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1

Šrámek, Ondřej. "Modèle d’écoulement biphasé en sciences de la Terre : fusion partielle, compaction et différenciation." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENSL0444.

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2

Bévillon, Damien. "Couplage d'un modèle de gisement et d'un modèle mécanique : application à l'étude de la compaction des réservoirs pétroliers et de la subsidence associée." Lille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIL10157.

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L'etude presentee dans ce travail a pour objectif d'apporter une amelioration de la description de la contribution de la roche aux ecoulements fluides dans les modelisations des reservoirs petroliers. La production d'hydrocarbure dans les reservoirs homogenes tres compactables induit un effondrement de la structure poreuse de la roche reservoir, qui fait de la deformation de la roche un mecanisme important de recuperation. Cette compaction provoque des effets indesirables comme des phenomenes de subsidence ou d'endommagement d'equipement de puits. L'analyse de la compaction et de la subsidence peut-etre effectuee grace a deux approches : l'approche reservoir et l'approche poromecanique. Le modele poromecanique offre un cadre mecanique rigoureux, mais ne permet pas une description complete de l'ecoulement. Le modele de reservoir donne une bonne description des phases fluides, mais la description de la mecanique est simplifiee. Pour satisfaire l'ensemble des equations (equilibre mecanique et equation de diffusivite), les deux modeles sont utilises sequentiellement. Chacun des modeles resout son propre systeme independamment, et l'information est transmise dans les deux modeles. Cette technique est appelee couplage partiel. A l'aide de simulations reservoir et hydromecanique, nous montrons que l'approche reservoir n'est pas rigoureuse pour representer l'evolution de la deformation de roches tres poreuses. Puis, nous mettons en place un schema de couplage partiel consistant et inconditionnellement stable, qui permet de decrire correctement la poromecanique dans les modeles de reservoir.
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3

Divies, Renaud. "FOLDIS : un modèle cinématique de bassins sédimentaires par éléments discrets associant plis, failles, érosion/sédimentation et compaction." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00744407.

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L'objet de la thèse est de mettre au point un prototype de modèle 2D capable de simuler l'évolution géométrique d'une coupe de bassin affectée par le jeu de failles. Une modélisation mécanique de la déformation tectonique, fondée sur le principe des calculs de structure, n'est pas poursuivie car cette approche est trop complexe pour être appliquée au domaine des bassins sédimentaires. Au contraire, le modèle cinématique développé, FOLDIS, repose sur des hypothèses simplificatrices de nature purement géométrique qui déterminent entièrement le mode de déformation envisagé. Jusqu'à présent, les modèles cinématiques de bassin, tels que THRUSTPACK, destinés à modéliser la déformation tectonique complexe des bassins d'avant-chaînes de montagne n'incluent pas la prise en compte des effets géométriques de la compaction mécanique par diminution de porosité. D'autres types de modèles de bassin, comme TEMIS, destinés à modéliser les écoulements, la compaction associée ainsi que l'évolution physico-chimique de la matière organique et des fluides hydrocarbures, ne peuvent être appliqués que dans des zones où la déformation tectonique est simple. C'est à dire dans des bassins sans failles obliques actives, dont le jeu entraînerait nécessairement des déplacements latéraux des écailles tectoniques ainsi qu'une déformation conjointe des sédiments. Le développement du modèle cinématique FOLDIS a un double objectif: * Il s'agit de proposer une méthode de calcul des déformations tectoniques qui présente des améliorations par rapport aux modèles cinématiques existants. Les configurations d'application du modèle FOLDIS sont en effet plus étendues que celle du modèle cinématique THRUSTPACK par exemple. Pour illustrer cette affirmation, on peut avancer le simple fait que les géométries des failles présentes dans un domaine d'étude du modèle FOLDIS ne sont pas limitées à être toutes définies avec un pendage orienté dans le même sens . * TI s'agit ensuite de prendre en compte le phénomène de compaction dans le modèle. Comme les objets du modèle FOLDIS sont de nature discrète, ils se prêtent bien à une modification de leur géométrie et à une redéfinition de leur contour. Après chaque stade de l'évolution du bassin, il est possible de proposer un couplage des déformations tectoniques avec les déformations liées à la compaction par diminution de porosité. Ce couplage repose sur un calcul géométrique incrémentaI. On effectue une prise en compte successive de la déformation tectonique puis de la compaction mécanique pour chaque intervalle de temps correspondant à un incrément cinématique.
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4

Abdallah, Youssouf. "Compaction banding in high-porosity limestones : Experimental observations and modelling." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC1024.

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La déformation des roches sédimentaires peut donner lieu à la formation de bandes de compaction, qui peuvent affecter considérablement le rendement des géosystèmes. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'identifier la formation des bandes de compaction dans les roches carbonatées poreuses à travers des essais de compression triaxiale et de proposer un modèle de comportement basé sur la théorie de plasticité du second-gradient pour prendre en compte l'effet des hétérogénéités locales.Les essais de compression axisymétrique sont combinés avec des observations tomographiques aux rayons X. Les échantillons sont scannés avant et après différents paliers de chargement et sous différents niveaux de pression de confinement. La construction de cartes de déformation 3D en utilisant la technique de corrélation d'images permet d'identifier les zones de localisation de déformation. Une méthode simple basée sur des considérations cinématiques est proposée pour identifier le type de bande de localisation obtenue. Des bandes de compaction sont identifiées sous forts confinements, des bandes de cisaillement pur sont obtenues à des faibles confinements, tandis que des bandes de cisaillement compactant sont observées dans le régime de transition. En revanche, une compaction diffuse a lieu sous chargement isotrope. D'autre part, des cartes de porosité 3D à une certaine méso-échelle intermédiaire sont construites et superposées sur les cartes de déformation. Il est observé que l'hétérogénéité de la porosité contrôle la structure des bandes de compaction qui s'étendent à l'intérieur des zones les plus poreuses et contournent les zones les plus denses. Il est également observé que l'écrasement des grains est le mécanisme dominant à l'échelle microscopique qui accompagne le mode de déformation. Des particules très fines remplissent ainsi les pores et induisent une réduction de la porosité. Dans les zones assez denses, les grands pores protégés par une structure quasi-rigide de grains cimentés restent intacts. Quand la composante de cisaillement est présente dans la bande de localisation, l'hétérogénéité de la porosité contrôle le comportement volumique. Le long d'une bande de cisaillement pur/compactant, des fissures apparaissent dans les zones denses, tandis que des phénomènes d'écrasement de grains et de remplissage des pores sont observés dans les endroits les plus poreux. Ces mécanismes sont responsables d'une coexistence complexe de compaction et de dilatation locales.Les modèles de comportement élasto-plastiques standards pour les milieux homogènes ne permettent pas de modéliser précisément la formation des bandes de compaction, car ils prévoient des bandes de localisation de déformation d'épaisseur nulle. Pour régulariser ce problème, des milieux continus d'ordres supérieurs (micromorphes) peuvent être considérés, où des longueurs internes en relation avec la microstructure sont introduites dans les lois de comportement. Une problématique particulière de ces modèles est la détermination des paramètres d'ordres supérieurs. Dans le cadre de la théorie de plasticité du second-gradient, la surface de charge dépend d'une variable interne d'écrouissage et de son second gradient. L'effondrement plastique de la porosité est considéré ici comme la variable interne. Une procédure de calage des paramètres d'ordres supérieurs supplémentaires basée sur les données mécaniques macroscopiques et les données fournies par les images obtenues par microtomographie aux rayons X est proposée. Une analyse de stabilité linéaire en conditions axisymétriques triaxiales est appliquée pour prévoir la formation des bandes de compaction. Le modèle de comportement est ensuite implémenté dans un logiciel aux éléments finis, Numerical Geolab, afin de réaliser une simulation numérique des essais. Les résultats numériques sont finalement comparés aux observations expérimentales<br>The mechanical deformation of sedimentary rocks can give rise to the formation of compaction bands which can significantly affect the performance of geosystems. The objective of this thesis is to identify the formation of compaction bands in porous carbonate rocks in laboratory experiments and to propose a constitutive model based on second-gradient plasticity theory to account for the effect of local heterogeneity.Axisymmetric compression tests are combined with X-Ray Computed Tomography observations. Samples are imaged before and after several loading steps and at different confining pressure levels. Digital Volume Correlation technique is applied on consecutive images to build 3D deformation maps at a millimetric gauge length, which permit to identify strain localization zones. A simple method based on kinematic considerations is proposed to classify these zones. Compaction bands have been identified at high confining pressures, pure shear bands are obtained for low confinements whereas compactive shear bands are observed in the transitional regime. In contrast, a diffuse compaction occurs in hydrostatic loading conditions. 3D porosity maps are constructed at some intermediate meso-scale and superimposed on deformation maps. The heterogeneity of porosity is found to control the pattern of compaction bands, as they lay inside high-porosity zones and avoid denser zones. Grain crushing is identified as the main micromechanism of the deformation. Very fine particles fill the pores and induce a porosity reduction. Large pores are observed to remain intact in denser zones, as they are protected by a surrounding rigid lattice of cemented grains. When shear strain is identified in deformation bands, porosity heterogeneity is found to control the volumetric behavior. Along a compactive/pure shear band, some cracks are observed in denser zones, whereas grain crushing and pore filling are observed in the more porous zones. These mechanisms are responsible for a complex co-existence of local contractancy and dilatancy along shear bands.Standard constitutive elastic-plastic laws of homogeneous media are insufficient to model correctly compaction banding, as a zero-thickness band is obtained for rate-independent materials in a Cauchy continuum. To regularize this problem, higher-order continua (micromorphic media) can be considered, where internal lengths in relation with the microstructure are introduced in the constitutive relations. A particular issue of these models is to calibrate the higher-order parameters. In the framework of second-gradient plasticity theory, the yield surface depends on a hardening parameter, related to the plastic strain and its second gradient. The plastic porosity reduction is taken here as the hardening parameter. A calibration procedure of the additional higher-order parameters based on macroscopic mechanical data and the data provided by the X-Ray images is proposed. Once the model is calibrated, a linear stability analysis in axisymmetric triaxial loading is applied to predict the formation of compaction bands. The calibrated model is subsequently implemented in a finite element code, textit{Numerical Geolab}, to perform numerical simulations of the experiments. Numerical results are finally compared to the experimental observations
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5

Burlion, Nicolas. "Compaction des bétons : éléments de modélisation et caractérisation expérimentale." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DENS0021.

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La compaction des bétons se rencontre le plus souvent dans le cas de choc ou d'impact sur structure en béton. Sous l'effet de fortes sollicitations de compression triaxiales, le matériau béton, initialement poreux, se densifie par réduction de la porosité initiale. L'énergie dissipée au cours de cette densification est tres importante : le matériau est fortement plastifie et endommage. Au cours d'un impact, d'autres phénomènes entrent en jeu : du cisaillement provoque par la perforation du missile, et de l'écaillage provoque par réflexion des ondes de compression sur la face non-impactée en ondes de traction. Nous proposons dans la première partie de cette thèse une modélisation de ces phénomènes basée sur la mécanique des milieux poreux, la mécanique de l'endommagement et la plasticité. Le modèle phénoménologique que nous proposons est apte à représenter les divers phénomènes physiques qui interviennent au cours d'un impact. Les comportements obtenus tant en traction qu'en compaction sont comparables avec des résultats expérimentaux. De plus le modèle propose à des propriétés de régularisation intéressantes en vue de calculs numériques par éléments finis. Dans une deuxième partie, nous proposons une stratégie expérimentale en vue de caractériser la compaction de bétons et de mortiers. Ce processus expérimental s'appuie sur deux essais statiques de compaction. Le premier de ces essais est dénommé essai uniaxial confine. Le principe de cet essai est de solliciter axialement une éprouvette cylindrique ayant un diamètre de 5 cm pour une hauteur de 10 cm, et d'empêcher son gonflement radial par une cellule cylindrique métallique de forte épaisseur. Les sollicitations maximales de compression atteintes sont alors de 1275 mpa axialement sur l'éprouvette pour une contrainte radiale de 260 mpa environ. Cet essai permet de caractériser la compaction de béton sur un trajet oedometrique. Le deuxième essai est dénommé essai triaxial hydrostatique : il résulte de l'adaptation aux matériaux très poreux d'une cellule a confinement fluide mis au point pour les matériaux métalliques. Les éprouvettes testées sont alors des mortiers et des micro-bétons. La sollicitation maximale atteinte est une pression hydrostatique de 400 mpa. Cet essai permet de caractériser des mortiers sur un trajet hydrostatique.
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6

Perrin, Aurélien. "Caenorhabditis elegans un modèle d’étude des différents compartiments du noyau : de l’étude d’un stress du nucléole par inhibition de la voie de neddylation à la mesure de la compaction de la chromatine in vivo." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTT049/document.

