Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modèle à chargement de régime'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Modèle à chargement de régime.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Haddad, Azeddine. "Thermodynamique de la relaxation appliquée à la modélisation du comportement des polymères sous chargements complexes : viscoélasticité en régime dynamique fluage thermostimulé/courants thermostimulés et relaxation diélectrique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL125N.
Full textHiez, Brigitte. "Propagation en régime ductile de fissures amorcées dans des conditions de chargement hors normes." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066509.
Full textGarneau, Cyril. "Simplification automatique de modèle et étude du régime permanent." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21802.
Full textLes modèles mathématiques servant à simuler le comportement de stations d'épurations représentent un outil puissant pour concevoir une nouvelle installation ou prédire le comportement d'une station d'épuration déjà existante. Cependant, ces modèles ne fournissent aucune information sur un système particulier sans un algorithme pour les résoudre. Il existe actuellement un grand nombre d'algorithmes d'intégration capables de calculer la solution d'un modèle avec précision. Cependant, les temps de calcul en jeux représentent toujours l'un des obstacles à une utilisation extensive des modèles. Deux approches permettent de réduire les temps de calcul, à savoir l'utilisation de matériel informatique plus puissant ou le développement de logiciels et algorithmes plus performants. L'objectif principal de ce mémoire est de proposer une troisième voie, soit la simplification automatique d'un modèle sur la base de ses valeurs propres. Le jacobien, une approximation locale du modèle, est utilisé comme base de l'étude des valeurs propres. Une méthode d'homotopie est ensuite utilisée pour maintenir le lien entre les valeurs propres et les variables d'état d'un jacobien simplifié à sa seule diagonale aux valeurs propres du jacobien entier. Puisque les valeurs propres représentent une approximation valable de la dynamique des variables d'état d'un modèle, il est possible de trier ces variables d'état sur la base de leurs valeurs propres associées. Les variables d'état présentant une dynamique très rapide par rapport à l'échelle de temps d'intérêt seront alors considérées comme étant toujours à l'équilibre, ce qui permet de négliger leur dynamique transitoire et donc d'accélérer la résolution du modèle. Cette simplification est réalisée à l'intérieur d'un algorithme d'intégration de type Diagonal Implicite de Runge-Kutta capable de résoudre des systèmes d'équations différentielles et algébriques. Ce mémoire s'attaque également à un cas particulier de la simulation, soit le calcul du régime permanent. Ce calcul peut être réalisé par des algorithmes performants ne recherchant que les valeurs des variables d'état mettant à zéro les équations différentielles. Ces algorithmes sont cependant peu fiables puisque toute solution mathématique est jugée valide, peu importe la réalité physique. La solution proposée est l'injection de connaissance sous forme de bornes aux valeurs que peuvent prendre les variables d'état. Des équations algébriques implicites sont construites automatiquement sur ces bornes pour forcer la convergence dans l'intervalle voulu.
Altazin, Thomas. "Un modèle d'interaction fluide-structure en régime compressible faible Mach." Thesis, Toulon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUL0021/document.
Full textThis study deals with the modeling and simulation of fluid-structure interactions in a compressible framework for inviscid flows. A monolithic approach has been chosen for treating the coupling between the fluid and the solid through a single equation that solves the motion of both simultaniously. An additionnal term in the momentum equation allows to take into account the obstacle in the flow. A weak formulation is derived from previous similar works that confirms the unification problem is mathematically well-posed, especially on the interface. The numerical procedure relies on a time-splitting method similar to prediction-correction methods for incompressible flows. Some numerical examples illustrate this work and allows to conclude on the feasibility of this fluid-structure interaction model for compressible flows
Genand, Stéphanie. "Le modèle libertin et la fin de l'Ancien Régime, 1782-1802." Paris 4, 2002. https://acces.bibliotheque-diderot.fr/login?url=https://www.liverpooluniversitypress.co.uk/doi/book/10.3828/9780729408677.
Full textThe object of this thesis is to highlight the existence of a connection between the libertine aesthetics, as it appears under the Regency, and the abolition of principles inherited from the Ancien Régime. Indeed libertinage cannot be dissociated from the existence of aristocracy, as it appears in mondain circles in the 1730s, and among idle nobles who practice the art of seduction. It is worth examining the evolution of the libertine aesthetics at the turn of the century, in a context where the French Revolution, and before that stronger values of the bourgeoisie, both tend to question all aspects of the aristocracy's prerogatives. .
Omar, Ahmad. "Développement et validation d'un modèle aux éléments discrets de comportement du béton sous chargement dynamique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GRENI014/document.
Full textThis work concerns the analysis of the vulnerability of sensitive concrete structures subjected to severe dynamic actions such as impacts due to natural hazards or human factors. The object is to develop a numerical tool that can describe objectively the dynamic behaviour of concrete. Then, a 3D discrete element method (DEM) was developed and used to perform the analysis. The first part of this thesis focuses on the simulation of quasi-static uniaxial compression and traction tests. A moment transfer law (MTL) was introduced to overcome the problem of brittle compressive behavior. Then, the identification procedure of the modified DEM model has been optimized in order to reproduce very well the macroscopic behaviour of concrete. Finally, the model has been validated by representing properly the real quasi-static behavior of different types of concrete. The second part of the study deals with the simulation of the dynamic Hopkinson traction bar tests of concrete. The results showed that a local rate effect has to be introduced to reproduce the strain rate dependency, which would then be a material-intrinsic effect. Then, the parameters of the model have been identified. Finally, simulations were run at high strain rates and showed consistent results with respect to experimental behaviour
Chan, Yone Claudia. "Modèle numérique de vieillissement de l'os trabéculaire considérant l'hyperminéralisation du tissu et le chargement mécanique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4731/document.
