive Reduced-Gravity Model to Deep Circulation above Various Forms of Bottom Topography." Journal of Physical Oceanography 33, no. 2 (February 2003): 451–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(2003)033<0451:aaoadr>2.0.co;2.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Model of reduced forms"

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Rabin, Gregory S. "A reduced-form statistical climate model suitable for coupling with economic emissions projections." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41672.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 36-37).
In this work, we use models based on past data and scientific analysis to determine possible future states of the environment. We attempt to improve the equations for temperature and greenhouse gas concentration used in conjunction with the MIT Emissions Prediction and Policy Analysis (EPPA) model or for independent climate analysis based on results from the more complex MIT Integrated Global Systems Model (IGSM). The functions we generate should allow a software system to approximate the environmental variables from the policy inputs in a matter of seconds. At the same time, the estimates should be close enough to the exact values given by the IGSM to be considered meaningful.
by Gregory S. Rabin.
M.Eng.
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Oguz, Hatice Dilek. "Pricing Us Corporate Bonds By Jarrow/turnbull (1995) Model." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12611174/index.pdf.

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In this study Jarrow Turnbull (1995) Model, which is a reduced form approach for credit risk models, is employed to estimate the default intensity of US corporate bonds conditionally based on a fixed recovery rate. The estimations are performed with respect to the ratings of the bonds and the results were consistent with the ratings. US Treasury Bills are also used to since zero coupon default free prices, modeled by Svensson (1994) are necessary for pricing the default risky coupon bonds.
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Zhang, Wenxian. "Direct sensitivity techniques in regional air quality models: development and application." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52941.

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Sensitivity analysis based on a chemical transport model (CTM) serves as an important approach towards better understanding the relationship between trace contaminant levels in the atmosphere and emissions, chemical and physical processes. Previous studies on ozone control identified the high-order Decoupled Direct Method (HDDM) as an efficient tool to conduct sensitivity analysis. Given the growing recognition of the adverse health effects of fine particulate matter (i.e., particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5)), this dissertation presents the development of a HDDM sensitivity technique for particulate matter and its implementation it in a widely used CTM, CMAQ. Compared to previous studies, two new features of the implementation are 1) including sensitivities of aerosol water content and activity coefficients, and 2) tracking the chemical regimes of the embedded thermodynamic model. The new features provide more accurate sensitivities especially for nitrate and ammonium. Results compare well with brute force sensitivities and are shown to be more stable and computationally efficient. Next, this dissertation explores the applications of HDDM. Source apportionment analysis for the Houston region in September 2006 indicates that nonlinear responses accounted for 3.5% to 33.7% of daily average PM2.5, and that PM2.5 formed rapidly during night especially in the presence of abundant ozone and under stagnant conditions. Uncertainty analysis based on the HDDM found that on average, uncertainties in the emissions rates led to 36% uncertainty in simulated daily average PM2.5 and could explain much, but not all, of the difference between simulated and observed PM2.5 concentrations at two observations sites. HDDM is then applied to assess the impact of flare VOC emissions with temporally variable combustion efficiency. Detailed study of flare emissions using the 2006 Texas special inventory indicates that daily maximum 8-hour ozone at a monitoring site can increase by 2.9 ppb when combustion is significantly decreased. The last application in this dissertation integrates the reduced form model into an electricity generation planning model, and enables representation of geospatial dependence of air quality-related health costs in the optimization process to seek the least cost planning for power generation. The integrated model can provide useful advice on selecting fuel types and locations for power plants.
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Shen, Yichang. "Reduced-order models for geometrically nonlinear vibrations of thin structures." Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021IPPAE012.

