Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modèle à cinq facteurs'
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Duplessis, Élisabeth. "Intolérance à l'incertitude et personnalité." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2801.
Full textTouzé, Pierre-André. "La pertinence du modèle des cinq facteurs de personnalité pour la prédiction de critères de performance : une application au métier d'aide-soignant." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE2034.
Full textIgier, Valérie. "Les différents âges de la vie tels que perçus aux différents âges de la vie : une application du modèle de personnalité à cinq facteurs." Tours, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOUR2010.
Full textLe, Corff Yann. "Traits de la personnalité associations avec les comportements antisociaux, et conséquences pour l'intervention." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/943.
Full textPasquier, Daniel. "Evaluation de la personnalité à l'aide des questionnaires auto-descriptifs : approche critique du postulat de la stabilité de l'image de soi : pour une autre utilisation et une autre lecture du modèle des cinq facteurs." Rouen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ROUEL584.
Full textThe psychologist use self-reported questionnaires based on the five factors model, FFM. This a-theoretical model, supposed to describe in an exhaustive way the personality using five orthogonal bipolar factors, would be stable in time and social space by the fact of the genetic origin of the differences. After a review we show that the structure of FFM does not answer the criterion of orthogonality, nor of stability because of its sensitivity to the contexts of making. Experiments confirm that additional information with the instruction of a Q-sort image of oneself make it possible to direct the choices in the direction induced by this information, with a personnologic share of 10% of the variance. Beyond variability, we emphasizes the existence of transverse scripts ordering the items in implicatives sequences. We finishe by elaboration of a model dynamic which takes into account the social regard of oneself, the management of impression and the emotional vulnerability state/trait
Caruana, Sylvain. "De la connaissance de la valeur sociale à la prédiction de performance. Approche psychosociale de la description de soi dans les inventaires de personnalité." Thesis, Reims, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REIML009/document.
Full textOur aim was to show that self-description in personality inventories communicate individuals' self-knowledge about their social value. Following social judgment framework, social value is defined around two fundamental dimensions: social desirability and social utility. The former refers to the individuals' reputation to elicit positive affects in interpersonal relations. The latter refers to the individuals' reputation to perform in social systems. We postulated that self-description in personality inventories rely more on the social utility and social desirability of the items (evaluative information) than on the personality factors they are supposed to measure (descriptive information). We first showed that personality items could cover more or less social desirability or social utility. Then, we showed that these two components serve the malleability of self-descriptions according to explicit or implicit social exigencies. In a third set of studies, we studied the role of descriptive and evaluative information on performance inferences. Results showed the primacy of evaluative over descriptive information for professional performance inferences. Finally, the last two studies show that personality factors predict performance primarily through the items whose social value is congruent with the value mobilized by the performance criterion (selection, social relations). Taken together, the results support our hypothesis and indicate that individuals express an intuitive knowledge of their social value in personality inventories
Jiao, Wenting. "Exploring Risk Factors on Chinese A Share Stock Market - in the Frame of Fama - French Factor Model." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1G013/document.
Full textThis dissertation is to explore the risk factors and factor models on Chinese A-share stock market based on the context of Fama-French (FF) factor model. First of all, chapter 1 re-examines the applicability of Fama-French Three-Factor (FF3F) Model and the latest Fama-French Five-Factor (FF5F) Model considering several special features of Chinese stock market. FF3F Model can explain a majority of time-series variation of the Chinese A-share stock returns. The market beta and SMB are important determinants in explaining the cross-sectional variation in the average stock returns over the sample period; however, we find no value premium. Comparing the performance of both FF3F Model and FF5F Model on Chinese A-share stock market, in the presence of profitability and investment factors, FF5F Model seems not capture more variations of expected stock returns than the three-factor model except the six value-weighted portfolios formed on size and operating profitability.Chapter 2 examines whether FF factors SMB and HML proxy for the innovations of selected state variables (aggregate dividend yield, one-month T-bill rate, term spread and default spread) that describe future investment opportunities on Chinese A-share stock market during the research period. Both time-series and cross-sectional regressions are performed on five comparative models using Fama-MacBeth two-stage approach. FF factors don’t lose their explanatory power with or without the presence of the innovations of selected four state variables in both the time-series and cross-sectional examinations. We find that the information contained in innovation of aggregate dividend yields seems totally captured by the combination of market beta and size factor. FF factors might have played a limited role in capturing alternative investment opportunities proxied by innovations of the selected four state variables.Chapter 3 investigates whether FF factors proxy for distress risk factor and whether different methods of constructing factors result in the different outcomes. The empirical results suggest that there is no significant evidence that FF factors are proxying for distress risk on Chinese A-share stock market. Comparing the time-series regression results by using two different methods, the distress risk factor constructed based on DLI seems to perform slightly better than that constructed based on O-score in capturing time-series average returns. However, the distress risk factor is not an important determinant of cross-sectional average returns, and FF factors cannot proxy as distress risk factor in the cross-section on Chinese A-share stock market
Laglaive, Frédéric. "Validité structurale des cinq grands facteurs de personnalité appelés "Big Five" dans un contexte professionnel : le cas des agents de la Surveillance Générale à la Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Français (SNCF)." Paris 5, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA05H050.