Full textOsteoporosis is characterized by a low bone mass density but also an alteration of mechanical properties. The clinical diagnostic is made from the measure of the bone mineral density (BMD) but this examen seems insufficient to quantify bone resistance. In this work, a numerical model of cancellous bone degradation, aging and mechanical adaptation is proposed. Based on hypermineralization, this model simulates the cancellous bone remodeling process over many years. This model allows to predict the behavior of cancellous adaptation in a mechanical low loading case for instance. Results are similar to clinicial tendancy
Payeur, Jean-Baptiste. "Modélisation du comportement d'un remblai en sol renforcé sous chargement ferroviaire de type TGV." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1104/document.
Full textThis study focuses on the numerical modeling of the Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) walls behavior under High Speed Train (HST) loading. First, the state of the art in reinforced earth as well as in railway dynamics modeling is analyzed. Then we present results coming from the testing of a one-scale reinforced embankment submitted to harmonic loading. They indicate that tensile forces in reinforcements, stresses and displacements depend on loading frequency which is related to train speed. One proposes a 3D Finite Element Model (FEM) in order to numerically reproduce this experimentation. The numerical results fit reasonably well with the experimental ones, highlighting the great importance of the choice of the constitutive law for the soil, reinforcement and facing. The same model is used to locally investigate the soil/reinforcement interface behaviour during a harmonic loading in steady-state. The confining pressure presents significant variations along the reinforcement strip during the dynamic loading while tensile forces are less affected by the load. Nevertheless, the global interface stability remains acceptable compared to a static load. A second numerical model is proposed, which represents a bigger embankment. The multiphase model is used to represent the reinforced soil and moving coordinates are used to take into account the moving train. Theoretical developments of this model and its implementation into CESAR-LCPC FEM code are detailed. The results indicate that the train speed does not play a big role in the overall response of the structure, in the case of a stiff reinforcement comparable to the experimental one. If the embankment is weaker, the HST speed may be close to shear waves speed within the soil, which has significant consequences into the structure, particularly on the stability of the soil/reinforcement interface. Globally the experimental results and those coming from both numerical models present the same trends: the dynamic effect coming from the train passing leads to the in-crease of displacements and confining pressure close to the highest strips, while tensile forces are less affected by the load. This leads us to the conclusion that the train speed does not have a significant effect on the stability of MSE walls, at least for embankments having similar parameters than the experimental one. However these results strongly depend on the embankment geometry, the way to model the train and the parameters and constitutive laws chosen for the soil, the soil/reinforcement interface and the facing
Ducoin, Antoine. "Etude expérimentale et numérique du chargement hydrodynamique des corps portants en régime transitoire avec prise en compte du couplage fluide structure." Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT2118.
Full textThe study is in the context of marine structure design such as rudder or marine propeller and is in collaboration with a naval industrial. The thesis deal with the experimental and numerical study of the hydrodynamic loading of an hydrofoil in transient regime including fluid structure interaction problems. The transient motion is defined as a pitching motion from 0 to 15° with a return to 0° for which various velocities are defined (slow, medium, fast). Reynolds numbers studied are between 750 000 and 1 500 000. Experimental and numerical approaches are carried out together, leading to an accurate study of phenomenon observed and giving response on prediction accuracy into industrial codes. Experiments deal with wall pressure, displacements and cavitation measurements in hydrodynamic tunnel. On one hand, the flow computations are done with the finite volume CFX code for which hydrodynamic models are selected in accordance to the flow case observed (Euler, viscous, turbulence model, transition model). On an other hand, the finite element code ANSYS is used for structure displacement resolution. The coupling is take into account by ensures the exchange of the physical information at the fluid structure interface. The study of the spatio temporal evolution of wall pressure around a rigid hydrofoil in transient pitching motion has been carried out. The laminar to turbulent transition is identified resulting from laminar separation bubble. For a slow pitching velocities, the transition have a strong impact on hydrodynamic loading and a plateau is observed at 5°. For high pitching velocities, the transition effects are reduced which induced a higher value before stall. A strong hystereris is observed when the angle of incidence return to 0°. Periodic pressure fluctuations are identified as vortex shedding of laminar separation bubble. For high pitching velocities, the transition is delayed whereas LSB vortex shedding frequencies and LSB size are constant. The fluid structure coupling was investigated on deformable hydrofoils. A stationary study has linked hydrodynamic loading to structural twist deformations which induced local incidence variations along the span. Then displacements of a deformable hydrofoil in transient pitching motion has shown that boundary layer events like transition and stall are clearly visible on measured hydrofoil displacements. This is confirmed by non coupled computations. Moreover, investigations of cavitating flows show that there is a strong impact of cavitation on structural behaviour, by both static and transient measurements. Significant local incidence fluctuations have been highlighted which can then creates a strong coupling between hydrofoil and cavitating flow
Berriri, Kamel. "Approche analytique et numérique pour l'aéroacoustique en régime transitoire par le modèle de Galbrun." Phd thesis, Paris 9, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002485.
Full textMachado, Luiz. "Modèle de simulation et étude expérimentale d'un évaporateur de machine frigorifique en régime transitoire." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0063.
Full textThe purpose of this work is the study of steady-state and transient behaviour of an ethylene glycol/R22 evaporator of a refrigerating machine operating with variable speed. The evaporator characteristics have been obtained from an experimental study over a wide range of operating conditions. The study in transient conditions was achieved by exciting steps of inlet and outlet refrigerant flow rates. The characteristics variations of the evaporator (gains and time constants) were deduced. A mathematical model of the evaporator was developed by using the physical laws of mass, energy and momentum conservation applied to the refrigerant, the evaporator wall and the secondary fluid. Correlations of the literature are used to calculate the heat transfer coefficients and the void fraction. The choice of the correlations is made by comparison between experimental results and the values calculated by the model. For the choice of the void fraction correlation, the refrigerating machine has been instrumented in order to determine the refrigerant mass in the evaporator in steady-state and unsteady-state. The maximal errors between experimental and theoretical temperatures are of 2 K in steady-state. The dynamic characteristics of the evaporator, determined by the model, are in good agreement with the experimental values with an error less than 10 to 15%. This error has the same magnitude order of the measures uncertainties. The model is used to stimulate the evaporator response and to determine in steady-state and unsteady-state the performances of the evaporator with R134a as refrigerant
Nataf, Pierre. "Electrodynamique quantique de circuit en régime de couplage ultrafort." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077223.