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Lorsqu'elles vibrent avec de grandes amplitudes, les structures minces montrent un comportement non linéaire géométrique, provenant de la relation non linéaire entre les déformations et les déplacements. Les analyses des systèmes complets font appel à des calculs extrêmement couteux de telle sorte que l'établissement de modèles d'ordre réduit efficaces est un sujet d'intérêt majeur pour le calcul prédictif de vibrations de structures minces.Dans cette thèse, des méthodes non linéaires de réduction de modèle pour les structures discrétisées par la méthode des éléments finis et comportant une non-linéarité géométrique, sont étudiées. Trois méthodes non intrusives sont plus particulièrement examinées et systématiquement comparées: la méthode de condensation implicite, la méthode des dérivées modales, et la réduction sur variétés invariantes du système. Les analyses théoriques montrent que les deux premières méthodes ne peuvent donner de résultats fiables que sous hypothèse d'une séparation spectrale entre les fréquences propres des modes maitres et celles des modes esclaves. La méthode de réduction sur variétés invariantes permet quant à elle d'avoir une méthode directe, ne nécessitant pas de pré-calculs, ni d'hypothèses préalables sur les fréquences propres des modes esclaves, afin de fournir des résultats corrects.De nombreuses applications et de comparaisons numériques sont montrées sur diverses structures discrétisées avec la méthode des éléments finis. Pour appliquer la méthode des variétés invariantes, une méthode récemment développée, permet de proposer un calcul direct de la forme normale du problème, à partir de la base physique et donc des degrés de liberté du maillage éléments finis. Les exemples montrent clairement les avantage et inconvénients de chaque méthode, validant aussi les résultats théoriques montrés précédemment.Dans la dernière partie de la thèse, la dynamique non linéaire d'un système présentant une relation de résonance interne 1:2 est analysée, en tenant compte des termes cubiques. La forme normale réelle du problème est d'abord établie. Ensuite les branches de solution du problème sont analysées et comparées avec celles du modèle plus simple négligeant la non-linéarité cubique. Le comportement divergent observé lorsqu'on réduit le problème à un seul mode et que l'on cherche à prédire le comportement raidissant ou assouplissant, est ensuite étudié avec ce modèle plus complet
When vibrating with large amplitudes, thin structures experience geometric nonlinearity due to the nonlinear relationship between strains and displacements. Because full-order nonlinear analysis on geometrically nonlinear models are computationally very expensive, the derivation of efficient reduced-order models (ROMs) has always been a topic of interest.In this thesis, nonlinear reduction methods for building ROMs with geometric nonlinearity in the framework of the Finite Element (FE) procedure, are investigated. Three non-intrusive nonlinear reduction methods are specifically investigated and systematically compared. They are: implicit condensation and expansion (ICE), modal derivatives (MD), and the reduction to invariant manifold. Theoretical analysis shows that the first two methods can give reliable results only if a slow/fast assumption between slave and master coordinates holds. On the other hand, reduction to invariant manifolds allows proposing a simulation-free reduction method that can be applied without restricting assumptions on the frequencies of the slave modes.Numerical comparisons and numerous applications to continuous structures discretized with the FE procedure, are given subsequently. For application of the invariant manifold-based method, the computation is based on a direct application of the normal form to the physical space and hence to the nodes of the FE mesh, a method recently developed. The examples show the advantages and drawbacks of each reduction method when deriving ROM, and the results of the theoretical comparison are validated.Finally, the analysis of the dynamics of a system with 1:2 internal resonance and cubic nonlinearity is given in the last part of the thesis. The real normal form of the problem is first derived. Then the solution branches of the problem are investigated and compared to simpler solutions with the dynamics truncated at order two. The divergent behaviour of the hardening/softening characteristics for single-mode reduction is investigated with this more complete model
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Урсуленко, Г. В. "Застосування моделі KMV при оцінці кредитного ризику." Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/62158.

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Перевагами моделі KMV є: казуальний характер моделі; викорис- тання ринкової інформації про ціни; можливість здійснення прогнозу. До недоліків даної моделі можна віднести такі: наявність багатьох тео- ретичних припущень, які на практиці не підтверджуються; складність у застосуванні до деривативів; суперечливість результатів щодо ринків, які розвиваються.
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Lundström, Edvin. "On the Proxy Modelling of Risk-Neutral Default Probabilities." Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-273624.

