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Journal articles on the topic 'Model-theoretic argument'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Douven, Igor. "Putnam’s Model-Theoretic Argument Reconstructed." Journal of Philosophy 96, no. 9 (1999): 479–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2564709.

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2

Anderson, David Leech. "What Is the Model-theoretic Argument?" Journal of Philosophy 90, no. 6 (1993): 311–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2940867.

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3

Gardiner, Mark Q. "Operational constraints and the model-theoretic argument." Erkenntnis 43, no. 3 (1995): 395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01135380.

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4

Frisch, Mathias. "Van Fraassen's Dissolution of Putnam's Model-Theoretic Argument." Philosophy of Science 66, no. 1 (1999): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/392681.

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Schroeder-Heister, Peter. "A model-theoretic reconstruction of Frege's permutation argument." Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 28, no. 1 (1987): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1305/ndjfl/1093636847.

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6

Einheuser, Iris. "The Model-Theoretic Argument against Quantifying over Everything." Dialectica 64, no. 2 (2010): 237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-8361.2010.01221.x.

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7

Garc�a-Carpintero, Manuel. "The model-theoretic argument: Another turn of the screw." Erkenntnis 44, no. 3 (1996): 305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00167660.

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8

Douven, Igor. "A note on global descriptivism and Putnam's model-theoretic argument." Australasian Journal of Philosophy 77, no. 3 (1999): 342–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048409912349101.

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9

Van Benthem, Johan. "Modal Frame Classes Revisited." Fundamenta Informaticae 18, no. 2-4 (1993): 307–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/fi-1993-182-416.

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We re-analyze the original algebraic proof of the Goldblatt-Thomason theorem characterizing modally definable frame classes, providing an alternative model-theoretic argument. The analysis also provides a more general perspective on the use of algebraic versus model-theoretic methods in Modal Logic.
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10

Zografos, Konstantinos, and Kosmas Ferentinos. "An information theoretic argument for the validity of the exponential model." Metrika 41, no. 1 (1994): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01895310.

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11

Landini, Gregory. "PUTNAM'S MODEL-THEORETIC ARGUMENT, NATURAL REALISM, AND THE STANDARD CONCEPTION OF THEORIES." Philosophical Papers 16, no. 3 (1987): 209–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/05568648709506278.

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12

Taylor, Barry. "‘Just more theory’: A manoeuvre in Putnam's model-theoretic argument for antirealism." Australasian Journal of Philosophy 69, no. 2 (1991): 152–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048409112344601.

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13

Pérez Otero, Manuel. "Reasoning about Non-Actual Possibilities. Problems with the Douven-Putnam Model-Theoretic Argument against Metaphysical Realism." Crítica (México D. F. En línea) 34, no. 102 (2002): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/iifs.18704905e.2002.978.

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Igor Douven has offered an original reconstruction and defence of Putnam's model-theoretic argument against metaphysical realism. Douven's construal has notable exegetical virtues, since it makes sense of some assumptions in Putnam's argument which his opponents have considered question-begging or puzzling. In this article I provide an indirect defence of metaphysical realism, by showing why this new version of the anti-realist argument should also be rejected. The main problems in the Douven-Putnam argument come from ascribing to the realist a distorted view of correspondence truth. The view
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14

Reynolds, Steven L. "The Model Theoretic Argument, Indirect Realism, and the Causal Theory of Reference Objection." Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 84, no. 2 (2003): 146–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0114.00167.

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15

Luby, Ryan. "Toward An Econometric Model of Guzman'S Theory of Customary International Law." American Economist 56, no. 2 (2011): 98–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/056943451105600212.

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The United States' recent incursions into both Iraq and Afghanistan have resituated debates concerning the validity and effectiveness of customary international law (CIL). On the one hand, scholars such as Goldsmith and Bradley argue that CIL is neither valid nor effective. Recently, Guzman formulated a response to such arguments as those proposed by Goldsmith and Bradley (1997). In a lucid critique of Goldsmith's argument, Guzman categorizes such arguments as “doctrinal” (2006). Instead, Guzman proposes a game theoretic model that seeks to quantify “reputation” in order to ascertain a given n
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16

Ambler, Simon. "A categorical approach to the semantics of argumentation." Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 6, no. 2 (1996): 167–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129500000931.