Full textIn cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED), the interaction between an atomic transition and the cavity field is measured by the vacuum Rabi frequency Ωo. The analogous term circuit QED has been introduced for some superconducting circuits containing Josephson junctions, because they behave as artificial atoms coupled to the bosonic field of a resonator. In the regime with Ωo comparable to the two-level transition frequency, superradiant quantum phase transitions for the cavity vacuum have been predicted, e. G. Within the Dicke model. In my Ph. D thesis, possible implementations of the Dicke model in circuit QED Systems are theoretically investigated for different kind of Josephson atoms, both in the case of inductive and capacitive coupling. In the thermodynamic limit of a large number of artificial atoms, predictions and constraints are explored for the occurrence of the quantum phase transition, with a doubly degenerate vacuum (ground state) and a spontaneous photonic coherence above a quantum critical coupling. In the finite-size case, the robustness and protection of the vacuum degeneracy in the ultrastrong coupling regime are studied, leading to possible applications for Quantum Computation using multiple resonators. Finally, a generalized Dicke model is proposed for which a doubly superradiant phase with four degenerate vacua is predicted
Youssef, Michel. "Analyse de l'influence des paramètres structuraux et fonctionnels d'une cage thoracique sous chargement dynamique a l'aide d'un modèle simplifié." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10190/document.
Full textIn the European Union, 28% of road accidents are frontal impacts which provoke 49% of fatalities where the thoracic fractures are the main cause of death. The finite element models of the human body are an important tool for the simulation of real impacts and the prediction of damage. This thesis has led to develop a rib cage simplified finite element model sufficiently flexible and easily customizable. First, this model is experimentally validated and then used in a parametric study. This study allowed us to characterize the influence of different structural and geometric parameters on the behavior of the rib cage under dynamic loading. This work is divided into three parts : Modeling the rib cage using beam elements whose mechanical properties are determined by three-point bending tests on rib segments and supplemented from literature, Validating the model by simulating the anteroposterior dynamic loading tests led by Vezin and Berthet [Vez09], Performing a parametric study on the influence of the mechanical parameters (Young modulus, stiffness of costo-vertebral joints), the geometry of the rib sections and the overall geometry of the rib cage (ribs slope, shape and overall size of the rib cage). This study permitted to find that Young modulus and the thickness of the cortical have the same influence on the overall stiffness of the chest as well as on the rotation and deformation of the ribs. By increasing these parameters, the stiffness of the chest increases and the maximum compression ratio decreases. Besides, we'll find more rotation and less deformation of the ribs. The stiffness of the costoverterbal joints has a direct influence on the lateral rotation : it will decrease by increasing of the stiffness while deformation will increase. However, the overall stiffness of the chest is slightly modified by modifying the costovertebral joint stiffness. The initial inclination of the ribs accordingly to the load direction has the greatest influence on the deformation of the ribs and therefore on the damage risk. When the ribs are closer to the loading direction, the stiffness of the rib cage and the deformation of the ribs increases
Khoshravan, Azar Ali. "Problèmes de sols saturés sous chargement dynamique : modèle cyclique pour les sols et validation sur des essais en centrifugeuse." Villeneuve d'Ascq, École centrale de Lille, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10167.
Full textFrancoeur, Marie-Claude. "Le développement socio-économique des seigneuries gaspésiennes sous le régime français : un modèle régional unique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25250/25250.pdf.
Full textJavelle, Pierre. "Caractérisation du régime des crues : le modèle débit-durée-fréquence convergent ; approche locale et régionale." Grenoble INPG, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPG0017.
Full textCharmantray, Clothilde. "Transversalisation d'un modèle nodal de comportement thermique d'un diesel à basse température en régime transitoire." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2008. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T2173_ccharmantray.pdf.
Full textIn the context of drastic reduction of CO2 and pollutant emissions, numerical simulation is the key instrument to evaluate strategies to optimize thermal management of Diesel engines, especially during cold warm-up. Many numerical models exist, but a problem lies in their application to different engine configurations and for large operating conditions. Our work is based on an existing thermal model, and also on our own analysis of test results for 4 DI Diesel engines, of various sizes (from 1. 5 to 2. 2 liters Diesel engines). We identified 3 critical aspects in the modelling. The first is nodal cutting, the two others are relative to the description of the heat sources in the nodal model: heat flux through the combustion chamber walls and energy released by friction. The challenge is then to find the right compromise between the level of modelling, the data available to supply the thermal model (depending on the stage of engine development) and the precision expected. We have therefore proposed an organic nodal cut which correctly describes the local behaviour of the cylinder head. We have identified the good level of modelling to describe correctly friction, especially at very low temperatures and proposed a methodology to integrate these results in the thermal model. Finally, to improve the description of gaswalls exchanges during cold warm-up and take into account the influence of combustion parameters, we have chosen, calibrated and validated multi-zone combustion model, included in a thermodynamic cycle simulator. The coupling between thermal and combustion models can significantly improve the response of thermal model in cold conditions
Berthoud-Ribaute, Hélène. "Le régime fiscal de la société en nom collectif comme modèle de société semi-transparente." Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10057.
Full textThe legal specificities of the general partnership implies that every partner is personally subjected to tax on the income for the part of social profits returning to him. The fiscal regime of the general partnership is so a regime of fiscal semi-transparency, that is, a regime which oscillates permanently between the fiscal opaqueness and transparency without being similar really to the one or other one of these regimes. The fiscal regime of the general partnership should answer two essential objectives : the search for an efficient fiscal regime and the second is an objective of fiscal neutrality
Francœur, Marie-Claude. "Le développement socio-économique des seigneuries gaspésiennes sous le Régime français : un modèle régional unique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19975.
Full textJimenez, Aispuro Jesús Ernesto. "Ingénierie des générateurs thermoélectriques en régime instationnaire." Thesis, Pau, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PAUU3028.