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Since the default of Lehman Brothers in 2008, it has become increasingly important to measure, manage and price the default risk in financial derivatives. Default risk in financial derivatives is referred to as counterparty credit risk (CCR). The price of CCR is captured in Credit Valuation Adjustment (CVA). This adjustment should in principle always enter the valuation of a derivative traded over-the-counter (OTC). To calculate CVA, one needs to know the probability of default of the counterparty. Since CVA is a price, what one needs is the risk-neutral probability of default. The typical way of obtaining risk-neutral default probabilities is to build credit curves calibrated using Credit Default Swaps (CDS). However, for a majority of a bank's counterparties there are no CDSs liquidly traded. This constitutes a major challenge. How does one model the risk-neutral default probability in the absence of observable CDS spreads? A number of methods for constructing proxy credit curves have been proposed previously. A particularly popular choice is the so-called Nomura (or cross-section) model. In studying this model, we find some weaknesses, which in some instances lead to degenerate proxy credit curves. In this thesis we propose an altered model, where the modelling quantity is changed from the CDS spread to the hazard rate. This ensures that the obtained proxy curves are valid by construction. We find that in practice, the Nomura model in many cases gives degenerate proxy credit curves. We find no such issues for the altered model. In some cases, we see that the differences between the models are minor. The conclusion is that the altered model is a better choice since it is theoretically sound and robust.
Sedan Lehman Brothers konkurs 2008 har det blivit allt viktigare att mäta, hantera och prissätta kreditrisken i finansiella derivat. Kreditrisk i finansiella derivat benämns ofta motpartsrisk (CCR). Priset på motpartsrisk fångas i kreditvärderingsjustering (CVA). Denna justering bör i princip alltid ingå i värderingen av ett derivat som handlas över disk (eng. over-the-counter, OTC). För att beräkna CVA behöver man veta sannolikheten för fallissemang (konkurs) hos motparten. Eftersom CVA är ett pris, behöver man den riskneutrala sannolikheten för fallissemang. Det typiska tillvägagångsättet för att erhålla riskneutrala sannolikheter är att bygga kreditkurvor kalibrerade med hjälp av kreditswappar (CDS:er). För en majoritet av en banks motparter finns emellertid ingen likvid handel i CDS:er. Detta utgör en stor utmaning. Hur ska man modellera riskneutrala fallissemangssannolikheter vid avsaknad av observerbara CDS-spreadar? Ett antal metoder för att konstruera proxykreditkurvor har föreslagits tidigare. Ett särskilt populärt val är den så kallade Nomura- (eller cross-section) modellen. När vi studerar denna modell hittar vi ett par svagheter, som i vissa fall leder till degenererade proxykreditkurvor. I den här uppsatsen föreslår vi en förändrad modell, där den modellerade kvantiteten byts från CDS-spreaden till riskfrekvensen (eng. hazard rate). Därmed säkerställs att de erhållna proxykurvorna är giltiga, per konstruktion. Vi finner att Nomura-modellen i praktiken i många fall ger degenererade proxykreditkurvor. Vi finner inga sådana problem för den förändrade modellen. I andra fall ser vi att skillnaderna mellan modellerna är små. Slutsatsen är att den förändrade modellen är ett bättre val eftersom den är teoretiskt sund och robust.
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Kolman, Marek. "Pricing and modeling credit risk." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264720.

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The thesis covers a wide range of topics from the credit risk modeling with the emphasis put on pricing of the claims subject to the default risk. Starting with a separate general contingent claim pricing framework the key topics are classified into three fundamental parts: firm-value models, reduced-form models, portfolio problems, with a possible finer sub-classification. Every part provides a theoretical discussion, proposal of self-developed methodologies and related applications that are designed so as to be close to the real-world problems. The text also reveals several new findings from various fields of credit risk modeling. In particular, it is shown (i) that the stock option market is a good source of credit information, (ii) how the reduced-form modeling framework can be extended to capture more complicated problems, (iii) that the double t copula together with a self-developed portfolio modeling framework outperforms the classical Gaussian copula approaches. Many other, partial findings are presented in the relevant chapters and some other results are also discussed in the Appendix.
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Tran, Angela M. "Potassium fixation by oxidized and reduced forms of different phyllosilicates." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/14102.