Full textFive major factors known as the "Big Five" are on the way to becoming the international standard among traits models. Indeed, for the past 10 years or so, a considerable number of publications have put forward arguments in favour of these factors, their use in applied research being an important one. Occupational psychology has taken advantage of them, especially in criterion-related validity studies. However, the inadequacy of these five factors to predict occupational performance in an optimal way has been proved, adding to the general criticism which include the lexical origin with the preponderant part played by adjectives. Within this framework, the relevance of the five factor model in organizations is questioned particularly its capacity to explain statistically (by means of confirmatory factor analysis) individual differences in occupational performance. From self-ratings of a railway police sample (N=335) based on contextualized behaviours, and following a psychometric approach, the lack of structural validity of the Big Five is shown in the environment under study (using various fit indices). The subjects' tendency to present themselves in a favourable light was taken into consideration and did not modify this result ; the very high correlations found between the five factors support the idea that the structure imposed by them does not suit at all the ratings collected. The exploratory factor analysis conducted on items corroborates this : seven factors, almost independent and specific to the occupation examined, emerged. The significance of the results for the criterion-related validity of personality traits is discussed, notably in light of recent knowledge regarding work performance
Ben, Hafsia Abdelhafidh. "Facteurs de virulence des bordetellae : le modèle de Bordetella parapertussis." Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA114806.
Full textTaib, Asmâa. "Le modèle à trois facteurs de Fama et French revisité." Toulouse 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU10002.
Full textThis thesis deals with the relation between stock returns and risk within the framework of the three factor model of Fama and French (1993). The aim of this research is to substitute Size and Book-to-Market ratio in the model by more relevant specific variables related to operating costs and debt. We think that systematic risk depends upon three risk factors : business risk, operating risk and financial risk. The business risk refers to the intrinsic risk of the firm likely captured by the stationary estimated beta of the CAPM. The other sources of risk are probably fluctuant. We show that they could be captured by two easily measured variables: Sales-to-Price ratio and Debt-to-Equity ratio. The specified model joints the principal factor of risk, beta, to the additional risk measured by the two hypothesized ratios. Our model is compared to the model of Fama and French and to the CAPM on the French stock market. Many empirical tests using time series and cross-section regressions are proposed from July 1991 to June 2004. Our three factor model is well-specified. It does a good job explaining common variation in stock returns and cross-section of average returns
Molay, Eric. "Modélisation empirique de la rentabilité : le modèle à trois facteurs, une alternative au modèle de marché ?" Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX32064.
Full textThe more and more widely use of the Fama and French three-factor model (1993) in academic literature confirms researcher's interest in this empirical model. This research contributes to the empirical validation of pricing models on the French stock market and a better understanding of the French investors'behaviour. Besides, the debate concerning about the three-factor model is still open. By confirming its sound descriptive ability in assessing stocks returns on a market other than the American one, this study provides partial answer to the critical views on the reliability of empirical tests on a single sample. The cross-sectional study renews the view on the cross-sectional relation between the expected returns and various factors including coefficient beta. .
Mayuto, Radjabu. "Facteurs d'influence sur l'intention entrepreneuriale des immigrants : vers un modèle intégrateur." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68541.
Full textIn the globalized economy, migration as a new development tool is one of the new paradigmsin which entrepreneurship actors play an important role. Among them, immigrants play asignificant role in host countries. Changes in the context of globalization are fostering the need for a deeper understanding of the complexity of immigrants’ entrepreneurial processand behavior. The overall objective of this thesis is to show that specificity of the determinants of immigrants’ entrepreneurial emergence depends on their individual characteristics and those of host environments. To achieve this overall objective, a sub-objective is chosen per article among the three that make up this thesis. In the first article, it was a question of developing a synthesis and an integrative conceptual framework of the sub-fields of study of the immigrant entrepreneurial activity sets. In the second article, we proceeded to generate a theory for an entrepreneurial intention model that fits with the international reality of immigrants. In the third article, we assessed the effect of key determinants on the entrepreneurial intention of immigrants. Results and contributions include the identification of four subfields of study and four factor levels that explain the entrepreneurial process (individual, ethnic group, business and environmental characteristics), understanding entry into entrepreneurship implies that the immigrant has a cognitive ability subject to assessing perceived constraints and opportunities in terms of perceived risk, the use of structural equations model allowed us to highlight the distance of entrepreneurial culture as a perceived feasibility reducer, while entrepreneurship institutional support should act as its amplifier in order to maximize entrepreneurial intention (for the ultimate act).
Castinetti, Frédéric. "Facteurs de transcription à l'homéodomaine : du modèle murin à l'hypopituitarisme humain." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX20681/document.