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NEDD8, molécule de la famille de l’ubiquitine est essentielle au développement, à la croissance et à la viabilité d’un organisme, de plus c’est une cible prometteuse en thérapeutique. Nous avons découvert que l’inhibiteur spécifique de la NEDDylation, MLN4924 altère la morphologie sans fragmentation et augmente la surface du nucléole de cellules humaines et de noyaux de la lignée germinale de Caenorhabditis elegans. Une approche de protéomique quantitative (SILAC) combiné à l’analyse de la production des ARNr et des ribosomes montrent que MLN4924 change la composition protéique du nucléole sans affecter l’activité transcriptionnelle de l’ARN pol I. Notre analyse montre que MLN4924 active p53 par la voie RPL11/RPL5-Mdm2 caractéristique d’un stress du nucléole. Cette étude identifie le nucléole comme une cible intéressante dans l’utilisation d’inhibiteurs de la NEDDylation et apporte un nouveau mécanisme d’activation de p53 par inhibition de la voie NEDD8.Dans une seconde étude nous avons adapté la méthode de FLIM-FRET (« Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy – Förster Resonance Energy Transfer ») à l’étude de la compaction de la chromatine à l’échelle du nanomètre dans un organisme vivant. Le nématode Caenorhabditis elegans s’est révélé être un modèle de choix. Au sein des chromosomes méiotiques, nous avons identifié différentes régions de compaction, de niveau variable par mesure du FRET entre histones fusionnées à des protéines fluorescentes. Par une approche originale d’ARN interférence et injection d’un « extra-chromosome » nous avons défini l’architecture à une nano-échelle de différents états de l’hétérochromatine et montré que cette organisation est contrôlée par les protéines HP1 « Heterochromatin Protein 1 » et SETDB1, une protéine « H3-Lysine 9 methyl transferase ». Nous avons également montré que la compaction de l’hétérochromatine est dépendante des condensines I et II et plus particulièrement la condensine I contrôle l’état faiblement compacté de la chromatine.Nos travaux ont confirmé que C. elegans est un modèle d’intérêt majeur pour l’étude des compartiments nucléaires et parfaitement adapté pour des études pré-clinique<br>The ubiquitin-like molecule NEDD8 is conserved and essential for viability, growth and development; its activation pathway is a promising target for therapeutic intervention. We found that the small molecule inhibitor of NEDDylation, MLN4924, alters the morphology and increases the surface size of the nucleolus in human cells and Caenorhabditis elegans germ cells in the absence of nucleolar fragmentation. Through SILAC proteomic analysis and rRNA production, processing and ribosome profiling, we show that MLN4924 changes the composition of the nucleolar proteome but does not inhibit RNA Pol I transcription. Further analysis demonstrates that MLN4924 activates the p53 tumour suppressor through the RPL11/RPL5-Mdm2 pathway, with characteristics of nucleolar stress. The study identifies the nucleolus as a target of the NEDDylation pathway and provides a mechanism for p53 activation upon NEDD8 inhibition.Then we adapted a quantitative FRET (Förster resonance energy transfer)-based fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) approach to assay the nano-scale chromatin compaction in a living organism, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. By measuring FRET between histone-tagged fluorescent proteins, we visualized distinct chromosomal regions and quantified the different levels of nanoscale compaction in meiotic cells. Using RNAi and repetitive extrachromosomal array approaches, we defined the heterochromatin state and showed that its architecture presents a nanoscale-compacted organization controlled by Heterochromatin Protein-1 (HP1) and SETDB1 H3-lysine-9 methyl-transferase homologs in vivo. Next, we functionally explored condensin complexes. We found that condensin I and condensin II are essential for heterochromatin compaction and that condensin I additionally controls lowly compacted regions. Our data show that, in living animals, nanoscale chromatin compaction is controlled not only by histone modifiers and readers but also by condensin complexes.We confirm that C. elegans is an interesting model to study nuclear signalling and perfectly adapt to be a platform for pre-clinical studies
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Cordier, Telmar Aurélie. "Etude de déformabilité de tresses en cours de préformage pour la fabrication de composite par le procédé RTM." Thesis, Orléans, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ORLE2045/document.

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Cette thèse traite la fabrication de pièces composites par le procédé « Resin Transert Molding » (RTM), appliquée à des tubes de protections thermiques assemblées dans des propulseurs de systèmes d’armes. Ces travaux ont pour objectif de démontrer la faisabilité d’utilisation de ce procédé pour la fabrication de ces pièces complexes. C’est le préformage, première étape du procédé de fabrication par RTM, qui est étudié dans le cadre de cette thèse. Cette étape est cruciale du point de vue de la faisabilité de l’étape d’injection qui la suit dans le procédé RTM mais aussi pour s’assurer de la qualité de la pièce composite finale obtenue. L’objectif des travaux de thèse est triple. Il faut tout d’abord développer le protocole de fabrication répétable adapté pour garantir l’obtention de préformes conformes. Ce protocole devra être viable du point de vue industriel. Pour cela, une démarche expérimentale a été mise en place. Un pilote de laboratoire puis un pilote industriel ont permis de comprendre et maitriser les phénomènes survenant en cours de préformage en faisant varier les paramètres procédé pour la fabrication de nombreux prototypes. Un modèle macroscopique prédictif de la forme globale des plis obtenus à partir des paramètres procédés a été développé à l’aide des observations expérimentales. Un modèle mésoscopique, à l’échelle de la maille élémentaire, a été écrit également. Il permet de prédire, à partir des données constitutives du matériau et d’une géométrie de pièce, la déformation de compaction et de cisaillement, modes de sollicitations prépondérants en cours de préformage, subie par le renfort en cours de la première étape du procédé de fabrication. Ces modèles mésoscopique et macroscopique couplés permettent le développement d’un outil global qui, de manière théorique et prédictive, assure la faisabilité d’une pièce de géométrie connue avec un matériau connu et fournit les paramètres « procédé » optimum pour assurer sa fabrication future. Les phénomènes de déformation en cisaillement et compaction apparaissant sur la tresse en cours de préformage sont donc identifiés et connus. Le procédé de fabrication est optimisé et l’outil prédictif permet d’envisager et tester en amont un changement de matériau, de géométrie de pièce à fabriquer ou de cahier descharges industriel<br>This study deals with the manufacture of composite parts by the process "Resin Transert Molding" (RTM), applied to thermal protection tubes. This work aims to demonstrate the feasibility of using this method for the production of these complex parts. This study deals with the first step of the RTM process, the fiber performing. This is critical from the standpoint of the feasibility of injecting step that follows in the RTM process but also to ensure the quality of the final composite part obtained. The aim of the thesis is threefold. Must first develop the manufacturing protocol adapted to ensure repeatable obtaining preforms compliant. This protocol should be viable to the industrial point of view. For this purpose, an experimental approach was implemented. A pilot laboratory and an industrial pilot helped to understand and master the phenomena occurring during forming varying the process parameters for the production of many prototypes. A macroscopic model predictive of overall shape folds obtained from the process parameters has been developed with the experimental observations. A mesoscopic model, the scale of the unit cell was also writing. It can predict, based on the specifications of the material and part geometry, the deformation of compaction and shear stresses. These models mesoscopic and macroscopic allow the development of a global tool that, theoretically predictive and ensures the feasibility of a piece of known geometry with a known material parameters and provides the "process" to ensure its optimum manufacturing future. The phenomena of compaction and shear strain appearing on the braid during preforming are identified and known. The manufacturing process is optimized and the predictive tool allows to explore and test upstream change of material, part geometry in manufacturing or industrial specifications
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Martin, Manon. "Développement d'un modèle de transfert hydrique des sols forestiers partiellement tassés dans un contexte de données parcimonieuses." Thesis, Avignon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AVIG0713.

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L'augmentation de la mécanisation lors de l'exploitation forestière combinée aux changements climatiques augmente le risque de circuler dans les mauvaises conditions et donc de dégrader les sols. C'est pourquoi il est nécessaire de développer des outils d'aide à la décision capables de prédire la praticabilité des sols forestiers. Cependant, évaluer la praticabilité avec des outils simples et des données facilement accessibles est complexe. En effet, elle dépend de multiple facteurs : la susceptibilité du sol à se déformer, la charge appliquée, le seuil de déformation toléré et l'état hydrique du sol. Ce travail vise à mieux comprendre et prévoir la dynamique hydrique des sols forestiers et des cloisonnements (i.e. chemins dédiés à la circulation des engins forestiers). Les objectifs sont les suivants : (i) améliorer notre compréhension de l'effet du tassement sur la teneur en eau des sols forestiers, (ii) paramétrer un modèle de fonctionnement hydrique en contexte forestier et (iii) être capable de prédire l'humidité des sols dans un contexte opérationnel. Nous avons mis en place un observatoire des cloisonnements qui a permis de fournir une base de données sur les propriétés hydrodynamiques des sols forestiers et sur l'évolution de la teneur en eau. Nous avons estimé les paramètres hydrodynamiques (PH) avec la méthode BEST sur des binômes de sols circulés-non circulés. Nous avons développé une loi de passage prédisant les valeurs de la teneur en eau à saturation et de la conductivité hydraulique à saturation des sols circulés à partir de ceux non circulés. Ensuite, nous avons paramétré un modèle de fonctionnement hydrique mécaniste basé sur l'équation de Richards en contexte forestier. Nous avons évalué la capacité du modèle à prédire la teneur en eau selon différents jeux de PH estimés par : la méthode BEST, une fonction de pédotransfert FPT ou calage. Le modèle combiné aux PH estimé par la méthode BEST mène à des problèmes de dessèchement de la couche intermédiaire en période estivale. L'utilisation d'une FPT conduit à un plus faible pouvoir prédictif mais ne simule la phase de dessèchement. La stratégie choisie consiste à utiliser la méthode BEST comme première estimation des PH et ensuite d'en caler certains par inversion. Enfin, nous avons développé un modèle empirique utilisable en conditions opérationnelles. Nous avons utilisé le modèle mécaniste pour générer une base de données virtuelle permettant (i) d'identifier les principaux mécanismes impliqués dans la dynamique de dessèchement des sol à prendre en compte et (ii) de caler et valider le modèle empirique. Il est capable de prédire le "jour de praticabilité" avec une résolution de 1.5 à 2.5 jours en période estivale. En période hivernale, sa précision n’est pas satisfaisante (rmse = 8.4 j), elle s'explique par la sensibilité du modèle aux évènements pluvieux fréquents et rapprochés. Le modèle empirique s'applique pour une seule configuration "sol x peuplement x climat x seuil" et mérite d'être calé dans d'autres contextes<br>The increase of the mechanization during logging combined with climate changes increases the risk of driving in not suitable conditions and thus degrading soils. This is why it is necessary to develop decision support tools capable of predicting the practicability of forest soils. However, assessing practicability with simple tools and easily accessible data is complex. It depends on the susceptibility of the soil to deformation, the load applied, the accepted threshold of soil deformation and the water state of the soil. This work aims to better understand and predict the water dynamics of forest soils and of the skid trails (i.e. roads dedicated to the circulation of forest machines). The objectives are: (i) to improve our knowledge of the compaction effect on forest soil water dynamic, (ii) to parametrize a model predicting the soil water flow under forest context and (iii) to be able to predict the soil water content of forest soils in an operational context. This work was carried out in three stages. First, we established an observatory of skid trails that has provided a data base on forest soil hydraulic properties and water dynamic. We estimated the hydraulic properties with the BEST method on circulated and non-circulated soils. We have developed a law predicting the values of the saturation water conten and the saturation hydraulic conductivity of circulated soils from those not circulated. Then, we have parametrized in forest context a mechanistic model based on Richards equation. We evaluated the ability of the model to predict the soil water content according to different hydraulic parameters: BEST method, pedotransfert function PTF and optimization. With the hydraulic parameters estimated from BEST method, the model leads to problem of middle layer drying during the summer period. With pedotransfer function, the model leads to a poorer prediction but does not simulate the drying phase. The strategy chosen is to use the BEST method as the first estimate of the hydraulic parameters and then to calibrate some of them by inversion. Finally, we have developed an empirical model that can be used in operational conditions. We used the mechanistic model to generate a virtual data set to (i) identify the main mechanisms involved in soil drying dynamics that need to be taking into account and (ii) calibrate and validate the empirical model. It is able to predict the "day of traffic" with accuracy of 1.5 to 2.5 days in summer. In winter, its accuracy is not satisfactory (rmse = 8.4 days) and is explained by the model sensitivity to weather sequences composed of frequent and nearby rainfall events. The empirical model is applicable to a single configuration "soil x stand x climate x threshold" and should be calibrated in other contexts
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9

Kaitheri, Athul. "Caractérisation des variations de masse en Antarctique en réponse aux fluctuations climatiques à partir des données de gravimétrie spatiale et d'altimétrie radar." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COAZ4100.