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Master of Science
Department of Agronomy
Michel D. Ransom
Factors governing potassium fixation and release are poorly understood. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of clay mineralogy and structural iron oxidation state on potassium fixation. Five reference clays and two soil clays were used to capture a range in mineralogical compositions and potassium behaviors. Reference clays used were illite (IMt-1), kaolinite (KGa-1b), montmorillonite (STx-1b), nontronite (NAu-2), and vermiculite (VTx-1). Soil clays used were from the upper 15 cm of a Belvue loam (BEL) and a Cherokee silt (CHE). Potassium fixation capacities were measured on unaltered as well as sodium dithionite reduced forms of each clay. Ferrous and total iron contents were determined photometrically using 1, 10-phenanthroline. Potassium fixation was measured by potassium saturating the clays and washing off exchangeable and solution potassium with solutions of magnesium chloride; samples were then acid digested and the amount fixed was calculated as the amount of potassium in the acid digestion minus the amount originally in the sample. BEL released potassium rather than fixed it while CHE tended to release potassium in the unaltered form and fix potassium in the reduced form. Structural iron reduction significantly impacted the amounts of potassium fixed by VTx-1 and NAu-2, which had the highest total iron contents of all the clays evaluated. NAu-2 and VTx-1 both on average fixed less than 1 mg K g clay[superscript]-1 in the unaltered form and an average of 6 and 11 mg K g clay[superscript]-1, respectively, in the reduced form. Regardless of being in the unaltered or reduced form, KGa-1b fixed essentially no potassium and IMt-1 and STx-1b fixed intermediate amounts of potassium—2 to 4 mg K g clay[superscript]-1 on average. The effects of clay mineralogy and structural iron oxidation state on potassium fixation can largely be explained through an understanding of layer type, layer charge, and charge distribution. In order for potassium fixation to occur, interlayer sites need to be accessible and available. Generally, the greater the negative layer charge the greater the amounts of fixation, with tetrahedral layer charge favoring fixation more than octahedral layer charge, and layer charge being a function of structural iron oxidation state.
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Monti, Francesca. "Combining structural and reduced-form models for macroeconomic forecasting and policy analysis." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209970.

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Can we fruitfully use the same macroeconomic model to forecast and to perform policy analysis? There is a tension between a model’s ability to forecast accurately and its ability to tell a theoretically consistent story. The aim of this dissertation is to propose ways to soothe this tension, combining structural and reduced-form models in order to have models that can effectively do both.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Griffiths, Laurence. "Reduced order model updating." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.685041.

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Across all engineering disciplines, the differences found between experimental results and computational simulations gives rise to various degrees of uncertainty in the solutions. In fluid dynamics these differences can be broadly split into issues of boundary conditions and numerical accuracy. Within the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) community a great deal of effort has been invested in reducing numerical error, yet large discrepancies with experimental data persist. The nature of experimental and computational studies often dictates the application of different boundary conditions applied in each. Furthermore, for aerospace applications often both experimental and computational methods are attempting to model a free flying aircraft but doing so by applying fundamentally different conditions. Model updating provides the opportunity to modify the behaviour of the system to reduce these discrepancies. Initially this research concentrates on the update of reduced order models (ROMS). These models are a major area of research in CFD and promise the accuracy of CFD with much reduced computational cost. A novel framework is developed by which the steady state gradients of an unsteady eigenvalue based ROM may be updated. The new updating process is applied to remove tunnel wall interferences for Euler and RANS (Spalart-Allmaras) ROMS and to add the effects of viscosity to an inviscid Euler based ROM. Multistage updates are also demonstrated whereby a ROM is updated for both viscous and wind tunnel wall interference. A novel method is developed whereby the pulse input sizing for the production of ROMS from the nonlinear Euler and RANS equations equations may be automated. The method is proved accurate for a range of test cases. Finally a parameter study, investigating the suitability of a viscous-inviscid interactive model for updating, is performed. The study demonstrated that the equations in their original form are not sufficiently robust for an automated model updating process.
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Books on the topic "Model of reduced forms"

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Broze, Laurence. Reduced forms of rational expectations models. Chur [Switzerland]: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1990.

