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Journal articles on the topic 'Model package of measures'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Zhang, Yanhong, Meng Wang, and Yingfu Yu. "Telecommunications package recommendation algorithm based on Deep forest." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2078, no. 1 (2021): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2078/1/012014.

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Abstract In view of the wide variety of telecom packages and the difficulty of adapting to the needs of users, this paper introduces a recommendation model for telecom packages based on deep forests. This paper first analyzes the telecom package data, and then optimizes the deep forest according to its characteristics such as discrete, continuous attribute interleaving and high coupling characteristics, including the use of decision trees to discretize continuous features and design continuous window sliding mechanism. These methods can improve the ability of deep forest combination high coupl

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Mrzljak, Vedran, and Božica Žarković. "Numerical analysis of the fuel spray packages penetration and gas inflow from quasi-dimensional di diesel engine numerical model." Zbornik Veleučilišta u Rijeci 7, no. 1 (2019): 335–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31784/zvr.7.1.11.

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The paper presents two components of developed quasi-dimensional numerical model: spray package penetration and gas inflow from the zone without combustion into the spray packages. Correction of spray package penetration along the fuel spray radial axis is presented and described numerically. Numerical model simulation is validated in several measured operating points of direct injection diesel engine, after which the simulation results are presented. According to numerical model settings, each fuel spray was divided into packages (control volumes). In the same time interval, the shortest pene

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Sharp, E. H., N. Cockbain, D. Offin, R. Bernard, and S. Dixon. "Using the acoustic frequency response of special nuclear material packages to measure internal pressure." Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 67, no. 7 (2025): 393–98. https://doi.org/10.1784/insi.2025.67.7.393.

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This paper investigates the acoustic frequency response of a Magnox package with internal pressure ranging from below atmospheric pressure to 3 bar. Vibrational resonant frequencies are measured using electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) and a finite element (FE) model is used to aid in interpreting the experimental results. This work builds on two previous studies that explored the vibrational resonant frequency response of Magnox packages at internal pressures above atmospheric pressure and addresses a gap in the literature by extending the analysis over a wider pressure range than t

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Zambom, Adriano, and Jongwook Kim. "New Algorithms and Software for Significance Controlled Variable Selection." Statistics, Optimization & Information Computing 10, no. 3 (2022): 949–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.19139/soic-2310-5070-1520.

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Stepwise regression algorithms have been widely used for a variety of applications and continue to be a fundamental tool in variable selection. Most functions available in statistical software packages deliver models that may contain insignificant predictors because of the criterion of the optimization at each step. Here we introduce an R package that provides the user with several measures of the prospective model at each step of the algorithm. These prospective models are checked with multiple testing p-value corrections such as Bonferroni and False Discovery Rate and hence the algorithm's f

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Kolen, Bas, Laurens Znidarsic, Andreas Voss, et al. "SARS-CoV-2 Risk Quantification Model and Validation Based on Large-Scale Dutch Test Events." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 12 (2022): 7238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127238.

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In response to the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, many governments decided in 2020 to impose lockdowns on societies. Although the package of measures that constitute such lockdowns differs between countries, it is a general rule that contact between people, especially in large groups of people, is avoided or prohibited. The main reasoning behind these measures is to prevent healthcare systems from becoming overloaded. As of 2021 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are available, but these do not guarantee 100% risk reduction and it will take a while for the world to reach a sufficient immune status. This rai

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Amini, Shahram, and Christopher F. Parmeter. "A Review of the ‘BMS’ Package for R with Focus on Jointness." Econometrics 8, no. 1 (2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/econometrics8010006.

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We provide a general overview of Bayesian model averaging (BMA) along with the concept of jointness. We then describe the relative merits and attractiveness of the newest BMA software package, BMS, available in the statistical language R to implement a BMA exercise. BMS provides the user a wide range of customizable priors for conducting a BMA exercise, provides ample graphs to visualize results, and offers several alternative model search mechanisms. We also provide an application of the BMS package to equity premia and describe a simple function that can easily ascertain jointness measures o

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Kolarik, William J., Jeffrey C. Woldstad, and Shuxia Lu. "Real-Time Human Performance Reliability Assessment." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 44, no. 22 (2000): 843–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120004402290.