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Argumentation is a proof theoretic paradigm for reasoning under uncertainty. Whereas a ‘proof’ establishes its conclusion outright, an ‘argument’ can only lend a measure of support. Thus, the process of argumentation consists of identifying all the arguments for a particular hypothesis φ, and then calculating the support for φ from the weight attached to these individual arguments. Argumentation has been incorporated as the inference mechanism of a large scale medical expert system, the ‘Oxford System of Medicine’ (OSM), and it is therefore important to demonstrate that the approach is theoret
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17

Braybrooke, David. "Economic Theory Stalled: Model-Theoretic Institutionalism as a Way Forward." Dialogue 34, no. 3 (1995): 623–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217300009148.

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Both Hausman and Rosenberg reject McCloskey's contention that economics is no more than rhetoric, and do so with cogent reasons drawn from old-fashioned views about truth and objectivity (R, pp. 30–55; H, pp. 266–67). (Hausman's treatment of McCloskey is more nuanced, but neither of them, I think, make enough allowance for McCloskey's playfulness or for the power, on his less provocative side, of his intermittent argument for a reasonably respectable pragmatism.) Rosenberg holds, very plausibly, that the ambitions of economists run higher than rhetoric in any of its current received senses (R,
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18

Walton, Douglas, and Fabrizio Macagno. "Profiles of Dialogue for Relevance." Informal Logic 36, no. 4 (2016): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/il.v36i4.4586.

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This paper uses argument diagrams, argumentation schemes, and some tools from formal argumentation systems developed in artificial intelligence to build a graph-theoretic model of relevance shown to be applicable (with some extensions) as a practical method for helping a third party judge issues of relevance or irrelevance of an argument in real examples. Examples used to illustrate how the method works are drawn from disputes about relevance in natural language discourse, including a criminal trial and a parliamentary debate.
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19

Stone, Peter. "On linking cognitive mechanisms to game play: A critique of Morikawa, Hanley, and Orbell." Politics and the Life Sciences 22, no. 2 (2003): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s073093840000664x.

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Tomonori Morikawa, James E. Hanley, and John Orbell have argued that natural selection leads populations who play Hawk-Dove, a game-theoretic stylization of confrontation, to develop the capacity for various “orders of recognition.” Such an argument requires a model linking game play to the presence or absence of various cognitive mechanisms. Morikawa and colleagues present such a model but, I argue, leave it incomplete, unable to sustain the conclusions they wish to defend. The development of a more fully specified model would significantly assist future studies of cognitive structures relate
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20

Woods, Dwayne. "Monarchical Rule in Swaziland: Power is Absolute but Patronage is (for) Relative(s)." Journal of Asian and African Studies 52, no. 4 (2015): 497–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909615596451.

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This article adopts a non-formalized decision−theoretic model to examine patronage strategies by the monarchy in Swaziland as a means to stave off threats to its hold on power. The article’s main argument is that the logic of patronage is largely about controlling and monitoring local chiefs and placating royal princes with administrative positions and sources of revenue and limiting the insurrectionary potential of non-traditionalist urban groups to absolute monarchical power in Swaziland.
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21

Scanlon, Thomas. "Diophantine Geometry from Model Theory." Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 7, no. 1 (2001): 37–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2687822.

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Abstract§1. Introduction. With Hrushovski's proof of the function field Mordell-Lang conjecture [16] the relevance of geometric stability theory to diophantine geometry first came to light. A gulf between logicians and number theorists allowed for contradictory reactions. It has been asserted that Hrushovski's proof was simply an algebraic argument masked in the language of model theory. Another camp held that this theorem was merely a clever one-off. Still others regarded the argument as magical and asked whether such sorcery could unlock the secrets of a wide coterie of number theoretic prob
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22

Burkart, Mike, and Tore Ellingsen. "In-Kind Finance: A Theory of Trade Credit." American Economic Review 94, no. 3 (2004): 569–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/0002828041464579.

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It is typically less profitable for an opportunistic borrower to divert inputs than to divert cash. Therefore, suppliers may lend more liberally than banks. This simple argument is at the core of our contract theoretic model of trade credit in competitive markets. The model implies that trade credit and bank credit can be either complements or substitutes. Among other things, the model explains why trade credit has short maturity, why trade credit is more prevalent in less developed credit markets, and why accounts payable of large unrated firms are more countercyclical than those of small fir
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23

Messina, JP, and David Wiens. "Morals from rationality alone? Some doubts." Politics, Philosophy & Economics 19, no. 3 (2020): 248–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470594x20906616.

