Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modèle autorégressive'
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DELLAGI, WASSIMA. "Estimation empirique de la partie autorégressive d'un modèle Arma vectoriel." Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA112179.
Full textEbeido, Kebieh Amira. "Test d'hypothèses et modèles aléatoires autorégressifs." Paris 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA020091.
Full textJeantheau, Thierry. "Modèles autorégressifs à erreur conditionnellement hétéroscédastique." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA077169.
Full textLim, Néhémy. "Estimation de modèles autorégressifs vectoriels à noyaux à valeur opérateur : Application à l'inférence de réseaux." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EVRY0007/document.
Full textIn multivariate time series analysis, existing models are often used for forecasting, i.e. estimating future values of the observed system based on previously observed values. Another purpose is to find causal relationships among a set of state variables within a dynamical system. We focus on the latter and develop tools in order to address this problem. In this thesis, we define a new family of nonparametric vector autoregressive models based on operator-valued kernels. Assuming a sparse underlying structure, we control the model’s sparsity by defining a loss function that includes sparsity-inducing penalties on the model parameters (which are basis vectors within a linear combination of kernels). The selected kernels sometimes involve hyperparameters that may need to be learned depending on the nature of the problem. On the one hand, when expert knowledge or working assumptions allow presetting the parameters of the kernel, the learning problem boils down to estimating only the model parameters. To optimize the corresponding loss function, we develop a proximal algorithm. On the other hand, when no prior knowledge is available, some other kernels may exhibit unknown parameters. Consequently, this leads to the joint learning of the kernel parameters in addition to the model parameters. We thus resort to an alternate optimization scheme which involves proximal methods. Subsequently, we propose to build an estimate of the adjacency matrix coding for the underlying causal network by computing a function of the instantaneous Jacobian matrices. In a high-dimensional setting, i.e. insufficient amount of data compared to the number of variables, we design an ensemble methodology that shares features of boosting and random forests. In order to emphasize the performance of the developed models, we apply them on two tracks : simulated data from gene regulatory networks and real climate data
Arkoun, Ouerdia. "Estimation non paramétrique pour les modèles autorégressifs." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00464024.
Full textZakoian, Jean-Michel. "Modèles autorégressifs à seuil de séries chronologiques." Paris 9, 1990. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1990PA090014.
Full textChakar, Souhil. "Segmentation de processus avec un bruit autorégressif." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112196/document.
Full textWe propose to study the methodology of autoregressive processes segmentation under both its theoretical and practical aspects. “Segmentation” means here inferring multiple change-points corresponding to mean shifts. We consider autoregression parameters as nuisance parameters, whose estimation is considered only for improving the segmentation.From a theoretical point of view, we aim to keep some asymptotic properties of change-points and other parameters estimators. From a practical point of view, we have to take into account the algorithmic constraints to get the optimal segmentation. To meet these requirements, we propose a method based on robust estimation techniques, which allows a preliminary estimation of the autoregression parameters and then the decorrelation of the process. The aim is to get our problem closer to the segmentation in the case of independent observations. This method allows us to use efficient algorithms. It is based on asymptotic results that we proved. It allows us to propose adapted and well-founded number of changes selection criteria. A simulation study illustrates the method
Tong, Dinh Quy. "Méthodes d'estimation de paramètres de modèles autorégressifs multivariés." Grenoble 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE10141.
Full textPedroso, Meloni Luis Geraldo. "Compression spectrale du signal vocal par modification du modèle autorégressif." Nancy 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NAN10275.
Full textKachour, Maher. "Une nouvelle classe de modèles autorégressifs à valeurs entières." Rennes 1, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00442146.