Full textThermoelectric generators (TEG), combine thermoelectric modules with heat exchangers, making it possible to produce electricity from a hot source and a cold source. Their use, which is currently reserved for niche applications, will prove useful for various industrial or domestic applications due to the imminent availability of new thermoelectric materials allowing improved yields and lower costs. To make the use of TEGs more attractive and to improve the overall efficiency of future installations, optimized design and use are essential.The high-performance TEG design requires the development of numerical models integrating all the elements of the energy chain (hot source, cold source, exchangers, electric converters).The aim of the thesis is to create a tool for simulating the operation of generators over the entire heat production cycle and thus on real time-dependent operations. The model developed in 3D for heat transfer takes into account the temperature dependence of the properties of the materials and the Thomson effect for the thermoelectric model.The validation of this simulation tool required the comparison of model predictions with experimental results. An experimental device has been completed and improved to match better the expectations of unsteady studies. This test bench allows testing with different thermoelectric generator configurations and different operating conditions.The model showed a correct estimation of system temperatures and electrical output of TEG. The numerical model is validated and can be used to predict the operation of a TEG under various conditions
Bodin, Valérie. "Comportement du ballast des voies ferrées soumises à un chargement vertical et latéral." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENPC0111.
Full textClévenot, Mickaël. "Financiarisation, régime d'accumulation et mode de régulation. Peut-on appliquer le "modèle " américain à l'économie française ?" Phd thesis, Université Paris-Nord - Paris XIII, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00120886.
Full textfrançaise. La période couverte par la thèse débute en 1979, qui marque l'augmentation des
contraintes financières. Elle s'arrête en 2002, lorsque la reprise aux États-Unis paraît enclenchée.
La première partie traite de la théorie de la régulation qui constitue la grille de lecture de
la thèse. La seconde partie retrace les évolutions qui participent à la financiarisation croissante
des économies. La dernière partie est consacrée à la modélisation postkeynésienne. On tente
d'établir les conditions à partir desquelles la domination de la finance sur l'ensemble des relations
économiques est susceptible de créer les conditions d'une croissance stable : la modification
de la hiérarchie institutionnelle doit s'accompagner de l'émergence de nouvelles cohérences
institutionnelles. Une fois reproduit ces conditions dans le cadre de maquette se déployant
dans un cadre fermé, il est possible de tirer toutes les implications d'une exportation
du mode de régulation américain dans l'Hexagone.
Ould, Eyih Aghdhefna. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement en grandes déformations des mousses : Modèle de simulation numérique de chargement d'un siège par un mannequin." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1993. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1536_aouldeyih.pdf.
Full textThe study of the passenger's comfort requires the modelisation of the seat. It's structure is very complex and is made of different materials and elements: springs, cables, beams, polyurethane foam,. . . The foam behaviour modelisation is required to build a global model of the seat: this problem comes down to identify a deformation energy density function, W. Three approaches are examined to give an analytical expression of the W function: Micromecanic: from microstrucrual hypothesis of material, on the elasticity of its constituents and from a statistical law governing the repartition of the molecules, we search a physical explanation of the observed phenomenon. /Minimecanic: the starting point is the notion of representative volume. It allows us to express the parameters of the W function from the basic element characteristics: cell, morphology, density and mechanical properties of the material. /Macromecanic: we try to identify a given form - a priori - of the function, from a certain number of homogeneous deformations without taking into account a physical explanation of the parameters. A complete study of the hyperelastic materials allowed us to identify the polyurethane foam as a purely compressible HILL material. We find good agreement between the numerical results of the global and the experimental tests of the H point made with 95% mannequin. The contribution of the gas in the dynamical stiffness of the foam was analysed. A linear model with 1 d. O. F. Is built to study the dynamical behaviour, around an equilibrium position, of a foam sample
Romier, Maxime. "Simulation électromagnétique des antennes actives en régime non-linéaire." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7824/1/romier.pdf.
Full textLoulidi, Sanae. "Modélisation stochastique en finance, application à la construction d’un modèle à changement de régime avec des sauts." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13675/document.
Full textAbstract
Medjnoun, Madjid. "Modélisation du transistor bipolaire à heterojonction pour le régime transitoire grand signal." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066532.
Full textPolo, Luz. "Caractérisation et optimisation de la performance des cartouches d'ancrage AMBEX sous chargement soutenu." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10138.
Full textAbstract : Adhesive anchoring systems are used in many civil engineering applications, including rehabilitation and repair of infrastructure such as bridge decks, roadways, tunnels, dams, walls, columns, and in some geological explorations and mining. An adhesive anchoring system consists of three components: the anchor: a reinforcing bar or a threaded rod; the adhesive material: polymeric, cementitious or hybrid; and a substrate of concrete or masonry. The loads applied on the anchor rods are transmitted by a chemical adhesion to the substrate (reactions) and mechanical interlock between the components mentioned. The design pattern of uniform adhesion establishes that the structural performance of an adhesive anchoring system is determined by the bond strength (τ) developed across the contact surface, between the components within the anchor hole. This project, in partnership with AMBEX, investigates and assesses the performance of an anchoring system, with an adhesive of cementitious material, related to the creep behaviour. To achieve this, steel rebars were anchored in a conventional concrete substrate. Two adhesives were evaluated: AAC and ARC cartridges. Geometrical and installation parameters were taken into account, to ensure bond failure during pullout tests. Two service conditions were studied: room temperature (21ºC) and high temperature (43ºC). Static tensile tests and creep tests were performed. The results are presented in graphs “load-displacement-time”, in order to make predictions of future behavior. The project shows the advantages of adhesive anchors made of cementitious material, as a feeble creep rate at sustained load, and also some limitations, as the variability of tension test results for anchors tested with AAC cartridge.
Dos, Reis Daniel. "Évaluation électromagnétique en régime diffusif de défauts et objets 3D enfouis : du modèle d'interaction à l'inversion de données." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077186.
Full textBouda, Pascal. "Méthode des champs virtuels pour la caractérisation du comportement dynamique de matériaux métalliques sous chargement purement inertiel." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019VALE0003/document.