Full textHypopituitarism is defined by one or several pituitary deficiencies. Congenital hypopituitarism is mostly due to transcription factors mutations. Our aims were to try to better identify some of the mechanisms involved in pituitary ontogenesis and pituitary diseases, mainly pituitary deficiencies: new pathways, new transcription factors, new mutations. - First we identified novel mechanisms necessary for the differenciation of the Pou1f1 lineages (ie somatolactotroph and thyrotroph cells). The role of TLE co-repressors is crucial, as they are able by themselves to inhibit the stimulatory actions of PROP1 on POU1F1 promoter. This is necessary to obtain a correct timing of differentiation during pituitary development (Carvalho, Brinkmeier, castinetti et al., Molecular Endocrinology, 2010). - Second, we showed the roles of 2 transcription factors, PITX2 and ISL1, in thyrotrophs maintenance and function. By using a new cre recombinase driven by the TSHb promoter, we managed to inactivate each of these transcription factors in the thyrotrophs. Inactivation of PITX2 led to a partial thyrotroph deficiency, counterbalanced by an overexpression of PITX1 (Castinetti et al., Molecular Endocrinology, submitted). Inactivation of ISL1 led to a complete thyrotroph deficiency (Castinetti et al., Molecular Endocrinology, in preparation). - Finally, we reported 1 new mutation of the LIM transcription factor LHX4, responsible for combined pituitary hormone deficiencies in a family. New phenotypic traits will help the physician improve the way to select which patients to screen for LHX4 mutations (Castinetti, Saveanu et al., JCEM, 2008)
Abet, Pierre. "L'ischémie cérébrale aigue : facteurs physiopathologiques et thérapeutique actuelle en réanimation : discussion à propos de cinq cas." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON11199.
Full textCoulombe, Zoé. "Surexpression de facteurs neurotrophiques dans un modèle murin de sclérose latérale amyotrophique." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0018/MQ55746.pdf.
Full textKim, Minchai. "Variation terminologique en francophonie. Élaboration d’un modèle d’analyse des facteurs d’implantation terminologique." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040144.
Full textOur research aims to elucidate the factors that influence the terminological implantation of a term by proposing a new typology of those factors with a method revealing how their mechanism causes terminological variation in French-language ICT. We accomplish this through an analysis of four Francophone communities: France, Quebec, Belgium, and Switzerland. After establishing a new typology, which encompasses the terminological, socio-terminological, psycho-terminological, and extra-terminological factors, we propose a hypothetical model of their mechanism by introducing three statistical concepts—dependent, independent, and moderator variables—to elucidate these factors’ relationships. We verify our model in two steps. First, for the analysis of terminological and socio- terminological factors, we examine the relations between each factor and terminological implantation of 256 French ICT terms. For this, we begin by coding the terms according to a criterion established for each factor. We then carry out a correlation analysis with Spearman’s rank correlation. Second, we analyse the psycho-terminological and extra-terminological factors with statistical tests on the answers to our questionnaire, which show significant differences between these four linguistic communities. Our analysis confirms a significant difference between the three European countries and Quebec in the mechanism of the terminological implantation factors and we conclude that the psycho-terminological and extra-terminological factors play a decisive role in this difference, which we identify as diatopic
Le, Flao Katell. "Implications de facteurs de croissance dans un modèle d'étude in vitro de l'angiogenèse." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ38135.pdf.
Full textBiran, Valérie. "Facteurs inflammatoires dans les lésions ischémiques cérébrales périnatales : un modèle chez le rat." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066293.
Full textBeaudoin, Marc-Olivier. "Skymions q-BPS : facteurs de forme électromagnétiques." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24867.
Full textMercier, Fabien. "Cinq essais dans le domaine monétaire, bancaire et financier." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020065.
Full textThe thesis studies various themes that are central to modern finance : economic agents rationality and behavioural biases with respect to nominal values, the problem of asset fundamental valuation, the changing landscape of the European post-trade industry catalysed by the Eurosystem project Target 2 Securities, and models of defaults and methods to estimate defaults cycles for a given sector. Techniques employed vary: studies on individual data,econometrics, game theory, graph theory, Monte-Carlo simulations and hidden Markov chains. Concerning monetary illusion, results confirm those of previous study while emphasizing new areas for investigation concerning the interplay of individual characteristics, such as university education, and money illusion. The study of the Fed model shows that the long term relationship assumed between nominal government bond yield and dividend yield is neither robust, nor useful for reduced time horizons. The default model based on hidden Markov chains estimation gives satisfactory results in a European context, and this besides the relative scarcity of data used for its calibration
Moussouni, Malika. "Facteurs bactériens impliqués dans la survie intramacrophagique de Pseudomonas aeruginosa et recherche d’inhibiteurs spécifiques : du modèle expérimental cellulaire au modèle vertébré Danio rerio." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTT003.