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Contractarians aim to derive moral principles from the dictates of instrumental rationality alone. It is well-known that contractarian moral theories struggle to identify normative principles that are both uniquely rational and morally compelling. Michael Moehler’s recent book, Minimal Morality, seeks to avoid these difficulties by developing a novel ‘two-level’ social contract theory, which restricts the scope of contractarian morality to cases of deep and persistent moral disagreement. Yet Moehler remains ambitious, arguing that a restricted version of Kant’s categorical imperative is a uniq
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24

Samardzic, Slobodan. "From hidden federalism to hidden hegemonism." Theoria, Beograd 61, no. 2 (2018): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/theo1802053s.

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Bojan Kovacevic?s book serves as a starting point for considering the major topic, which is the crisis of the EU?s prevailing model of governance. The author?s argument about ?hidden federalism? constitutes a solid ground for fruitful theoretic discussion. The author?s approach explains a long lasting and well established project of integration that has developed within the framework of elitist and technocratic model of public affairs governing. By accepting this perspective in this paper the EU crisis is conceptualized as a process that leads from ?hidden federalism? to ?hidden hegemonism? as
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25

CORTS, KENNETH S. "WHEN ALTRUISM LOWERS TOTAL WELFARE." Economics and Philosophy 22, no. 1 (2006): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266267105000684.

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Ethical theories grounded in utilitarianism suggest that social welfare is improved when agents seek to maximize others' welfare in addition to their own (i.e., are altruistic). However, I use a simple game-theoretic model to demonstrate two shortcomings of this argument. First, altruistic preferences can generate coordination problems where none exist for selfish agents. Second, when agents care somewhat about others' utility but weight their own more highly, total social welfare may be lower than with selfish agents even in the absence of coordination problems.
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26

LANZET, RAN. "A THREE-VALUED QUANTIFIED ARGUMENT CALCULUS: DOMAIN-FREE MODEL-THEORY, COMPLETENESS, AND EMBEDDING OF FOL." Review of Symbolic Logic 10, no. 3 (2017): 549–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755020317000053.

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AbstractThis paper presents an extended version of the Quantified Argument Calculus (Quarc). Quarc is a logic comparable to the first-order predicate calculus. It employs several nonstandard syntactic and semantic devices, which bring it closer to natural language in several respects. Most notably, quantifiers in this logic are attached to one-place predicates; the resulting quantified constructions are then allowed to occupy the argument places of predicates. The version presented here is capable of straightforwardly translating natural-language sentences involving defining clauses. A three-v
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27

Hays, Jude C. "Globalization and Capital Taxation in Consensus and Majoritarian Democracies." World Politics 56, no. 1 (2003): 79–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wp.2004.0004.

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This article contributes to the growing literature on the role that domestic political institutions play in mediating globalization pressures by arguing that the capital tax constraints arising from international economic integration are the most severe for countries with majoritarian political institutions. In doing so, the author solves a tax puzzle that challenges conventional thinking about how institutions condition the relationship between economic globalization and domestic politics. He presents a formal, game-theoretic model to sharpen the basic logic of his argument and then tests som
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28

Tsai, Chen Nien, Kai Wei Ke, and Ho Ting Wu. "Approximate Packet Delay Analysis for IEEE 802.16 Networks." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 5063–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.5063.

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Supporting QoS is one of notable features in IEEE 802.16 networks. In this study, we used the queuing-theoretic approach to model the uplink air interface of IEEE 802.16 networks as M/Db/1 queues. The justification for this modeling argument was given in the paper. The average queuing delay and system delay were derived with embedded Markov chain technique. We also pointed out that the created Markov chain exhibits geometric tail behavior so that the Markov chain can be solved more efficient. The analytical results were verified through computer simulations. The derived results would be supporting
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29

SAXL, JAN, and JOHN S. WILSON. "A note on powers in simple groups." Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 122, no. 1 (1997): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030500419600165x.

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In [7], the second author proved that there is an integer k such that every element of a finite non-abelian simple group S is a product of k commutators in S. The motivation for proving this result came from a model-theoretic question about simple groups. The proof depended on the classification of the finite simple groups, a theorem of Malle, Saxl and Weigel [5] which shows that in many finite simple classical groups S there is a real conjugacy class R such that S=R3∪{1}, and an ultraproduct argument. Here we shall use a similar combination of ideas to prove the following result.
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30

Zhou, Hongcheng, Dezhi Xu, Daobo Wang, and Le Ge. "Adaptive Fault-Tolerant Tracking Control of Nonaffine Nonlinear Systems with Actuator Failure." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/283403.