Full textThis thesis aims at developing an innovative methodology for viscoplastic material behaviour characterization of metallic materials under purely inertial loads. Indeed, their mechanical behaviour under extreme conditions (e.g., crash, impact or explosions) is often rate-dependant. Statically determinate approaches are mainly used to characterize their behaviour. However, they require numerous tests for which testing conditions are strongly constrained, such as the strain rate which has to remain constant in time and space for instance. By contrast, statically undeterminate approaches enable test processing with a few (or without) hypotheses on experimental conditions. In this work, the Image-Based Inertial Impact test methodology has been extended to characterize the viscoplastic behaviour of metallic materials. Owing to the Virtual Fields Method, it enables the identification of constitutive material parameters with the sole knowledge of strain and acceleration fields (possibly heterogeneous in time and space). Therefore, constitutive models can be characterized over a wide range of plastic strain and strain rate, while the number of tests is limited. Tests design notably relies on the development of a synthetic images generator to determine the experimental setup (e.g., specimen geometry or testing conditions). Finally, experiments are carried out with optimized test configurations to identify Johnson-Cook parameters over a predicted range of plastic strain and strain rate for a titanium alloy widely used in aerospace industry. Identification uncertainties are also quantified and analysed in this work
Shi, Feifei. "Comportement des tôles métalliques à gradient de propriété sous chargement dynamique." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DENS0035/document.
Full textThis Ph.D dissertation aimed at the comprehensive understanding and the constitutive modeling of the mechanical behaviours of the surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) treated AISI304 stainless steel sheet under a large range of loading rates. SMAT treated AISI304 stainless steel sheets are multi-layered functionally graded materials (FGM). The main research results and conclusions are summarized as followed:(1) The overall rate sensitivity SMAT treated AISI304 stainless steel sheet is characterized by the double shearing test under quasi-static and dynamic loading where a large strain can be achieved without geometry instability. Impact double shear test are performed with a large diameter Hopkinson bar system and an adapted equal-impedance clamping device. Significant rate sensitivity is found. It is also observed that such a rate enhancement does not induce an important reduction of the ductility.(2) In order to extract accurate material information from the double shear tests, their testing conditions are thoroughly analyzed using numerical simulation. Numerical models including clamping devices have been built to investigate the influence of this clamping device at the early stage of loading. A limited effect was found for various imperfect testing conditions such as the clamping device stiffness, non-homogeneous stress and strain fields, non-equilibrium state, etc. On the contrary, numerical and analytical study shows that the simple small strain assumption usually used in double shear tests are not accurate enough. Eulerian cumulated strain definition should be used to get consistent numerical results. From this finding, the experimental rate sensitivity obtained for the SMAT treated AISI304 stainless steel sheet are recalculated.(3) A multi-layers elastic plastic damageable constitutive model is proposed to model SMAT treated AISI304 stainless steel sheet. The parameters are identified using tensile testing results. The elastic plastic behavior is curve fitted with a simple Ludwig hardening model. However, the damage parameters should be identified using an inverse method on the basis of numerical simulation of these tensile tests. In order to validate this multi-layer elastic plastic damageable constitutive model, indentation/piercing tests on SMAT treated AISI304 stainless steel sheet are performed. Numerical simulation of this indentation/piercing tests is also realized. It is found that the identified multi-layer elastic plastic damageable constitutive model allows for a quite accurate prediction of the experimental piercing tests.(4) In order to evaluate the impact anti-piercing capacity of the SMAT treated AISI304 stainless steel sheet, the impact perforation tests using Hopkinson bar are carried out. Numerical simulation of these impact perforation tests are realized with a similar FEM model as the quasi-static case. As the rate sensitivity of SMAT treated AISI304 stainless steel sheet is experimentally characterized with double shear test, a rate sensitive multi-layer elastic plastic damageable constitutive model is introduced. The numerical results agree well with the experimental ones, which indicates the effectiveness of the numerical model as well as the rate sensitive multi-layer elastic plastic damageable constitutive model
Dallel, Dorra. "Etude expérimentale modèle de l'imbibition capillaire de substrats poreux à volume et structure de pores ajustables." Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00870951.
Full textBaksic, Alexandre. "Transitions de phase quantiques dans le régime de couplage ultrafort de l'electrodynamique quantique." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077165.
Full textQuantum Electrodynamics describes the interaction of light with matter at atomic scale. By placing atoms inside a cavity, it is possible to increase the amplitude of their interaction with vacuum electromagnetic fluctuation. It is even possible to increase it in such a way that a quantum superradiant phase transition occurs, the system passing from a phase called normal (atoms in their ground state and vacuum of photons) to a phase called superradiant (macroscopic number of atomic and photonic excitations in the ground state). However, this theoretical prediction seems prohibited by the "No-go theorem" for superradiant phase transitions. We reconsidered some of the assumptions that led to this theorem and showed that with those new assumptions the superradiant phase transition can occur. We also took advantage of a new field, Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics, which focuses on the behaviour of "artificial" atoms made out of superconducting materials, which are more flexible and controllable than "real" atoms. This greater flexibility, allowed us to consider a new type of superradiant phase transition that led to a richer phase diagram than the traditional one
Busserolles, Jérôme. "Contribution à l'étude du stress oxydant dans un modèle de syndrome métabolique : le rat recevant un régime riche en fructose." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF1MM15.
Full textKapche, Tagne François. "Utilisation d'un modèle quasi-bidimensionnel pour la simulation d'un transistor à effet de champ en régime de fonctionnement non linéaire." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10037.
Full textCaraman, Nicolas. "Expérimentation modèle en écoulement gaz-solide co-courant confiné : application de la modélisation eulérienne à l'analyse de l'influence du chargement en situation monodispersée ou polydispersée." Toulouse, INPT, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPT006H.
Full textAmara, Salah. "Elaboration et validation d'un modèle de transferts thermiques instationnaires gaz-paroi dans la chambre de combustion d'un moteur." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1994. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1547_samara.pdf.