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NATO Advanced Research Workshop (SDL Panel) on Interacting Electrons in Reduced Dimensions (1988 Turin, Italy). Interacting electrons in reduced dimensions. New York: Plenum Press, 1989.

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Korb, Philip B. Pennsylvania condominiums: Model forms and commentary. Mechanicsburg, PA: PBI Press, 2007.

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Basu, N. D. Law of Wills: With model forms. 7th ed. New Delhi: Ashoka Law House, 2006.

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1921-, Bakshi P. M., ed. Law of notices: With model forms. 3rd ed. New Delhi: Orient Pub. Co., 2006.

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Tariq, Bashir. Law of notices: With model forms. 2nd ed. Lahore: Eastern Law Book House, 2009.

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Korb, Philip B. Pennsylvania condominiums: Model forms and commentary. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: PBI Press, 2014.

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Law of defamation with model forms. Rawalpindi: Federal Law House, 2010.

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Property Advisers to the Civil Estate. Central Advice Unit. GC/works/2 model forms & commentary (1998). London: Stationery Office, 1998.

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Property Advisers to the Civil Estate. Central Advice Unit. GC/works/3 model forms & commentary (1998). London: Stationery Office, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Model of reduced forms"

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Bonney, Matthew S., Daniel C. Kammer, and Matthew R. W. Brake. "Determining Model Form Uncertainty of Reduced Order Models." In Model Validation and Uncertainty Quantification, Volume 3, 51–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29754-5_5.

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Schirm, Antje. "Underlying Credit Risk: a Reduced-Form Factor Model." In Credit Risk Securitisation, 45–57. Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-81875-1_3.

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Traylor, Teddy G., and Patricia S. Traylor. "Reactions of Dioxygen and Its Reduced Forms with Heme Proteins and Model Porphyrin Complexes." In Active Oxygen in Biochemistry, 84–187. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0609-2_3.

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Amsallem, David, and Charbel Farhat. "On the Stability of Reduced-Order Linearized Computational Fluid Dynamics Models Based on POD and Galerkin Projection: Descriptor vs Non-Descriptor Forms." In Reduced Order Methods for Modeling and Computational Reduction, 215–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02090-7_8.

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Krishnakumar, Jayalakshmi. "Presentation of Simultaneous Equations Model with Error Components Structure and Estimation of the Reduced Form." In Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, 47–119. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45647-3_3.

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Jarrow, Robert A. "Reduced Form Credit Risk Models." In Continuous-Time Asset Pricing Theory, 133–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77821-1_7.

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Jarrow, Robert A. "Reduced Form Credit Risk Models." In Continuous-Time Asset Pricing Theory, 145–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74410-6_7.

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Consoli, Sergio, Domenico Perrotta, and Marco Turchi. "Reduced Variable Neighbourhood Search for the Generation of Controlled Circular Data." In Variable Neighborhood Search, 83–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69625-2_7.

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AbstractA number of artificial intelligence and machine learning problems need to be formulated within a directional space, where classical Euclidean geometry does not apply or needs to be readjusted into the circle. This is typical, for example, in computational linguistics and natural language processing, where language models based on Bag-of-Words, Vector Space, or Word Embedding, are largely used for tasks like document classification, information retrieval and recommendation systems, among others. In these contexts, for assessing document clustering and outliers detection applications, it is often necessary to generate data with directional properties and units that follow some model assumptions and possibly form close groups. In the following we propose a Reduced Variable Neighbourhood Search heuristic which is used to generate high-dimensional data controlled by the desired properties aimed at representing several real-world contexts. The whole problem is formulated as a non-linear continuous optimization problem, and it is shown that the proposed Reduced Variable Neighbourhood Search is able to generate high-dimensional solutions to the problem in short computational time. A comparison with the state-of-the-art local search routine used to address this problem shows the greater efficiency of the approach presented here.
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Umamageswaran, Kothanda, Sheetanshu L. Pandey, and Philip A. Wilsey. "Completeness of the Reduced Form." In Formal Semantics and Proof Techniques for Optimizing VHDL Models, 55–64. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5123-2_6.