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Quantifier le bilan de masse de l’Antarctique et son impact en termes de niveau de la mer, demande une bonne compréhension de la variabilité interannuelle ainsi que de ces causes. Ceci est devenu plus crucial dans le cadre du réchauffement climatique. Très peu d’études ont été faites sur l’influence des anomalies climatiques sur le comportement de l’Antarctique et sur l’évaluation de leurs impacts. Les variations de volume ou de masse de l’Antarctique sont en majorité basées sur l’altimétrie ou la gravimétrie spatiales. Dans cette thèse, nous utilisons les données des missions d’Envisat (2002 to 2010) et de Grace (2002 to 2016) afin de restituer respectivement les variations de volume et de masse de la calotte. Nous utilisons aussi les données issues du modèle de climat RACMO2.3p2 afin de forcer notre modèle de compaction. Ce modèle nous permet à la fois d’évaluer la transformation de neige en glace et de corriger les variations d’élévation mesurées par altimétrie.Les variations de hauteur estimées par ces différentes techniques sont en bon accord les unes avec les autres, particulièrement en Antarctique de l’Ouest, sur la Péninsule et le long de la côte de l’Antarctique de l’Est. Les variations interannuelles sont extraites en utilisant un modèle de décomposition modale empirique (emd). Une étude par moindre carré met en évidence un signal de périodicité proche de 4 ans sur les données issues de l’altimétrie, de la gravimétrie et du modèle Racmo. Ceci semble indiquer une influence de phénomène El Niño, lequel influe sur différents paramètres comme le transport de l’humidité, la température de surface de l’océan, les précipitations autour de l’Antarctique en alternant des périodes froides et des périodes chaudes. Mais d’autres oscillations semi-périodiques peuvent aussi avoir un impact sur la variabilité Antarctique. Citons l’Amundsen Sea Low (ASL) ou le Southern Annular mode (SAM).Une analyse en composante principale combinant nos trois estimations de hauteur met en évidence des structures similaires. Les anomalies de hauteur semblent circuler dans le sens des aiguilles d’une montre de Coasts Land (CL) vers Pine Island (PIG) en passant par Dronning Maud Land (DML) et Wilkes Land (WL) à une fréquence comprise entre 6 et 8 ans. Ceci suggère une anomalie climatique due à l’onde circumpolaire (ACW) qui se propage à travers l’océan austral en 8 à 10 ans. En résumé, la variabilité interannuelle du bilan de masse Antarctique est modulée par différentes anomalies climatiques<br>Quantifying the mass balance of the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS), and the resulting sea level rise, requires an understanding of inter-annual variability and associated causal mechanisms. This has become more complex and challenging in the backdrop of global climate change. Very few studies have been exploring the influence of climate anomalies on the AIS and only a vague estimate of its impact is available. Usually changes to the ice sheet are quantified using observations from space-borne altimetry and gravimetry missions. In this study, we use data from Envisat (2002 to 2010) and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) (2002 to 2016) missions to estimate monthly elevation changes and mass changes, respectively. Similar estimates of the changes are made using weather variables (surface mass balance (SMB) and temperature) from a regional climate model (RACMO2.3p2) as inputs to a firn compaction (FC) model. Using the firn compaction model we were able to model the transformation of snow into glacial ice and hence estimate changes in the elevation of the ice sheet using climate parameters.Elevation changes estimated from different techniques are in good agreement with each other across the AIS especially in West Antarctica, Antarctic Peninsula, and along the coasts of East Antarctica. Inter-annual height change patterns are then extracted using for the first time an empirical mode decomposition followed by a reconstruction of modes. These signal on applying least square method revealed a sub-4-year periodic signal in the all the three distinct height change patterns. This was indicative of the influence of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), a climate anomaly that alters, among other parameters, moisture transport, sea surface temperature, precipitation, in and around the AIS at similar frequency by alternating between warm and cold conditions. But there existed altering periodic behavior among inter annual height change patterns in the Antarctic Pacific (AP) sector which was found possibly by the influence of multiple climate drivers, like the Amundsen Sea Low (ASL) and the Southern Annular Mode (SAM). A combined analysis of the three distinct estimates using a PCA (principal component analysis) along the coast revealed similar findings. Height change anomaly also appears to traverse eastwards from Coats Land to Pine Island Glacier (PIG) regions passing through Dronning Maud Land (DML) and Wilkes Land (WL) in 6 to 8 years. This is indicative of climate anomaly traversal due to the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave (ACW) which propagates anomalies through the Southern Ocean in 8 to 10 years. Altogether, inter-annual variability in the SMB of the AIS is found to be modulated by multiple competing climate anomalies
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10

Picart, Didier. "Comportement et mise en forme d'un explosif agrégataire." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DENS0007.

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Cette étude concerne la modélisation du comportement d'un agrégat organique explosif et la simulation de sa mise en forme. Nous présentons tout d'abord la microstructure de ce matériau ainsi que son comportement tel qu'il est modélisé aujourd'hui lorsque la porosité minimale est atteinte. Puis l'enceinte isostatique développée lors de cette étude afin d'obtenir les courbes pression-changement de volume de l'agrégat à tout instant de la compaction est décrite ainsi que les différents essais isostatiques. La loi de comportement que nous formulons s'appuie en partie sur le modèle de la sphère creuse soumise a une pression extérieure, ce qui nous permet de prendre en compte l'effet de la porosité et de la viscosité. Des simulations par éléments finis sont proposées à l'aide du code de calcul abaqus pour les différentes techniques de pressage industrielles. Les cartes de porosité et de contrainte résiduelles permettent alors de proposer quelques améliorations de ces procédés.
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11

Telmar, Aurélie. "Etude de déformabilité de tresses en cours de préformage pour la fabrication de composite par le procédé RTM." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00821021.

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Cette thèse traite la fabrication de pièces composites par le procédé " Resin Transert Molding " (RTM), appliquée à des tubes de protections thermiques assemblées dans des propulseurs de systèmes d'armes. Ces travaux ont pour objectif de démontrer la faisabilité d'utilisation de ce procédé pour la fabrication de ces pièces complexes. C'est le préformage, première étape du procédé de fabrication par RTM, qui est étudié dans le cadre de cette thèse. Cette étape est cruciale du point de vue de la faisabilité de l'étape d'injection qui la suit dans le procédé RTM mais aussi pour s'assurer de la qualité de la pièce composite finale obtenue. L'objectif des travaux de thèse est triple. Il faut tout d'abord développer le protocole de fabrication répétable adapté pour garantir l'obtention de préformes conformes. Ce protocole devra être viable du point de vue industriel. Pour cela, une démarche expérimentale a été mise en place. Un pilote de laboratoire puis un pilote industriel ont permis de comprendre et maitriser les phénomènes survenant en cours de préformage en faisant varier les paramètres procédé pour la fabrication de nombreux prototypes. Un modèle macroscopique prédictif de la forme globale des plis obtenus à partir des paramètres procédés a été développé à l'aide des observations expérimentales. Un modèle mésoscopique, à l'échelle de la maille élémentaire, a été écrit également. Il permet de prédire, à partir des données constitutives du matériau et d'une géométrie de pièce, la déformation de compaction et de cisaillement, modes de sollicitations prépondérants en cours de préformage, subie par le renfort en cours de la première étape du procédé de fabrication. Ces modèles mésoscopique et macroscopique couplés permettent le développement d'un outil global qui, de manière théorique et prédictive, assure la faisabilité d'une pièce de géométrie connue avec un matériau connu et fournit les paramètres " procédé " optimum pour assurer sa fabrication future. Les phénomènes de déformation en cisaillement et compaction apparaissant sur la tresse en cours de préformage sont donc identifiés et connus. Le procédé de fabrication est optimisé et l'outil prédictif permet d'envisager et tester en amont un changement de matériau, de géométrie de pièce à fabriquer ou de cahier descharges industriel.
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12

Thoral, Claudia. "Développement galénique de probiotiques conditionnés sous forme comprimés." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA114827.

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L’une des principales problématiques du développement de produits biologiques, comme les probiotiques, réside dans l’impact du processus de fabrication sur la souche d’intérêt. Le maintien de l’activité thérapeutique est d’un intérêt capital pour obtenir l’effet bénéfique et, des travaux ont également optimisé les propriétés de la souche Lcr35® au travers du procédé de fabrication. Ainsi, toutes les étapes de fabrication du produit sont autant d’étapes qui peuvent modifier les caractéristiques de la souche bactérienne. La compression a été reconnue comme étant une étape qui permet d’éliminer les contaminations bactériennes et a également été décrite comme néfaste pour la viabilité d’une souche probiotique. Ces données constituent donc un a priori négatif au développement de probiotiques comprimés.Inversement, cette forme galénique est reconnue pour améliorer la demi-Vie des produits et améliorer la stabilité des bactéries dans un milieu gastrique. Cependant, aucune étude complète des propriétés d’une souche probiotique, après compression, n’a été effectuée. Or, afin d’établir un dossier d’AMM, toutes ces propriétés se doivent d’être vérifiées sur le produit final.Les travaux présentés se sont donc attachés à étudier les principales propriétés de la souche Lcr35® après compression. Tout d’abord, la perte de viabilité initiale en fonction de la pression de compression a été évaluée expérimentalement et une loi de décroissance d’ordre 1 est proposée. Un tel modèle permet ainsi d’anticiper la perte de viabilité selon la formulation et les conditions de compression. D’autre part, le profil génétique ainsi que le profil d’expression des gènes de la souche Lcr35® ont été étudiés après compression. Ni l’un ni l’autre n’a été modifié par le stress mécanique généré par la compression. De même, les propriétés d’inhibition du pathogène vaginal C. albicans ainsi que la résistance à pH acide de la souche sont maintenues. La résistance au pH gastrique est même améliorée par une protection mécanique vis-À-Vis du milieu.Selon les données de stabilité (ICH Q1A), la viabilité de la souche Lcr35® n’est pas non plus affectée par la compression. Les données de stabilité ont fait l’objet d’une modélisation par l’équation d’Arrhenius permettant d’obtenir un modèle fiable de prédiction de la stabilité, à partir des données en conditions accélérées (40°C).Dans une approche QbD de développement des produits pharmaceutiques, ces données serviront de base de comparaison pour la caractérisation de formulations en développement où des éléments tels que le milieu de culture, la souche ou la forme galénique peuvent être modifiés.Cette caractérisation globale de la souche Lcr35®, après compression, a permis d’infirmer l’a priori négatif sur la compression des bactéries. Ces travaux ont permis de comprendre, de caractériser et de modéliser les aspects liés à la compression des probiotiques. Ils constituent un prérequis primordial au développement d’un nouveau produit sous la forme d’un comprimé. Suite à une étape de développement complémentaire, ils ont d’ailleurs permis d’aboutir au premier produit commercialisé sous la forme d’un comprimé à libération prolongée, par la société Probionov : Gynophilus® LP.Ces données sur la compression élargissent la connaissance fondamentale de l’effet des procédés pharmaceutiques sur les propriétés des probiotiques et ouvrent de manière considérable leur champ de développement. Cette forme est un atout considérable en termes de stabilité mais surtout, elle fait intervenir de nombreuses perspectives de développement : gastro-Résistants, effervescents, multicouches, etc. Par l’intermédiaire de cette technologie, une administration plus ciblée de la souche par exemple dans les parties distales de l’intestin pourra être envisagée pour optimiser le bénéfice thérapeutique des souches probiotiques. Le but final étant de pouvoir diminuer la posologie des traitements tout en améliorant l’observance et le confort des patients<br>One of the main issues in the development of biological products, such as probiotics, is the impact of the manufacturing process on the strain of interest. Maintaining therapeutic activity is of great interest for the expected beneficial effect and work has even optimized the properties of the Lcr35® strain through the manufacturing process. Therefore, all process stages leading to the final product are steps that can alter the characteristics of the bacterial strain.Compression is recognized in some publications as being a step which eliminates bacterial contaminations present for example in the excipients. For the development of new probiotic products, compression has also been described as negative for bacterial viability. These data are therefore a negative a priori on development of probiotic products in the tablet form. Conversely, this dosage form is known to improve the half-Life of products and improve the stability of bacteria in gastric environment. However, no comprehensive study of the properties of a probiotic strain after compression was done. Nevertheless, to establish a marketing authorization, all the properties of the strain must be checked on the final product.This work has proposed a review of the main properties of the Lcr35® strain after compression. First of all, the initial loss of viability as a function of compression pressure was studied experimentally and was modeled by a first order law. It allows us to anticipate the loss of viability of a strain depending on the formulation and compression conditions. Furthermore, the genetic profile and the profile of gene expression have not been changed due to the compression step. We also noticed that the inhibition properties of the pathogen C. albicans growth and acid resistance of the strain are maintained. Resistance to gastric pH is also enhanced by a phenomenon of mechanical protection against the environment.According to the data of stability under ICH conditions, the viability of the compressed Lcr35® strain is not affected by the compression. Stability data have therefore been modeled by the Arrhenius equation to obtain a reliable model for predicting the stability data from accelerated conditions (40°C). In a QbD approach to pharmaceutical development, these data serve as a basis of comparison for the characterization of developing formulations where parameters such as the culture environment, the drying method, the strain or the galenic form can be changed. This global characterization of Lcr35® strain after compression has set aside the negative a priori against the compression of bacteria. This work helped to understand, characterize and model aspects linked to probiotics compression. They are an essential prerequisite for the development of a new probiotic product in the form of a tablet. Following a further development step, they also helped to lead to the first product in the tablet form, marketed by the company Probionov : Gynophilus® LP (vaginal administration). These compression data considerably broaden the field of development of probiotics. Indeed, this form is a considerable advantage in terms of stability but more importantly, the tablet form involves many development opportunities: gastro-Resistant, effervescent, multi-Layered tablets, etc. Through this technology, a more targeted administration of the strain such as up to the colon may be considered to maximize the therapeutic benefit of the probiotic strains. The ultimate goal is to be able to decrease the dosage of treatment while improving observance of the treatment and the patient comfort
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13

Ezanno, Anthony. "Caractérisation rapide des propriétés à la fatigue à grand nombre de cycles des matériaux de fonderie à partir d'essais d’auto-échauffement : application aux alliages d'hélices marines." Brest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BRES2028.