Full textThe increased number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a real challenge for medical research. WHO has published a list of very high priority pathogens, which includes Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a bacterium responsible for acute and chronic infections. P. aeruginosa is involved in nosocomial infections and is also the main pathogen responsible of the morbidity and mortality of patients with cystic fibrosis, a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the cftr gene.The macrophage is in the first line of the innate immune defense. The role during infection of the ability of P. aeruginosa to resist to the bactericidal action of macrophages is poorly understood, both in the context of cystic fibrosis or in normal conditions. Virulence factors such as MgtC and OprF have been recently identified as important in the intramacrophage survival of P. aeruginosa. The main objective of our project is to better understand the role of these factors in the establishment of P. aeruginosa infection, to test the contribution of the CFTR channel at this stage, and to develop innovative therapeutic strategy.Since it is important to better control the infection, we propose here to develop a new strategy, in addition to antibiotic therapy, which aims to limit the ability of P. aeruginosa to survive within macrophages. This approach is based on the MgtC target and a natural MgtR inhibitor.We have tested for the first time the effect of MgtR synthetic peptide on P. aeruginosa. MgtR reduces bacterial survival in macrophages, through its action on the MgtC protein, thus validating the biological effect of the synthetic peptide. This antivirulence strategy is combined with a structural approach, to characterize the MgtC/MgtR interaction from a molecular point of view and to study the effect of MgtR on MgtC dimerization. This could ultimately lead to optimize the MgtR peptide in order to test it in an animal model (preliminary studies in the embryo of zebrafish were inconclusive).In addition, I contributed in a study to characterize the bacterial factors involved in the intramacrophage stage of P. aeruginosa. This work revealed the involvement of MgtC and OprF in the expression of the T3SS, itself responsible for a lysis of macrophages by intracellular bacteria. The use of oprF mutant as an "indicator" of the intramacrophage role in vivo, allowed us to show the importance of bactericidal action of macrophage (e.g. phagosomal acidification) in the control of P. aeruginosa infection, both in cultured macrophages and in zebrafish embryo. This vertebrate model is relevant for the study of P. aeruginosa infection, but also for the involvement of CFTR. cftr-/- embryos appear to be highly susceptible to P. aeruginosa infection, and this model could determine the specific contribution of CFTR to the bactericidal action of macrophage.In conclusion, a better understanding of the intramacrophage stage of P. aeruginosa and the bacterial factors involved, may provide a better control of P. aeruginosa infection
Ben, Jemaa Kaouther. "Les facteurs du stress des alliances stratégiques : une grille de lecture selon le modèle SMOCS." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD026.
Full textWhile strategic alliances have been the subject of several studies in strategic management, this phenomenon under stress remains little explored. This thesis will study the concept of stressed strategic alliances, which it develops by enlarging the strategic perspective of stress in organizations. It emerges from the review of the literature that the strategic alliance is an unstable inter-company form, a risky and inequitable strategy. It undergoes the action and the presence of several internal and external forces that menace its survival, under risk of imbalances or dysfunctions that contribute to difficulties. Therefore, the partners must understand adaptive measures, adjustments and negotiations. The review of the literature of the failure and instability of alliances established based on the model SMOCS (Smida, 1995) allowed us to suggest the three principle factors of stress, i.e., objectives, resources and environment. A qualitative research method based on semi-directed interviews was adopted. The research goal is exploratory. Anchored in an interpretive paradigm, the target follows abductive reasoning. The adopted approach is based on analysis of 40 semi-directed interviews held with alliance managers, directors and consultants. The results of our research show that partners vacillate between convergence and divergence of objectives, between the will to share and to dominate management, between diffusion and retention of knowledge and resources, and finally, between loyalty and opportunism. The strategic alliance demands constant search of a delicate equilibrium threatened notably by aggravation of tensions. In this logic, the strategic alliance is thus a stressed organization and figures among the most stressful events for companies; it is capable of simultaneously activating several stress factors. We find that stress is positive if the adaptations, adjustments and negotiations are successful, but that it is negative in the case of their failure. This study contributes to the research on the dynamics of alliance relationships following a process of negotiations. We thus contribute a clear description of the situation of adaptation of the alliance under a situation of stress. This work presents a conceptual contribution, that of the stressed alliance as well as its different factors of stress. Managerial interest resides in the diagnostic of the situation of stress in alliances
Shapovalova, Kateryna. "Les fondamentaux d'entreprises, facteurs macroéconomiques et évaluation d'actifs." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010005.
Full textAtfi, Azeddine. "Regulation de la croissance de la prostate ventrale du rat par la cinq alpha dihydrotestosterone et les facteurs de croissance." Rennes 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REN10101.
Full textPegoraro, Fulvio. "Modèles à facteurs en temps discret pour la valorisation d'actifs financiers." Paris 9, 2006. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2006PA090063.
Full textThe general purpose of this thesis is to propose a discrete time dynamic modelling of several financial asset and commodity prices : stock options, zero-coupon bonds, coupon bonds, interest rate derivatives (swaps, caps, floors, options on zero-coupon), forward and futures contracts written on financial assets or commodities, options on forward and futures. These models can be applied to price derivatives, to forecast asset prices and returns, or to build hedging strategies. The proposed models are characterized by the following important common features : the definition of the factors, the specification of the historical factor dynamics, the introduction of a Stochastic Discount Factor, the imposition of absence of arbitrage restrictions, the derivation of the risk-neutral dynamics and asset pricing formulas, and the statistical inference on model parameters
Champain, Nicolas. "Recherche des facteurs biomécaniques dans l'aggravation des scolioses idiopathiques." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001134.