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Schneider, Lukas, and Kolumban Hutter. "Reduced Model." In Solid-Fluid Mixtures of Frictional Materials in Geophysical and Geotechnical Context, 153–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02968-4_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Model of reduced forms"

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Gu, Jia-Wen, Wai-Ki Ching, and Harry Zheng. "A hidden Markov reduced-form risk model." In 2014 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence for Financial Engineering & Economics (CIFEr). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cifer.2014.6924072.

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Peng, Hongfeng, and Xiaofang Tao. "The Pricing of Credit Risk under Reduced-Form Model." In 2011 International Conference on Computer and Management (CAMAN). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/caman.2011.5778835.

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Zhang, Qichun, Zhuo Wang, and Hong Wang. "Parametric covariance assignment using reduced-order closed-form covariance model." In 2015 21st International Conference on Automation and Computing (ICAC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iconac.2015.7313969.

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Hall, Kenneth C., Răzvan Florea, and Paul J. Lanzkron. "A Reduced Order Model of Unsteady Flows in Turbomachinery." In ASME 1994 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/94-gt-291.

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A novel technique for computing unsteady flows about turbomachinery cascades is presented. Starting with a frequency domain CFD description of unsteady aerodynamic flows, we form a large, sparse, generalized, non-Hermitian eigenvalue problem which describes the natural modes and frequencies of fluid motion about the cascade. We compute the dominant left and right eigenmodes and corresponding eigenfrequencies using a Lanczos algorithm. Then, using just a few of the resulting eigenmodes, we construct a reduced order model of the unsteady flow field. With this model, one can rapidly and accurately predict the unsteady aerodynamic loads acting on the cascade over a wide range of reduced frequencies and arbitrary modes of vibration. Moreover, the eigenmode information provides insights into the physics of unsteady flows. Finally we note that the form of the reduced order model is well suited for use in active control of aeroelastic and aeroacoustic phenomena.
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Yae, K. Harold, and Daniel J. Inman. "Flexible-Body Dynamics Modelling With a Reduced-Order Model." In ASME 1990 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1990-0054.

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Abstract In the dynamics modeling of a flexible body, finite element analysis employs Guyan’s reduction that removes some of the “insignificant” physical coordinates, thus producing a dynamic model that has smaller mass and stiffness matrices. Despite such reduction, the resultant model is still too large for flexible-body dynamic analysis. That warrants further reduction as is frequently used in control design by approximating a large dynamical system with a fewer number of state variables. When the reduced model is being assembled with other bodies in a multi-body mechanism, a problem, however, arises because a model usually undergoes, before being reduced, some form of coordinate transformations that do not preserve the physical meanings of the states. To correct such a problem, we developed a method that expresses a reduced model in terms of a subset of the original states. The proposed method starts with a dynamic model that is originated and reduced in finite element analysis. Then the model is converted to the state space form, and reduced again by the internal balancing method. At this stage, being in the balanced coordinate system, the states in the reduced model have no apparent resemblance to those of the original model. Through another coordinate transformation that is developed in this paper, however, this reduced model is expressed by a subset of the original states. Then finally the model can be represented by the states assigned to the degrees of freedom of the selected nodal points.
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Xu, Tiantian, and Mohammad I. Younis. "An Efficient Reduced-Order Model for the Nonlinear Dynamics of Carbon Nanotubes." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-35626.