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This paper describes a real-time conditional human reliability model constructed to predict the likelihood of human performance metrics exceeding critical boundaries in a future time interval. The model is implemented by collecting real-time data from selected performance measures, modeling and forecasting these measures, and then converting the forecast results into reliability measures. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed model, a prototype software package has been developed and tested for a simple movement task.

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Kaija, Kimmo, and Pekka Heino. "Transient Thermal Characterization of a Stacked Multichip Package." Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging 4, no. 1 (2007): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/1551-4897-4.1.23.

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This paper is a case study of the thermal behavior of a stacked multichip package (SMCP). The aim is to measure temperature responses when heat is dissipated on different dice and to characterize the behavior with a compact thermal model (CTM) that accurately models steady-state and transient responses with a simple thermal RC -network. The measured package consists of three stacked layers, where each layer has one thinned flip chip attached die on an aramid interposer. The package's thermal responses were measured with thermal test dice that contain heaters and temperature sensors. The packag

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Kowalewski, Michał. "Paleofidelity: An R Package for Measuring and Visualizing Live-Dead Fidelity." Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 60, no. 2 (2023): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.58782/flmnh.ffbf2967.

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Live-dead fidelity analysis, one of the key approaches of conservation paleobiology, aims to measure the congruence between living communities and sympatric death assemblages. Typically, data involve compositional matrices with counts of specimens grouped by variables (typically taxa) and observations (typically sampling units). The most common targets of live-dead comparisons are diversity fidelity (especially alpha diversity and evenness) and compositional fidelity (faunal agreement). A beta version of a new package dedicated to analyzing and visualizing live-dead fidelity is available on Gi

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Mohd, Redza Bin Mahmud. "Selection of Risk Assessment Criteria: Minimising Risk for Offloading Area and Port Tanjung Pelepas Channel." International Journal of Business Management and Technology 4, no. 3 (2023): 140–48. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7663166.

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These journal contain communication data, as well as other reference review especially navigating the high-risk operation area within Sungai Pulai and Port Tanjung Pelepas. The purpose of this guideline is to provide guidance to the Master and officers on board the ship with respect to the steps to be taken when an incident has occurred or is likely to occur. With restriction due to current, tide, wind direction, and traffic flow from inbound or outbound the Outer Port Limit (OPL) of Port Tanjung Pelepas, this plan will assist thae Master of vessel to coordinate and address any immediate emerg

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Talasila, P. Chowdary, Arthur C. Cameron, and Dennis W. Joles. "236 RESPIRATION AND TEMPERATURE VARIATION EFFECTS ON MA PACKAGING OF STRAWBERRIES AND RASPBERRIES." HortScience 29, no. 5 (1994): 463c—463. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.463c.

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Natural variation of product respiration rate and temperature variation during shipping and marketing influence the atmosphere inside MA packages. Respiration rate variation data was collected at 0C and 5.5C for `Allstar' and `Honeoye' strawberries and at 5.5C for `Heritage' raspberries. Coefficient of variation was 8% for raspberries and ranged from 6.5% to 12.5% for strawberries. To determine package-to-package variations, steady-state O2 partial pressures were measured in 100 similarly designed packages and frequency distributions were constructed. For `Honeoye' variety, `O2 partial pressur

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Talasila, P. Chowdary, and Arthur C. Cameron. "Free Volume Changes in Modified-atmosphere Packages Containing Fresh Produce: Measurement and Control." HortScience 30, no. 4 (1995): 817E—817. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.817e.

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Flexible modified-atmosphere (MA) packages of fruits and vegetables can shrink or expand with time depending on the net flux of gas from the package to the surroundings. Excessive shrinkage can cause product damage if the tissue is fragile. However, reducing free volume should reduce the amount moisture loss and condensation. It would be useful to understand the factors that determine the rate and direction of free volume changes when applying MA packaging technology to fruits and vegetables. Free volume was measured in packages using a simple procedure based on dilution of injected ethane gas

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Waqar, Muhammad, Geunyong Bak, Junhyeong Kwon, and Sanghyeon Baeg. "DDR4 BER Degradation Due to Crack in FBGA Package Solder Ball." Electronics 10, no. 12 (2021): 1445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10121445.