Full textIn many practical situations we deal with integer-valued time series. The analysis of such a time series present some difficulties, namely where the analysis is based on some stochastic models. These models must reflect the integer peculiarity of the observed series. Many attempts have been made to define some models which can be used to describe integer-valued time series. Most of the proposed models are based on the thinning operator and they have the same properties as the real-valued models well-known in the literature. The aim of this thesis is to study the integer-valued autoregressive models. We introduce a new class of models based on the rounding operator. Compared to the existent models, the new class has several advantages : simple innovation structure, autoregressive coefficients with arbitrary signs, possible negative values for time series and for the autocorrelation function. We study the stationarity of the models and the strong consistency of the least squares estimator proposed to estimate the parameters. We analyze some well-known time series with the introduced models
Raïssi, Hamdi. "Contribution à l'inférence statistique des modèles vectoriels autorégressifs et à correction d'erreurs." Lille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL30039.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is to study the vector autoregressive models in the framework of uncorrelated but nonindependent errors. More precisely, by considering the behaviour of statistical tools and problems of estimation, we studied the validity in our framework of results which are available under the assumption of Gaussian iid innovations. We show that the asymptotic behaviour of the short run parameters and that of the residual autocorrelations are different from the standard case. Thus modified portmanteau tests whose asymptotic distribution is a sum of weighted chi-squares variables are proposed. We give an algorithm for the implementation of these tests. We study the behaviour of the estimator of the long run parameters and that of the likehood ratio test for the cointegrating rank. We find that the standard results for the long run relationships extend to our framework. We also show that the asymptotic behaviour of the estimators of the adjustment parameters are different from the iid gaussian case. We give theoretical examples which motivate our approach. The finite sample properties are studied by means of Monte Carlo experiments
Khalil, Richard. "Expériences Monte Carlo dans les modèles d'hétéroscédasticité conditionnelle autorégressive, approche paramétrique et semi-paramétrique." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ61350.pdf.
Full textElmi, Mohamed Abdillahi. "Détection des changements de points multiples et inférence du modèle autorégressif à seuil." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCD005/document.
Full textThis thesis has two parts: the first part deals the change points problem and the second concerns the weak threshold autoregressive model (TAR); the errors are not correlated.In the first part, we treat the change point analysis. In the litterature, it exists two popular methods: The Penalized Least Square (PLS) and the Filtered Derivative introduced by Basseville end Nikirov.We give a new method of filtered derivative and false discovery rate (FDqV) on real data (the wind turbines and heartbeats series). Also, we studied an extension of FDqV method on weakly dependent random variables.In the second part, we spotlight the weak threshold autoregressive (TAR) model. The TAR model is studied by many authors such that Tong(1983), Petrucelli(1984, 1986). there exist many applications, for example in economics, biological and many others. The weak TAR model treated is the case where the innovations are not correlated
Khouas, Leila. "Visualisation de champs de vecteurs 2D et 3D par modélisation autorégressive bidimensionnelle d'une texture de type fourrure." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0081.
Full textIn many areas such as fluid dynamics or medical imaging, the analysis of studied phenomena produces complex data that consists in large vector fields. The vectors represent some characteristic of each point on the field such as: a fluid vorticity, a wind velocity or a motion speed. The visualization of vector fields is not straightforward because they have no natural representation. In this work, we propose to build a new representation of vector fields based on furlike texture. We assume that such a texture provides a natural and intuitive representation of a dense vector field. Our approach consists in the development of a texture model that allows 2D synthesis of furlike texture having a 3D aspect. The model is based on the modeling of the texture autocorrelation function (ACF) and a two dimensional Auto Regressive synthesis (2D AR). This provides a simple and efficient 2D generator of furlike texture with a local control of the main attributes of the texture (orientation and length of filaments). We have experimented the use of this texture model to represent vector fields. We use orientation, length and color attributes of our furlike texture to visualize local orientation and magnitude of a 2D vector field. Results are presented using simulated data and cardiac imaging data. We also show how to visualize 3D vector fields defined over 3D surfaces by a simple and appropriate texture mapping procedure. We have applied this technique for special vector fields that simulate fur appearance on 3D objects. This produces images with quite realistic aspect
Wu, Li. "Analyse et reconnaissance de la parole par modèles rétro-autorégressifs et réseaux neuronaux." Nancy 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NAN10506.
Full textAilliot, Pierre. "Modèles autorégressifs à changements de régimes markoviens. Applications aux séries temporelles de vent." Rennes 1, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007602.
Full textNgatchou, Wandji Joseph. "Etude de tests paramétriques et non-paramétriques asymptotiquement puissants pour les modèles autorégressifs bilinéaires." Paris 13, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA132009.
Full textFlorin, Charles. "Segmentation à partir de modèles probabilistes spatio-temporels à information clairsemée : contributions et applications." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENPC0707.
Full textAilliot, Pierre. "Modèles autorégressifs à changements de régimes markoviens. Applications aux séries tempo-relles de vent." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007602.
Full textClaude, Isabelle. "Caractérisation et segmentation de textures sur la base de modèles autorégressifs à support spatial adapté." Troyes, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TROY0001.
Full textEzzahar, Abdessamad. "Estimation et détection d'un signal contaminé par un bruit autorégressif." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1991. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00339831.