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Les hélices marines sont soumises en service à des chargements cycliques susceptibles de provoquer la rupture de pales par fatigue. Obtenues par fonderie, les hélices, généralement en alliage cupro-aluminium, contiennent des défauts hérités du procédé de fabrication, à l’origine des mécanismes qui mènent à la rupture. Les objectifs de ces travaux de thèse sont d’une part, de mettre en place une chaîne numérique d’aide au dimensionnement à la fatigue dédiée aux structures obtenues par fonderie et d’autre part, de valider cette chaîne à l’échelle de la structure. Un modèle de comportement à la fatigue à grand nombre de cycles ad hoc est proposé. Il repose sur l’hypothèse que la ruine par fatigue est pilotée par l’activation de mécanismes de microplasticité qui ont lieu autour des défauts de fonderie et qui induisent une dissipation énergétique. On adopte une approche à deux échelles probabiliste en considérant un ensemble de sites élastoplastiques, de seuil d’activation variable et répartis aléatoirement dans une matrice élastique. On propose l’utilisation des essais d’auto-échauffement sous chargements cycliques pour identifier le comportement mécanique d’un site ainsi que la variabilité de la population de sites. Les défauts sont ainsi pris en compte de manière indirecte, i. E. Sans description géométrique, à travers la signature thermique du matériau sous sollicitations cycliques. Les prévisions de ce modèle sont comparées aux résultats d’une campagne d’essais de fatigue sur des hélices à échelle 1. Ces essais sur structure ont nécessité la conception et la mise en oeuvre d’un montage spécifique<br>Marine propellers are subjected to cyclic loadings which can lead to fatigue failure of the blades. Large ship propellers are typically obtained by a sand casting process, and are generally made of aluminium bronze. As per all cast components, propellers content casting flaws such as micro-shrinkage pores which act as fatigue crack initiation sites. The objectives of this thesis are to firstly develop a numerical tool that aids the fatigue conception of cast components and to validate it using full-scale tests. A High Cycle Fatigue model is proposed. In this model, it is assumed that fatigue failure is due to microplasticity which occurs around casting defects and results in the dissipation of energy. A two-scale probabilistic approach is adopted. A set of elasto-plastic sites with variable activation threshold and a random distribution in the material is considered. Self-heating tests under cyclic loadings are used to identify the mechanical behavior of a site and the variability of the population of sites. Castings defects are taken into account indirectly, without considering a precise geometrical description, thanks to the thermal response of the material under cyclic loadings. The predictions from the model are compared to experimental results from full-scale fatigue tests on propellers. These tests required the design of a specific experimental set-up
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14

Khambekar, Jayant Vijay. "Models for compaction and ejection of powder metal parts." Link to electronic thesis, 2003. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0430103-145150/.

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15

Puls, John Michael. "Compaction models for predicting moisture-density-energy relationships for earth materials." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.

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16

Petit-Renaud, Amel. "Compaction des poudres en presse à rouleaux lisses alimentée par une vis horizontale." Compiègne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998COMP1149.

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Comme il n'existe pas de procédure de dimensionnement basée sur des travaux théoriques, la pratique industrielle est de réaliser un grand nombre d'expériences préliminaires à l'aide d'une presse de laboratoire. Bien que facile à mettre en oeuvre, cette démarche peut s'avérer coûteuse et laborieuse et n'offre aucune garantie de succès. Le but de ce travail est d'instrumenter une presse à rouleaux afin d'accéder à d'importantes informations, telles que la distribution de la contrainte normale à la paroi des rouleaux, la contrainte engendrée par la vis d'alimentation, et d'infirmer ou de confirmer la valeur prédictive de certaines théories qui ont été spécifiquement développées pour ce type de procédé d'agglomération. Nous avons mis en évidence le rôle des paramètres opératoires (vitesse des rouleaux et de la vis d'alimentation, entrefer) sur la distribution des contraintes. Une augmentation de la vitesse des rouleaux conduit à un profil des contraintes dans la zone de compaction plus faible en largeur et en amplitude. Par ailleurs, les performances de la vis sont limitées à la fois par la géométrie de la trémie et par les propriétés de la poudre. Nous avons en outre démontré que la capacité de la presse croît avec la vitesse des rouleaux jusqu'à une vitesse de transition au-delà de laquelle la capacité décroît. Le désaccord entre les résultats expérimentaux et théoriques est dû au fait que les travaux théoriques ne tiennent pas compte de la vitesse des rouleaux et de l'écoulement de l'air. C'est pour quantifier ce dernier phénomène que nous avons conçu une cellule de perméabilité. A l'issue de ce travail, une approche prédictive du comportement de la poudre vis-à-vis de la compaction en presse à rouleaux est proposée.
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17

Keller, Thomas. "Soil compaction and soil tillage - studies in agricultural soil mechanics /." Uppsala : Dept. of Soil Sciences, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/a489.pdf.

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18

Silva, Pablo Dutra da. "Modelo compacto de não-linearidades em transistores MOS." Florianópolis, SC, 2006. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/89313.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica.<br>Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-22T19:21:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 233928.pdf: 1327332 bytes, checksum: d6a15031677dcf39c4baf31805ebf12f (MD5)<br>Neste trabalho, é proposto um modelo compacto para não-linearidades em transistores MOS desenvolvido com base nas equações de canal curto do modelo #Advanced Compact MOSFET# (ACM). As maiores vantagens deste modelo são a simplicidade de suas equações e a forma explícita com que se determinam as nãolinearidades do transistor MOS em função do nível de inversão. Além disso, são discutidas as causas físicas de um aumento de linearidade observado em inversão moderada, chamado #Sweet Spot#. Através de medidas, concluiu-se que efeitos de segunda ordem, principalmente a saturação da velocidade dos portadores em transistores de canal curto, são as principais causas do aumento de linearidade observado. In this work, a compact model for nonlinearities in MOS transistors derived from the short-channel equations of the Advanced Compact MOSFET (ACM) is proposed. The main advantages of the referred model are simplicity of the equations and the explicit determination of the nonlinearities of the MOSFET with respect to the inversion level. In addition, the physical causes of a linearity improvement observed in moderate inversion level, called #Sweet Spot#, are discussed. The measurements shown that second order effects, principally the carrier velocity saturation in short-channel transistors, are the main causes of the linearity improvement observed.
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19

Haji, Oussama. "Modèles de comportement de structures textiles : développement, identification, implémentation." Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE3007.

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Les renforts fibreux subissent des mécanismes de déformations complexes lors du procédé de fabrication des pièces composites. Par conséquent, des défauts se produisent à différentes échelles du renfort qui peuvent affecter drastiquement la qualité de la pièce finale. Afin d’améliorer celle-ci, il serait judicieux de prévoir la faisabilité des pièces composite par la modélisation et la simulation du procédé de mise en forme. Cette tâche nécessite d’établir, tout d’abord, une loi de comportement du renfort fibreux par le biais de la modélisation du comportement des mèches, qui dépend lui-même du comportement des fibres et des interactions entre elles. D’où l’intérêt de commencer par l’étude d’un milieu fibreux modèle à l’échelle de la fibre. La présente étude s’inscrit dans cette approche en ayant comme objectif de développer un milieu modèle basé sur une géométrie réaliste d’un réseau de fibres faiblement enchevêtrées et quasiment unidirectionnelles. À l’issue de ce travail, deux éléments clés sont présentés : (i) des outils automatisés de reconstruction de la microstructure des milieux fibreux à partir des images de la tomographie à rayons X, jusqu’à son modèle CAO. (ii) une stratégie de simulation fiable,nourrie par des essais expérimentaux de compaction effectués sur un milieu fibreux modèle de 40 fibres de polyester. En utilisant ces outils, des simulations de compaction confinée, sur la même microstructure que celle de l’échantillon réel, ont été effectuées sur Abaqus®. Les fibres ont été modélisées par des éléments poutres 3D en prenant en compte le frottement entre elles. Un modèle numérique de contact, basé sur la loi de Hertz, est utilisé également. La confrontation des résultats numériques avec ceux des expériences montre une cohérence très encourageante qui permet de valider le modèle numérique d’une part, et de tester d’autres trajets de chargement en augmentant le nombre de fibres d’autre part<br>The fibrous textile undergoes different mechanical loads, which induce strains and damage to the fabric at different scales. As a result, the mechanical properties of the final parts are drastically impacted. It is therefore essential topredict the feasibility of composite parts by the modelization and the simulation of the fabric preforming process.This task requires an appropriate mechanical behaviour of the fibrous textile. This behaviour is mainly a structural effect that depends essentially on the yarn interlacing and secondly on the yarn behaviour. Each yarn is composedof thousands of fibers; therefore, the objective of the present thesis is to establish a reliable numerical model ofslightly entangled and quasi-parallel fibers. The present work presents mainly: (i) a realistic representation of the fiber network geometry and (ii) a reliable simulation strategy to model the main phenomena at the fiber scale. To feed this approach, compaction tests were conducted on fiber network specimens of 40 polyester fibres. The experiments were combined with X-ray tomography image analysis. Using these tools, simulations of confined compaction on the same microstructure of the used specimen were performed on Abaqus®/Explicit. Beam finite elements were chosen to model the fibers and optimise the calculation cost. The normal contact behaviour between the fibers were was accurately modelled using the contact stiffness scaling and referring to Hertz contact model. The simulation strategy has been validated by comparing the mechanical response of the compaction experiment with the numerical one. The proposed model offers encouraging results in accordance with the real compaction test. More loading trajectories will be performed on a bundle of hundreds of fibers to gather more information on the microscopic scale (fiber scale), and then formulate a mechanical behaviour at the mesoscopic scale (yarn scale)
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20

Casali, Rudiney Hoffmann. "Objetos estelares compactos sujeitos a campos magnéticos fortes." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2013. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/107262.

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Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física.<br>Made available in DSpace on 2013-12-05T23:38:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 320905.pdf: 5169618 bytes, checksum: c9c749987e39412c9680939d66429264 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013<br>Nesta tese aplicamos campos magnéticos da ordem de 10 17 G e 10 18 G à matéria de nucleons e estudamos sua influência sobre a energia de simetria e sua inclinação. Investigamos também os efeitos causados pela inclusão dos momentos mangnéticos anômalos nessas quantidades. Depois, investigamos os efeitos causados por fortes campos magnéticos nas propriedades de objetos compactos, compostos por matéria hadrônica em equilíbrio-beta, interagindo através dos campos mesônicos sigma-omega-rho. Para isso utilizamos o modelo efetivo de Walecka não linear e algumas parametrizações comumente utilizadas. Submetendo matéria hadrônica a campos magnéticos da ordem de 10 17 G e 10 18 G, estudamos os efeitos da inclusão dos momentos magnéticos anômalos às equações de estado e das relações de massa-raio correspondentes. Apresentamos também um estudo a respeito da inclusão de um termo que leva em conta a interação entre os mésons omega e rho nessas equações de estado submetidas a fortes campos magnéticos. Por fim fazemos um comparativo entre as curvas dos modelos teóricos obtidos e dados observacionais de três sistemas binários conhecidos. No final deste trabalho estão incluídos os papers publicados durante o doutorado e também um trabalho submetido. <br><br>Abstract : In this thesis we apply magnetic fields of the order of 10 17 G and 10 18 G to nuclear matter, and study its influence on the symmetry energy and its slope. We also study the effects caused by the inclusion of anomalous magnetic moments to these quantities. Then, we investigate the effects caused by strong magnetic fields on the properties of compact objects, composed by hadronic matter in B-equilibrium, interacting via (o-w-p) mesonic fields. To do so we use the non-linear Walecka model and some parametrizations normally found in the literature. Submitting hadronic matter to magnetic fields of the order of 10 17 G and 10 18 G, we also study the effects of the inclusion of the anomalous magnetic moment to the equations of state and corresponding massradius relation. We also study the effects of the inclusion of a term that takes into account the interaction between the # and $ mesons subject to strong magnetic fields. At last we compare the obtained curves for the theoretical models with three known binary systems observation data. At the end of this work are included the papers published during the PhD period e also a submitted work.
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21

Gouveia, Filho Oscar da Costa. "Um modelo compacto do transistor MOS para simulação de circuitos /." Florianópolis, SC, 1999. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/80550.

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Tese (Doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico.<br>Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-18T15:56:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2016-01-09T02:26:17Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 147226.pdf: 19168271 bytes, checksum: a5fa88152eb3fba56f271c59bef34e82 (MD5)
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22

Xiong, Hu. "Simulation of forming, compaction and consolidation of thermoplastic composites based on solid shell elements." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI085/document.