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This paper proposes an adaptive fault-tolerant control scheme for nonaffine nonlinear systems. A model approximation method which is a solution that bridges the gap between affine and nonaffine control systems is developed firstly. A joint estimation approach is based on unscented Kalman filter, in which both failure parameters and states are simultaneously estimated by means of the argument state vector composed of the unknown faults and states. Then, stability analysis is given for the closed-loop system. Finally, the proposed approach is verified using a three-degree-of-freedom simulation o
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31

Davies, David. "A Traveller's Guide to Putnam's “Narrow Path”." Dialogue 35, no. 1 (1996): 117–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217300008118.

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It is now over 15 years since Hilary Putnam first urged that we take the “narrow path” of internal realism as a way of navigating between “the swamps of metaphysics and the quicksands of cultural relativism and historicism” (1983, p. 226). In the opening lines of the Preface to Realism with a Human Face, a collection of Putnam's recent papers edited by James Conant, Putnam reaffirms his allegiance to this narrow path, unmoved by Realist murmurings from the swamps and laconic Rortian suggestions that only the quicksands are a proper metaphilosophical abode for those willing to confront our lack
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Altinel, Tuna, and Gregory Cherlin. "On central extensions of algebraic groups." Journal of Symbolic Logic 64, no. 1 (1999): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2586751.

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In this paper the following theorem is proved regarding groups of finite Morley rank which are perfect central extensions of quasisimple algebraic groups.Theorem 1. Let G be a perfect group of finite Morley rank and let C0be a definable central subgroup of G such that G/C0 is a universal linear algebraic group over an algebraically closed field; that is G is a perfect central extension of finite Morley rank of a universal linear algebraic group. Then C0 = 1.Contrary to an impression which exists in some circles, the center of the universal extension of a simple algebraic group, as an abstract
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33

Mölter, Jan, and Geoffrey J. Goodhill. "Limitations to Estimating Mutual Information in Large Neural Populations." Entropy 22, no. 4 (2020): 490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22040490.

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Information theory provides a powerful framework to analyse the representation of sensory stimuli in neural population activity. However, estimating the quantities involved such as entropy and mutual information from finite samples is notoriously hard and any direct estimate is known to be heavily biased. This is especially true when considering large neural populations. We study a simple model of sensory processing and show through a combinatorial argument that, with high probability, for large neural populations any finite number of samples of neural activity in response to a set of stimuli
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34

Weirich, Paul. "Coordination and Hyperrationality." ProtoSociology 35 (2018): 197–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/protosociology20183511.

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Margaret Gilbert (1990) argues that although the rationality of the agents in a standard coordination problem does not suffice for their coordination, a social convention of coordination, understood as the agents’ joint acceptance of a principle requiring their coordination, does the job. Gilbert’s argument targets agents rational in the game-theoretic sense, which following Sobel (1994: Chap. 14), I call hyperrational agents. I agree that hyperrational agents may fail to coordinate in some cases despite the obvious benefits of coordination. However, I add that fully rational agents, who ratio
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35

Hsin, Lisa, and Geraldine Legendre. "Strong Integration in bilingual grammar, formalized." Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 9, no. 3 (2018): 427–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lab.17040.hsi.

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Abstract We present elicited production data reflecting cross-linguistic interference effects in the English wh-questions of Spanish-English bilingual children to provide a proof-of-concept for a proposed new formal analysis of such effects across cross-linguistic influence phenomena. The observed interference effects are interpreted as evidence for the Strong Integration hypothesis of bilingual grammatical architecture, in the context of independently documented facilitation and interference effects in a range of bilingual acquisition contexts. Building on an existing Optimality-Theoretic (OT
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36

Scowcroft, Philip. "A note on definable Skolem functions." Journal of Symbolic Logic 53, no. 3 (1988): 905–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2274580.

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This note arose out of my efforts to understand results of van den Dries, Denef, and Weispfenning on definable Skolem functions in the elementary theory of Qp. The first person to prove their existence was van den Dries, who devised and applied a model-theoretic criterion for theories, admitting elimination of quantifiers, which also admit definable Skolem functions [3]. The proof, though elegant, does not describe how one defines the Skolem functions. In the particular case of Qp, Denef found an ingenious, easily described method for writing out the definitions [2, pp. 14–15]. Unfortunately,
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37

Friedman, Sy D., and Peter Koepke. "An Elementary Approach to the Fine Structure of L." Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 3, no. 4 (1997): 453–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/421099.