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This paper measures bit error rate degradation in DDR4 due to crack in fine pitch ball grid array (FBGA) package solder ball. Thermal coefficient mismatch between the package and printed circuit board material causes cracks to occur in solder balls. These cracks change the electrical model of the solder ball and introduce parallel capacitance in the electrical model. The capacitance causes higher frequency attenuation and closes the data eye. As the data rate of the DDR4 increases there are more data eye closures. The data eye closure causes bit error rate (BER) degradation as the timing margi

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Yan, Shuxia, Xiaoyi Jin, Yaoqian Zhang, Weiguang Shi, and Jia Wen. "Neurospace Mapping Modeling for Packaged Transistors." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (October 1, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4584069.

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This paper presents a novel Neurospace Mapping (Neuro-SM) method for packaged transistor modeling. A new structure consisting of the input package module, the nonlinear module, the output package module, and the S-Matrix calculation module is proposed for the first time. The proposed method can develop the model only using the terminal signals, instead of the internal and physical structure information of the transistors. An advanced training method utilizing the different parameters to adjust the different characteristics of the packaged transistors is developed to make the proposed model mat

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Soleymani, Hanieh, Mehdi Ravanshadnia, and Mehdi Montazer. "An Innovative Conceptual Model to Structure Financing Package of Infrastructure Projects." Shock and Vibration 2021 (October 22, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6711408.

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Understanding the correct way to determine the financing package for infrastructure projects, identifying proper processes, resources, techniques, and instruments to realize successful financing approaches, and private sector participation in providing development infrastructures are irrefutable. The main purpose of this study is to present a comprehensive model covering these complex issues. To this end, using the library studies, receiving expert opinion, and recognizing international financing processes, information was gathered on this subject; therefore, in this paper, the model of design

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Nguyen, Yet, and Dan Nettleton. "rmRNAseq: differential expression analysis for repeated-measures RNA-seq data." Bioinformatics 36, no. 16 (2020): 4432–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa525.

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Abstract Motivation With the reduction in price of next-generation sequencing technologies, gene expression profiling using RNA-seq has increased the scope of sequencing experiments to include more complex designs, such as designs involving repeated measures. In such designs, RNA samples are extracted from each experimental unit at multiple time points. The read counts that result from RNA sequencing of the samples extracted from the same experimental unit tend to be temporally correlated. Although there are many methods for RNA-seq differential expression analysis, existing methods do not pro

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C. U., Osuagwu, and Okenwe I. "Simple Regression Models: A Comparison using Criteria Measures." African Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Studies 7, no. 2 (2024): 131–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajmss-vklvnuu5.

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The study is on simple regression models: a comparison using criteria measures. The source of the dataset used for this study was extracted from records of the Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo State, on weight of babies and hemoglobin level of mothers. The response variable is weight of babies while the explanatory variable is hemoglobin level of mothers. Eleven simple regression models—Linear, Growth, Quadratic, Polynomial, Logarithmic, Hyperbolic, Power, Exponential Growth, Square Root, Sinusoidal and Arctangent—were stated and employed for the study. For ease of data analysis, E-views pa

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Mallouppas, George, Elias Yfantis, Angelos Ktoris, and Constantina Ioannou. "Methodology to Assess the Technoeconomic Impacts of the EU Fit for 55 Legislation Package in Relation to Shipping." Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 8 (2022): 1006. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10081006.

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The recent inclusion of shipping in the Fit for 55 legislation package will have large knock-on effects on the industry and consequently on end consumers. The present paper presents an innovative top-down methodology, the MSF455 model, which estimates the new vessel Operational Expenditure (OPEX) as per the provisions of the Fit for 55 package and various scenarios based on carbon tax, penalty allowances, maritime fuel tax and effect. The methodology is presented and tested against six scenarios that are based on Det Norske Veritas’s (DNV) fuel maritime projections. The model illustrates

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Pollard, Daniel John, Anju Keetharuth, Alan Brennan, et al. "A model based cost-utility analysis of Embedding referral to structured self-management education into standard practice (Embedding) compared to usual care for people with type 2 diabetes diagnosis in the last 12 months in England." BMJ Open 15, no. 2 (2025): e093327. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-093327.