Full textBoleda, Mario. "Démographie historique des Andes : évaluation de certaines méthodes d'estimation du régime démographique à l'époque moderne." Lyon 2, 2003. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2003/boleda_m.
Full textDemographic dynamics estimations on historical population are frequently done by methods designed to be applied when data are lacking or incomplete. In this thesis, it is proposed an empirical test for several of these methods: the stable and quasi-stable models, that were elaborated by Coale & Demeny (1966) and the inverse projection designed by R. Lee as it is included in the POPULATE solution, a software produced by Robert McCaa and H Pérez Brignoli. Methods appeared to be seriously biaised. Differences between direct mesures and estimates coming from the tested methods were much larger than expected. Researchers are going to be using these techniques in the next future, waiting for a new and better procedure. Researchers can now apply the correction factors that we obtained from our experimental study based on the Quebec population
Araoud, Zouhour. "Etude du régime dynamique d'un plasma de décharge électrique dans la vapeur de mercure." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/651/.
Full textThe present work deals with the modelling of the high-pressure-mercury lamp during the last phase of the warm-up period. Simulation is carried out in the frame of Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium using a time-dependent two-dimensional computational fluid model. After validation from comparison with literature results, this model is used to analyse the dynamic behavior of a high pressure mercury discharge lamp, to describe the evolution of various results during this phase and to measure the effect of the convection. Two models have been compared. The first takes into account of the convection and the second neglects it. We proved that the convection slows down the warm-up phase while increasing mercury losses behind the electrodes and the time of evaporation of the quantity of mercury. In the electric discharge, the influences of several parameters such as the current and the geometry of the burner are studied. Their incidences on the thermalisation of the discharge were examined. It was found, in one hand, that the warm-up of a high pressure mercury lamp is accelerated by amplifying the current or the inter-electrodes length with constant current. On the other hand, an increase in the diameter slows down it
Martínez, González José Luis. "Caractérisation métataxonomique du microbiote intestinal dans un modèle porcin nourri avec un régime hyperlipidique composé de fromage cheddar et de beurre." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68971.
Full textIn recent decades, dairy products have been associated with weight gain due to their high fat milk content, generating a negative consumer assessment. However, scientific studies revealed beneficial effects of dairy products such as cheese due to the presence of functional peptides produced from hydrolysis, as favorable ingredients for health. Nevertheless, several cheeses as cheddar contain a high concentration of dairy fat. Given the interest to know how the dairy products could affect the clinical physiology of host, studies about the gut microbiota structures has been proposed. However, controversial results from these studies have been obtained. This thesis aimed to evaluate the effects of butter and proteins hydrolysate from cheese on the structure of the gut microbiota associated with clinical parameters of lipidemia. The goal of this project was to characterize microbiota variations in the intestinal sections of the ileum, colon and fecal sample using a metataxonomic approach with Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing. In the first part of this project, a porcine model was established to provide a model for the study of gut microbiota associated with obesity from fecal samples including ileum and colon. In the first part of this study, the approach of isolation and purification of high-quality DNA has been standardized and established. Subsequently, a bioinformatics pipeline was generated using QIIME v.1.9.1 open source software. Later, a trial was defined in pigs fed with lard-fructose (HFF). At 12 weeks of treatment, a dysbiosis process was associated with diet-induced changes estimated by a LEfse discriminant method (significant LDA score> 2.0), as well as alpha and beta diversity. The genus Fusobacteria, a potent pathogen carrying LPS, associated with sulfate-reducing bacteria such as Desulfovibrio and Anaerovibrio a genus of bacteria with lipolytic activity, showed a significant increase (p-value <0,05) of this model fed to HFF in pigs. These metataxonomic profiles of the pig gut microbiota have also been linked to an increase in lipidemia parameters in the peripheral blood. This microbiota composition was also profiled to metabolic syndromes by qPCR. These results constitute an important reference base for the characterization of an obesogenic diet associated with gut microbial dysbiosis. In order to validate the effects of the high-fat free-fructose (HF) diet, a second test was performed. In this trial, the results obtained showed an asymptomatic dysbiosis. Indeed, alpha and beta diversity profiles, in addition to qPCR profiling, showed significant distances between HF treatment and low-fat treatment control. However, the measure of lipidemia (cholesterol and triglycerides) and the level of LPS were irrelevant between treatments. These results showed that the high-fat diet can significantly alter the VI ecological structures of the microbiota without necessarily causing physiological changes in the host. Finally, the third part of the project, consisting in the characterization of the impact of diets with butter or cheddar cheese composed of highly hydrolyzed peptides, on the gut microbiota of pig model. The ileum, the colon, and the feces were sampled at 10 weeks. Measurements of the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity and Weighted-UniFrac phylogenetic distances, and the LDA-LEfse discriminatory analysis of the beta and alpha diversities demonstrated a neutral effect on the gut microbiota subjected to the cheddar diet, while significant dissimilarities were observed with the butter treatment. The abundance of Enterobacteriaceae, Mogibacteriaceae, Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, Paraprevotella, Phasolarctobacterium, Turicibacter, Clostridiaceae Akkermansia sp., Bacteroides sp., Lactobacillus reuteri, and Ruminococcus characterized the gut microbiota of the treatment with butter. The significant increase of Akkermansia and Ruminococcus gnavus in (two clades closely related to the degradation of mucin, which is a health indicator of intestinal integrity), suggest an alteration of the gut microbiota due to butter treatment, which could be proposed as biomarkers to comply with the control diet with lard-HF. We highlighted the identification of the taxonomic level by oligotypes of the genus Akkermansia in the pig model. This identification revealed nine signed-oligotypes from the Akkermansia taxon, in the colon and fecal samples of pigs fed butter. This was the first time that a highly discriminating depth of metataxonomic analysis was performed in the pig model. The pig as a model that allows the characterization of the gut microbiota affected by a dietary treatment. Finally, diets enriched with cheddar cheese and butter have convergent effects on the host-microbiota relationship and can be observed distinctly through microbial structures in the intestinal sections.