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We present here an approach to the fine structure of L based solely on elementary model theoretic ideas, and illustrate its use in a proof of Global Square in L. We thereby avoid the Lévy hierarchy of formulas and the subtleties of master codes and projecta, introduced by Jensen [3] in the original form of the theory. Our theory could appropriately be called ”Hyperfine Structure Theory”, as we make use of a hierarchy of structures and hull operations which refines the traditional Lα -or Jα-sequences with their Σn-hull operations.§1. Introduction. In 1938, K. Gödel defined the model L of set th
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38

Tsou, Ching-Shih, Kun-Jen Chung, and Chin-Hsiung Hsu. "The association between technology type and diffusion pattern under duopolistic competition." Yugoslav Journal of Operations Research 17, no. 1 (2007): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/yjor0701095t.

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Many firms consider adopting new technologies as a means for enhancing competitive advantages. Therefore, the subject of technology diffusion has been studied by many researchers from different disciplines in order to explore the diffusion profiles throughout the industry or the country. The argument has frequently been made that the pattern of diffusion associated with most new technologies will typically have certain characteristics. In general, the diffusion pattern within an industry will depend on the competitive arena and technology characteristics. Based on a duopolistic game-theoretic
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39

Herron, Michael C., and Zachary D. Markovich. "Student sorting and implications for grade inflation." Rationality and Society 29, no. 3 (2017): 355–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043463117701127.

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There is a sizable literature on higher education, both in the United States and beyond, that draws attention to the phenomenon known as grade inflation. We offer an interpretation of grade inflation that turns on the choices students have over academic departments, and we argue that patterns in grades cannot be considered in isolation from the incentives that students have to sort themselves strategically across departments. Our argument draws on a game-theoretic model in which students of varying abilities face a choice between enrolling in a department whose grades are inflated and thus abi
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40

Weaver, George, and Jeffrey Welaish. "Back and forth constructions in modal logic: An interpolation theorem for a family of modal logics." Journal of Symbolic Logic 51, no. 4 (1986): 969–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2273909.

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The following is a contribution to the abstract study of the model theory of modal logics. Historically, individual modal logics have been specified deductively; and, as a result, it has seemed natural to view modal logics as sets of sentences provable in some deductive system. This proof theoretic view has influenced the abstract study of modal logics. For example, Fine [1975] defines a modal logic to be any set of sentences in the modal language L□ which contains all tautologies, all instances of the schema (□(ϕ ⊃ Ψ) ⊃ (□ϕ ⊃ □Ψ)), and which is closed under modus ponens, necessitation and sub
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Huang, Haifeng, Serra Boranbay-Akan, and Ling Huang. "Media, Protest Diffusion, and Authoritarian Resilience." Political Science Research and Methods 7, no. 1 (2016): 23–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2016.25.

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Do authoritarian governments always censor news about protests to prevent unrest from spreading? Existing research on authoritarian politics stresses the danger that information spread within the society poses for a regime. In particular, media and Internet reports of social unrest are deemed to threaten authoritarian rule, as such reports may incite more protests and thus spread instability. We show that such reasoning is incomplete if social protests are targeted at local officials. Allowing media the freedom to report local protests may indeed lead to protest diffusion, but the increased pr
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42

Adu-Ameyaw, Emmanuel, Albert Danso, Samuel Acheampong, and Cynthia Akwei. "Executive bonus compensation and financial leverage: do growth and executive ownership matter?" International Journal of Accounting & Information Management 29, no. 3 (2021): 392–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijaim-09-2020-0141.

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Purpose This study aims to examine the impact of executive bonus compensation on a firm’s financial leverage policy and the extent to which this compensation–leverage relation is moderated by firm growth and executive ownership. Design/methodology/approach Using data from 213 non-financial and non-utility UK FTSE 350 firms for the period 2007–2015, generating a total of 1,784 firm-year observations, panel econometric methods are used to test the model. Findings Drawing insights from agency theoretic view, this paper uncovers that managerial cash bonus compensation is negatively and significant
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43

Rathjen, Michael. "Power Kripke–Platek set theory and the axiom of choice." Journal of Logic and Computation 30, no. 1 (2020): 447–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/logcom/exaa020.

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Abstract While power Kripke–Platek set theory, ${\textbf{KP}}({\mathcal{P}})$, shares many properties with ordinary Kripke–Platek set theory, ${\textbf{KP}}$, in several ways it behaves quite differently from ${\textbf{KP}}$. This is perhaps most strikingly demonstrated by a result, due to Mathias, to the effect that adding the axiom of constructibility to ${\textbf{KP}}({\mathcal{P}})$ gives rise to a much stronger theory, whereas in the case of ${\textbf{KP}}$, the constructible hierarchy provides an inner model, so that ${\textbf{KP}}$ and ${\textbf{KP}}+V=L$ have the same strength. This pa
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44

Button, Tim. "The Metamathematics of Putnam’s Model-Theoretic Arguments." Erkenntnis 74, no. 3 (2011): 321–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10670-011-9270-6.