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Objectives To conduct a cost-utility analysis of an implementation package that has been developed aiming to embed the referral of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to structured self-management education (SSME) from primary care into routine practice compared with usual care. Design Model-based cost-effectiveness analysis using the School for Public Health Research type 2 diabetes treatment model. With costs and effectiveness parameters coming from analyses of data from a cluster randomised control trial. Setting English National Health Service. Participants People with T2DM from 64

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Hopsch, Fabian, Robert Trieb, and Andy Heinig. "Construction Kit of RF-Blocks in Package Technologies." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2020, no. 1 (2020): 000021–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4505-2020.1.000021.

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Abstract Advanced packages are necessary to cope with the requirements of 5G and radar technologies with 60 GHz and beyond. For proper RF design with rising package technology requirements demands for usage of predefined structures with predefined layout elements, manufactured and measured elements. This paper deals with an approach to have such elements available to build advanced types of packages in shorter time compared to classical approaches. The approach is a general approach but it is demonstrated with an advanced two-level package-on-package technology with a leading edge IC technolog

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Carl, Gudrun, Sam Levin, and Ingolf Kühn. "spind: an R Package to Account for Spatial Autocorrelation in the Analysis of Lattice Data." Biodiversity Data Journal 6 (February 28, 2018): e20760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/bdj.6.e20760.

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spind is an R package aiming to provide a useful toolkit to account for spatial dependence in the analysis of lattice data. Grid-based data sets in spatial modelling often exhibit spatial dependence, i.e. values sampled at nearby locations are more similar than those sampled further apart. spind methods, described here, take this kind of two-dimensional dependence into account and are sensitive to its variation across different spatial scales. Methods presented to account for spatial autocorrelation are based on the two fundamentally different approaches of generalised estimating equations as

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Ocker, Stella Koch, and James M. Cordes. "NE2001p: A Native Python Implementation of the NE2001 Galactic Electron Density Model." Research Notes of the AAS 8, no. 1 (2024): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2515-5172/ad1bf1.

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Abstract The Galactic electron density model NE2001 describes the multicomponent ionized structure of the Milky Way interstellar medium. NE2001 forward models the dispersion and scattering of compact radio sources, including pulsars, fast radio bursts, active galactic nuclei, and masers, and the model is routinely used to predict the distances of radio sources lacking independent distance measures. Here we present the open-source package NE2001p, a fully Python implementation of NE2001. The model parameters are identical to NE2001 but the computational architecture is optimized for Python, yie

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Delker, Collin. "A Comprehensive Open-Source R Software For Statistical Metrology Calculations: From Uncertainty Evaluation To Risk Analysis." NCSLI Measure 13, no. 3 (2021): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.51843/measure.13.3.7.

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Whether calibrating equipment or inspecting products on the factory floor, metrology requires many complicated statistical calculations to achieve a full understanding and evaluation of measurement uncertainty and quality. In order to assist its workforce in performing these calculations in a consistent and rigorous way, the Primary Standards Lab at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) has developed a free and open-source software package for computing various metrology calculations from uncertainty propagation to risk analysis. In addition to propagating uncertainty through a measurement model

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Carl, Gudrun, Sam Levin, and Ingolf Kühn. "spind: an R Package to Account for Spatial Autocorrelation in the Analysis of Lattice Data." Biodiversity Data Journal 6 (February 28, 2018): e20760. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.6.e20760.

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<em>spind</em> is an R package aiming to provide a useful toolkit to account for spatial dependence in the analysis of lattice data. Grid-based data sets in spatial modelling often exhibit spatial dependence, i.e. values sampled at nearby locations are more similar than those sampled further apart. <em>spind</em> methods, described here, take this kind of two-dimensional dependence into account and are sensitive to its variation across different spatial scales. Methods presented to account for spatial autocorrelation are based on the two fundamentally different approaches of generalised estima

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Astutik, Fitriyah Ika, M. Nur, and T. Prastowo. "Perangkat Pembelajaran Fisika Model Project Based Learning (PJBL) untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Proses Sains SMA." FIKROTUNA 10, no. 02 (2020): 1338–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32806/jf.v10i02.3791.