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Les composites thermoplastiques préimprégnés suscitent un intérêt croissant pour l'industrie automobile grâce à leurs excellentes propriétés mécaniques et leur procédé de fabrication rapide. Dans ce contexte, la modélisation et la simulation numérique des procédées de mise en forme de pièces composites à géométries complexes sont nécessaires pour prédire et optimiser les pratiques de fabrication. Cette thèse est consacrée à la modélisation et à la simulation du comportement de consolidation des composites thermoplastiques préimprégnés lors du processus de mise en forme. Un nouvel élément solide-coque prismatique à sept nœuds est proposé: six situés aux sommets et le septième situé au centre. Le champ de cisaillement transverse est supposé afin de réprimer le verrouillage de cisaillement transversal. La méthode de déformation renforcée supposée par addition d'un DOF de déplacement supplémentaire depuis le nœud central et un schéma d'intégration réduit sont combinées offrant un champ de déformation linéaire le long de la direction d'épaisseur pour contourner le verrouillage. De plus, une procédure de stabilisation de sablier est employée afin de corriger le défaut de rang de l'élément pour le pincement. Cet élément utilise un modèle de relaxation viscoélastique pour modéliser le comportement tridimensionnel de composites thermoplastiques préimprégnés avec effet de consolidation. Un modèle de contact intime est également utilisé pour prédire l'évolution de la consolidation et la microstructure du vide présente au sein du préimprégné. A l’aide d’une loi hyperélastique, plusieurs simulations ont été conduites en combinant le nouvel élément fini et les modèles de consolidation. La comparaison des résultats de simulation avec les essais expérimentaux montre l'efficacité de l’élément solide-coque face aux problèmes de déformations dans le plan et en flexion, mais également pour l'analyse du comportement de consolidation. De plus, le degré de contact intime fournit le degré de consolidation par conditions de procédé appliqué, ce qui est essentiel pour l'apparition de défauts dans la pièce finale de composite<br>As the pre-impregnated thermoplastic composites have recently attached increasing interest in the automotive industry for their excellent mechanical properties and their rapid cycle manufacturing process, modelling and numerical simulations of forming processes for composites parts with complex geometry is necessary to predict and optimize manufacturing practices. This thesis is devoted to modelling and simulation of the consolidation behavior during thermoplastic prepreg composites forming process. A new seven-node prismatic solid-shell element is proposed: six located at the apexes and the seventh sited at the center. A shear stain field is assumed to subdue transverse shear locking, the enhanced assumed strain method by addition of an extra displacement DOF from the central node and a reduced integration scheme are combined offering a linear varying strain field along the thickness direction to circumvent thickness locking, and an hourglass stabilization procedure is employed in order to correct the element’s rank deficiency for pinching. This element permits the modelling of three-dimensional constitutive behavior of thermoplastic prepreg with the consolidation effect, which is modelled by a viscoelastic relaxation model. An intimate contact model is employed to predict the evolution of the consolidation which permits the microstructure prediction of void presented through the prepreg. Within a hyperelastic framework, several simulation tests are launched by combining the new developed finite element and the consolidation models. The comparison with conventional shell element and experimental results shows the efficiency of the proposed solid-shell element not only dealing with the in-plan deformation and bending deformation problems, but also in analyzation of the consolidation behavior, and the degree of intimate contact provides the level of consolidation by applied process conditions, which is essential for the appearance of defects in final composite part
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23

Bonnenfant, Denis. "Analyse théorique et expérimentale du comportement de composites particulaires modèles en vue de leur mise en forme par compaction à chaud." Aix-Marseille 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX22100.

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L'obtention de materiaux composites a matrice metallique peut se faire par un procede de metallurgie des poudres, la compaction isostatique a chaud. L'objectif de ce travail est de contribuer a la comprehension des mecanismes de densification de tels materiaux. Pour cela, nous avons mis au point un dispositif experimental original, permettant, au moyen d'un scanner a rayons x, de suivre en continu les deformations d'une eprouvette soumise a une sollicitation triaxiale. On utilise un materiau modele, melange de billes de pmma ayant un comportement a chaud viscoplastique, et de billes de verre rigides. A partir de ces experiences, il a ete possible d'analyser l'influence de la fraction d'inclusions rigides, de leur taille, ainsi que de la contrainte deviatorique, sur la densification. Nous proposons ensuite un modele, formule a partir d'un resultat de borne variationnelle sur le potentiel macroscopique de deformation, et independant du comportement viscoplastique de la phase matrice. Ce modele prend en compte la porosite et les inclusions au moyen d'estimations basees sur un schema autocoherent. On propose egalement un moyen de prendre en compte les tailles respectives des inclusions et des grains de matrice. Ensuite, ce modele est compare aux resultats experimentaux sur le pmma, ainsi qu'aux resultats issus de la litterature
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24

de, Moraes Barbosa Alberto. "Modelo SPICE compacto para dispositivos e sensores a onda acústica de superfície." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2005. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/5648.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T17:40:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo7089_1.pdf: 2259442 bytes, checksum: 4851aab70d2479c859a5ccbdc3d8260a (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005<br>O desenvolvimento atual em sensores tem como objetivo, uma maior integração entre o componente sensível e o circuito eletrônico para detecção, processamento e comunicação, de maneira que todos os componentes sejam fabricados no mesmo chip. Esse tipo de sensor é denominado genericamente de sensor inteligente integrado (integrated smart sensor). A sua simulação requer modelos que possam ser utilizados em simuladores de circuito. SPICE é um simulador de propósito geral e tem sua estrutura presente em vários outros simuladores comerciais. Ele foi projetado desde o início para ser uma ferramenta de simulação de circuitos integrados. Dispositivos a Onda Acústica de Superfície, OAS (em inglês, SAW = "Surface Acoustic Wave") têm diversas aplicações devido as suas várias vantagens, tais como: baixo custo, leveza, reduzido tamanho e operação passiva. Modelos de tansdutores acústicos têm sido propostos, mas apenas um deles pode ser utilizado em algumas versões do SPICE (PSPICE e HSPICE). Todos apresentam complexidade ao representar transdutores longos. Nosso modelo é baseado em m modelo obtido a partir das equações dos modos acomplados, é compacto e tem sido utilizado, com sucesso, em diversas versões do SPICE, desde o SPICE 3f4, disponível gratuitamente até o ELDO da Mentor Graphics Corp
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25

Ahlman, Björn. "Coarse-Graining Fields in Particle-Based Soil Models." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-173534.

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In soil, where trees and crops grow, heavy vehicles shear and compact the soil, leading to reduced plant growth and diminished nutrient recycling. Computer simulations offer the possibility to improve the understanding of these undesired phenomena. In this thesis, soils were modelled as large collections of contacting spherical particles using the Discrete Element Method (DEM) and the physics engine AGX Dynamics, and these entities were analyzed. In the first part of the thesis, soils, which were considered to be continua, were subjected to various controlled deformations and fields for quantities such as stress and strain were visualized using coarse graining (CG). These fields were then compared against analytical solutions. The main goal of the thesis was to evaluate the usefulness, accuracy, and precision of this plotting technique when applied to DEM-soils. The general behaviour of most fields agreed well with analytical or expected behaviour. Moreover, the fields presented valuable information about phenomena in the soils. Relative errors varied from 1.2 to 27 %. The errors were believed to arise chiefly from non-uniform displacement (due to the inherent granularity in the technique), and unintended uneven particle distribution. The most prominent drawback with the technique was found to be the unreliability of the plots near the boundaries. This is significant, since the behaviour of a soil at the surface where it is in contact with e.g. a vehicle tyre is of interest. In the second part of the thesis, a vehicle traversed a soil and fields were visualized using the same technique. Following a limited analysis, it was found that the stress in the soil can be crudely approximated as the stress in a linear elastic solid.
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26

Cavaglià, A. "Nonsemilinear one-dimensional PDEs : analysis of PT deformed models and numerical study of compactons." Thesis, City University London, 2015. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/13074/.

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This thesis is based on the work done during my PhD studies and is roughly divided in two independent parts. The first part consists of Chapters 1 and 2 and is based on the two papers Cavaglià et al. [2011] and Cavaglià & Fring [2012], concerning the complex PT-symmetric deformations of the KdV equation and of the inviscid Burgers equation, respectively. The second part of the thesis, comprising Chapters 3 and 4, contains a review and original numerical studies on the properties of certain quasilinear dispersive PDEs in one dimension with compacton solutions. The subjects treated in the two parts of this work are quite different, however a common theme, emphasised in the title of the thesis, is the occurrence of nonsemilinear PDEs. Such equations are characterised by the fact that the highest derivative enters the equation in a nonlinear fashion, and arise in the modeling of strongly nonlinear natural phenomena such as the breaking of waves, the formation of shocks and crests or the creation of liquid drops. Typically, nonsemilinear equations are associated to the development of singularities and non-analytic solutions. Many of the complex deformations considered in the first two chapters are nonsemilinear as a result of the PT deformation. This is also a crucial feature of the compacton-supporting equations considered in the second part of this work. This thesis is organized as follows. Chapter 1 contains an introduction to the field of PT-symmetric quantum and classical mechanics, motivating the study of PT-symmetric deformations of classical systems. Then, we review the contents of Cavaglià et al. [2011] where we explore travelling waves in two family of complex models obtained as PT-symmetric deformations of the KdV equation. We also illustrate with many examples the connection between the periodicity of orbits and their invariance under PTsymmetry. Chapter 2 is based on the paper Cavaglià & Fring [2012] on the PTsymmetric deformation of the inviscid Burgers equation introduced in Bender & Feinberg [2008]. The main original contribution of this chapter is to characterise precisely how the deformation affects the gradient catastrophe. We also point out some incorrect conclusions of the paper Bender & Feinberg [2008]. Chapter 3 contains a review on the properties of nonsemilinear dispersive PDEs in one space dimension, concentrating on the compacton solutions discovered in Rosenau & Hyman [1993]. After an introduction, we present some original numerical studies on the K(2, 2) and K(4, 4) equations. The emphasis is on illustrating the different type of phenomena exhibited by the solutions to these models. These numerical experiments confirm previous results on the properties of compacton-compacton collisions. Besides, we make some original observations, showing the development of a singularity in an initially smooth solution. In Chapter 4 , we consider an integrable compacton equation introduced by Rosenau in Rosenau [1996]. This equation has been previously studied numerically in an unpublished work by Hyman and Rosenau cited in Rosenau [2006]. We present an independent numerical study, confirming the claim of Rosenau [2006] that travelling compacton equations to this equation do not contribute to the initial value problem. Besides, we analyse the local conservation laws of this equation and show that most of them are violated by any solution having a compact, dynamically evolving support. We confirm numerically that such solutions, which had not been described before, do indeed exist. Finally, in Chapter 5 we present our conclusions and discuss open problems related to this work.
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27

Eroglu, Levent. "Modelling The Fresh Properties Of Self Compacting Concrete Utilizing Statistical Design Of Experiment Techniques." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12608124/index.pdf.

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Self compacting concrete (SCC) is first developed in Japan in the late 1980s in order to overcome the consolidation problems associated with the presence of congested reinforcement. It is also termed as a high performance concrete, as it can flow under its own weight and completely fill the formworks. As the fresh properties of SCC are quite important, mix design of a SCC is performed by considering various workability related fresh properties. Therefore, a well designed SCC should satisfy all requirements of a hardened concrete, besides its superior workability properties. The aim of this research is to assess the effects of some basic ingredients of SCC on the fresh properties of SCC. This will be performed by applying design of experiment techniques and obtaining significant statistical models, which will give valuable information about the effects of the model parameters on the rheology and fresh state characteristics of SCC. In this research program, four different variables<br>use of fly ash replacement, use of high range water reducing admixture (HRWRA), use of viscosity modifying admixtures (VMA) and water-cementitious material ratio, are considered as the variables of the experimental design. Central Composite Design (CCD), a design of experiment technique, is employed throughout the experimental program and a total of 21 mixtures of concrete are cast. Slump flow, V-funnel, L-box, sieve segregation, initial and final setting time tests are performed, furthermore<br>to investigate the effects of these variables to the rheology of SCC, relative plastic viscosity and relative yield stress, which are the parameters of Bingham Model are measured with the help of a concrete rheometer. As a result of the experimental program, the fresh state properties of SCC are expressed by mathematical equations. Those equations are then used in order to explain the effects of fly ash replacement, HRWRA and VMA concentration, and the w/cm ratio on the fresh state properties of SCC. According to the derived models, it is stated that the water-cementitious material ratio of the concrete mixture is the most effective parameter on the flowability and passing ability of SCC beside the other parameters utilized in this research as its coefficient was the highest in the related models.
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28

Mizzon, Hugau. "The magmatic crust of Vesta." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30124/document.