Full textDiab, M. O. "Classification des signaux EMG utérins afin de détecter les accouchements prématurés." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00410409.
Full textDans la suite des travaux réalisés pour la détection, le traitement et la classification des événements dans le signal EMG Utérin, notre travail s'est orienté vers la classification des contractions à partir des signaux EMG utérins, afin de séparer les deux types d'accouchement : accouchement prématuré et accouchement à terme.
Les contractions utérines ont été manuellement segmentées à partir du signal EMG utérin. Puis chaque contraction est modélisée et des paramètres sont extraits avant de faire la classification. Cette modélisation est faite par ondelettes et par analyse de la densité spectrale de puissance de chaque contraction.
La classification est ensuite réalisée en utilisant 2 types de méthodes : tout d'abord une classification non supervisée, qui regroupe les contractions sans connaissance a priori des classes, permettant ensuite une interprétation des groupes en fonction des semaines d'aménorrhées et du terme d'accouchement. Dans ce contexte nous avons développé une méthode originale de classification non supervisée basée sur le test de Fisher combiné avec la méthode de k-moyenne (USCM, Unsupervised Statistical Classification Method).
L'autre type de classification est supervisée. Après avoir sélectionné d'une façon précise les femmes qui peuvent être utilisées pour l'apprentissage de notre méthode de classification, nous avons utilisé différentes méthodes supervisées de classification. Tout d'abord, nous avons testé des méthodes classiques (Réseaux de neurones, Parzen,...). Puis une méthode originale basée sur le réseau d'ondelettes a été développée pour cette classification, cette méthode ayant été précédemment utilisée pour la régression mais jamais pour la classification.
Nous avons été confrontés à un problème lié au faible nombre de d'éléments pour l'apprentissage. Nous avons donc aussi utilisé une méthode basée sur la modélisation autorégressive pour augmenter l'ensemble d'apprentissage.
En ce qui concerne les applications, et pour la séparation entre les signaux d'EMG (application clinique), nous avons utilisé deux approches. Dans la première approche, nous avons utilisé des contractions ayant le même nombre de SAR (Semaines d'Aménorrhée à l'Enregistrement) mais des SAA (semaines d'Aménorrhée à l'accouchement) différent (petite différence et grande différence). La deuxième approche est de classifier les événements acquis avec différentes (SAR) pour des femmes ayant le même SAA.
D'après les résultats obtenus, nous avons pu conclure que nous pouvons distinguer le terme d'accouchement des femmes enregistrés aux mêmes termes de grossesse. Et nous avons pu également conclure que les contractions changent de caractéristiques en fonction du terme de grossesse. D'un point de vue clinique, le résultat important est que, pour un terme de grossesse donné à l'enregistrement, il est possible de distinguer une contraction normale et une contraction conduisant à un accouchement prématuré.
Rabemananjara, Théophile. "Modèles vectoriels autorégressifs (V. A. R. ) et modélisation des systèmes dynamiques : application à l'étude de la bouche prix-salaires." Paris, EHESS, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989EHES0018.
Full textA vector autoregressive (v. A. R. ) model is considered as a general framework in which the interactions between the variables of a dynamic system can be analysed. We first use tests and measures of granger's causality between two variables and we propose extensions of this notion to the case of a system containing more than two variables and testing procedures of these new notions. Then we considere a v. A. R. As a framework in which the asumptions contained in a structural model can be tested: predeterminedness and exogeneity of a subset of variables, weak and strong over identification. A testing procedure based on asymptotic least squares is proposed. We also adopt a bayesian approach in order to take into account some empirical informations about the parameters of a v. A. R. Model and we use kalman filter to estimate the model. The testing and estimating procedures proposed are applied to the analysis of the wage price spiral in france and we compare the forecasting accuracy of the various models we estimate
Mhidra, Hamid. "Moments discrets 2-D et modeles autorégressifs : application à la modélisation et à la reconnaissance des textures." Poitiers, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991POIT2404.
Full textEl, Husseini Ali. "Estimation de canal radio à évanouissement plat par filtre de Kalman à modèle autorégressif : application aux canaux véhiculaires et à relais mobiles." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I008/document.