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The aim of this research is to produce a physics learning package using Project Based Learning (PjBL) model that valid to increase students science process skill. This research was conducted using these stages from 4-D model, which are defining, designing and developing. Learning package tested in 11st grade of Islamic An-Nidhomiah Senior High School in odd semester of academic year 2017/2018. Learning tools developed which include (a) Syllabus, (b) Lesson Plan, (c) Student Book, (d) Worksheet, and (e) Sheet Assesment. Parameter measured were the validity of package learning with Project Based

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Zhang, Ying, Daniel Jian Sun, and Alexandra Kondyli. "An Empirical Framework for Intersection Optimization Based on Uniform Design." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7396250.

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Operational performance optimization of signalized intersections is one of the most important tasks for traffic engineers and researchers. To compensate for the limitations of practical implementation, simulation software packages have been widely used to evaluate different optimization strategies and thus to improve the efficiency of the intersections as well as the entire network. However, for the existing optimization studies on signalized intersections, the relationships among various optimization measures and the combination of strategies have not been fully investigated. In this paper, u

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Nelson, Andrew. "Co-refinement of multiple-contrast neutron/X-ray reflectivity data usingMOTOFIT." Journal of Applied Crystallography 39, no. 2 (2006): 273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889806005073.

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The contrast-variation technique is employed in multiple-contrast neutron/X-ray reflectometry experiments to highlight scattering from different structural components that are present at a surface or interface. The advantage of this technique is that the structural model used to describe the interfacial scattering length density profile must apply to all the contrasts measured. A new reflectivity analysis package,MOTOFIT, which runs in theIGOR Proenvironment (http://www.wavemetrics.com), has been created to aid the simultaneous fitting (with the same structural model) of these multiple-contras

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Talasila, Panchanadham C., Arthur C. Cameron, and Dennis W. Joles. "Frequency Distribution of Steady-state Oxygen Partial Pressures in Modified-atmosphere Packages of Cut Broccoli." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 119, no. 3 (1994): 556–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.119.3.556.

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In one set of modified-atmosphere (MA) packages of cut broccoli (Brassica oleracea L., Italica Group), O2 partial pressures ranged from 1.2 to 3.6 kPa at 0C [88 packages, 0.00268-cm-thick low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film, 600-cm2 film area, 40±0.5 g cut broccoli], and in another set (94 packages, same film and area as before, 25±0.5 g cut broccoli) they ranged from 5.0 to 9.2 kPa. For characterizing O2 uptake as a function of O2 partial pressure and determining anaerobic fermentation induction point at 0C, a range of steady-state package O2 partial pressures was generated by placing differ

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Vicente, Paula C. R. "Evaluating the Effect of Planned Missing Designs in Structural Equation Model Fit Measures." Psych 5, no. 3 (2023): 983–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/psych5030064.

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In a planned missing design, the nonresponses occur according to the researcher’s will, with the goal of increasing data quality and avoiding overly extensive questionnaires. When adjusting a structural equation model to the data, there are different criteria to evaluate how the theoretical model fits the observed data, with the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), standardized root mean square residual (SRMR), comparative fit index (CFI) and Tucker–Lewis index (TLI) being the most common. Here, I explore the effect of the nonresponses due to a specific planned missing design—the t

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Kwame, Amoah B. O., Nguyen V. Troy, and Najafi Hamidreza. "A Multi-Facet Retrofit Approach to Improve Energy Efficiency of Existing Class of Single-Family Residential Buildings in Hot-Humid Climate Zones." Energies 13, no. 5 (2020): 1178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13051178.

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Targeting existing residential buildings for retrofit improvement presents significant prospects for global reduction of energy-usage and carbon footprints. Energy consumption of the existing single-family building in the hot-humid climate zone needs to be targeted for improvement due to their potential energy-savings and sizeable market share. This paper proposes and evaluates energy savings and cost-effectiveness of a whole building retrofit package for single-family residential buildings built between 1950 and 1970. The study outlined a survey conducted using the clustering data mining tech

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Yeung, Dickson T. S., and Matthew M. F. Yuen. "Warpage of Plastic IC Packages as a Function of Processing Conditions." Journal of Electronic Packaging 123, no. 3 (1999): 268–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1349421.