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Les astéroïdes Cérès et Vesta ont motivé la mission spatiale Dawn parce qu'ils représentent deux embryons planétaires différents restés relativement intacts depuis leur formation. Vesta est large- ment considéré comme le corps parent des météorites HED témoins d'une activité magmatique probablement due à la présence de l'isotope radioactif 26Al qui était suffisamment abondant pour permettre la fusion interne des corps rocheux primitifs. La composition d'une surface planétaire peut être mesurée grâce à l'analyse des rayons gammas qu'elle produit. Pour la sonde Dawn cela est rendu possible par l'instrument GRaND et la scintillation d'un cristal de BGO. Cette thèse présente l'analyse des spectres gammas de Vesta par deux outils de séparation aveugle de source: l'analyse en composantes indépendantes (ICA) et la factorisation en matrice non-négative (NMF). Ces méthodes sont aussi appliquées à un jeu de données lunaire comparable et déjà bien interprété. Des spectres synthétiques lunaires permettent de tester ICA et NMF. La séparation de spectres élémentaires s'avère délicate même si on peut distinguer les éléments K, Th et Fe en raison des propriétés statistiques de leur signaux sources plus favorables. On mesure la sensibilité d'ICA-NMF à la variabilité chimique de la surface pour des Lunes artificielles, ce qui permet d'expliquer l'absence de séparation d'un signal élémentaire clair dans le cas de Vesta. Malgré les observations de la sonde Dawn et le nombre important d'informations fournies par les HED, il n'y a pas de consensus sur la formation des HED. On met souvent en avant l'existence d'un océan magmatique global sur Vesta, alors que la migration de la principale source chaleur, contenue dans le premier minéral fondu, le plagioclase, ne permet pas la fusion totale. On met en oeuvre un modèle de migration des magmas, basé sur les équations de la compaction. On adapte ce modèle en utilisant un diagramme d'équilibre de phase olivine-anorthite-quartz. Cela permet de calculer l'évolution de la minéralogie en fonction du temps et de la profondeur. Les résultats montrent que les eucrites et les diogénites pourraient être une caractéristique commune des gros corps accrétés tôt dans l'histoire du système solaire<br>Asteroids Vesta and Ceres motivated the space mission Dawn because they represent two different planetary embryos that remained relatively intact since their formation. Vesta is broadly considered as the parent body of the HED meteorites suite that are witnesses of a magmatic activity probably due to the presence of the radioactive isotope 26 Al which was present in significant amount to cause internal melting of primitive rocky bodies. The composition of a planetary surface can be quantified through the analysis of the gamma rays it produces. This is made possible for the Dawn spacecraft by the instrument GRaND and the scintillation of a BGO crystal. This thesis presents the analysis of gamma ray spectra from Vesta by two blind source separation methods: the independent component analysis and the non negative matrix factorization. These methods are also applied to an equivalent lunar dataset already well interpreted. Lunar synthetic spectra are used to test ICA and NMF. The separation of elementary spectra is delicate although K, Th and Fe can be discriminated due to the more favorable statistical properties of their source signals. The sensitivity of separation to the chemical variability is assessed based on artificial lunar spectra, which allows to explain the lack of separation of a clear elemental signal in the case of Vesta. Despite the observations of Dawn and the important collection of HED data, there is no consensus on the conditions of the vestan magmatism. A global magma ocean is often put forward, whereas the migration of the heat source, contained in the easiest mineral to melt, plagioclase, does not allow it. A model of melt migration is implemented, based on two-phase flow equations. This model is combined with the olivine-anorthite-quartz equilibrium phase diagram. This allows to predict the mineralogy as a function of depth and time. Results obtained show that eucrites and diogenites may be a common feature of large bodies accreted early in solar system history
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BALCÁZAR, Nicolas Lozano. "Avaliação da compactação do solo sob tráfego de veículos na colheita da cana-de-açúcar utilizando o modelo SoilFlex." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2011. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5659.

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Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2016-10-11T12:25:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Nicolas Lozano Balcasar.pdf: 3190624 bytes, checksum: fa470a83d1425b9f802e5bfefe346168 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-11T12:25:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nicolas Lozano Balcasar.pdf: 3190624 bytes, checksum: fa470a83d1425b9f802e5bfefe346168 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-21<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>Nowadays, heavy vehicle traffic occurs during sugarcane harvesting increasing the risk of soil compaction. Research in this field had deeply improve the knowledge of the compaction process but still there is a need in developing field management plans based on research to guarantee the sustainability of agricultural soils submitted to traffic. Focusing in understanding the soil compaction phenomenon in agricultural soils and, with the aim of preventing it from occurring, researchers developed pseudo-analytic models (O’Sullivan et al., 1999; Keller et al., 2007; Schjønning et al., 2008) based on the previous work of Boussinesq (1885), Fröhlich (1934) and Söhne (1953). Keller & Lamandé (2010) explain that importance of developing and using pseudo-analytical models is that they are simple to use and the inputs are easy to acquire by the user. These models are then important tools for the soil compaction analysis and prediction after on field traffic under different soil humidity, wheel loads, type of tires, contact area and inflation pressure. The objective of this study was to model possible canaries of soil conditions and vehicle traffic to evaluate soil compaction using the pseudo analytical model SoilFlex. The area of study corresponds to an area of 120 x 120 m whit an Argissolo Coesso soil. Undeformed soil samples were taken at 0-0.1; 0.1-0.2; 0.2-0.3 e 0.3-0.4 m to determine soil bulk density and from those results 5 bulk density canaries were constructed, each one simulated with 4 possible water contents. The vehicles used in the traffic simulations during harvest were a heavy duty Truck and a sugarcane Trailer hauled by a Tractor. It was determined from the analysis of soil bulk density variation and stresses transmitted to the soil after traffic,obtained with SoilFlex, that the heavy duty Truck and the hauled Tractor generate soil compaction beyond the 0.2 m of depth when the initial bulk density was 1.3:1.4 and 1.5 g cm⁻³. Cone index analysis showed that the area is a critical compaction level in the 0-0.2 cm layer.<br>Atualmente, a colheita da cana-de-açúcar conduz o tráfego de veículos a área plantada, o que incrementa o risco de compactar o solo. Embora os efeitos do tráfego de máquinas agrícolas nas propriedades físicas do solo têm sido bastante pesquisados nos últimos anos, ainda falta desenvolver planos de manejo para não comprometer a sustentabilidade dos solos agrícolas que se encontram em risco de compactação. Com a finalidade de compreender e prevenir na prática a compactação dos solos agrícolas, vários pesquisadores têm desenvolvido modelos pseudo-analíticos (O’Sullivan et al., 1999; Keller et al., 2007; Schjønning et al., 2008) baseados no trabalho de propagação de tensões no solo desenvolvidos por Boussinesq (1885), Fröhlich (1934) e Söhne (1953). Keller & Lamandé (2010) explicam que a importância do desenvolvimento e uso de modelos analíticos de compactação reside na simplicidade de usar e os dados requeridos são facilmente adquiridos pelo usuário. Portanto, esses modelos convertem-se em ferramentas de análise para predizer com relativa precisão os efeitos do tráfego de maquinário sob diferentes condições de densidade, umidade, carga por roda, tipo de pneus, área de contato e pressão de insuflagem. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi modelar cenários de densidade e umidade do solo para analisar o processo de compactação de um Argissolo Coeso de tabuleiro costeiro, cultivado com cana-de-açúcar após o tráfego de veículos de colheita, utilizando o modelo pseudo-analítico SoilFlex, assim como estabelecer o estado de compactação do solo através da análise da resistência mecânica à penetração. Foram coletadas amostras indeformadas de solo por meio de anel volumétrico, nas profundidades 0-0,1; 0,1-0,2;0,2-0,3 e 0,3-0,4 m, numa área de 120 x 120 m. Partindo desses dados, foram desenhados 5 cenários de densidade do solo, cada um deles com possíveis 4 condições de umidade. Em cada cenário foi modelada a passagem de um Caminhão, de um conjunto Trator-Reboque e de um conjunto Caminhão-Reboque; veículos utilizados nas operações de colheita. Da análise da variação da densidade do solo e das tensões transmitidas ao solo pelos veículos, obtidas com o SoilFlex, pôde-se concluir que tanto o Caminhão quanto o Trator-Reboque compactam o solo além dos 0,2 m de profundidade, quando a densidade inicial foi 1,3:1,4 e 1,5 g cm⁻³.O ensaio de resistência mecânica à penetração mostrou que o estado de compactação do solo da camada de 0-20 cm é crítico.
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30

Wenzel-Bartens, Julia. "Development of Urban Tree Growth Models Based on Site and Soil Characteristics." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29625.

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Trees provide numerous benefits crucial to urban environments, yet poor growing conditions often prevent trees from reaching their genetic potential for growth, longevity, and ecosystem function. To overcome these limitations, greater understanding of tree growth in the urban environment is needed. The goal of this research project was therefore to characterize a broad suite of soil characteristics associated with urban tree plantings and evaluate their suitability for modeling physical dimensions and growth rates of urban trees. A series of observational studies and experiments was conducted on urban soils inhabited by two tree species (Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Mikano and Quercus phellos L.) in Washington, DC and one tree species (Quercus virginiana Mill.) in Jacksonville, FL – two major metropolitan areas of the eastern United States with contrasting climate and soils. Characterization of urban soil attributes within cities revealed low variability for some properties (soil texture, pH, and certain plant nutrients with coefficients of variation (CV) below 0.5), but high variability (CV>1.0) for others (nitrate, ammonium, copper, and zinc). This is dependent on the location. These findings suggest that tree planting site evaluations may not require measurements for all soil properties and that representative sampling may be sufficient to accurately characterize most soil properties within a city. Field assessment of urban tree soils also revealed that conventional measures of soil compaction are difficult to obtain due to obstructions by roots and other foreign objects. To address the critical need for efficient and reliable assessment of soil compaction around urban trees, an experiment was conducted to develop bulk density estimation models for four common soil texture classes using soil strength and soil moisture as predictor variables. These models provided medium (0.42) to high (0.85) coefficients of determination when volumetric water content (VWC) was log transformed, demonstrating that measurements of soil texture, strength, and moisture can provide rapid, reliable assessment of soil compaction. Tree growth modeling focused on three response variables: canopy projection (CP), canopy volume (CV), and peak-increment-area age (PIA). To calculate PIA, tree-ring analysis was used to determine the age at which maximal trunk diameter growth occurred between transplanting and time of sampling. Because Q. virginiana has difficult-to-distinguish growth rings, an intensive tree-ring analysis of cores collected from these trees was conducted. The analysis revealed interseries correlation coefficients of up to 0.66, demonstrating that Q. virginiana can be aged with fairly high confidence in an urban setting. Empirical models developed for all three tree species using the suite of soil and site variables explained 25% – 83% of the observed variability in tree physical dimensions and growth rates. Soil pH was found to be a significant predictor variable for the majority of growth models along with nutrients such as Fe, B, Mn, and Zn, which are also associated with soil alkalinity. Models for PIA possessed the highest coefficient of determination, suggesting that measurements of soil conditions can be used confidently to predict the age at which growth rate subsides in these species. CV and CP were not predicted as well by soil-related variables, presumably because above-ground constraints such as pruning and building encroachment can affect canopy size without necessarily affecting growth rate. Certain prediction models for all three species included predictor variables with counterintuitive influences on tree growth (e.g., negative influences of soil depth on Q. phellos and soil volume on Q. virginiana), suggesting that either these urban trees are responding to these variables in a novel manner or that variables unaccounted for in these models (perhaps related to urbanization or high vehicular traffic) are concomitantly influencing tree growth.<br>Ph. D.
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31

Moufarej, Abou Jaoude Marie-Thérèse. "Caractérisation, prédiction, et modélisation de l'émission des poussières par les poudres." Compiègne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012COMP2025.

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L'empoussièrement est une problématique qui prend une place de plus en plus Importante auprès des industriels. Cela peut causer des risques à différents niveaux : sanitaire, hygiénique, sécurité des procédés industriels et économique. Dans ce contexte, notre projet s'intéresse tant à l'étude expérimentale qu'à la modélisation du processus de l'émanation des poussières par les poudres. L'objectif principal est de proposer des méthodes adaptées à l'étude de l'émission des poussières lors de la manipulation des poudres afin de mieux comprendre leurs origines et les mécanismes mis en jeu. Nous avons choisi de nous concentrer sur le test de fluidisation en le combinant soit à un modèle phénoménologique de prédiction de poussières soit à une énergie mécanique par agitation. Une analyse bibliographique nous a permis de montrer que les phénomènes d'élutriation et d'entraînement sont responsables de la quantification de la poussière dans le test de fluidisation. La limite de cette méthode est d'être non directe, longue en durée d'analyse avec de nombreuses prises de mesures, et demandant des connaissances en modélisation. Pour cela, nous avons élaboré un autre test basé sur la fluidisation combinée à l'agitation en utilisant comme outil un rhéomètre à poudre (FT4) dont l'originalité est de réaliser une fluidisation accompagnée d'un passage d'une pale à géométrie torsadée effectuant un mouvement hélicoïdal. La pale a permis d'aérer plus le mélange et d'ajouter de nouvelles contraintes de cisaillement et de compaction. Ce test a permis de réduire le temps nécessaire à 90 minutes avec une prédiction d'environ 80% de la poussière présente dans un mélange<br>The dust emission is a problem that is becoming increasingly important to manufacturers. This can cause various risks at levels : health, hygiene, safety of industrial and economies. Our project focuses on experimentally studying the powder dust emission process as well as modeling it. The main objective is to provide suitable methods for the study of dust emission during powder handling to better understand their origins and the involved mechanisms. We chose to focus on the fluidization test either by combining it to a phenomenological model prediction either by stirring for the addition of a mechanical energy. A literature review has showed that the elutriation processes are responsible for the dust quantification in the fluidizing test. This method is limited because it is not to direct, takes long lime analysis and asks for a modeling knowledge. Therefore, we developed another test based on the combination of the fluidization and the stirring using a powder rheometer (FT4) which originality is the use of a twisted blade with a helical movement. The blade permits to aerate the mixture and adds more shearing and compaction. This test has reduced the time of analysis to 90 minutes with a prediction of 80% of the dust in a mixture
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32