Full textChannel estimation is a crucial task of the radio receiver in wireless communication systems, especially in the case of mobility where the channel parameters vary over time due to the Doppler effect. In this thesis, we consider slow to moderate channel variations, typical of vehicular applications, and in particular the following two types of channels: fixed-mobile (F-M) channels and mobile-mobile (M-M) channels, with in the latter case the possible presence of mobile relays (Amplify and Forward). We started our study with the F-M channel, which will serve as a basis for investigating the M-M channel.For the case of an F-M channel, modeled by Rayleigh model described by the Jakes spectrum, a common approach to estimating the channel is to use a Kalman filter (KF) based on an autoregressive model of order p (AR(p)). The conventional method for setting AR(p) model parameters is based on the correlation matching criterion (CM). However, the major disadvantage of this method is that very high orders p>15) are needed to approach the Bayesian Cramer-Rao Bound. The choice of p as well as the adjustment of the parameters of the model are therefore critical and a compromise must be found between the numerical complexity and the performance. The reasonable compromise that has attracted a lot of attention is to take p = 2. Since the CM is not efficient for p = 2, other methods of tuning have been proposed in the literature, but these are mainly based on experimental results or exhaustive searches, which limits their application.To adjust the model, we propose to use a criterion of minimization of the asymptotic variance (MAV) of the estimation error at the output of the Kalman filter. A general tuning formula has been derived based on the state of the channel (Doppler frequency and signal-to-noise ratio), which can be very useful in practice. In addition, we also derived an analytic formula for the mean squared error, which allows a better understanding of KF behavior.Then we treated the M-M channel with the possible presence of mobile relays, following the same approach. The analytical expressions for the optimal adjustment of the AR(2) model parameters and the mean squared error performance were first set according to the second and fourth moments of the Doppler spectrum of the global channel. The analytical formulas of these moments were derived by exploiting the convolution property of the density functions, after decomposing the cascading global channel channel of Jakes spectrum elementary channels. With these approaches, the results of simulations for the different channels show a considerable gain in terms of mean squared error performance estimation, compared to the literature
Florin, Charles-Henri. "Segmentation à partir de modèles probabilistes spatiotemporels à information clairsemées - Contributions et applications." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002995.
Full textMalgras, Jacques. "Applications, à des données de la biologie des populations et de l'écologie, de méthodes d'analyse des séries temporelles." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10240.
Full textDiab, Mohamad. "Classification des signaux EMG utérins afin de détecter les accouchements prématurés." Compiègne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007COMP1726.
Full textPremature birth remains the main cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. Uterine EMG signal seems a potential vector for the indication of the risk of premature birth. In the continuation of the work completed for detection, the treatment and the classification of the events in Uterine EMG signal, our work was dedicated to the classification of the EMG contractions, in order to part the two types of labor: premature deliveries and deliveries at term. The uterine contractions were manually segmented from the uterine EMG signals. Then each contraction is modeled and the parameters are extracted before making the classification. This modeling is made by wavelet and the analysis of the power spectral density of each contraction. Classification is then carried out by using 2 types of methods: first a non-supervised classification method, which is used to group the contractions with no a priori knowledge of the classes, and then permits to make an interpretation of the groups according to the weeks of gestation and term of delivery. In this context we have developed an original method of non supervised classification based on the Fisher test combined with the K-mean method (USCM, Unsupervised Statistical Classification Method). The other type of used classification is supervised. After having selected in a precise way the women who can be used for the training of our method of classification, we used various supervised methods of classification. First, we used traditional methods (neural Networks, Parzen. . . ). Then an original method based on the Wavelet network has been developed for this classification. This method had been previously used for the regression but never for classification. We were faced with the low number of the set of training. We thus also developped a method based on autoregressive model (AR Model) to increase the training set. Concerning the applications, and for separation between the EMG signals (clinical application), we used two approaches. In the first approach, we used contractions having the same RWG (Registration Week of Gestation) but different BWG (Birth Week of Gestation), by testing small and large differences. The second approach is to classify the events acquired with different RWG for women having the same BWG. According to the results obtained, we can conclude that we can distinguish different delivery terms from recordings obtained from women having the same term of pregnancy. We can also conclude that the contractions change their characteristics according to the term of pregnancy. In a clinical point of view, the important result is that we could distinguish, for a given recording term, normal contraction to contractions leading to the premature delivery
ILLIG, Aude. "Etude asymptotique de certains estimateurs dans des modèles ARMA spatiaux." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007866.