Full textBen, Hamza Taoufik. "Le modèle de substitution des exportations logique et facteurs de croissance : le cas de la Tunisie." Paris 10, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA100093.
Full textThis thesis, aims to draw up a summary of the Tunisian policy of industrial export substitution since 1970, and to assess its impact on the economic growth of the country. More specifically it studies the transmission of the growth of the export sector to the internal economy, and develops the direct and indirect effects on the Tunisian economy through the analysis of the mechanisms that are the foundation of this transmission. It also examines the notion of integrate effects. This study consists in empirical analysis in macro-economic terms and in an evaluation through empirical tests of the relationship between exports and economic growth. These tests only establish a relationship but do not explain the mechanisms which it is based on. This explains the recourse to the measure of the integration effects through the use of the instruments of national accounting (T. E. S and T. E. I. ). In order to have a complete view, we have examined the causes of the lack of competitiveness of Tunisian products. We referred to different methods of evaluation of the effective protection
Dubois, Éric. "Économie politique et prévision conjoncturelle : construction d'un modèle macroéconométrique avec prise en compte des facteurs politiques." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010069.
Full textHatsch, Didier. "Interaction hôte/pathogène:étude du modèle Humulus lupulus/Fusarium graminearum : Identification,génomique et transcriptomique du pathogène." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2004/HATSCH_Didier_2004.pdf.
Full textFusarium graminearum is a pathogen of first importance for cereal crops. This species is not described as a hop (Humulus lupulus L. ) pathogen, however it was found in Alsace on this plant during decay episodes. An identification method of the species of the genus Fusarium based on the cellobiohydrolase-C and combining CAPS (Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequence) analysis and western blot has been developed. This method allows the quick and reliable identification of 11 species of Fusarium. We investigated another molecular marker: the topoisomerase II. These two novel markers showed a better accuracy in the determination of Fusarium species than the rDNA. Through a genomic strategy, 22 genes coding putatively for xylanases were predicted and validated. A transciptomic approach, allowed the determination of gene expression profile of the predicted genes and underlined the major implication of 4 xylanases in cell wall degradation. The construction and random sequencing of a subtractive suppressive library highlighted several CWDE (Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes) and confirmed the implication of the major xylanases in the degradation of plant cell walls. Moreover gene candidates putatively implicated in pathologies have also been revealed. This work is a first step in the study of the Humulus lupulus / Fusarium graminearum system as a model. The two novel molecular markers allow a new insight in fungal communities on hop plants. The identification of CWDE putatively implicated in pathologies will lead to the design of inhibitors in order to understand and control the pathological process
Hashmi, Reza. "Modèles de survie appliqués à la démence : modèle conjoint de marqueurs et d' événements." Bordeaux 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR20936.
Full textMaire, Cecile. "Fonction des facteurs de transcription Olig1 et Olig2 dans les cellules souches neurales du système nerveux central : Etude d'un modèle de souris transgéniques d'expression inductible." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05D030.
Full textOlig1 and Olig2 are b-HLH transcription factors involved in oligodendrocyte development in the central nervous system. My project aims to analyse the effect of Olig gene over-expression in neural stem cells. Therefore, I designed and analyzed transgenic mice models with inducible expression of Olig genes in nestin+ neural stem/progenitor cells (Tet-On system). At embryonic stages, forced expression of Olig1 and Olig2 leads to ectopic expression of oligodendrocyte markers. Moreover, Olig2 over-expression decreased V3 interneuron specification. At postnatal stage Olig2 over-expression in germinative area induced earlier myelination and astrocyte specification in corpus callosum. These transgenic mice provide a useful model to test whether forced expression of Olig genes represents a possible strategy to enhance remyelination in demyelinating disease such as multiple sclerosis
Gueye, Aliou. "Alimentation durant l'adolescence : facteurs de troubles comportementaux et neurobiologiques à l'âge adulte : modèle animal chez le rat." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21805/document.