Rosa, Victor Jorge Lima Galvão. "Estudo do comportamento caótico e determinação de dimensão fractal em modelos pré-inflacionários não compactos." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3790.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>O caos determinístico é um dos aspectos mais interessantes no que diz respeito à teoria moderna dos sistemas dinâmicos, e está intrinsecamente associado a pequenas variações nas condições iniciais de um dado modelo. Neste trabalho, é feito um estudo acerca do comportamento caótico em dois casos específicos. Primeiramente, estudam-se modelos préinflacionários não-compactos de Friedmann-Robertson-Walker com campo escalar minimamente acoplado e, em seguida, modelos anisotrópicos de Bianchi IX. Em ambos os casos, o componente material é um fluido perfeito. Tais modelos possuem constante cosmológica e podem ser estudados através de uma descrição unificada, a partir de transformações de variáveis convenientes. Estes sistemas possuem estruturas similares no espaço de fases, denominadas centros-sela, que fazem com que as soluções estejam contidas em hipersuperfícies cuja topologia é cilíndrica. Estas estruturas dominam a relação entre colapso e escape para a inflação, que podem ser tratadas como bacias cuja fronteira pode ser fractal, e que podem ser associadas a uma estrutura denominada repulsor estranho. Utilizando o método de contagem de caixas, são calculadas as dimensões características das fronteiras nos modelos, o que envolve técnicas e algoritmos de computação numérica, e tal método permite estudar o escape caótico para a inflação.<br>Deterministic chaos is the most interesting aspect with regard to the modern theory of dynamical systems, and is intrinsically associated with small changes in initial conditions of a given model. This paper is a study about the chaotic behavior in two specific cases. First, we study non compact pre-inflationary FRW models with a minimally coupled scalar field, and then anisotropic models of Bianchi IX. In both cases the material component is a perfect fluid. Such models have a cosmological constant and can be studied via a unified description using suitable transformations of variables. These systems have similar structures in phase space, called saddle-centers, which make the solutions to be contained in hypersurfaces whose topology is cylindrical. These structures dominate the relationship between collapse and escape to inflation, which can be treated as basins whose boundary can be fractal, and can be associated with a structure called a strange repeller. Using the boxcounting method, which involves methods and algorithms for numerical computation, we calculate the characteristic dimension of their sets. This method allows to study the chaotic escape to inflation.
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33

Al-Riffai, Mahmoud. "Experimental Study of Breach Mechanics in Overtopped Noncohesive Earthen Embankments." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31505.

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A comprehensive experimental program dealing with three-dimensional overtopping and breach development as well as two-dimensional overtopping physical tests of noncohesive earth embankments has been conducted on scale models in the Hydraulic Laboratory at the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Ottawa. The experimental program which consisted of three phases focused on geotechnical and hydraulic aspects of the embankment breach mechanism. The first two phases focused on two test series for the three-dimensional breach overtopping tests: drainage and compaction. The test series were designed to determine the embankment breach characteristics using test parameters which have not been adequately identified or controlled in past noncohesive physical models: initial soil-water state and optimum dry unit weight. Both parameters were controlled in laboratory tests by means of compaction effort and seepage through the embankment body, respectively. The dynamic compaction technique employed in the preliminary experimental phase was refined to represent a more realistic method. A novel method was thus designed to simulate the construction of a real-size prototype embankment, where a vibratory and static load was used to apply and control, respectively, the compaction effort. The hydraulic aspects of the embankment breach mechanism were also investigated. For the first time, scale series tests have been used to assess the Froude criterion using tilted and quasi-exact geometric scales under very low inflow within the scope of three-dimensional breach overtopping. Data measurements included a time-history of water surface levels and video footage captured from three locations: upstream, downstream and above the embankment models. The analysis for the spatial breach overtopping tests involved measurement of the breach outflow hydrograph and breach channel evolution at the upstream slope, using hydrologic routing and a developed photogrammetric technique using the video footage, respectively. An expression which estimates the breach outflow based on this apparent upstream control section was therefore derived. The relationship between the measured and estimated breach outflow was expressed in terms of breach discharge efficiency. The third phase of the experimental program was comprised of two-dimensional overtopping tests to investigate the erodibility of a steep slope in overtopped noncohesive embankment models. A novel experimental two-dimensional configuration used to measure the pore-water-pressures within the embankment model body was developed using micro and standard tensiometer-transducer-probe assemblies, designed, assembled and tested at the Geotechnical Engineering Laboratory. A transient flownet analysis was developed using ArcGIS and the time-history of the pore-water-pressure measurements. All flow parameters were computed using the free water surface and bed profiles captured using a photogrammetric technique and the developed hydrologic routing method. Using the one-dimensional Saint-Venant equations, an analytical expression for the bed shear stress was derived to take into account the effects of unsteady flow, boundary seepage and steep slopes. Using the measured erosion rates and the sediment continuity principle, the bed mobility relationship expressed by the Shields and transport parameters was revisited to account for the effects of unsteady and supercritical flow on a downstream steep slope in the presence of boundary seepage. This novel transient flownet approach will lead to the development of new sediment mobility relationships for breach flows, instead of the classical sediment transport-capacity formulations which are based on steady, subcritical and normal flow conditions.
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34

Silva, Paulo Esteves de Almeida. "Modelo para a predição da proporção dos combustíveis que alimentam um motor de três cilindros em um veículo compacto." Escola Politécnica, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 2018. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/27625.

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Submitted by Paulo Silva (p.esteves06@gmail.com) on 2018-10-03T15:39:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Paulo Esteves - Versão final corrigida.pdf: 7722568 bytes, checksum: 6a50645639458024d5397cd5bdc9fa38 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Escola Politécnica Biblioteca (biengproc@ufba.br) on 2018-10-05T10:51:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Paulo Esteves - Versão final corrigida.pdf: 7722568 bytes, checksum: 6a50645639458024d5397cd5bdc9fa38 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-05T10:51:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Paulo Esteves - Versão final corrigida.pdf: 7722568 bytes, checksum: 6a50645639458024d5397cd5bdc9fa38 (MD5)<br>FAPESB<br>Com a busca da eficiência energética nos veículos automotivos, levando-se em conta a necessidade de minimizar o impacto ambiental decorrente do uso desses veículos, os recentes esforços para melhorar os sistemas de controle da queima do combustível tornaram-se uma estratégia de destaque no mercado automotivo. O objetivo deste trabalho é o desenvolvimento de modelos para realização da predição da proporção de etanol presente em uma mistura de combustíveis utilizada em um veículo flex equipado com um motor de três cilindros. Os modelos são desenvolvidos com a utilização das informações de variáveis provenientes de medições realizadas pelo sistema de controle de um motor de três cilindros e por um acelerômetro tridimensional acoplado ao motor. É descrita a metodologia experimental aplicada para a aquisição dos sinais provenientes da operação de um motor de três cilindros, instalado em um veículo de passeio. Os sinais adquiridos foram tratados e utilizados em modelos baseados em estruturas de Regressão Linear Múltipla e Redes Neurais Artificiais para a predição da proporção em volume de etanol da mistura de combustíveis utilizada. Os modelos se mostraram eficientes na predição da proporção de etanol no combustível utilizado pelo motor, apresentando uma melhor aproximação entre os valores preditos e os valores reais quando comparados com os dados fornecidos pelo sistema de controle do motor.<br>With the pursuit of energy efficiency in automotive vehicles, taking into account the need to minimize the environmental impact of the use of these vehicles, recent efforts to improve fuel combustion control systems have become a prominent strategy in the automotive industry. The aim of this work is the development of models for prediction of the proportion of ethanol present in a fuel blend used in a flex vehicle equipped with a three-cylinder engine. The models are developed with the use of the information based on measurements made by the control system of a three-cylinder engine and a threedimensional accelerometer coupled to the engine. The experimental methodology applied for the signal acquisition from the operation of a three-cylinder engine, installed in a passenger vehicle, is described. The acquired signals were treated and used in models based on Multiple Linear Regression and Artificial Neural Networks for the prediction of the ethanol volume ratio on the fuel blend. The models proved to be efficient in predicting the proportion of ethanol in the fuel blend, presenting a better approximation between the predicted values and the actual values when compared with the data provided by the engine control system.
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35

Jason, Peter. "Comparisons between classical and quantum mechanical nonlinear lattice models." Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Teoretisk Fysik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-105817.

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In the mid-1920s, the great Albert Einstein proposed that at extremely low temperatures, a gas of bosonic particles will enter a new phase where a large fraction of them occupy the same quantum state. This state would bring many of the peculiar features of quantum mechanics, previously reserved for small samples consisting only of a few atoms or molecules, up to a macroscopic scale. This is what we today call a Bose-Einstein condensate. It would take physicists almost 70 years to realize Einstein's idea, but in 1995 this was finally achieved. The research on Bose-Einstein condensates has since taken many directions, one of the most exciting being to study their behavior when they are placed in optical lattices generated by laser beams. This has already produced a number of fascinating results, but it has also proven to be an ideal test-ground for predictions from certain nonlinear lattice models. Because on the other hand, nonlinear science, the study of generic nonlinear phenomena, has in the last half century grown out to a research field in its own right, influencing almost all areas of science and physics. Nonlinear localization is one of these phenomena, where localized structures, such as solitons and discrete breathers, can appear even in translationally invariant systems. Another one is the (in)famous chaos, where deterministic systems can be so sensitive to perturbations that they in practice become completely unpredictable. Related to this is the study of different types of instabilities; what their behavior are and how they arise. In this thesis we compare classical and quantum mechanical nonlinear lattice models which can be applied to BECs in optical lattices, and also examine how classical nonlinear concepts, such as localization, chaos and instabilities, can be transfered to the quantum world.
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36

Pivnička, Martin. "Uživatelské měřicí moduly pro platformu cRIO." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221294.

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This thesis describes design and manufacture of measuring and communication modules for CompactRIO platform. In the first section is described platform from National Instrument suitable for measurement and control technology. There is written more fact about CompactRIO. The second part is focused on description of the hardware requirements needed to construct the module, communication and working modes. The third part describes information about support programs. At the end of third part is describes practical application of input digital card. Next section consists of practical proposal modules (input / output analog module, GPS modulu) and achievements.
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37

Souza, Natallie Zilio de [UNESP]. "Análise experimental e desenvolvimento de um modelo numérico simplificado para um trocador de calor compacto para resfriamento de componentes eletrônicos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/111079.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-02T11:16:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-03-10Bitstream added on 2014-12-02T11:20:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000797382.pdf: 2042309 bytes, checksum: ae6e9091dff6b072d9e11c3e2cbc5e5d (MD5)<br>Este trabalho apresenta uma modelagem para um trocador de calor que opera através da ebulição de um fluido de trabalho, objetivando analisar a distribuição de temperatura quando utilizado em conjunto nos sistemas eletrônicos, visto que os componentes eletrônicos estão cada vez menores e dissipando muito mais calor. O trocador de calor estudado é conhecido como vapor chamber. Uma análise numérica utilizando um modelo simplificado de condutividades térmicas é realizada. Este modelo é criado para ser utilizado no software ANSYS FLUENT®. A vapor chamber é representada por vários blocos, cada um com uma condutividade térmica efetiva, e a contribuição de cada bloco na transferência de calor total é investigada. Uma vez que o desempenho térmico global depende da condutividade térmica de cada bloco, a avaliação pode dizer quais blocos contribuem para uma melhor eficiência na troca de calor. Os experimentos fornecem os dados necessários para serem inseridos no modelo numérico e, desta forma, o perfil de temperatura pode ser encontrado. Este modelo é adequado para a monitorização de problemas que envolvem falhas em componentes eletrônicos devido à alta temperatura<br>This work presents a modeling for a heat exchanger that operates through the boiling of a working fluid, aiming to analyze the temperature distribution when used together in electronic systems, since the electronic components are getting smaller and dissipating more heat. The heat exchanger studied is known as vapor chamber. A numerical analysis using a simplified model of thermal conductivities is performed. This model is created to be used in ANSYS FLUENT® software. The vapor chamber is represented by several blocks, each with effective thermal conductivity, and the contribution of each block in the total heat transfer is investigated. Since overall thermal performance depends on the thermal conductivity of each block, an evaluation can tell which blocks contribute for better efficiency in heat exchange. The experiments provide the necessary data to be inserted in the numerical model, so that, the temperature profile can be found. This model is adequate for monitoring of problems that involve failures in electronic components due to high temperature
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38

Souza, Natallie Zilio de. "Análise experimental e desenvolvimento de um modelo numérico simplificado para um trocador de calor compacto para resfriamento de componentes eletrônicos /." Ilha Solteira, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/111079.