Full textdont les innovations sont supposées être indépendantes et identiquement distribuées ou plus généralement vérifier une propriété de martingales fortes. Après une revue des théorèmes limites pour des martingales spatiales sur un réseau, nous démontrons d'abord un théorème de la limite centrale et un principe d'invariance sous la condition de Lindeberg conditionnelle pour des tableaux de martingales fortes. Afin de mieux situer notre étude des champs ARMA quadrantaux, nous rappelons divers résultats conçernant l'estimation et l'identification dans d'autres modèles ARMA spatiaux. Puis, dans le but de sélectionner les ordres et d'estimer les paramètres autorégressifs de modèles ARMA spatiaux quadrantaux, nous introduisons un nouvel estimateur obtenu à partir des équations de Yule-Walker généralisées. Nous démontrons sa consistance et sa normalité asymptotique. Enfin, pour un certain nombre de modèles ARMA spatiaux, nous illustrons leurs comportements par des représentations graphiques et nous
présentons une étude de procédures pour les identifier à partir de nombreuses simulations.
El, Haffar Moustafa. "Contribution à l'étude de couplages électromagnétiques sur des systèmes en Chambre Réverbérante à Brassage de Modes." Limoges, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIMO4019.
Full textDuring last years, the steering mode reverberating chambers have been more and more used in the field of electromagnetic compatibility. The use of these chambers is consequently employed for the certification in the domains of application which are the aircrafts and the car thanks to the definition of civil and military norms. Work presented in this thesis dedicated to an experimental and theoretical study of the reververation chamber of the XLIM laboratory. The first part of this thesis introduces the calibration of the room of XLIM by civil norm 61000-4-21 and military norm DO-160. The second part is dedicated to a modeling of the room by numerical method FDTD. The third part introduces the different experimental applications accomplished in the CRBM of XLIM as the test in immunity (sensor of rain), the test in emission mode (laptop computer) and the shielding effectiveness measurement of metallic boxes. Finally, in the las part, an analysis of the effectiveness of the mode steerer in the low and in high frequency ranges is performed
El, Matouat Abdelaziz. "Sélection du nombre de paramètres d'un modèle comparaison avec le critère d'Akaike." Rouen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ROUES054.
Full textIllig, Aude. "Etude asymptotique de certains estimateurs pour des modèles ARMA spatiaux." Toulouse, INSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ISAT0027.
Full textWe study the asymptotic behaviour of some statistics for spatial quadrantal ARMA models with independent and identically distributed innovations or more generally strong martingales innovations. After giving a review of limit theorems for lattice martingales, we establish a central limit theorem and an invariance principle under the conditional Lindeberg condition for strong latticemartingales. For a better understanding of our study on quadrantal ARMA random fields, we recall various results on estimation and identification for others spatial ARMA models. Then, in order to select orders and estimate autoregressive coefficients in spatial quadrantal ARMA models, we introduce a new estimator based on a derivation of extended Yule-Walker equations and prove that it is consistent and asymptotically normal. Finally, we illustrate with graphic representations the behaviour of several spatial ARMA models and present a study of procedures for their identification
Úriz-Jáuregui, Fermín. "Mise en place d'une méthodologie pour l'identification de modèles d'extrapolation de température : application aux équipements de nacelles de turboréacteurs." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0381/document.
Full textAirbus must ensure that for all flight conditions that a given aircraft could face, the temperature of each powerplant system must be less than the corresponding critical temperature. In order to validate the temperature of each device in the flight envelope, tests at the border should be done. Airbus produces for each aircraft component many trials, either in flight or ground. However, all flight tests are faced with climatic and operational constraints which do not permit exploring the whole area. That's why Airbus needs to develop methods of extrapolation of temperature in order to predict the thermal behavior of materials and equipments in the worst conditions. The proposed techniques are based on the system identification theory which consists on heuristically determining an analytical model using physical insights and measurements. More precisely, this paper validates ARX models as a tool for the identification of the system's temperature. The models and techniques are studied, first, from a numerical simulation point of view and second, based on laboratory representative tests. The proposed techniques allow predicting the temperature of aircraft components at different conditions
Petitjean, Julien. "Contributions au traitement spatio-temporel fondé sur un modèle autorégressif vectoriel des interférences pour améliorer la détection de petites cibles lentes dans un environnement de fouillis hétérogène Gaussien et non Gaussien." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14157/document.
