Journal articles: 'Model of reduced forms'

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Majda, A. J., C. Franzke, and D. Crommelin. "Normal forms for reduced stochastic climate models." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106, no. 10 (February 19, 2009): 3649–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0900173106.

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Ahuja, Sanjeev, and Raj Kumar Arya. "Comparison of the Performances of Different Reduced Forms of a Condenser Model." Chemical Engineering & Technology 40, no. 9 (June 20, 2017): 1630–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201600114.

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Lang, Zhe, and Yunpeng Zhang. "Parameter identification and performance estimation for PV modules based on reduced forms model." Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy 12, no. 5 (September 2020): 053703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0019511.

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Abdelkaher Ait Abdelouahad, Mohammed El Hassouni, Hocine Cherifi, and Driss Aboutajdine. "A Reduced Reference Image Quality Measure Using Bessel K Forms Model for Tetrolet Coefficients." Journal of Convergence Information Technology 6, no. 11 (November 30, 2011): 216–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4156/jcit.vol6.issue11.25.

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Clayards, Meghan. "Using probability distributions to account for recognition of canonical and reduced word forms." LSA Annual Meeting Extended Abstracts 1 (May 2, 2010): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/exabs.v0i0.529.

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The frequency of a word form influences how efficiently it is processed, but canonical forms often show an advantage over reduced forms even when the reduced form is more frequent. This paper addresses this paradox by considering a model in which representations of lexical items consist of a distribution over forms. Optimal inference given these distributions accounts for item based differences in recognition of phonological variants and canonical form advantage.

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SHIL'NIKOV, A. L., L. P. SHIL'NIKOV, and D. V. TURAEV. "NORMAL FORMS AND LORENZ ATTRACTORS." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 03, no. 05 (October 1993): 1123–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127493000933.

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Normal forms for eleven cases of bifurcations of codimension-3 are considered, basically, in systems with a symmetry, which can be reduced to one of the two three-dimensional systems. The first system is the well-known Lorenz model in a special notation, the second is the Shimizu-Morioka model. In contrast with two-dimensional normal forms which admit, in principle, a complete theoretical study, in three-dimensional systems such analysis is practically impossible, except for particular parameter values when a system is close to an integrable system. Therefore, the main method of the investigation is qualitatively-numerical. In that sense, a description of principal bifurcations which lead to the appearance of the Lorenz attractor is given for the models above, and the boundaries of the regions of the existence of this attractor are selected. We pay special attention to bifurcation points corresponding to a formation of a homoclinic figure-8 of a saddle with zero saddle value and that of a homoclinic figure-8 with zero separatrix value. In L. P. Shil'nikov [1981], it was established that these points belong to the boundary of the existence of the Lorenz attractor. In the present paper, the bifurcation diagrams near such points for the symmetric case are given and a new criterion of existence of the nonorientable Lorenz is also suggested.

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Haywood, Annika F. M., and Brian E. Staveley. "Mutant α-synuclein-induced degeneration is reduced by parkin in a fly model of Parkinson's disease." Genome 49, no. 5 (May 1, 2006): 505–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g06-011.

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Parkinson's disease (PD) patients show a characteristic loss of motor control caused by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Mutations in the genes that encode α-synuclein and parkin have been linked to inherited forms of this disease. The parkin protein functions as a ubiquitin ligase that targets proteins for degradation. Expression of isoforms of human α-synuclein in the Drosophila melanogaster nervous system forms the basis of an excellent genetic model that recapitulates phenotypic and behavioural features of PD. Using this model, we analysed the effect of parkin co-expression on the climbing ability of aging flies, their life span, and their retinal degeneration. We have determined that co-expression of parkin can suppress phenotypes caused by expression of mutant α-synuclein. In the developing eye, parkin reduces retinal degeneration. When co-expressed in the dopaminergic neurons, the ability to climb is extended over time. If conserved in humans, we suggest that upregulation of parkin may prove a method of suppression for PD induced by mutant forms of α-synuclein.Key words: parkin, α-synuclein, Drosophila melanogaster, model of Parkinson's disease.

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Ahmed, Shady E., Omer San, Kursat Kara, Rami Younis, and Adil Rasheed. "Multifidelity computing for coupling full and reduced order models." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 11, 2021): e0246092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246092.

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Hybrid physics-machine learning models are increasingly being used in simulations of transport processes. Many complex multiphysics systems relevant to scientific and engineering applications include multiple spatiotemporal scales and comprise a multifidelity problem sharing an interface between various formulations or heterogeneous computational entities. To this end, we present a robust hybrid analysis and modeling approach combining a physics-based full order model (FOM) and a data-driven reduced order model (ROM) to form the building blocks of an integrated approach among mixed fidelity descriptions toward predictive digital twin technologies. At the interface, we introduce a long short-term memory network to bridge these high and low-fidelity models in various forms of interfacial error correction or prolongation. The proposed interface learning approaches are tested as a new way to address ROM-FOM coupling problems solving nonlinear advection-diffusion flow situations with a bifidelity setup that captures the essence of a broad class of transport processes.

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Eti, Can Mehmet, Yusuf Vayιsoǧlu, Berkan Kardaş, Rabia Bozdoǧan Arpacι, Elif Sahin Horasan, Arzu Kanιk, Neslihan Eti, Serap Yalιn, and Derya Ümit Talas. "Histopathologic Evaluation of Ecballium Elaterium Applied Nasal Mucosa in Rat Rhinosinusitis Model." Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 97, no. 6 (June 2018): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014556131809700616.

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This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of Ecballium Elaterium (E.E) that is topically applied for treatment of rhinosinusitis as a traditional medicine. Pure and extract forms of E.E are applied to the nasal cavity of rats for rhinosinusitis. Nasal mucosa, soft palate and trachea of rats were harvested in the first hour, 3rd day and 3rd week for histopathological evaluation. This experimental study revealed antiinflammatory effects of E.E. It has also been shown that E.E reduced fibrosis. The antiinflammatory effect of all forms of E.E has been found to be at their maximum level in the 3rd day with a decreasing manner to 3rd week. Additionally, pure form of E.E caused severe epithelial loss in hyperacute stage. E.E also reduced fibrosis besides its antiinflammatory effect. The action mechanism of antiinflammatory effect of different levels of extract forms need to be further analysed through related enzymatic pathways by different dose and time studies.

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Mizuta, Genta, and Akira Masuda. "An Application of a Diffusive Reduced-Gravity Model to Deep Circulation above Various Forms of Bottom Topography." Journal of Physical Oceanography 33, no. 2 (February 2003): 451–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(2003)033<0451:aaoadr>2.0.co;2.