Larue, Jean-René. "Effets d'un régime hypoprotidique supplemente en céto-analogues dans le modèle d'insuffisance rénale chronique par réduction nephronique 5/6éme chez le rat." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR23034.
Full textHan, Kyun-Woo. "Le régime de la recevabilité dans le contentieux administratif coréen : étude comparative pour une adaptation du modèle français en République de Corée." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010296.
Full textIn many modern countries, there is the principal rule to control administrative activity and it is admitted that the courts serve as a check on administrative bodies by exercising the power of judicial review. Korea also has affirmed this principal rule since the independence in 1945. It is also natural for the courts to control activities in the administrative process. Otherwise the quasijudicial function of administrative agencies is the subject of substantial controversy in korea. Regardless of whether a court is asked to review an agency's quasi-judicial actions, there is a certain of issues that the courts must initially resolve : do the complaining parties have standing to sue? standing to sue involves two important issues. First, is the action or decision of the agency subject to judicial review ? not all administrative decisions are reviewable. The second issue is whether or not the plaintiff in any particular case is able to obtain judicial review. In this problem, there is a further development in france. Then, it is to our interest to study the french model to apply in republic of korea
Ajana, Boutaleb Souad. "Paliers hydrostatiques en régime turbulent : limites de validité d'un modèle classique : modélisation de l'écoulement à la jonction des chambres et des portées." Lille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LIL10003.
Full textRassou, Sébastien. "Accélération d'électrons par onde de sillage laser : Développement d’un modèle analytique étendu au cas d’un plasma magnétisé dans le régime du Blowout." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS066/document.
Full textAn intense laser pulse propagating in an under dense plasma (ne< 10¹⁸ W.cm⁻²) and short(τ₀< 100 fs), the bubble regime is reached. Within the bubble the electric field can exceed 100 GV/m and a trapped electron beam is accelerated to GeV energy with few centimetres of plasma.In this regime, the electrons expelled by the laser ponderomotive force are brought back and form a dense sheath layer. First, an analytic model was derived using W. Lu and S. Yi formalisms in order to investigate the properties of the wakefield in the blowout regime. In a second part, the trapping and injection mechanisms into the wakefield were studied. When the optical injection scheme is used, electrons may undergo stochastic heating or cold injection depending on the lasers’ polarisations. A similarity parameter was introduced to find out the most appropriate method to maximise the trapped charge. In a third part, our analytic model is extended to investigate the influence of an initially applied longitudinal magnetic field on the laser wakefield in the bubble regime. When the plasma is magnetized two remarkable phenomena occur. Firstly the bubble is opened at its rear, and secondly the longitudinal magnetic field is amplified - at the rear of the bubble - due to the azimuthal current induced by the variation of the magnetic flux. The predictions of our analytic model were shown to be in agreement with 3D PIC simulation results obtained with Calder-Circ. In most situations the wake shape is altered and self-injection can be reduced or even cancelled by the applied magnetic field. However, the application of a longitudinal magnetic field, combined with a careful choice of laser-plasma parameters, reduces the energy spread of the electron beam produced after optical injection
Zhang, Xiao Ping. "Modélisation de la vitesse de propagation des fissures de fatigue sous chargement à amplitude variable." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPL087N.
Full textAssoumane, Amadou. "Diagnostic des engrenages et des roulements par une analyse vibratoire en régime variable." Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE2061.
Full textOver the past ten years, several vibration signal-processing methods have been developed for the diagnosisof stationary rotating machines. However, more and more machines under surveillance operate in variable speed condition such as wind turbines, crushers, etc... The methods developed for the monitoring and diagnosis of these machines in steady state are no longer suitable for variable regimes. Some tools proposed for the variable regime case are limited to specific applications or offer a theoretical framework that limits their use in real situations. The purpose of this thesis is precisely to overcome these limitations, and this, by proposing a new approach to analyse the vibration signal acquired in variable regime. The strategy implemented in this thesis is based on a modelling of the vibration signal in the state space and an estimation H∞ of the characteristic quantities of the operating state of the machine. First, we described the vibration signal in the state space through a projection of the envelope of each frequency component of the signal on the orthogonal canonical basis. Then we proposed an estimate of the envelope. This estimation approach is based on a minimax optimization and consists of minimizing the maximum of the estimation error without making any assumptions about the statistical nature of the state model noise. This strategy ledto what we called in this thesis 'BCOH∞ estimator'. The proposed new approach has been applied to synthetic and experimental signals for the diagnosis of gears and bearings condition in variable speed
Derbel, Nizar. "Elaboration et mise en oeuvre d'un modèle HF du transformateur à trois colonnes en vue de la simulation des surtensions transitoires transmises aux lignes BT." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ECDL0023.
Full textFor the study of electromagnetic transients in network, component models are needed for a wide frequency range. The present work intends to contribute in this direction : we have developed a three columns transformer model. It can be easily used in standard network program as EMTP. By the very nature of their construction, with coils close together, transformers have signifiant capacitance as well as inductance in medium frequency range. So, it is important for the transformer designer to know the various responses to impulses that can excite its natural frequencies. To develop the transformer model, we have to calculate the elementary parameters of a typical three columns power transformer (self and mutual inductance, capacitance and resistance). These parameters are computed by using the geometry and the physical characteristics of the transformer. The inductive and resistive parameters are calculated within the presence of a real magnetic shell core represented by an equivalent electric circuit. The coupling capacitive (against iron core, turn to turn, section to section) are obtained using the PHI3D program. The experimental results obtained on a single-phase transformer subject to a lightning stroke have a good accuracy with those of simulations. This model have been used to study electromagnetic transients induced by a lightning stroke on a MT-BT network, where transmission line, pole ground, low-voltage installation and ZnO arrester are represented
Lecocq, Yannick. "Contribution à l'analyse et à la modélisation des écoulements turbulents en régime de convection mixte - Application à l'entreposage des déchets radioactifs." Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00375441.