Full textThis dissertation deals with space-time adaptive processing in the radar’s field. To improve the detection’s performances, this approach consists in maximizing the ratio between the target’s power and the interference’s one, i.e. the thermal noise and the clutter. Several variants of its algorithm exist, one of them is based on multichannel autoregressive modelling of interferences. Its main problem lies in the estimation of autoregressive matrices with training data and guides our research’s work. Especially, our contribution is twofold.On the one hand, when thermal noise is considered negligible, autoregressive matrices are estimated with fixed point method. Thus, the algorithm is robust against non-gaussian clutter.On the other hand, a new modelling of interferences is proposed. The clutter and thermal noise are separated : the clutter is considered as a multichannel autoregressive process which is Gaussian and disturbed by the white thermal noise. Thus, new estimation’s algorithms are developed. The first one is a blind estimation based on errors in variable methods. Then, recursive approaches are proposed and used extension of Kalman filter : the extended Kalman filter and the Sigma Point Kalman filter (UKF and CDKF), and the H∞ filter. A comparative study on synthetic and real data with Gausian and non Gaussian clutter is carried out to show the relevance of the different algorithms about detection’s probability
Soltane, Marius. "Statistique asymptotique de certaines séries chronologiques à mémoire." Thesis, Le Mans, 2020. http://cyberdoc-int.univ-lemans.fr/Theses/2020/2020LEMA1027.pdf.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to asymptotic inferenre of differents chronological models driven by a noise with memory. In these models, the least squares estimator is not consistent and we consider other estimators. We begin by studying the almost-sureasymptotic properties of the maximum likelihood estimator of the autoregressive coefficient in an autoregressive process drivenby a stationary Gaussian noise. We then present a statistical procedure in order to detect a change of regime within this model,taking inspiration from the classic case driven by a strong white noise. Then we consider an autoregressive model where the coefficients are random and have a short memory. Here again, the least squares estimator is not consistent and we correct the previous statistic in order to correctly estimate the parameters of the model. Finally we study a new joint estimator of the Hurst exponent and the variance in a fractional Gaussian noise observed at high frequency whose qualities are comparable to the maximum likelihood estimator
Tatsa, Sylvestre. "Modélisation et prévision de la consommation horaire d'électricité au Québec : comparaison de méthodes de séries temporelles." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30329/30329.pdf.
Full textThis work explores the dynamics of residential electricity consumption in Quebec using hourly data from January 2006 to December 2010. We estimate three standard autoregressive models in time series analysis: the Holt-Winters exponential smoothing, the seasonal ARIMA model (SARIMA) and the seasonal ARIMA model with exogenous variables (SARIMAX). For the latter model, we focus on the effect of climate variables (temperature, relative humidity and dew point and cloud cover). Climatic factors have a significant impact on the short-term electricity consumption. The intra-sample and out-of-sample predictive performance of each model is evaluated with various adjustment indicators. Three out-of-sample time horizons are tested: 24 hours (one day), 72 hours (three days) and 168 hours (1 week). The SARIMA model provides the best out-of-sample predictive performance of 24 hours. The SARIMAX model reveals the most powerful out-of-sample time horizons of 72 and 168 hours. Additional research is needed to obtain predictive models fully satisfactory from a methodological point of view. Keywords: modeling, electricity, Holt-Winters, SARIMA, SARIMAX.
Bobillet, William. "Contribution à l'étude des modèles à erreurs dans les variables : application au traitement de la parole et à l'estimation de canaux de propagation." Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13391.
Full textScheer-Dorr, Christiane. "Méthodes paramétriques d'analyse du signal EEG : application à la détection, localisation et analyse spectrale de fuseaux de sommeil." Nancy 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN10238.
Full textToulemonde, Gwladys. "Estimation et tests en théorie des valeurs extrêmes." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00348589.
Full textLounis, Tewfik. "Inférences dans les modèles ARCH : tests localement asymptotiquement optimaux." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0222/document.
Full textThe purpose of this phD thesis is the construction of alocally asymptotically optimal tests. In this testing problem, the considered model contains a large class of time series models. LAN property was the fundamental tools in our research works. Our results are applied in financial area
Lemus, Antonio. "Les effets des chocs internes et externes sur une petite économie ouverte : le cas du Chili." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100141/document.