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Variation of processing conditions on warpage prediction of a plastic quad flat package (PQFP) is examined. Thermal mismatch between package constituent materials is the major cause of IC package warpage. To minimize the warpage problem, a thorough understanding of epoxy molding compound (EMC) properties with molding parameters is necessary as EMC is epoxy-based with time and temperature dependent viscoelastic properties. This paper first addressed the thermal characterization of encapsulating material. Degree-of-cure (DOC or β), coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE or α), glass transition te

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Gonzales-Barron, Ursula, Régis Pouillot, Juliana De Oliveira Mota, et al. "A Quantitative Risk Assessment Model for Listeria monocytogenes in Non-Ready-to-Eat Frozen Vegetables." Foods 13, no. 22 (2024): 3610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13223610.

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A quantitative risk assessment (QRA) model was developed to evaluate the risk of invasive listeriosis from the consumption of non-ready-to-eat (non-RTE) frozen vegetables. On a lot basis, the QRA model simulates Listeria monocytogenes concentration and prevalence in a “Processing module” that comprises blanching, potential recontamination and packaging, any post-packaging inactivation treatment, and within-lot end-product testing and in a subsequent “Consumer’s handling module” that encompasses portioning of frozen vegetables, defrosting, and cooking. Based on available published data, the mod

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Smith, Robert W., Rosmalen Rik P. van, dos Santos Vitor A. P. Martins, and Christian Fleck. "DMPy: a Python package for automated mathematical model construction of large-scale metabolic systems." BMC Systems Biology 12, no. 1 (2018): 72. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12918-018-0584-8.

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<strong>Background: </strong>Models of metabolism are often used in biotechnology and pharmaceutical research to identify drug targets or increase the direct production of valuable compounds. Due to the complexity of large metabolic systems, a number of conclusions have been drawn using mathematical methods with simplifying assumptions. For example, constraint-based models describe changes of internal concentrations that occur much quicker than alterations in cell physiology. Thus, metabolite concentrations and reaction fluxes are fixed to constant values. This greatly reduces the mathematical

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Smirnov, Yaroslav O. "A SET OF MEASURES TO SUPPORT THE RENEWAL OF THE CIVIL FLEET: FEES, CREDIT INSTRUMENTS AND REGULATORY APPROACHES." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 4/11, no. 157 (2025): 21–27. https://doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2025.04.11.003.

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The article addresses the systemic issue of aging in Russia’s civil fleet and proposes an integrated solution based on a combination of tariff, insurance, and regulatory instruments. Unlike conventional state support measures, the emphasis is placed on tools that do not require direct budget funding but effectively shift shipowners’ incentives by increasing the cost of operating outdated vessels. The study reviews international practices, compares global fleet data, and outlines a reform package including differentiated port charges, mandatory inspections, an updated insurance model, and cabot

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Straatsma, Menno W., and Maarten G. Kleinhans. "Flood hazard reduction from automatically applied landscaping measures in RiverScape, a Python package coupled to a two-dimensional flow model." Environmental Modelling & Software 101 (March 2018): 102–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.12.010.

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Watanabe, Takashi, Kaori Ambe, and Masahiro Tohkin. "Streamlining Considerations for Safety Measures: A Predictive Model for Addition of Clinically Significant Adverse Reactions to Japanese Drug Package Inserts." Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 47, no. 3 (2024): 611–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b23-00846.

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Kim, Jichul, Jae Choon Kim, Mina Choi, et al. "Simultaneous Characterization of Theta-JC and Theta-JB Using Through-Package 1-D Heat Flow." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2011, no. 1 (2011): 000947–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2011-tha2-paper5.

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A new technique is proposed for simultaneous, in-situ characterization of in-package thermal resistances (junction-to-case and junction-to-board) in a single test. A thin resistive heater is patterned on package top surface to establish one-dimensional heat conduction along the package vertical direction. Accompanying temperature rise at the heater is measured using a thermocouple and analyzed to estimate equivalent thermal R-C network model of the package. Due to the one-dimensionality of the probing thermal wave, the derived R-C network model represents physical package thermal structure, en

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Gary, Sebastian, Wolfgang Lenhard, and Alexandra Lenhard. "Modelling Norm Scores with the cNORM Package in R." Psych 3, no. 3 (2021): 501–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/psych3030033.