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Because of the inherent nonlinearities involving the behavior of CNTs when excited by electrostatic forces, modeling and simulating their behavior is challenging. The complicated form of the electrostatic force describing the interaction of their cylindrical shape, forming upper electrodes, to lower electrodes poises serious computational challenges. This presents an obstacle against applying and using several nonlinear dynamics tools that typically used to analyze the behavior of complicated nonlinear systems, such as shooting, continuation, and integrity analysis techniques. This works presents an attempt to resolve this issue. We present an investigation of the nonlinear dynamics of carbon nanotubes when actuated by large electrostatic forces. We study expanding the complicated form of the electrostatic force into enough number of terms of the Taylor series. We plot and compare the expanded form of the electrostatic force to the exact form and found that at least twenty terms are needed to capture accurately the strong nonlinear form of the force over the full range of motion. Then, we utilize this form along with an Euler–Bernoulli beam model to study the static and dynamic behavior of CNTs. The geometric nonlinearity and the nonlinear electrostatic force are considered. An efficient reduced-order model (ROM) based on the Galerkin method is developed and utilized to simulate the static and dynamic responses of the CNTs. We found that the use of the new expanded form of the electrostatic force enables avoiding the cumbersome evaluation of the spatial integrals involving the electrostatic force during the modal projection procedure in the Galerkin method, which needs to be done at every time step. Hence, the new method proves to be much more efficient computationally.
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Chen, Yung-Hsin, Shuo-Chang Tsai, Long-Tai Chen, and Han-Ying Wang. "Predict customer innovativeness toward Telematics: Via reduced form model from a normative marketing perspective." In 2010 7th International Conference on Service Systems and Service Management (ICSSSM 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsssm.2010.5530106.

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Huang, Fuxin, Lijue Wang, and Chi Yang. "Ship Hull Form Optimization Using Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm." In SNAME Maritime Convention. SNAME, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/smc-2014-t47.

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In this paper, artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithms are introduced to optimize ship hull forms for reduced drag. Two versions of ABC algorithm are used: one is the basic ABC algorithm, and the other is an improved artificial bee colony (IABC) algorithm. A recently developed fast flow solver based on the Neumann-Michell theory is used to evaluate the drag of the ship in the optimization process. The ship hull surface is represented by discrete triangular panels and modified using radial basis function interpolation method. The developed optimization algorithms are first validated by benchmark mathematical functions with different dimensions. They are then applied to the optimization of DTMB Model 5415 for reduced drag. Two optimal hull forms are obtained by the ABC and the IABC algorithms. A large drag reduction is obtained by both of the algorithms. The optimal hull form obtained by the IABC algorithm has larger drag reduction than that of the hull form from the ABC algorithm. The results show that two ABC algorithms can be used for optimizing ship hull forms and the IABC algorithm has better performance than the ABC algorithm for the tested case in ship hull form optimization.
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Yamashita, Hiroki, Rohit Arora, Hiroyuki Kanazawa, and Hiroyuki Sugiyama. "Development of Reduced Order Thermomechanical Model Using Floating Frame of Reference Formulation." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67317.

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In this paper, a reduced order thermomechanical model based on the Craig-Bampton component mode synthesis method is extended to the floating frame of reference formulation for the thermomechanical analysis of flexible multibody systems. To this end, coupled structural and thermal equations of finite element models are partitioned in terms of the internal and interface coordinates, each of which consists of the structural and thermal coordinates. Both deformation including the thermal effect and temperature in the internal region are then defined by a linear combination of the thermomechanical fixed-interface normal modes and thermomechanical constraint modes to account for structural and thermal modes associated with external forces and heat sources applied to the system. The final form of equations include equations of motion associated with a flexible body that incorporates thermal deformation and the reduced order heat equations that describe the transient change in the temperature over the flexible body. For this reason, the inertia coupling of the reference motion and the thermal deformation is automatically considered using the floating frame of reference formulation. Both equations are integrated forward in time simultaneously using general multibody dynamics computer algorithms to account for the coupled structural and thermal behavior of flexible multibody systems. Several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the use of the numerical procedure developed in this study.
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McClain, Stephen T., and Jason M. Brown. "Reduced Rough-Surface Parameterization for Use With the Discrete-Element Model." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27588.