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Kleibergen, Frank, and Herman K. van Dijk. "BAYESIAN SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS ANALYSIS USING REDUCED RANK STRUCTURES." Econometric Theory 14, no. 6 (December 1998): 701–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266466698146017.

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Diffuse priors lead to pathological posterior behavior when used in Bayesian analyses of simultaneous equation models (SEM's). This results from the local nonidentification of certain parameters in SEM's. When this a priori known feature is not captured appropriately, it results in an a posteriori favoring of certain specific parameter values that is not the consequence of strong data information but of local nonidentification. We show that a proper consistent Bayesian analysis of a SEM explicitly has to consider the reduced form of the SEM as a standard linear model on which nonlinear (reduced rank) restrictions are imposed, which result from a singular value decomposition. The priors/posteriors of the parameters of the SEM are therefore proportional to the priors/posteriors of the parameters of the linear model under the condition that the restrictions hold. This leads to a framework for constructing priors and posteriors for the parameters of SEM's. The framework is used to construct priors and posteriors for one, two, and three structural equation SEM's. These examples together with a theorem, showing that the reduced forms of SEM's accord with sets of reduced rank restrictions on standard linear models, show how Bayesian analyses of generally specified SEM's can be conducted.

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Seidler, Marc J., Stefanie Salvenmoser, and Frank-Michael C. Müller. "Aspergillus fumigatus Forms Biofilms with Reduced Antifungal Drug Susceptibility on Bronchial Epithelial Cells." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 52, no. 11 (August 18, 2008): 4130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00234-08.

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ABSTRACT Aspergillus fumigatus is a leading cause of death in immunocompromised patients and a frequent colonizer of the respiratory tracts of asthma and cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Biofilms enable bacteria and yeasts to persist in infections and can contribute to antimicrobial resistance. We investigated the ability of A. fumigatus to form biofilms on polystyrene (PS) and human bronchial epithelial (HBE) and CF bronchial epithelial (CFBE) cells. We developed a novel in vitro coculture model of A. fumigatus biofilm formation on HBE and CFBE cells. Biofilm formation was documented by dry weight, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM). The in vitro antifungal activities of seven antifungal drugs were tested by comparing planktonic and sessile A. fumigatus strains. A. fumigatus formed an extracellular matrix on PS and HBE and CFBE cells as evidenced by increased dry weight, SEM, and CSLM. These biofilms exhibited decreased antifungal drug susceptibility and were adherent to the epithelial cells, with fungi remaining viable throughout 3 days. These observations might have implications for treatment of A. fumigatus colonization in chronic lung diseases and for its potential impact on airway inflammation, damage, and infection.

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Peszynska, Malgorzata, Joseph Umhoefer, and Choah Shin. "Reduced Model for Properties of Multiscale Porous Media with Changing Geometry." Computation 9, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computation9030028.

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In this paper, we consider an important problem for modeling complex coupled phenomena in porous media at multiple scales. In particular, we consider flow and transport in the void space between the pores when the pore space is altered by new solid obstructions formed by microbial growth or reactive transport, and we are mostly interested in pore-coating and pore-filling type obstructions, observed in applications to biofilm in porous media and hydrate crystal formation, respectively. We consider the impact of these obstructions on the macroscopic properties of the porous medium, such as porosity, permeability and tortuosity, for which we build an experimental probability distribution with reduced models, which involves three steps: (1) generation of independent realizations of obstructions, followed by, (2) flow and transport simulations at pore-scale, and (3) upscaling. For the first step, we consider three approaches: (1A) direct numerical simulations (DNS) of the PDE model of the actual physical process called BN which forms the obstructions, and two non-DNS methods, which we call (1B) CLPS and (1C) LP. LP is a lattice Ising-type model, and CLPS is a constrained version of an Allen–Cahn model for phase separation with a localization term. Both LP and CLPS are model approximations of BN, and they seek local minima of some nonconvex energy functional, which provide plausible realizations of the obstructed geometry and are tuned heuristically to deliver either pore-coating or pore-filling obstructions. Our methods work with rock-void geometries obtained by imaging, but bypass the need for imaging in real-time, are fairly inexpensive, and can be tailored to other applications. The reduced models LP and CLPS are less computationally expensive than DNS, and can be tuned to the desired fidelity of the probability distributions of upscaled quantities.

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Firouz-Abadi, Rohollah Dehghani, and Mohammad Reza Borhan Panah. "Development of an aeroelastic model based on system identification using boundary elements method." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 94, no. 3 (November 17, 2021): 360–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-01-2021-0025.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the stability of aeroelastic systems using a novel reduced order aeroelastic model. Design/methodology/approach The proposed aeroelastic model is a reduced-order model constructed based on the aerodynamic model identification using the generalized aerodynamic force response and the unsteady boundary element method in various excitation frequency values. Due to the low computational cost and acceptable accuracy of the boundary element method, this method is selected to determine the unsteady time response of the aerodynamic model. Regarding the structural model, the elastic mode shapes of the shell are used. Findings Three case studies are investigated by the proposed model. In the first place, a typical two-dimensional section is introduced as a means of verification by approximating the Theodorsen function. As the second test case, the flutter speed of Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development 445.6 wing with 45° sweep angle is determined and compared with the experimental test results in the literature. Finally, a complete aircraft is considered to demonstrate the capability of the proposed model in handling complex configurations. Originality/value The paper introduces an algorithm to construct an aeroelastic model applicable to any unsteady aerodynamic model including experimental models and modal structural models in the implicit and reduced order form. In other words, the main advantage of the proposed method, further to its simplicity and low computational effort, which can be used as a means of real-time aeroelastic simulation, is its ability to provide aerodynamic and structural models in implicit and reduced order forms.

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Bronsard, Camille, and Lise Salvas-Bronsard. "Sur l’estimation d’un système complet de demande sous rationnements quantitatifs." Articles 55, no. 3 (June 22, 2009): 286–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/800832ar.

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The paper is divided into two parts. In the first one, three complete systems of demand equations are derived, namely, the standard neo-classical model, a model under quantity rationing and the general reduced form of walrasian models. The standard neo-classical model has no spillover eflects while the other models allow for them. But the spillover effects of the general reduced form are walrasian while the spillover effects of the model with quantity rationing can be specified as keynesian. In the second part of the paper, the authors try to discriminate among these forms on empirical grounds. As a matter of fact, each model is found consistent with the Canadian data and the authors conclude that to discriminate between the models, one must insert them into more general models.