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In this article, we explain and demonstrate how to model norm scores with the cNORM package in R. This package is designed specifically to determine norm scores when the latent ability to be measured covaries with age or other explanatory variables such as grade level. The mathematical method used in this package draws on polynomial regression to model a three-dimensional hyperplane that smoothly and continuously captures the relation between raw scores, norm scores and the explanatory variable. By doing so, it overcomes the typical problems of classical norming methods, such as overly large a

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Boutelier, David, Christoph Schrank, and Klaus Regenauer-Lieb. "2-D finite displacements and strain from particle imaging velocimetry (PIV) analysis of tectonic analogue models with TecPIV." Solid Earth 10, no. 4 (2019): 1123–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1123-2019.

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Abstract. Image correlation techniques have provided new ways to analyse the distribution of deformation in analogue models of tectonics in space and time. Here, we demonstrate, using a new version of our software package (TecPIV), how the correlation of successive time-lapse images of a deforming model allows not only to evaluate the components of the strain-rate tensor at any time in the model but also to calculate the finite displacements and finite strain tensor. We illustrate with synthetic images how the algorithm produces maps of the velocity gradients, small-strain tensor components, i

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Kwon, Min-Ji, Yun Hee Jo, Duck Soon An, and Dong Sun Lee. "Applicability of Simplified Simulation Models for Perforation-Mediated Modified Atmosphere Packaging of Fresh Produce." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/267629.

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The comprehensive mass balances of differential equations involving gas diffusion and hydraulic convection through package perforation, gas permeation through polymeric film, and produce respiration have commonly been used to predict the atmosphere of perforated fresh produce packages. However, the predictions often suffer from instability, and to circumvent this problem, a simplified diffusion model that omits the convective gas transfer and empirical models based on experimental mass transfer data have been developed and investigated previously by several researchers. This study investigated

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Rayasam, Mahidhar, Terrace B. Thompson, Ganesh Subbarayan, C. Gurumurthy, and J. R. Wilcox. "A Model for Assessing the Shape of Solder Joints in the Presence of PCB and Package Warpage." Journal of Electronic Packaging 128, no. 3 (2005): 184–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2227058.

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Our goals in this paper are to develop and demonstrate a computationally efficient methodology for assessing the effect of circuit board warpage, component warpage, and solder volume variation on the shape of the solder joints in area array packages. The effect of warpage is analyzed using a two-step procedure in the present paper. In the first step, the restoring forces and moments (in the molten state of solder droplet) that result from a given solder joint height, solder material volume, pad diameter, and pad inclination are predicted using the surface tension theory. In the second step of

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Pambabay-Calero, Johny J., Sergio A. Bauz-Olvera, Ana B. Nieto-Librero, Maria Purificación Galindo-Villardón, and Ana B. Sánchez-García. "A tutorial for meta-analysis of diagnostic tests for low-prevalence diseases: Bayesian models and software." Methodology 16, no. 3 (2020): 258–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/meth.4015.

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Although measures such as sensitivity and specificity are used in the study of diagnostic test accuracy, these are not appropriate for integrating heterogeneous studies. Therefore, it is essential to assess in detail all related aspects prior to integrating a set of studies so that the correct model can then be selected. This work describes the scheme employed for making decisions regarding the use of the R, STATA and SAS statistical programs. We used the R Program Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Accuracy package for determining the correlation between sensitivity and specificity. This package con

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Hall, Adam C., and Joseph Kang. "Inference with Pólya-Gamma Augmentation for US Election Law." Mathematics 13, no. 6 (2025): 945. https://doi.org/10.3390/math13060945.

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Pólya-gamma (PG) augmentation has proven to be highly effective for Bayesian MCMC simulation, particularly for models with binomial likelihoods. This data augmentation strategy offers two key advantages. First, the method circumvents the need for analytic approximations or Metropolis–Hastings algorithms, which leads to simpler and more computationally efficient posterior inference. Second, the approach can be successfully applied to several types of models, including nonlinear mixed-effects models for count data. The effectiveness of PG augmentation has led to its widespread adoption and imple

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Ahmad, Sajjad, and Slobodan P. Simonovic. "Integration of heuristic knowledge with analytical tools for the selection of flood damage reduction measures." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 28, no. 2 (2001): 208–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l00-097.