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The discrete-element model for flows over rough surfaces was recently modified to predict drag and heat transfer for flow over randomly-rough surfaces. However, the current form of the discrete-element model requires a blockage fraction and a roughness-element diameter distribution as a function of height to predict the drag and heat transfer of flow over a randomly-rough surface. The requirement for a roughness element-diameter distribution at each height from the reference elevation has hindered the usefulness of the discrete-element model and inhibited its incorporation into a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver. To incorporate the discrete-element model into a CFD solver and to enable the discrete-element model to become a more useful engineering tool, the randomly-rough surface characterization must be simplified. Methods for determining characteristic diameters for drag and heat transfer using complete three-dimensional surface measurements are presented. Drag and heat transfer predictions made using the model simplifications are compared to predictions made using the complete surface characterization and to experimental measurements for two randomly-rough surfaces. Methods to use statistical surface information, as opposed to the complete three-dimensional surface measurements, to evaluate the characteristic dimensions of the roughness are also explored.
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Reports on the topic "Model of reduced forms"

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Choi, Y. Nonlinear manifold-based reduced order model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1669223.

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Rasche, Robert H. Identification of Dynamic Economic Models from Reduced Form VECM Structures: An Application of Covariance. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2000.011.

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Goumiri, I. R., C. W. Rowley, Z. Ma, D. A. Gates, J. A. Krommes, and J. B. Parker. Reduced-Order Model Based Feedback Control For Modified Hasegawa-Wakatani Model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1062399.

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Baek, Seunghwan, Diana Bacon, and Nicolas Huerta. NRAP-Open-IAM Multisegmented Wellbore Reduced-Order Model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1840652.

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Andrabi, Tahir, and Christina Brown. Subjective versus Objective Incentives and Teacher Productivity. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/092.

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A central challenge facing firms is how to incentivize employees. While objective, output-based incentives may be theoretically ideal, in practice they may lead employees to reduce effort on non-incentivized outcomes and may fail in settings where effort is weakly tied to output. We study the effect of subjective incentives (manager performance evaluation) and objective incentives (test score-based) relative to no incentives for teachers using an RCT in 230 Pakistani schools. First, we show that subjective and objective incentives both increase test scores and have similar magnitude effects. However, objective incentives decrease non-test score student outcomes relative to subjective incentives. Second, we show that teachers’ effort response is very different under each scheme, with attendance increasing under subjective and teaching quality decreasing under objective. Finally, we rationalize these effects through the lens of a moral hazard model with multi-tasking. We use within-treatment variation to isolate the causal effect of contract noise and distortion and show that these channels explain most of our reduced form effects.
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Wigley, T. M. L. A reduced-form approach to characterizing sulfate aerosol effects on climate in integrated assessment models. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/251158.

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Lindner, Ernest. User’s Manual for Seal_Flux: A Seal Barrier Reduced-Order Model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1838311.

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Podesta, ,. Mario, Marina Gorelenkova, and Roscoe White. Reduced Fast Ion Transport Model For The Tokamak Transport Code TRANSP. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1128924.

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Paul Cizmas, Brian Richardson, Thomas Brenner, and Raymond Fontenot. A Reduced-Order Model of Transport Phenomena for Power Plant Simulation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/985310.

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Lozano-Espitia, Ignacio, and Fernando Arias-Rodríguez. The Relationship between Fiscal and Monetary Policies in Colombia: An Empirical Exploration of the Credit Risk Channel. Banco de la República, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1196.

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This paper aims to provide evidence on the relationship between fiscal and monetary policy in Colombia through an empirical exploration of the credit risk channel. Under this approach, fiscal policy plays an important explanatory role in the sovereign risk premium, which, in turn, could affect the exchange rate and inflation expectations. The Central Bank reacts to inflation expectations using the policy interest rate; consequently, such reaction could be indirectly influenced by fiscal behavior. Using monthly data from January 2003 to December 2019, we estimate both jointly and independently the reduced-form core equations of a system that describes the credit risk channel in a small open economy. Our findings are in line with the model predictions. Fiscal policy affected the country’s sovereign risk during this period, but only slightly. Hence, there is insufcient evidence to sustain the idea that monetary policy has been signifcantly influenced by government fiscal management.
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