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Urozayev, Dias, Boujemaa Ait-El-Fquih, Ibrahim Hoteit, and Daniel Peter. "A reduced-order variational Bayesian approach for efficient subsurface imaging." Geophysical Journal International 229, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 838–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab507.

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SUMMARY This work considers the reconstruction of a subsurface model from seismic observations, which is known to be a high-dimensional and ill-posed inverse problem. Two approaches are combined to tackle this problem: the discrete cosine transform (DCT) approach, used in the forward modelling step, and the variational Bayesian (VB) approach, used in the inverse reconstruction step. VB can provide not only point estimates but also closed forms of the full posterior probability distributions. To efficiently compute such estimates of the full joint posterior distributions of large-scale seismic inverse problems, we resort to a DCT order-reduction scheme with a VB approximation of the posteriors, avoiding the need for costly Bayesian sampling methods. More specifically, we first reduce the model parameters through truncation of their DCT coefficients. This helps regularizing our seismic inverse problem and alleviates its computational complexity. Then, we apply a VB inference in the reduced-DCT space to estimate the dominant (retained) DCT coefficients together with the variance of the observational noise. We also present an efficient implementation of the derived VB-based algorithm for further cost reduction. The performances of the proposed scheme are evaluated through extensive numerical experiments for both linear and nonlinear forward models. In the former, the subsurface reflectivity model was reconstructed at a comparable estimation accuracy as the optimal weighted-regularized-least-squares solution. In the latter, the main structural features of the squared slowness model were well reconstructed.

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Na, Hana, Hua Tian, Zhengrong Zhang, Qiang Li, Jack B. Yang, Liam Mcparland, Qini Gan, and Wei Qiao Qiu. "Oral Amylin Treatment Reduces the Pathological Cascade of Alzheimer’s Disease in a Mouse Model." American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementiasr 36 (January 1, 2021): 153331752110128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15333175211012867.

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Intraperitoneal injection of amylin or its analog reduces Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology in the brains. However, self-injecting amylin analogs is difficult for patients due to cognitive deficits. This work aims to study the effects of amylin on the brain could be achieved by oral delivery as some study reported that amylin receptor may be present in the gastrointestinal tract. A 6-week course of oral amylin treatment reduced components of AD pathology, including the levels of amyloid-β, phosphorylated tau, and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1. The treatment reduced active forms of cyclin-dependent kinase 5. Oral amylin treatment led to improvements in social deficit in AD mouse. Using immunofluorescence, we observed the amylin receptor complexed with the calcitonin receptor and receptor activity-modifying proteins in the enteric neurons. The study suggests the potential of the oral delivery of amylin analogs for the treatment of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases through enteric neurons.

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Liu, Yong, Xiang Zhu, Feng-ling Yu, Xiao-ming Kong, Na Lin, Cong-sen Liu, Ting-ting Liu, and Jun-chang Guan. "Teratogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus L-forms using a mouse whole-embryo culture model." Journal of Medical Microbiology 62, no. 5 (May 1, 2013): 677–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.045955-0.

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Our previous studies have suggested that Staphylococcus aureus L-forms are able to pass through the placental barrier of mice from the maternal side to the fetal body and affect fetal growth and development, but little is known about the direct influence of S. aureus L-forms on embryos during the critical period of organogenesis. Mouse embryos at gestational day 8.5 were cultured in vitro for 48 h with 0, 50, 100, 200 or 400 c.f.u. S. aureus L-forms ml−1. At the end of the culture period, the mouse embryos were assessed morphologically for viability, growth and development. Bacteriological and immunohistochemical staining were used to determine the existence of S. aureus L-forms in embryonic tissues. We found that both crown–rump length and head length of mouse embryos exposed to S. aureus L-forms at a concentration of 50 c.f.u. ml−1 were reduced. When the mouse embryos were exposed to 100, 200 or 400 c.f.u. S. aureus L-forms ml−1, the total morphological score, number of somites, dry embryo weight, yolk sac diameter, crown–rump length and head length were significantly lower than those of the control group. With the increased concentration of S. aureus L-forms in the culture medium, there were fewer normally developed embryos and more embryos with abnormalities or retardation in growth. S. aureus L-forms detected by Gram-staining and immunohistochemical detection of antigen were found in the tissues of embryos infected by S. aureus L-forms. These data suggest that S. aureus L-forms exert a direct teratogenic effect on cultured mouse embryos in vitro.

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Melis, Valeria, Mandy Magbagbeolu, Janet E. Rickard, David Horsley, Kathleen Davidson, Kathleen A. Harrington, Keith Goatman, et al. "Effects of oxidized and reduced forms of methylthioninium in two transgenic mouse tauopathy models." Behavioural Pharmacology 26, no. 4 (June 2015): 353–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/fbp.0000000000000133.

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Anand, S., and Y. S. Mayya. "Comment on "Reduced efficacy of marine cloud brightening geoengineering due to in-plume aerosol coagulation: parameterization and global implications"." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 16 (September 15, 2014): 23797–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-23797-2014.

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Abstract. We examine the parametrized model of Stuart et al. (2013) vis-a-vis a diffusion based model proposed by us earlier (Anand and Mayya, 2011) to estimate the fraction of aerosol particles surviving coagulation in a dispersing plume. While the Stuart et al.'s approach is based on the solutions to the coagulation problem in a uniformly mixed expanding puff model, the diffusion based approach solves the diffusion-coagulation equation for a standing plume to arrive at the survival fraction correlations. We discuss the conceptual differences between the survival fraction estimates from standing plume models as opposed to that from puff models. The two models predict different functional forms for dependencies of the survival fraction on source and atmospheric related parameters. We compare the results for different case studies presented in Stuart et al. (2013) involving different particle emission rates and atmospheric stability categories. There appear to be better agreement between the two models at higher survival fractions as compared to lower survival fractions; on the whole, the two models agree with each other within a difference of 10%. The diffusion based models have the inherent capability to generate similarity parameters with inbuilt exponents and hence avoid the parameterization exercise. However, their limitation lies in the choice of a representative value for the coagulation coefficient in an evolving aerosol system, which has been addressed in a more satisfactory manner by the parameterization method. The present comparative exercise, although limited in scope, seems to suggest that either of the two forms of expressions might be suitable for incorporation into global/regional scale air pollution models for predicting the contribution of localized sources to the particle number loading in the atmosphere.

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Talić, Aida. "Long-Form and Short-Form Prenominal Adjectives Are Not Reduced Relative Clauses in Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian." Linguistic Inquiry 48, no. 1 (January 2017): 194–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling_a_00241.