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45

Yücedağ, İbrahim, and Fidan Sarsılmaz. "Gerçekliği Farklı Düzlemlerde Geri Kazanmak: Eleştirel Realizm / Regaining Reality on Different Platforms: Critical Realism." Journal of History Culture and Art Research 7, no. 1 (2018): 700. http://dx.doi.org/10.7596/taksad.v7i1.1415.

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<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>In discussions over the natural existence of what has been communally described, the issue of how this existence is reached is among the basic problems of social theory. The main objective in the mutual understanding of commonality forms the central argument of social theory, over which there is a pursuit of order. Especially with the emphasis that he has made on different layers of reality – actual, real, and empirical – Bhaskar, who objects to the errors of voluntarism and reification in social theory, suggests a naturalistic m
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46

Fricke, Lea. "A southern German use of prefield-eses: Evidence from the corpus and an experimental study." Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft 39, no. 1 (2020): 41–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zfs-2020-2012.

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AbstractThere is a use of the German third person neuter pronoun es in the prefield, known as prefield-es, which is characterized by being neither referential, nor an argument of the verb. According to Speyer’s (2008, 2009) optimality theoretic prefield ranking, this should only occur if a sentence contains no alternative element eligible to be moved to the prefield. This paper investigates a so far unnoticed use of es in the prefield in combination with a demonstrative pronoun dies and a copula verb ist, which will be referred to as Es ist dies-sentence. This construction is an instance of pr
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47

Soysal, Zeynep. "Descriptivism about the Reference of Set-Theoretic Expressions: Revisiting Putnam’s Model-Theoretic Arguments." Monist 103, no. 4 (2020): 442–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/monist/onaa016.

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Abstract Putnam’s model-theoretic arguments for the indeterminacy of reference have been taken to pose a special problem for mathematical languages. In this paper, I argue that if one accepts that there are theory-external constraints on the reference of at least some expressions of ordinary language, then Putnam’s model-theoretic arguments for mathematical languages don’t go through. In particular, I argue for a kind of descriptivism about mathematical expressions according to which their reference is “anchored” in the reference of expressions of ordinary language. These anchors add enough to
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48

Bacon, John. "The completeness of a predicate-functor logic." Journal of Symbolic Logic 50, no. 4 (1985): 903–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2273980.

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Predicate-functor logic, as founded by W. V. Quine ([1960], [1971], [1976], [1981]), is first-order predicate logic without individual variables. Instead, adverbs or predicate functors make explicit the permutations and replications of argument-places familiarly indicated by shifting variables about. For the history of this approach, see Quine [1971, 309ff.]. With the evaporation of variables, individual constants naturally assimilate to singleton predicates or adverbs, leaving no logical subjects whatever of type 0. The orphaned “predicates” may then be taken simply as terms in the sense of t
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49

Nowak, Krzysztof Jan. "Definable Transformation to Normal Crossings over Henselian Fields with Separated Analytic Structure." Symmetry 11, no. 7 (2019): 934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11070934.

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We are concerned with rigid analytic geometry in the general setting of Henselian fields K with separated analytic structure, whose theory was developed by Cluckers–Lipshitz–Robinson. It unifies earlier work and approaches of numerous mathematicians. Separated analytic structures admit reasonable relative quantifier elimination in a suitable analytic language. However, the rings of global analytic functions with two kinds of variables seem not to have good algebraic properties such as Noetherianity or excellence. Therefore, the usual global resolution of singularities from rigid analytic geome
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50

Csenki, Attila. "Some renewal-theoretic investigations in the theory of sojourn times in finite semi-Markov processes." Journal of Applied Probability 28, no. 4 (1991): 822–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3214685.

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In this note, an irreducible semi-Markov process is considered whose finite state space is partitioned into two non-empty sets A and B. Let MB(t) stand for the number of visits of Y to B during the time interval [0, t], t > 0. A renewal argument is used to derive closed-form expressions for the Laplace transform (with respect to t) of a certain family of functions in terms of which the moments of MB(t) are easily expressible. The theory is applied to a small reliability model in conjunction with a Tauberian argument to evaluate the behaviour of the first two moments of MB(t) as t →∞.
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