Full textAdolescent diet often contains an excessive amount of palatable food with high caloric and sugar contents. Clinical and epidemiological data show that overconsumption of these large foods and sugar beverage consumption may have consequences in adolescence during which the brain is still maturing.Several studies have shown that sugar overconsumption during adolescence have long lasting effect of disease incidence such as obesity, diabetes … However, little is known in the long lasting effect of behavior disorder related to sugar overconsumption early in life. Therefore we set up an animal model to investigate the long lasting effect of sugar overconsumption during adolescence (PND 30 - 46) in neurobiological and behavioral alterations at adulthood. Our results reveal that chronic free access to sugar during adolescence decreases motivation and induce a vertical downshift of dose response curve for natural sweet and no sweet solution at adulthood with no behaviour consequences for pharmacological reward such as cocaine. These behavioral alterations are specific: 1) to the 5% sucrose concentration which is the more rewarding dose in our rats; 2) to a long access to 5% sucrose because only these alterations of behavior are observed after 12h et 24h/day access but not after 2h/day access; 3) to the sweet taste of the solution exposure during adolescence but not to its caloric effect since saccharine (a no caloric and sweet solution) induces these behavioral alterations; 4) to the adolescent period because we show no effect when adult rats have access to a sucrose solution; 5) is not dependent on the rearing conditions during adolescence since singly housed or group housed rats show the same behavioural disorder. We also show that these long lasting behavioral alterations to palatable foods are associated to anxiogenic-like behaviors and a depressive-like state evaluated in the Novelty suppressed feeding test and the forced swimming test respectively. Chronic imipramine treatment from the end of adolescence onwards (PND 47) prevents this behavioral disorder. Immunohistochemical studies show that sucrose exposure during adolescence decreases neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and imipramine treatment restores this deficit. These results suggest the importance of diet during adolescence in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders at adulthood. Given our high sweet environment, all these data suggest that considerable effort must be conducted to control early life initiation of sugar
Bordier, Philippe. "Modèle statistique de prédiction de la resténose avec les facteurs cliniques, biologiques et angiographiques avant angioplastie coronaire." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR23113.
Full textCassilde, Catherine. "Influence des facteurs paléogéophysiques dans l'évolution des lépidoptères diurnes néotropicaux : le modèle Morpho Fabricius, 1807 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MNHN0034.
Full textLajili, Jarjir Souad. "Modélisation quantitative des marchés financiers : quatre essais sur le modèle à trois facteurs dans le cas français." Paris 9, 2003. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2003PA090024.
Full textMany patterns in stock returns apparently are not explained by the Capital Asset Pricing Model. They are called anomalies. Size and Value effects are the most documented anomalies in financial literature. The aim of this research is to study these two effects on the French stock market. Many empirical studies on the three factor model of Fama and French (1993) are proposed. From July 1976 to June 2001, adding HML and SMB portfolios to the market portfolio helps in explaining time-series and cross-section portfolio returns. Another empirical study testing the proposition of Daniel and Titman (1997) is done. We investigate two other hypothesis explaining the limits of the CAPM. First, we test the hypothesis of adding the co-moments of order three and four to the three factor model. Second, the hypothesis of a mis-specification of the market portfolio, as documented by Ferguson and Shockley (2003), is tested. This specification of the model does not help to explain the totality of size and book to market effects. The true market portfolio does not substitute SMB and HML portfolios. Finally, the SMB and HML portfolios may incorporate economic information. The three factor model does a good job in explaining average portfolio returns in recession as long as in expansion
Berson, Nadège. "Facteurs neurobiologiques associés à l'addiction à la cocaïne : etude au moyen d'un modèle d'addiction chez le rat." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR21688/document.
Full textNumerous individuals consume one, or several, psychoactive substances during their lifetime. Although most consumers make only occasional and controlled use of a substance, some lose control of their use, which constitutes a major symptom of addiction. Understanding the psychobiological mechanisms which underlie this vulnerability to the transition from controlled drug use to addiction would constitute a decisive step forward in our understanding of the pathology and in our identification of the relevant therapeutic targets. Indeed despite intense research efforts during the last 40 years, the therapies available are of limited efficacy. This is probably related to the complexity of the pathology, as well as to the unsuitability of experimental preparations to the clinical definition of addiction. In such a context, there was a significant breakthrough 5 years ago when our research team developed the first pluri-symptomatic model of cocaine addiction in the rat. Thanks to this model it is possible to single out animals that develop an addiction-like behavior from others that, despite equivalent prior drug consumption, keep their use under control. The aim of our doctoral research, based on this rat addiction model, was to identify the neurobiological differences between addicted and non-addicted users, and then to start investigating neurobiological mechanisms that could underly transition to addiction. For this latter point we considered the major differences identified between addicts and non-addicts, and we studied their evolution from early (before addiction) to late cocaine use (after addiction development). We used a multidisciplinary approach associating behavioral, molecular and systems neuroscience. We compared addicts and non-addicts by means of a targeted strategy and a non-targeted strategy. The non-targeted strategy consisted in evaluating large-scale gene expression by means of a gene–profiling technique (approximately 28,000 genes tested simultaneously). The targeted approach consisted in analysing factors known to be modified by the use or chronic administration of cocaine. Concentrating on one main structure, the nucleus accumbens, we studied: (i) the expression of targeted genes by means of qPCR; (ii) several forms of synaptic plasticity using in vitro electrophysiology; (iii) the activity of the dopaminergic neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) (projecting towards the nucleus accumbens) using in vivo electrophysiology; (iv) the liberation of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens by means of in vivo microdialysis. We showed that addict and non-addict rats adapt to cocaine in very different ways. Non-addict users seem able to counteract the early neurobiological changes triggered by cocaine, while addict users are not. Addict users present neurobiological responses to cocaine that are similar to those of naive animals or of animals having been exposed to the drug for a very short period. In conclusion, the data obtained during this PhD work radically modify the general perception of the psychopathology of addiction. Addiction would be less due to modifications produced by the drug (as thought for the last 40 years) than to the inability to fight against those modifications
Ismaili, Naïma. "Identification et caractérisation de deux facteurs d'épissage chez trypanosoma brucei :modèle d'interactions impliquées dans le trans-épissage." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212073.