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Cinque (2010) treats prenominal adjectives in languages like Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian (BCS) and English either as APs in the specifiers of functional projections in the extended domain of N (direct modification) or as predicates in reduced relative clauses in the specifiers of functional projections (indirect modification), while postnominal adjectives in these languages are treated only as predicates in reduced relative clauses. In this model, the direct-modification source is associated with one set of interpretations and the indirect-modification source with a different set of interpretations. This proposed dual-source analysis raises the question whether there are any languages that mark this distinction with overt morphology. In this respect, Cinque considers languages, among them BCS, where adnominal modification has two distinct morphological shapes. Crucially, BCS adjectives have different morphological forms depending on their distribution: the “long form” and the “short form.” Cinque treats the two forms as being overt manifestations of the two sources of modification. In particular, he suggests that adnominal short-form adjectives are always reduced relative clauses (indirect modification), while long-form adjectives are ambiguous between the two sources. This proposal captures some distributional and ordering restrictions these two forms of BCS adjectives display. In this squib, I provide several empirical arguments against the claim that BCS is a language that overtly distinguishes between two sources of modification. By closely inspecting the distribution and interpretations of BCS adjectives, the ordering between the two forms in the prenominal position, and extraction possibilities out of APs, I show that both long- and short-form adjectives represent challenges for Cinque’s model. I argue that treating BCS long adjectives, as well as prenominal short adjectives, as reduced relative clauses is problematic. More generally, my investigation of interpretations that adnominal adjectives in BCS receive, including several parallels between BCS and English, leads to the conclusion that, although there may be two syntactic sources of adnominal adjectives, these different sources are not identified by two distinct sets of interpretations associated with them. I also introduce facts that are problematic for the claim that the indirect-modification source involves reduced relative clauses. The squib is organized as follows. In section 1 , I introduce Cinque’s (2010) dual-modification-source model and its predictions. In section 2 , I explore how the predictions of this model fare with respect to BCS adjectives. In sections 2.1 and 2.2 , I discuss data regarding BCS long and short adjectives, respectively, that are problematic for the dual-source analysis. Section 3 is the conclusion.

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DI LEO, LEO, and JURIJ W. DAREWYCH. "HIGGS BOSON DECAY AND QUASI-BOUND STATES IN THE HIGGS MODEL." International Journal of Modern Physics A 11, no. 32 (December 30, 1996): 5659–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x96002601.

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We calculate two-Higgs bound states (Higgsonium) as resonances in Z0−Z0 scattering using a |Z0Z0>+|h>+|hh>+|hhh>+|hhhhh> Fock-space ansatz in a Hamiltonian formalism of the Higgs model. The variational method is used to obtain coupled integral equations connecting the various channels. Reduced forms of these equations are solved analytically in the case of the Z0Z0−h channels, and numerically for the Z0Z0−hh channels for particular choices of the coupling parameters.

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Nafreen, Maskura, and Lance Fiondella. "A Family of Software Reliability Models with Bathtub-Shaped Fault Detection Rate." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 28, no. 05 (July 26, 2021): 2150034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539321500340.

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Researchers have proposed several software reliability growth models, many of which possess complex parametric forms. In practice, software reliability growth models should exhibit a balance between predictive accuracy and other statistical measures of goodness of fit, yet past studies have not always performed such balanced assessment. This paper proposes a framework for software reliability growth models possessing a bathtub-shaped fault detection rate and derives stable and efficient expectation conditional maximization algorithms to enable the fitting of these models. The stages of the bathtub are interpreted in the context of the software testing process. The illustrations compare multiple bathtub-shaped and reduced model forms, including classical models with respect to predictive and information theoretic measures. The results indicate that software reliability growth models possessing a bathtub-shaped fault detection rate outperformed classical models on both types of measures. The proposed framework and models may therefore be a practical compromise between model complexity and predictive accuracy.

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Al-Jifri, Mohamed, Hazim Al-Attar, and Fathi Boukadi. "New proxy models for predicting oil recovery factor in waterflooded heterogeneous reservoirs." Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology 11, no. 3 (February 16, 2021): 1443–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13202-021-01095-4.

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AbstractTo predict the recovery factor (RF) in waterflooded layered oil reservoirs, two empirical relationships were derived. Both correlations use four independent variables. These are reservoir heterogeneity (characterized by permeability variation coefficient), permeability anisotropy (ratio of vertical to horizontal permeability), viscosity of the injected water, and water injection rate. One of the correlations estimates RF at water breakthrough time (RFBT) and the other evaluates RF at the end of project (RFEOP). Each correlation comes in an expanded form with more parameters and a reduced form with fewer parameters. Both models are based on the global linear model. Eclipse black-oil simulation was used to determine RF for generic reservoirs with different combinations of permeability variation, permeability anisotropy, injected water viscosities, and water injection rates. A total of 192 data sets have been generated. Out of these, 144 data sets (about 75% of the generated sets) were used for model development and 48 data sets (about 25% of the generated sets) were used for model testing and validation. The expanded forms of the new developed correlations gave reliable estimates of RFBT and RFEOP with absolute average percent difference (AAPCD) of 6.9 and 1.02, respectively. The reduced forms yielded slightly higher AAPCDs of 8.30 and 1.04, respectively. When tested against 48 simulation-generated data sets, the expanded forms yielded excellent fits for RFBT and RFEOP with AAPCDs of 14 and 6.5, respectively. The reduced forms showed comparable fit with AAPCDs of 16.9 and 6.70, respectively. The highest RFEOP of 50.6% was achieved for a generic reservoir with a permeability variation in V = 0.1 and a permeability anisotropy of kz/kx = 1.0. This particular reservoir needs to be waterflooded using a water viscosity of µw = 1.0 cp and a water injection rate of qi = 10,000 bpd. Finally, when tested against the Guthrie–Greenberger and the API statistical study, using a single field data set, the proposed correlations gave higher absolute percent difference of 22.9 and 22.7 compared to 0.758 and 19.2 for Guthrie–Greenberger and the API statistical study, respectively.

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Cormier, Kearsy, Adam C. Schembri, and Martha E. Tyrone. "One hand or two?" Sign Language and Linguistics 11, no. 1 (December 12, 2008): 3–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sll.11.1.03cor.