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Heuristic knowledge has been integrated with analytical tools to support decision making for flood management. Development of an expert system called Intelligent Flood Management System for the selection of appropriate flood damage reduction measures for a given area is described. The selection of flood damage reduction measures is based on hydraulic, hydrological, geotechnical, environmental, and economic factors related to the river system and the area to be protected from floods. The knowledge base of the Intelligent Flood Management System is generic and can be used to identify a suitable

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Johnston, H. Richard, Pankaj Chopra, Thomas S. Wingo, et al. "PEMapper and PECaller provide a simplified approach to whole-genome sequencing." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 10 (2017): E1923—E1932. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1618065114.

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The analysis of human whole-genome sequencing data presents significant computational challenges. The sheer size of datasets places an enormous burden on computational, disk array, and network resources. Here, we present an integrated computational package, PEMapper/PECaller, that was designed specifically to minimize the burden on networks and disk arrays, create output files that are minimal in size, and run in a highly computationally efficient way, with the single goal of enabling whole-genome sequencing at scale. In addition to improved computational efficiency, we implement a statistical

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Fu, Zhe, Mo Sha, Yiran Li, et al. "EncChain: Enhancing Large Language Model Applications with Advanced Privacy Preservation Techniques." Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 17, no. 12 (2024): 4413–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3685800.3685888.

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In response to escalating concerns about data privacy in the Large Language Model (LLM) domain, we demonstrate EncChain , a pioneering solution designed to bolster data security in LLM applications. EncChain presents an all-encompassing approach to data protection, encrypting both the knowledge bases and user interactions. It empowers confidential computing and implements stringent access controls, offering a significant leap in securing LLM usage. Designed as an accessible Python package, EncChain ensures straightforward integration into existing systems, bolstered by its operation within sec

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Rush, Brian, Ellen Tate, Ross Norman, et al. "The Experience of Developing a Package of Instruments to Measure the Critical Characteristics of Community Support Programs for People with a Severe Mental Illness." Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation 19, no. 3 (2005): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjpe.0019.010.

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Abstract: A major challenge for program evaluators is to develop and use measures of program implementation that are both comprehensive and generalizable across programs. The goal is to understand how measures of program characteristics are related to outcomes and, ultimately, to improve program effectiveness. In this brief report, we describe our experience in developing a package of instruments to measure critical characteristics of community support programs for people with a severe mental illness. We highlight three primary methodological challenges encountered: ensuring comprehensiveness,

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Wang, Guorong, and Wenping Kong. "Research on the Path of Stable Economic Growth." Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management 8, no. 1 (2023): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/fbem.v8i1.5846.

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The economic forms at home and abroad are becoming increasingly complex, and the factors of instability and uncertainty are increasing significantly. Especially in the post-epidemic era, the domestic economic development potential has not been fully released. At present, we are in a critical period to determine the economic trend. We must seize the time window and try to push the economy back to normal track. Accelerate the steady economic growth and form the domestic big cycle as soon as possible. The development model of domestic and international double cycle is the important task of econom

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Cummings, Andrew, Glynn Rothwell, and Christian Matthews. "How well does a linear static finite element analysis predict measured strains from a nuclear package tie-down system during rail transportation?" Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 232, no. 1 (2016): 222–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409716675186.

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Freight rail is often the preferred method for transportation of dangerous goods. One particular application is the use of rail to convey radioactive material in purpose-built packages. During transit, packages are secured to a rail wagon bed with a tie-down system. The design of tie-down systems varies considerably depending on the package type and rail vehicle; for example, shackles, turnbuckles, tie rods, gravity wells or transport frames are all commonly used. There are also a large number of different packages in existence that all vary in size and mass, typically 1–7 m in length and 100

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Gregorović Belaić, Zlatka, Nadja Čekolj, and Jasminka Zloković. "Factor Structure and Internal Consistency Reliability of the Croatian Version of the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES) IV Package : A Preliminary Study." European Journal of Mental Health 19 (2024): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5708/ejmh.19.2024.0029.

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Introduction: A family operates as a dynamic system comprising various subsystems and is continually interacting with its environment. Therefore, it is essential to comprehend the underlying principles of family functioning. One of the most commonly used models for describing family functioning is the Circumplex Model of Marital and Family Systems (Olson & Gorall, 2003). Aims: In this study, we aimed at examining the factor structure and internal consistency reliability in the Croatian version of the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale IV Package, which measures family functi

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