Full textThe economic globalization is probably the main feature of the 21st century world economy, with economic integration and interdependence of national economies across the world particularly common in commodity and financial markets. Such a context greatly affect all types of economies though those small, dependent on commodity exports, and open to global financial markets are usually the most exposed. Having in mind this scenario, in this Ph.D. dissertation we explore the effectiveness of the Chilean fiscal policy and the effects of commodity prices and foreign financial shocks, on the Chilean GDP and other macroeconomic fundamentals using an empirical approach based on alternative vector autoregressive models.To understand the effectiveness of the country’s fiscal policy aiming at guarantying macroeconomic stability, in the Chapter 1 of this Ph.D. dissertation we study the dynamic effects of fiscal policy on the Chilean macroeconomic fundamentals and the size of fiscal multipliers. Chapter 2 examines how shocks to commodity prices affect the Chilean economic output, fiscal accounts and private consumption, based on correlations analysis and vector autoregression models. In the Chapter 3 of this Ph.D. dissertation we study the effect of foreign financial shocks on the Chilean real economy
Vázquez, Guevara Víctor Hugo. "Asymptotical results for models ARX in adaptive tracking." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14032/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to asymptotical results for ARX models in adaptive tracking. It is divided into four parts. The first part is a short introduction on ARMAX models together with a state of the art on the main results in the literature on adaptive tracking. The second part deals with a new concept of strong controllability for ARX models in adaptive tracking. This new notion allows us to extend the previous convergence results. We prove the almost sure convergence for both least squares and weighted least squares algorithms. We also establish a central limit theorem and a law of iterated logarithm for these two algorithms. The third part is dedicated to ARX models that are not strongly controllable. Thanks to a persistently excited adaptive tracking control, we show that it is possible to get rid of the strong controllability assumption. The fourth part deals with the asymptotic behaviour of the Durbin-Watson statistic for ARX models in adaptive tracking via a martingale approach
Auber, Romain. "Contribution à la reconnaissance d'activités à partir d'un objet connecté." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC242.
Full textThis manuscript deals with the recognition of activities from accelerometric data. The device used to collect the accelerometer data is eTact, a device developed by Bodycap. Several solutions are proposed to optimize the autonomy of the connected object. These solutions are implemented and compared on different data sets. The originality of one of these solutions is to binarize the data of the accelerometer before transferring them to an external platform where they are analyzed. The use of binary data induces the loss of a lot of information, however it is shown in this manuscript that it is possible to estimate, among other things, the parameters of an Auto Regressive model of a time series from the binary information on this series. In this respect, an identification algorithm is proposed and analyzed
Bonilla, Bolanos Andrea. "A step further in the theory of regional economic integration : a look at the Unasur's integration strategy." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO22009.
Full textEconomic integration seems to be a new global trend. The past two decades have witnessed the formation of several economic unions in Asia (ASEAN+3 in 1997), Europe (Eurozone in 1999), Africa, and America (Union of South American Nations, Unasur in 2008). The South American case deserves special attention because, unlike the other blocs, the Unasur emerged as a political alliance and not as an economic one. Furthermore, Unasur is conceived as a strategy for improving the socioeconomic conditions of nations that have a common history of economic instability and external dependence. However, while common concerns and political willingness exist among group members, the question of whether that consensus is sufficient to ensure economic integration remains unanswered. For instance, economic integration as a strategy for macroeconomic stability has seemed to work well in Europe after the euro was launched in 1999 (Sapir, 2011), until the breakdown of the European sovereign debt crisis in recent years has revealed the inherent weaknesses of an economic union that lacks a political union (Fligstein et al., 2012, Issing, 2011). This development suggests that the Unasur project is likely to fail if the concerned economies do not converge economically. This is the reason why, this thesis assesses the Unasur project from an economic integration perspective, thus, complementing the huge body of political literature that has been developed on the issue (Briceño-Ruiz, 2014, Sanahuja, 2012). The first chapter describes the theory of economic integration' state of art focusing on South America. The second chapter examines the reactions of the Unasur economies to external shocks. By using a structural vector autoregression approach, it measures the impact of three external shocks (monetary, commercial, and financial) in the real, monetary, and fiscal economic sectors of Unasur economies and investigates co-movement paths. The results show (i) a non-negligible degree of synchronization across the studied economies, confirming their high external vulnerability, (ii) irrespective of size or integration degree, all Unasur members share mutual weaknesses, which they must fight to overcome. The third chapter evaluates the convergence in real GDP per-capita, as a suitable proxy measure, of the concerned economies for the period 1951-2011. By relying on cointegration techniques and applying Bernard and Durlauf's (1995) stochastic definitions of convergence and common trends, the presented evidence supports the existence of common long-run trends driving output in South America, meaning that the region is involved in a dynamic process of convergence in living standards. Finally, the fourth chapter studies the economic spillovers of the most advanced structural project of the group: the Initiative for the Integration of Regional Infrastructure in South America (IIRSA). A micro-founded two-country general equilibrium model is constructed to evaluate potential gains or losses (in terms of output convergence and trade integration) of raising publicly provided transportation infrastructure in a coordinated and uncoordinated manner. The model is solved using data from Argentina and Brazil. Results show that: (i) rising public investment in infrastructure boost commercial integration but not necessarily generates output converge, (ii) the only way for the Argentina and Brazil to achieve output convergence is to coordinate their increments on public infrastructure as proposed by the IIRSA
Fathallah, Hamdi. "Théorèmes limites pour des martingales vectorielles en temps continu et applications statistiques." Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00586949.