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In this paper, we focus on the nativisation process as a fully fingerspelled word or fingerspelled letters become a fingerspelled loan or initialised sign. Previous models of nativisation (e.g., Brentari & Padden 2001) have described forms derived from one-handed fingerspelling systems; however, fingerspelling can be either one- or two-handed. Thus we propose an extension of Brentari & Padden’s model that accounts for varying degrees of nativisation based on the extent to which native parameters (i.e., native handshapes, movements, locations and native combinations of the three) exist within a given sign. According to the extended model, there are five main criteria for delineating nativisation — the extent to which: (1) forms adhere to phonological constraints of the native lexicon, (2) parameters of the forms occur in the native lexicon, (3) native elements are added, (4) non-native elements are reduced (e.g., letters lost), and (5) native elements are integrated with non-native elements.

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Chauhan, Uttam, and Apurva Shah. "Improving Semantic Coherence of Gujarati Text Topic Model Using Inflectional Forms Reduction and Single-letter Words Removal." ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing 20, no. 1 (April 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3447760.

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A topic model is one of the best stochastic models for summarizing an extensive collection of text. It has accomplished an inordinate achievement in text analysis as well as text summarization. It can be employed to the set of documents that are represented as a bag-of-words, without considering grammar and order of the words. We modeled the topics for Gujarati news articles corpus. As the Gujarati language has a diverse morphological structure and inflectionally rich, Gujarati text processing finds more complexity. The size of the vocabulary plays an important role in the inference process and quality of topics. As the vocabulary size increases, the inference process becomes slower and topic semantic coherence decreases. If the vocabulary size is diminished, then the topic inference process can be accelerated. It may also improve the quality of topics. In this work, the list of suffixes has been prepared that encounters too frequently with words in Gujarati text. The inflectional forms have been reduced to the root words concerning the suffixes in the list. Moreover, Gujarati single-letter words have been eliminated for faster inference and better quality of topics. Experimentally, it has been proved that if inflectional forms are reduced to their root words, then vocabulary length is shrunk to a significant extent. It also caused the topic formation process quicker. Moreover, the inflectional forms reduction and single-letter word removal enhanced the interpretability of topics. The interpretability of topics has been assessed on semantic coherence, word length, and topic size. The experimental results showed improvements in the topical semantic coherence score. Also, the topic size grew notably as the number of tokens assigned to the topics increased.

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Smith, Stephen, and Neil Dalchau. "Model reduction enables Turing instability analysis of large reaction–diffusion models." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 15, no. 140 (March 2018): 20170805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2017.0805.

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Synthesizing a genetic network which generates stable Turing patterns is one of the great challenges of synthetic biology, but a significant obstacle is the disconnect between the mathematical theory and the biological reality. Current mathematical understanding of patterning is typically restricted to systems of two or three chemical species, for which equations are tractable. However, when models seek to combine descriptions of intercellular signal diffusion and intracellular biochemistry, plausible genetic networks can consist of dozens of interacting species. In this paper, we suggest a method for reducing large biochemical systems that relies on removing the non-diffusible species, leaving only the diffusibles in the model. Such model reduction enables analysis to be conducted on a smaller number of differential equations. We provide conditions to guarantee that the full system forms patterns if the reduced system does, and vice versa. We confirm our technique with three examples: the Brusselator, an example proposed by Turing, and a biochemically plausible patterning system consisting of 17 species. These examples show that our method significantly simplifies the study of pattern formation in large systems where several species can be considered immobile.

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Wang, Peng, Yifeng Zhong, Zheng Shi, Dan Luo, and Qingshan Yi. "Estimating of the Static and Dynamic Behaviors of Orthogrid-Stiffened FRP Panel Using Reduced-Order Plate Model." Materials 14, no. 17 (August 28, 2021): 4908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14174908.

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The orthogrid-stiffened FRP panel (OSFP) is a generic structural element in weight-sensitive structure applications. Based on the variational asymptotic method, a 2D reduced-order plate model (2D-RPM) of OSFP was constructed through matching the strain energy of the original panel for static and dynamic analyses. The local field distributions were recovered using the recovery relationship and global response. The relative influences of select parameters on the effective performance of the OSFP were revealed by parametric studies. The comparative results showed that the effective performance of the OSFP predicted by the 2D-RPM were consistent with those predicted by the 3D finite element model, but the computational efficiency was greatly improved. The stiffener height had the greatest influence on the natural frequency of the panel. The layup configurations of laminates had significant influences on the equivalent stiffness and buckling load of the OSFP but had little effect on the vibration modes, which could be varied by adjusting the stiffening forms.

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Lea, J. D., and J. S. Shonkwiler. "Misspecification in Simultaneous Systems: An Alternative Test and Its Application to a Model of the Shrimp Market." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 20, no. 2 (December 1988): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s008130520001760x.

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AbstractConcern over the effects of public policies based on misspecified econometric models motivates interest in a procedure to test, diagnose, and improve the specification of models that have been estimated with three-stage least squares. A test of system-wide specification based on Hausman's specification test is employed in a test of the a priori restrictions placed on the parameters of a structural model of the U.S. shrimp market. The null hypothesis of proper specification is rejected. After diagnosis via a comparison of unrestricted and restricted reduced forms and respecification, the null hypothesis cannot be rejected.

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Rong, Fumei, and Baochang Shi. "Incompressible lattice Boltzmann model for axisymmetric flows through porous media." International Journal of Modern Physics C 26, no. 04 (February 25, 2015): 1550036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183115500369.

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In this paper, an axisymmetric LBE model for incompressible flows through porous media is proposed. In this model, the influence of density change caused by large pressure difference can be overcome by replacing density distribution function with pressure distribution function. A more simple processing format for external force is introduced so as to make the involved method in this paper more perfect. The coupling between flow velocity and pressure also can be significantly reduced when calculating the macroscopic quantities. Good agreement between the analytical solution and numerical results is also obtained based on this model and it also can provide guidance for other problem with such complicated force forms.

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Moyer-Gusé, Emily, Katherine R. Dale, and Michelle Ortiz. "Reducing Prejudice Through Narratives." Journal of Media Psychology 31, no. 4 (October 2019): 185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000249.

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Abstract. Recent extensions to the contact hypothesis reveal that different forms of contact, such as mediated intergroup contact, can reduce intergroup anxiety and improve attitudes toward the outgroup. This study draws on existing research to further consider the role of identification with an ingroup character within a narrative depicting intergroup contact between Muslim and non-Muslim Americans. Results reveal that identification with the non-Muslim (ingroup) model facilitated liking the Muslim (outgroup) model, which reduced prejudice toward Muslims more generally. Identification with the ingroup model also increased conversational self-efficacy and reduced anxiety about future intergroup interactions – both important aspects of improving intergroup relations.

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Laudani, Antonino, Francesco Riganti Fulginei, and Alessandro Salvini. "High performing extraction procedure for the one-diode model of a photovoltaic panel from experimental I–V curves by using reduced forms." Solar Energy 103 (May 2014): 316–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2014.02.014.