Full textSirois, Stéphanie. "La relation entre le modèle des cinq grands traits de la personnalité et la performance contextuelle en emploi chez les conseillers financiers." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5883.
Full textAribou, Mohamed-Larbi. "Facteurs de réussite du transfert de connaissances dans les fusions et acquisitions : les enseignements de cinq cas dans les secteurs de haute technologie." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAB009.
Full textConsidering the high failure rate recorded by a good number of mergers and acquisitions (M&A), knowledge transfer seems to be a determining factor in the integration process among merging enterprises. The empirical literature on the transfer of knowledge in M&A tends to divide up into two distinct categories: on the one hand, "macro" studies (at inter-organizational level) and on the other hand, "micro" studies (at individual’s level). Yet, a looming third category has been scored recently, which focuses its analysis on "soft" dimensions (at collective level). This scission restricts the scope and explanatory capacities of empirical studies upon the success and failure factors of knowledge transfer. To make up for this gap, we suggest a multi-level analytical grid taking "macro" factors, "micro" factors and "soft" factors simultaneously into account. This theoretical framework allows the transfer of knowledge in the post-M&A integration process to be considered as a complex and multifaceted phenomenon gathering a number of successive and simultaneous tasks. Hinging on an adapted epistemic positioning, the methodology retained for our thesis combines an analysis of five case studies carried out in the French sectors of high technology (intra-case analysis) with a comparative approach (intra-case analysis). The findings of this research bring about a major contribution to the management of integration processes, while enabling the factors favoring knowledge transfer to be updated
Xiujuan, Wang. "Un modèle probabiliste de fleur de fertilité et facteurs influant sur la production de semences en colza d'hiver." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00612716.
Full textRatté, Dominique. ""Évaluation de la réponse du modèle CANBEIS (CANadian Biogenic Emissions Inventory System) aux modifications de certains facteurs environnementaux."." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq20947.pdf.
Full textTaibi, Feva. "Tentative de mise au point d'un modèle murin d'infection respiratoire à "Klebsiella pneumoniae" : rôle des facteurs de virulence." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P195.
Full textVirgili, Jessica. "Caractérisation d'un modèle murin transgénique de la maladie d'Alzheimer et de vieillissement accéléré." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29574.
Full textAging is central to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease, the most common form of dementia during the elderly. The incidence of sporadic AD is low before 65 years old; it then doubles every 5 to 6 years to surpass 8 cases per 100 personyears after 85. To model AD, numerous transgenic mice have been produced and characterized in the last decades. It was found that mice overexpressing mutated forms of the human amyloid-β (Aβ) precursor protein (hAPP) develop Aβ deposits in their brain, along with quantifiable memory deficits. Since the diagnosis of AD is dependent upon the histological visualization of both Aβ plaques and tau-laden neurofibrillary tangles, Dr LaFerla’s group (University of California, Irvine, USA) has developed the triple-transgenic model (3xTg-AD) expressing three mutant transgenes: Aβ precursor protein (APPSwe), presenilin-1 (PS1M146V), and tauP301L. This mouse line progressively develops both Aβ and tau pathologies in AD-relevant brain regions as well as deficits in synaptic plasticity and cognitive performance. However, the 3xTg-AD mouse does not develop frank neuronal loss as found in AD brain. A likely simple explanation is that, within the lifespan of a mouse, AD-relevant aging factors do not have the time to be fully expressed. To that aim, we crossed senescence-accelerated prone 8 mice (SAMP8) with 3xTgAD mice to produce senescence-accelerated 3xTg-AD mice with the hope to generate a model closer to the human disease. Our results indicate that senescence acceleration amplifies memory deficits and several AD-related neuropathological features -particularly the amyloid pathology- in female 3xTg-AD mice. Overall, the present data suggest that the SAMP8/3xTg-AD mouse is a valuable model combining aging factors and AD neuropathology, but also evidence complex interactions between genetic backgrounds, aging- and sex-related factors.
Hanna, Hanen. "Plans d'expérience pour mélanges à deux niveaux et facteurs externes." Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00564885.
Full textBlanchet, Fabienne. "Neuropathies périphériques, modèle expérimental de neuropathie à l'acrylamide : application pharmacologique." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P208.
Full textRobin, Tiphaine. "Engagement comportemental et personnalité : etudes de l'influence modulatrice des cinq facteurs sur les effets de l'engagement dans le contexte des changements liés à l'alimentation." Nantes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NANT3031.