Full textDans un premier temps, lorsque le régime de convection mixte est dominant, ces calculs, réalisés par le modèle bas-Reynolds k-w SST, et complétés par un calcul isotherme, mettent en évidence de nombreuses structures tourbillonnaires recensées par la bibliographie. Un calcul avec le modèle haut-Reynolds Rij-epsilon SSG est aussi effectué. Avec le modèle k-w SST, l'échange thermique est convenablement reproduit par rapport à l'expérience VALIDA, conduite par le CEA, alors qu'avec le modèle Rij-epsilon SSG celui-ci est fortement sous-estimé, certainement en raison de l'utilisation de lois de paroi.
Dans un second temps, lorsque la convection naturelle est prépondérante, la topologie des écoulements est alors complètement différente et le transfert thermique est bien moins fidèle à l'expérience VALIDA.
Le modèle à pondération elliptique EBRSM, issu de l'approche de Durbin, consiste en la prise en compte des effets de paroi, et en particulier le blocage à la paroi. D'après ce formalisme, un modèle algébrique des flux thermiques avec pondération elliptique est développé, l'EBAFM. Avec ce modèle, des tests a priori dans les trois régimes de convection puis les simulations sur les mêmes cas montrent une nette amélioration dans la prédiction des différents écoulements faisant place à une perspective intéressante d'un modèle intermédiaire entre une formulation SGDH et des équations de transport.
Garcia, Miranda J. Santos. "Développement d'un nouveau modèle d'endommagement et de cumul de dommage en fatigue sous sollicitations variables." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-155.pdf.
Full textGrondin, Julissa. "Analyse des instabilités et de la restabilisation d'un rouet centrifuge à régime partiel." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEC019.
Full textThis work presents a numerical investigation of the aerodynamic instabilities occurring in the centrifugal compressor Turbocel, which is currently tested at the LMFA laboratory. The study aims at better understanding the mechanisms of these instabilities, as well as the mechanisms of the restabilization which is observed in the compressor at low mass flow rates and partial regime. The computational domain is restricted to the isolated impeller without the other components of the stage (Inlet Guide Vane and radial diffuser). RANS and URANS simulations are carried out on a single channel of the impeller, with the elsA solver. RANS simulations are able to capture the strong increase in impeller pressure ratio, which is observed in the tests at low flow rate. The simulations show that this increase results from a strong rise in the work transferred to the flow by the blades. This coincides with the initiation of a reversed flow zone in the impeller inducer, in the zone between the main blades and the splitter blades leading edges. The first flow particles to reverse are those coming from a stall zone on the main blade leading edge, after they have gone up to the shroud and have been transported by the tip clearance flow. This recirculation zone extends towards both the hub and the inlet when the mass flow decreases. Secondly, URANS simulations are used to characterize the unsteady flow in the impeller. Albeit restricted to a single channel, these simulations capture the existence of rotating structures in the impeller inducer, at mass flow rates which correspond to the positively-sloped part of the pressure ratio performance curve obtained from RANS results. On the other hand, in the two negatively-sloped parts of the characteristic, the field remains steady and equal to the corresponding RANS solution. The simulated rotating structures differ from classical rotating stall because their propagation is due to a convection effect by the tip flow around the circumference, rather than a mass flow repartition between the different channels. The numerical results are then validated against experimental results, and against a full-annulus simulation as well. Without external perturbation, the results of the full-annulus and isolated channel simulations remain identical during the simulated time. In the computations the presence of such rotating instabilities coincides with mass flow rate oscillations in the whole computational domain. The latter are attributed to a mechanism of rotor-stator interaction between the blades and the stall cells, due to the fact that the number of blades and the number of stall cells are equal. Moreover, when these stall cells are observed in the simulations, the average performance of the impeller is higher than the RANS performance. Illustrative results with the analytical model of Moore-Greitzer for surge and rotating stall are presented in an axial configuration. They also result in a performance which stands above the steady, underlying characteristic of the compressor. Finally, the Moore-Greitzer model proves to be unable to capture the mass flow rate oscillations which are observed in the simulations. As an outlook, this suggests to integrate the rotor-stator interaction between the rotating stall cells and the blades in the analytical model, in order to improve the fast prediction of aerodynamic instabilities in the future
Krumenacker, Laurent. "Contribution à la prévision de l'érosion de cavitation à partir de simulations numériques : proposition d'un modèle à deux échelles pour l'estimation du chargement imposé en paroi par le fluide." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GRENI006/document.
Full textDuring the life's cycle of a hydraulic installation, the occurrence of cavitation can cause significant damages on the material's surface. The quantification of the cavitation intensity in different geometry can be useful to get better designs for new installations, but also to improve the operating and to optimize maintenance of existing equipments. The development of universal laws of similarity from experiments is difficult due to the large number of parameters governing cavitating flows. With the increase of computational performance, numerical simulations offer the opportunity to study this phenomenon in various geometries. The main difficulty of this approach is the scale's difference existing between the numerical simulations U-RANS used to calculate the cavitating flow and mechanisms of bubble's collapse held responsible for damages on the solid. The proposed method in this thesis is based on a textbf{post-treatment} of the textbf{U-RANS} simulations to characterize a distribution of bubbles and to simulate their behavior at lower spatial and temporal scales. Our first objective is to make explicit a system of equations corresponding to phenomena occurring locally in the two-phase flow. This work leads to the development of mixture variables taking into account the presence of non-condensable gases in the fluid. Assumptions are taken to make the system, after using the Reynolds averaging procedure, equivalent to those, using a homogeneous approach, implemented in the unsteady cavitating flows solvers previously developed in the laboratory. The characterization of bubbles made by this post-treatment takes into account both the surface tension and the presence of non-condensable gases. The development of a solver for the simulation of the dynamic of a bubble cloud is started. It aims to take into account both the interactions between bubbles and non-spherical deformations with a potential method. First results of these simulations are presented and small non-spherical deformations occurring during the collapse can be observed. Finally, we propose a chained method between these two systems initializing the bubble dynamic solver with results of U-RANS simulations. The energy emitted during the implosion of bubbles impacting the solid surface is calculated. So the aggressiveness of the flow on the material can be characterized. We apply this method on different flows to compare numerical and experimental results