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Hamlin, David, and Rolfe Leary. "Methods for using an integro-differential equation as a model of tree height growth." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17, no. 5 (May 1, 1987): 353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x87-061.

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An integro-differential equation model of tree height growth is developed, together with a biological interpretation of its coefficients. The integro-differential equation is reduced to a second order linear differential equation with constraints on its initial conditions. Because of the constraints, fitting of the differential equation is best accomplished using a multipoint boundary value approach. An example using stem analysis data is presented. The model fit the data well and was montonically increasing with an upper asymptote, although several other curve forms are possible.

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Wortley, Gary, Steven Leusner, Carolyn Good, Eric Gugger, and Raymond Glahn. "Iron availability of a fortified processed wheat cereal: a comparison of fourteen iron forms using an in vitro digestion/human colonic adenocarcinoma (CaCo-2) cell model." British Journal of Nutrition 93, no. 1 (January 2005): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20041294.

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In this three-phase study we first compared the availability of fourteen Fe forms in a wheat-based ready-to-eat breakfast cereal using an in vitro digestion/human colonic adenocarcinoma (CaCo-2) cell model. We then investigated the effect of milk and/or coffee on those fortified cereals found in phase 1 to show promising increases in Fe availability. The Fe forms assessed in phase 1 were reduced (control), carbonyl, electrolytic, FePO4, FeSO4, FeCO3, Na2FeEDTA, Ferrochel® (Albion Laboratories, Clearfield, UT, USA; ferrous bis-glycinate), encapsulated ferrous fumarate, FeSO4, ferrous lactate and Biofer® (LipoTech, Britwell Salome, Oxfordshire; FeSO4), SQM® (Sea-Questra-Min Iron; Quali Tech, Chaska, MN, USA; polysaccharide-complexed FeSO4) and Sun Active® (Taiyo Kagaku, Yokkaichi, Japan). All these forms increased Fe uptake compared with the unfortified cereal. Relative to the control, the following increases in Fe availability were observed: electrolytic, 52 %; ferrous fumarate, 30–35 %; Sun Active, 78 %; Ferrochel, 125 %; Na2FeEDTA, 291 %. Recent human studies have shown similar data with regard to Ferrochel, FeSO4 and Na2FeEDTA, with the latter being more bioavailable. Our phase-2 studies indicated that the addition of milk to FeSO4-fortified cereal increased Fe availability, but this availability was markedly decreased by the addition of coffee to the digest. Conversely, a loss in availability from Na2FeEDTA was observed with the addition of milk; however, the addition of coffee did not markedly affect Fe availability from this form. In phase-3 studies we observed increased Fe availability upon the addition of milk to cereals containing Ferrochel, FeSO4, Sun Active, a mixture of reduced Fe and Na2FeEDTA or reduced Fe. For these forms we did not assess the behaviour after the addition of coffee. In conclusion, when considering possible fortificants for optimizing Fe bioavailability within a foodstuff, it is of paramount importance to consider the interaction between the fortified foodstuffs and other components of the meal (such as milk and coffee with a breakfast).

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Anand, S., and Y. S. Mayya. "Comment on "Reduced efficacy of marine cloud brightening geoengineering due to in-plume aerosol coagulation: parameterization and global implications" by Stuart et al. (2013)." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 2 (January 21, 2015): 753–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-753-2015.

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Abstract. We examine the parameterized model of Stuart et al. (2013) vis-à-vis a diffusion-based model proposed by us earlier (Anand and Mayya, 2011) to estimate the fraction of aerosol particles surviving coagulation in a dispersing plume. While the Stuart et al. approach is based on the solutions to the coagulation problem in an expanding plume model, the diffusion-based approach solves the diffusion–coagulation equation for a steady-state standing plume to arrive at the survival fraction correlations. We discuss the differences in the functional forms of the survival fraction expressions obtained in the two approaches and compare the results for the case studies presented in Stuart et al. (2013) involving different particle emission rates and atmospheric stability categories. There appears to be a better agreement between the two models at higher survival fractions as compared to lower survival fractions; on the whole, the two models agree with each other within a difference of 10%. The diffusion-based expression involves a single exponent fit to a theoretically generated similarity variable combining the parameters of the problem with inbuilt exponents and hence avoids the multi-exponent parameterization exercise. It also possesses a wider range of applicability in respect of the source and atmospheric parameters as compared to that based on parameterization. However, in the diffusion model, the choice of a representative value for the coagulation coefficient is more prescriptive than rigorous, which has been addressed in a more satisfactory manner by the parameterization method. The present comparative exercise, although limited in scope, confirms the importance of aerosol microphysical processes envisaged by Stuart et al. for cloud brightening applications. In a larger context, it seems to suggest that either of the two forms of expressions might be suitable for incorporation into global-/regional-scale air pollution models for predicting the contribution of localized sources to the particle number loading in the atmosphere.

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Sklyarova, Ekaterina V., Yuri M. Nechepurenko, and Gennady A. Bocharov. "Numerical steady state analysis of the Marchuk–Petrov model of antiviral immune response." Russian Journal of Numerical Analysis and Mathematical Modelling 35, no. 2 (April 28, 2020): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rnam-2020-0008.

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Abstract The problem of guaranteed computation of all steady states of the Marchuk–Petrov model with fixed values of parameters and analysis of their stability are considered. It is shown that the system of ten nonlinear equations, nonnegative solutions of which are steady states, can be reduced to a system of two equations. The region of possible nonnegative solutions is analytically localized. An effective technology for computing all nonnegative solutions and analyzing their stability is proposed. The obtained results provide a computational basis for the study of chronic forms of viral infections using the Marchuk–Petrov model.

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Zamora, David O., Michael H. Davies, Stephen R. Planck, James T. Rosenbaum, and Michael R. Powers. "Soluble Forms of EphrinB2 and EphB4 Reduce Retinal Neovascularization in a Model of Proliferative Retinopathy." Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science 46, no. 6 (June 1, 2005): 2175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.04-0983.

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Kim, Seung Hun. "Flexural Behavior of Void RC and PC Slab with Polystyrene Forms." Key Engineering Materials 452-453 (November 2010): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.452-453.61.