Full textThis thesis intends to evaluate the influence exerted by the five personality dimensions of the five factors model (McCrae et Costa, 1985; 1987) on the attitudinal and behavioral consequences of a behavioral commitment, in the context of student nutrition. A first study has been conducted with 167 students with a view to evaluate the efficacy of a commitment procedure, and notably by the public pattern of this technique, as a function of these five dimensions. This study highlight a weak and limited impact of the five dimensions of personality on the studied changes: notably, it appears that extraversion influences the efficacy of private commitment to induce attitudinal changes in the long term. The second and third studies have been conducted with a population of 186 and 268 students, with a view to put to the test the influence exerted by extraversion in relation to the effects of public commitment procedure. If the second study fails to highlight such an influence, it emerges from the third study that the modulation exerted by extraversion is only found on a behavioral dimension annex to the eating changes. These three studies reveal besides that behavioral commitment fails to induce eating and attitudinal changes upper to those aroused by a non-commitment procedure. These results are discussed from the angle of the difficulty of the eating change and of the possible moderation, due to this difficulty, of the effects exerted by personality on the commitment efficiency
Le, Marc Yvan. "Développement d'un modèle modulaire décrivant l'effet des interactions entre les facteurs environnementaux sur les aptitudes de croissance de Listeria." Brest, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BRES2008.
Full textListeria monocytogenes has been recognised as a foodborne pathogen responsible for episodic cases of food infections. Modelling and simulation of the bacterial growth is a key point in risk analysis in food microbiology. The aim of this study was to improve the ability of growth models to describe the behaviour of Listeria at the growth limits. The combined effects of temperature, pH and organic acids (lactic, acetic and propionic acids) on the growth kinetics of some Listeria strains were studied. First, a multiplicative model was built assuming independent effects of all environmental factors. Then, the model was expanded by the inclusion of a novel term describing the effects of interactions at the growth limits. The interaction model was tested in growth media or in food products under constant and variable conditions (temperature, pH, concentration of organic acid). The proposed approach allows an accurate description of the boundary
Tran, Nhat-Thang. "La citrulline, un nouvel agent en thérapeutique pour le retard de croissance intra-utérin (RCIU) ? : impact sur le placenta, la croissance fœtale et questions ouvertes sur la supplémentation néo-natale dans un modèle animal de RCIU." Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT1011/document.
Full textIntra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) remains a common pregnancy-related complication resulting not only in a significant neonatal mortality, but in an increased risk of chronic cardio-metabolic diseases in adulthood as well. This condition represents a serious burden to public health across the world due to lack of a curative treatment except early cessation of gestation with induced prematurity. Developing alternative strategies aimed towards targeted therapy would thus be highly desirable. In recent studies, we showed that citrulline supplementation during gestation in rats under severe dietary protein restriction enhanced fetal growth and protein synthesis. The objective of this work was to further investigate the mechanisms mediating the effect of citrulline during the perinatal period, i.e. gestation and nursing in the same model. In the first part, we confirmed that citrulline improved fetal growth, and further demonstrated that citrulline activated placental genes coding for growth factors, angiogenesis and amino acid transporters early from mid-gestation, resulting in improved fetal weight. However, in the second part of the current work, we failed to observe any beneficial effect of neonatal citrulline supplementation neither on growth, nor on the prevention of alterations of glucose and lipid metabolism in IUGR rats that were later exposed to an unbalanced, fructose-enriched diet. Therefore, further explorations are needed for a better mechanistic understanding before postnatal citrulline supplementation can be considered in translational trials. Otherwise, the results obtained in the gestational period in this work suggest clinical trails should be envisioned for prenatal citrulline supplementation in targeted populations of patients
Corriveau, Marie-Pier. "Sclérodermie : nouvelle hypothèse pathophysiologique grâce à l'utilisation d'un modèle de derme reconstruit par génie tissulaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26166/26166.pdf.
Full textMohsen-Kanson, Tala. "Cellules souches induites à la pluripotence : modèle d'étude des étapes précoces du développement adipocytaire humain." Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE4023.
Full textThe terminal steps of adipocyte differentiation are well established ; however the earliest steps controlling brown and white adipogenic lineage specification remain unknown in humans. We have investigated the human induced Pluripotent Stem cells (hips) as a model to study the early steps of brown and white adipogenesis. We will present the generation of hips cells from human multipotent adipose derived stem cells (hMADS). We have also used iPS cells reprogrammed from human neural stem cells generated using the PiggyBac technology. We provide an efficient protocol to differentiate iPS-hMADS and iPS-hNSC cells into adipocytes. Interestingly, our data show that hips cells are able to differentiate both into white and brown adipocytes. We show that Retinoic Acid (RA) pathway activation at an early phase of hips development dramatically enhanced generation of white adipocytes and inhibited generation of Brown adipocytes. In contrast, the use of SB431542, a selective inhibitor of TGFβ/Activin pathway, indicated that this pathway was required for the generation of brown adipocytes. Altogether, these data support a model in which brown and white adipocytes progenitors diverge early during human embryonic development. RA and TGFβ/Activin pathways regulate the generation of white APs and brown APs respectively