Full textKhereddine, R. "Méthode adaptative de contrôle logique et de test de circuits AMS/RF." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00656920.
Full textBitseki, Penda Siméon Valère. "Inégalités de déviations, principe de déviations modérées et théorèmes limites pour des processus indexés par un arbre binaire et pour des modèles markoviens." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00822136.
Full textCaron, Nathalie. "Approches alternatives d'une théorie non informative des tests bayésiens." Rouen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ROUES028.
Full textOlivier, Adelaïde. "Analyse statistique des modèles de croissance-fragmentation." Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090047/document.
Full textThis work is concerned with growth-fragmentation models, implemented for investigating the growth of a population of cells which divide according to an unknown splitting rate, depending on a structuring variable – age and size being the two paradigmatic examples. The mathematical framework includes statistics of processes, nonparametric estimations and analysis of partial differential equations. The three objectives of this work are the following : get a nonparametric estimate of the division rate (as a function of age or size) for different observation schemes (genealogical or continuous) ; to study the transmission of a biological feature from one cell to an other and study the feature of one typical cell ; to compare different populations of cells through their Malthus parameter, which governs the global growth (when introducing variability in the growth rate among cells for instance)
Esstafa, Youssef. "Modèles de séries temporelles à mémoire longue avec innovations dépendantes." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCD021.
Full textWe first consider, in this thesis, the problem of statistical analysis of FARIMA (Fractionally AutoRegressive Integrated Moving-Average) models endowed with uncorrelated but non-independent error terms. These models are called weak FARIMA and can be used to fit long-memory processes with general nonlinear dynamics. Relaxing the independence assumption on the noise, which is a standard assumption usually imposed in the literature, allows weak FARIMA models to cover a large class of nonlinear long-memory processes. The weak FARIMA models are dense in the set of purely non-deterministic stationary processes, the class of these models encompasses that of FARIMA processes with an independent and identically distributed noise (iid). We call thereafter strong FARIMA models the models in which the error term is assumed to be an iid innovations.We establish procedures for estimating and validating weak FARIMA models. We show, under weak assumptions on the noise, that the least squares estimator of the parameters of weak FARIMA(p,d,q) models is strongly consistent and asymptotically normal. The asymptotic variance matrix of the least squares estimator of weak FARIMA(p,d,q) models has the "sandwich" form. This matrix can be very different from the asymptotic variance obtained in the strong case (i.e. in the case where the noise is assumed to be iid). We propose, by two different methods, a convergent estimator of this matrix. An alternative method based on a self-normalization approach is also proposed to construct confidence intervals for the parameters of weak FARIMA(p,d,q) models.We then pay particular attention to the problem of validation of weak FARIMA(p,d,q) models. We show that the residual autocorrelations have a normal asymptotic distribution with a covariance matrix different from that one obtained in the strong FARIMA case. This allows us to deduce the exact asymptotic distribution of portmanteau statistics and thus to propose modified versions of portmanteau tests. It is well known that the asymptotic distribution of portmanteau tests is correctly approximated by a chi-squared distribution when the error term is assumed to be iid. In the general case, we show that this asymptotic distribution is a mixture of chi-squared distributions. It can be very different from the usual chi-squared approximation of the strong case. We adopt the same self-normalization approach used for constructing the confidence intervals of weak FARIMA model parameters to test the adequacy of weak FARIMA(p,d,q) models. This method has the advantage of avoiding the problem of estimating the asymptotic variance matrix of the joint vector of the least squares estimator and the empirical autocovariances of the noise.Secondly, we deal in this thesis with the problem of estimating autoregressive models of order 1 endowed with fractional Gaussian noise when the Hurst parameter H is assumed to be known. We study, more precisely, the convergence and the asymptotic normality of the generalized least squares estimator of the autoregressive parameter of these models