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Where the self weight of the overall RC(Reinforced Concrete) or PC(Precast Concrete) floor system needs to be considered, the quantity of in-situ concrete required can be reduced by the application of polystyrene void forms to slab. In this study, flexural behaviors of void RC and PC slab with polystyrene form were evaluated to understand the effect on the self weight reduction of the slab. This paper presents experimental works and finite element analysis on the bending of the void slabs. Six specimens were tested. The main parameters of experiments were the slab types (RC and PC), the types and arrangement details of polystyrene form, and the thickness of slab. Structural behaviors of void slabs were evaluated on the basis of failure mode, load-displacement curve, and ultimate strengths. Test results indicated that nominal strengths by ACI code agreed well with experimental results. The results of analysis were compared with the results of test for estimating the validity of analysis model.

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Mikheev, Andrej Vyacheslavovich. "PROBABILITY MODEL OF POVERTY CALCULATION SUBJECT TO DIFFERENT FORMS OF INCOME TAXATION." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Management, computer science and informatics 2020, no. 4 (October 31, 2020): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2072-9502-2020-4-101-111.

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The article highlights a probabilistic model constructed for calculating the number of poor and the total income tax levied on all taxpayers under different income tax systems. There is considered the proportional income tax system adopted in the Russian Federation, as well as single-stage systems with both fixed and variable tax rates, in which individuals with low incomes are exempted from income tax. For these tax systems there have been found the dependences of the expected value of the number of the poor and the total income tax on the tax rate, tax-free minimum, and also on the laws of probabilities distribution of total income and the living wage of an individual. A numerical simulation of the found dependences was carried out. The conditions under which the abolition of income tax for individuals with low incomes reduces the number of poor were determined. Mathematical criteria are formulated with the help of which it is possible to assess the feasibility of moving from a proportional system to single-stage income tax systems.

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Blazis, Diana E. J., Thomas M. Fischer, and Thomas J. Carew. "A Neural Network Model of Inhibitory Information Processing in Aplysia." Neural Computation 5, no. 2 (March 1993): 213–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.1993.5.2.213.

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Recent cellular studies have revealed a novel form of inhibitory information processing in the siphon withdrawal reflex of the marine mollusc Aplysia: Motorneuronal output is significantly reduced by activity-dependent potentiation of recurrent inhibition within the siphon withdrawal network (Fischer and Carew 1991, 1993). This inhibitory modulation is mediated by two types of identified interneurons, L29s and L30s. In an effort to describe and analyze this and other forms of inhibitory information processing in Aplysia, and to compare it with similar processing in other nervous systems, we have constructed a neural network model that incorporates many empirically observed features of these interneurons. The model generates important aspects of the interactions of cells L29 and L30, and with no further modification, exhibits many network level phenomena that were not explicitly incorporated into the model.

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Merrill, Ray M., and Aaron Frutos. "Reduced Lung Cancer Mortality With Lower Atmospheric Pressure." Dose-Response 16, no. 2 (April 1, 2018): 155932581876948. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1559325818769484.

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Background: Research has shown that higher altitude is associated with lower risk of lung cancer and improved survival among patients. The current study assessed the influence of county-level atmospheric pressure (a measure reflecting both altitude and temperature) on age-adjusted lung cancer mortality rates in the contiguous United States, with 2 forms of spatial regression. Methods: Ordinary least squares regression and geographically weighted regression models were used to evaluate the impact of climate and other selected variables on lung cancer mortality, based on 2974 counties. Results: Atmospheric pressure was significantly positively associated with lung cancer mortality, after controlling for sunlight, precipitation, PM2.5 (µg/m3), current smoker, and other selected variables. Positive county-level β coefficient estimates ( P < .05) for atmospheric pressure were observed throughout the United States, higher in the eastern half of the country. Conclusion: The spatial regression models showed that atmospheric pressure is positively associated with age-adjusted lung cancer mortality rates, after controlling for other selected variables.

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GUREVICH, OLGA, and SCOTT A. WATERMAN. "MAPPING VERBAL ARGUMENT PREFERENCES TO DEVERBAL NOUNS." International Journal of Semantic Computing 03, no. 04 (December 2009): 527–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793351x09000902.

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We describe an experiment mapping semantic role preferences for transitive verbs to their deverbal nominal forms. The preferences are learned by data mining large parsed corpora. Preferences are modeled for deverbal/argument pairs, falling back to a model for the deverbal only when sufficient data is not available. Errors in role assignment are reduced by 30–40%.

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JANA, DIPAK KUMAR, K. MAITY, and M. MAITI. "NUMERICAL APPROACH TO AN OPTIMAL MULTI-ITEM IMPERFECT PRODUCTION CONTROL PROBLEM IN UNCERTAIN ENVIRONMENT." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 22, no. 01 (February 2014): 125–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488514500068.

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In this paper, some multi-item imperfect production-inventory models without shortages for defective and deteriorating items with uncertain/imprecise holding and production costs and resource constraint have been formulated and solved for optimal production. Here, the rate of production is assumed to be a function of time and considered as a control variable. Also the demand is time dependent and known. Uncertain or imprecise space constraint is also considered. The uncertain and imprecise holding and production costs are represented by uncertain and fuzzy variables respectively. These are converted to crisp constraint/numbers using uncertain measure theory for uncertain variable and possibility/necessity measure for fuzzy variable. The multi-item production inventory model is formulated as a constrained single objective cost minimization problem with the help of global criteria method. The reduced problem is then solved using Kuhn-Tucker conditions and generalized reduced gradient(GRG-LINGO 10.0) technique. Form the general model, models for particular cases with different production and demand functions are derived. Models for a single item are also presented. The optimum results for different models are presented in both tabular and graphical forms. Sensitivity analysis of average cost for the general model with respect to the changes in holding and production costs are presented.

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Литвиненко and E. Litvinenko. "Modulating Activity of the "Selenaza" in Various Doses to Conjugating System of No/Glutathione in the Ischemic Brain of Experimental Animals." Journal of New Medical Technologies 22, no. 1 (February 11, 2015): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/9073.

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The authors have identified priority units – target neuroprotective therapy aimed at restoring the ratio NO/glutathione restored. For this purpose, animals with acute cerebral blood flow (stroke) were injected modulator selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase medicament "Selenaza" in various doses. In the experiment, the authors used the model of bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries – by type of ischemic stroke to Wistar rats. It has been shown that the administration of different dosages "Selenaza" significantly reduces stress marker nitrosating stress - nitrotyrosine, improves the reduced glutathione and glutathione peroxidase enzyme, modifies thiol-disulfide equilibrium in the direction of its reduced forms. According to effect – dose dependence, the concentrations of sodium selenite were calculated ED50 drug "Selenaza", it was 50 ug/ml. Conclusions: These results suggest that selenium protects neurons against hypoxic/ischemic damage by reducing oxidative stress, restoring mitochondrial functional activities, as well as increase levels of reduced glutathione and glutathione peroxidase and reduce markers of nitrosating stress- nitrotyrosine.

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Tucker, Patrick S., Aaron T. Scanlan, and Vincent J. Dalbo. "High Intensity Interval Training Favourably Affects Angiotensinogen mRNA Expression and Markers of Cardiorenal Health in a Rat Model of Early-Stage Chronic Kidney Disease." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/156584.

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The majority of CKD-related complications stem from cardiovascular pathologies such as hypertension. To help reduce cardiovascular complications, aerobic exercise is often prescribed. Emerging evidence suggests high intensity interval training (HIIT) may be more beneficial than traditional aerobic exercise. However, appraisals of varying forms of aerobic exercise, along with descriptions of mechanisms responsible for health-related improvements, are lacking. This study examined the effects of 8 weeks of HIIT (85% VO2max), versus low intensity aerobic exercise (LIT; 45–50% VO2max) and sedentary behaviour (SED), in an animal model of early-stage CKD. Tissue-specific mRNA expression of RAAS-related genes and CKD-related clinical markers were examined. Compared to SED, HIIT resulted in increased plasma albumin (p=0.001), reduced remnant kidney weight (p=0.028), and reduced kidney weight-body weight ratios (p=0.045). Compared to LIT, HIIT resulted in reducedAgtmRNA expression (p=0.035), reduced plasma LDL (p=0.001), triglycerides (p=0.029), and total cholesterol (p=0.002), increased plasma albumin (p=0.047), reduced remnant kidney weight (p=0.005), and reduced kidney weight-body weight ratios (p=0.048). These results suggest HIIT is a more potent regulator of several markers that describe and influence health in CKD.

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Aizhulov, D. Y., N. M. Shayakhmetov, and A. Kaltayev. "Quantitative Model of the Formation Mechanism of the Rollfront Uranium Deposits." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 20, no. 3 (September 28, 2018): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj724.

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The rollfront type deposits are crescent shaped accumulation of mineralization including uranium, selenium, molybdenum in reduced permeable sandstones. It generally forms within a geochemical barrier between mostly reduced and predominantly oxidized environments. Redox reactions between oxidant and reductant creates favorable conditions for uranium precipitation, while constant flow of oxidant continuously dissolves uranium minerals thereby creating a reactive transport. Several previous works had either focused on the characteristics of the rollfront type deposits, or on the description of chemical and geological processes involved in their genesis. Based on these previous works, authors aimed to mimic laboratory experiments numerically by reactive flow and numerical simulation. Data from one particular experiment was used to determine reaction rates between reactants to produce a model of reactive transport and chemical processes involved in the formation of rollfront type deposits. The resulting model was used to identify the causes of crescent like formations and to determine main mechanisms influencing rollfront evolution. A better understanding and simulation of the mechanism involved in the formation of rollfront type deposits and their properties would contribute to decreased exploration and production costs of commodities trapped within such accumulations. The results of this work can be used to model other deposits formed through infiltration and subsequent precipitation of various minerals at the redox interface.

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Anxolabéhère-Mallart, Elodie, Thorsten Glaser, Patrick Frank, Alessandro Aliverti, Giuliana Zanetti, Britt Hedman, Keith O. Hodgson, and Edward I. Solomon. "Sulfur K-Edge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy of 2Fe−2S Ferredoxin: Covalency of the Oxidized and Reduced 2Fe Forms and Comparison to Model Complexes." Journal of the American Chemical Society 123, no. 23 (June 2001): 5444–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja010472t.

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Şahin, Utkucan. "Projections of Turkey's electricity generation and installed capacity from total renewable and hydro energy using fractional nonlinear grey Bernoulli model and its reduced forms." Sustainable Production and Consumption 23 (July 2020): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2020.04.004.

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Droste, Pepe. "Voll- und Reduktionsformen im Dienst der Klammer." Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur 142, no. 2 (May 26, 2020): 153–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bgsl-2020-0012.

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AbstractWith rapid increases of token frequency, the formerly weak regular verb haben ›have‹ has been affected by processes of reduction and irregularization that led to a suppletive paradigm in New High German. In contemporary spoken German, haben may even show further reductions, resulting in a short-form paradigm. However, current empirical research documents extensive variation of full and reduced forms in spoken German and provides indications that this variation may be linked to the verbal brace. In this paper, we present the results of a corpus study testing the effects of the verbal brace on the form of haben. We find that the form systematically varies as a function of syntactic position, i. e. that reduced forms occur when haben is positioned in the left brace and full forms occur when haben is positioned in the right brace. First, a mixed-model regression analysis reveals that the verbal brace has the strongest effect on the variation net of theoretically relevant controls. Second, an interactional-linguistic analysis of deviant cases shows that reduced variants in the right brace are recurrently used for the management of turn-taking. We conclude by discussing the consequences for the paradigm of the verb and how the results shed light on the importance and development-in-progress of the framing principle in German.

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Hartmann, Thomas, and Annita Martinelli-Becker. "Challenges in the Fabrication of Ceramic Technetium Waste Forms." MRS Advances 3, no. 51 (2018): 3041–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.518.

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ABSTRACTIn this research we can demonstrate, that fission technetium-99 can be successfully immobilized as tetravalent cation in solid state refractory oxides such as pyrochlores and perovskites. Pyrochlores show excellent performance in ASTM C1220-10 type corrosion testing and have the ability to structurally bond Tc-99 and therefore avoid the formation of highly-mobile, pertechnetate species under conditions of a generic repository. We have fabricated lanthanide technetium oxides using either dry-chemical ceramic processing, or wet-chemical coprecipitation methods. Tc pyrochlores have shown better Tc retention and corrosion resistance compared with Tc-containing LAWE4-type borosilicate glass, combined with 50-times higher waste loading. However, mechanical properties (fracture toughness, compressive strength) of the pyrochlores are lacking and the microstructure shows high open porosity of about 50 %. To improve these properties we tested a variety of measures such as hot-pressing or the combination of hot pressing and high-temperature synthesis, but the improvement was minor and Tc and the surrogate Ru were partly reduced. The presence of metallic inclusions has strong impact on Tc retention and release rates increased more than tenfold. We have further developed a wet-chemical coprecipitation synthesis route followed by calcination and a 4-days high-temperature sintering cycle for the model composition Sm2(Ru0.5Ti0.5)2O7 where titanium oxide was added as sintering agent. The ceramic surrogate waste forms showed improved theoretical densities of about 73 % combined with sufficient mechanical strength, while maintaining ruthenium in the tetravalent state.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Model of reduced forms'

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