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Orientador: João Batista Campos Silva<br>Co-orientador: Márcio Antonio Bazani<br>Co-orientador: Amarildo Tabone Paschoalini<br>Banca: Ricardo Alan Verdú Ramos<br>Banca: Marcio Higa<br>Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta uma modelagem para um trocador de calor que opera através da ebulição de um fluido de trabalho, objetivando analisar a distribuição de temperatura quando utilizado em conjunto nos sistemas eletrônicos, visto que os componentes eletrônicos estão cada vez menores e dissipando muito mais calor. O trocador de calor estudado é conhecido como vapor chamber. Uma análise numérica utilizando um modelo simplificado de condutividades térmicas é realizada. Este modelo é criado para ser utilizado no software ANSYS FLUENT®. A vapor chamber é representada por vários blocos, cada um com uma condutividade térmica efetiva, e a contribuição de cada bloco na transferência de calor total é investigada. Uma vez que o desempenho térmico global depende da condutividade térmica de cada bloco, a avaliação pode dizer quais blocos contribuem para uma melhor eficiência na troca de calor. Os experimentos fornecem os dados necessários para serem inseridos no modelo numérico e, desta forma, o perfil de temperatura pode ser encontrado. Este modelo é adequado para a monitorização de problemas que envolvem falhas em componentes eletrônicos devido à alta temperatura<br>Abstract: This work presents a modeling for a heat exchanger that operates through the boiling of a working fluid, aiming to analyze the temperature distribution when used together in electronic systems, since the electronic components are getting smaller and dissipating more heat. The heat exchanger studied is known as vapor chamber. A numerical analysis using a simplified model of thermal conductivities is performed. This model is created to be used in ANSYS FLUENT® software. The vapor chamber is represented by several blocks, each with effective thermal conductivity, and the contribution of each block in the total heat transfer is investigated. Since overall thermal performance depends on the thermal conductivity of each block, an evaluation can tell which blocks contribute for better efficiency in heat exchange. The experiments provide the necessary data to be inserted in the numerical model, so that, the temperature profile can be found. This model is adequate for monitoring of problems that involve failures in electronic components due to high temperature<br>Mestre
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39

Cunha, Rosâni Kucarz da. "Estado e educação : a plataforma Lattes como um modelo compacto do dispositivo disciplinar / Rosâni Kucarz da Cunha ; orientador, Antonio Edmilson Paschoal." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_PR, 2003. http://www.biblioteca.pucpr.br/tede/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=908.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, 2003<br>Inclui bibliografias<br>Este trabalho tem por objetivo apontar as semelhanças entre a relação poder-saber presente no panoptismo próprio da sociedade disciplinar analisada por Michel Foucault, e, o formulário eletrônico (Plataforma Lattes) do MCT, do CNPq, da Finep e da CAPES/ME<br>This work aims point out the similarities between the know/power relationship in disciplinary society# panoptism analyzed by Michel Foucault, and electronic report (Lattes Platform) of MCT, CNPq, Finep and CAPES/MEC to the researcher#s cadastre and users
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40

Benedetti, Arnaud. "Ecoulement des milieux granulaires cohésifs soumis à des vibrations." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4717/document.

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Nous nous intéressons à l'écoulement de milieux granulaires cohésifs soumis à des vibrations horizontales en vue d'une application au remplissage des moules de presse. L'effet des vibrations est analysé pour un grain ou un milieu granulaire déposé sur un plan incliné et un milieu granulaire contenu dans une conduite verticale de section constante. Pour un grain polyédrique, trois régimes sont identifiés : stick, stick-slip et slip. Un modèle basé sur le bilan des forces appliquées à un grain a permis de préciser les limites de ces trois domaines. La vitesse des grains tend vers une asymptote lorsque l'inclinaison est inférieure à 0,7 fois l'angle de frottement entre les grains et le plan. Par ailleurs, l'inertie du grain conduit à une réduction de l'amplitude de son oscillation lorsque l'accélération augmente. La comparaison modèle-expérience permet d'estimer le coefficient de frottement. Pour un milieu granulaire de faible épaisseur, nous retrouvons les mêmes tendances. Les milieux granulaires épais sont le lieu de forts cisaillements provoquant leur étalement très rapide. En conduite verticale, une compétition s'établit entre les déplacements horizontal et vertical des particules. Selon l'inertie, les vibrations appliquées pourront conduire soit à une dilatance soit à une compaction. Cette dernière provient du déplacement de la conduite et du milieu granulaire en sens opposé pendant une partie d'une période de vibration. Si le phénomène de compaction atteint le centre de la conduite, il se forme des arches qui bloquent l'écoulement. Les observations faites à l'échelle mésoscopique permettent d'interpréter les vitesses d'écoulement mesurées à l'échelle macroscopique<br>With the target to improve the feeding step during the moulding process, we study the flow of cohesive granular matter submitted to vibration. Vibration effects are first analyzed on the sliding motion of a single particle on inclined plane and also on granular matter sample deposited on an inclined plane or in a vertical funnel. For a single particle, three regimes are identified: stick, stick-slip and slip regimes. A simple model based on the movement equation of one grain allows to determinate the limits between the three regimes. The grain velocity reaches asymptote when the plane inclination is below 0.7 times the friction angle between the grain and the substrate. Otherwise, when the acceleration increases, the grain inertia leads to reduce the transverse amplitude of the grain oscillation motion. The comparison between experimental and numerical results allows to estimate a value for the friction coefficient parameter. For a granular sample, we find the same tendencies. Thick granular layers are submitted to high shear, causing a fast spreading. In vertical funnel, there is a competition between vertical and horizontal motions. Depending on granular inertia, submitted vibrations could lead to dilatancy due to the shear or lead to compaction. This compaction is due to an opposite motion direction between the sample and the funnel during one part of the period vibration. If the compaction reaches the center of the funnel, arches are formed and jammed the flow. Observations realized at mesoscopic scale allow to interpret flow velocities measured at macroscopic scale
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41

Zhang, Shulan. "Soil hydraulic properties and water balance under various soil management regimes on the Loess Plateau, China /." Umeå : Dept. of Forest Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/2005126.pdf.

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42

Wei, Liping. "Impacts des caractéristiques du peuplement et des cloisonnements sur la biodiversité floristique en forêt de plaine." Thesis, Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE2024/document.

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Le maintien ou l'amélioration de la biodiversité est un des objectifs importants de la gestion forestière durable. La flore du sous-bois, qui représente la partie la plus diversifiée de la flore dans les forêts tempérées, joue des rôles écologiques importants. Pourtant, elle pourrait être impactée par l'augmentation de la mécanisation de la gestion forestière. A l'échelle de la parcelle, nous avons étudié en forêt de Montargis les effets simples et combinés de caractéristiques du peuplement et de la surface en cloisonnement sur la diversité floristique du sous-bois (richesse et abondance). Les caractéristiques du peuplement (type de peuplement ou surface terrière des essences à étaient les meilleurs indicateurs de la diversité du sous-bois. La surface des cloisonnements avait un effet négligeable. A plus petite échelle – à l’intérieur du cloisonnement – nous avons étudié la réponse statistique de la diversité du sous-bois à la position dans ou hors du cloisonnement, à des facteurs micro-environnementaux (humidité du sol, compaction du sol, lumière) et aux caractéristiques du peuplement. A cette échelle, les meilleurs modèles incluaient pour les groupes écologiques la position par rapport au cloisonnement, l’humidité du sol et/ou la compaction du sol, selon le groupe écologique considéré. Au niveau espèce, la position par rapport au cloisonnement était le facteur dominant. Globalement, les cloisonnements avaient soit pas d’effet soit un impact positif sur la diversité floristique de sous-bois. Ces résultats ont dépendants du contexte écologique et historique de la forêt de Montargis. L’utilisation d’engins plus lourds ou des passages répétés sur une plus longue période pourraient changer ces conclusions<br>Maintaining or improving biodiversity is an important goal of sustainable forest management.Ground flora, which is responsible for most floristic diversity in temperate forests, plays multiple important roles in biodiversity but may be impacted by the increasing mechanisation of forest practices. At stand scale, we investigated in Montargis forest the individual and combined effects of tree stand attributes and skid trail area on ground flora diversity. Tree stand attributes (stand type or basal area) were the best indicators of ground flora diversity, depending on the successional traits or light preference of the species group. The effects of skid trail area were negligible. At finer scale, we studied plant response to skid trail disturbance (represented by subplot on and off skid trails), micro-environmental factors (soil moisture, soil compaction, light) and stand attribute (stand type, basal area). The best models for ecological groups included subplot location, soil moisture or soil compaction, depending on which ecological groups (classified by life form, seed bank persistence, light and moisture requirements) the species belonged to. Stand type as a covariate played a significantly important role in fine-scale diversity pattern. Subplot location was the dominant factor at species level. In conclusion, skid trails had either no impact or a positive impact on ground flora diversity. These results are dependent on the context of Montargis forest (ecological and historical), especially that mechanized harvesting is relatively recent. The employment of heavier machines and increased number of passages is likely to happen. This might induce greater soil compaction and negative effects on plant
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43

Fontaine, Fabrice J. "Modélisation des processus hydrothermaux et hydro-volcaniques : applications aux dorsales océaniques, au Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion) et à l'île de Milos (Grèce)." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30173.

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La présente thèse illustre de trois manières différentes la nature des processus hydrothermaux dans les roches volcaniques. Le travail s'appuie sur des modèles numériques multidimensionnels pour quantifier les transferts de chaleur et de masse. La première étude décrit la circulation hydrothermale dans les fractures à l'axe des dorsales océaniques et teste l'effet de la précipitation/dissolution (diagenèse) de minéraux sur la température de sortie des sources hydrothermales. La diagenèse colmate les fissures, et conduit à la formation de sources dont les températures sont faibles (< 80 oC). La formation de " fumeurs " (sources chaudes aux températures > 220 oC) est rendue possible lorsque l'activité sismique/volcanique de la dorsale reconstruit le réseau perméable détruit par la diagenèse. Une deuxième étude porte sur les circulations hydrothermales dans l'édifice volcanique du Piton de la Fournaise. Les données indiquent que des circulations hydrothermales se développent dans les fractures de roches denses enfouies sous l'édifice. . .
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44

Pumarica, Julio César Saldaña. "Projeto de modelos neurais pulsados em CMOS." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3142/tde-01032011-115940/.

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O presente trabalho descreve o projeto de modelos neurais pulsados em tecnologia CMOS. Foram projetados dois modelos: um neurônio baseado em condutâncias e um neurônio do tipo integra e dispara. O primeiro gera impulsos elétricos similares aos potenciais de ação gerados pelo neurônio biológico. Mediante simulação, foram observadas as seguintes características: disparo do impulso quando se atinge a tensão de limiar, hiperpolarização após o potencial de ação, retorno passivo à tensão de repouso, presença de período refratário e relação sigmoide entre a frequência de disparo e a intensidade do estímulo. Da mesma maneira, foi reproduzida a curva mínima duração x amplitude de estímulo típico dos neurônios biológicos. O segundo realiza a codificação de uma grandeza analógica na fase relativa dos impulsos elétricos gerados. Os impulsos gerados pelo circuito estão afastados em relação a um sinal periódico, em um intervalo que apresenta uma dependência logarítmica de uma corrente de entrada. John Hopfield propus esse tipo de codificação para explicar o reconhecimento de padrões com independência de escala, realizado pelo cérebro humano. No decorrer da pesquisa, foi necessário desenvolver algumas expressões analíticas para o projeto de circuitos de baixa frequência em CMOS, não encontradas na literatura estudada. As expressões estão baseadas na equação da corrente do transistor MOS proposta no modelo conhecido como Advanced Compact Mosfet (ACM). O projeto, implementação e testes de um transcondutor linearizado, e os resultados das simulações dos modelos neurais projetados, demonstram a validade das expressões desenvolvidas.<br>This work describes the design of pulsed neural models in CMOS technology. Two models were designed: a conductance based neuron and an integrate and fire neuron. The first generates electrical impulses similar to action potentials generated by the biological neuron. Through simulation, the following characteristics were observed: pulse trigger after reaching threshold voltage, hyperpolarization after the action potential, passive return to resting potential, presence of refractory period and sigmoid relationship between the firing rate and the stimulus intensity. Likewise, the curve minimal duration vs stimulus amplitude typical of biological neurons was reproduced. The second one performs the encoding of an analog input in the relative phase of electrical impulses. The impulses generated by the circuit are delayed with respect to a reference periodic signal, in a range that has a logarithmic dependence on an input current. John Hopfield proposed this type of encoding to explain the scale independent pattern recognition performed by the human brain. During the research, it was necessary to develop some analytical expressions for the design of low-frequency circuits in CMOS, not found in the literature studied. The expressions are based on the Advanced Compact MOSFET (ACM) model. The design, implementations and testing of a linearized transconductor, and the simulations results of the neural models designed, demonstrate the validity of the expressions developed.
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45

Horst, Fabian. "Compact DC Modeling of Tunnel-FETs." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668957.

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En l'última dècada, el transistor d'efecte de camp amb efecte túnel (TFET) ha guanyat molt interès i es maneja com un possible successor de la tecnologia MOSFET convencional. El transport de càrrega en un TFET es basa en el mecanisme de túnel de banda a banda (B2B) i, per tant, el pendent sub-llindar a temperatura ambient pot superar el límit de 60 mV / dec. Per descriure i analitzar el comportament del TFET en les simulacions de circuits, aquesta dissertació introdueix un model compacte de CC per TFET de doble comporta. L'enfocament de modelatge considera l'efecte túnel B2B amb l'efecte parasitari del corrent túnel assistida per trampes (TAT) en l'estat ON i ambipolar del TFET. Inclou un paquet d'equacions compactes per al potencial 2D per descriure el diagrama de banda del TFET. Basat en el diagrama de banda, el B2B i el corrent TAT es deriven per separat. Per fer-ho, primer es troba una expressió compacta per la llargada túnel, que després s'utilitza juntament amb un enfocament numèric robust de tipus Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) per calcular la probabilitat túnel. Després, usant l'equació de túnel de Landauer, la taxa de generació túnel es calcula i s'aproxima per arribar a una expressió de forma tancada per a la densitat de corrent. Amb una aproximació addicional de la densitat de corrent utilitzant una funció matemàtica, s'aconsegueixen expressions compactes per al túnel B2B resultant i el corrent TAT. La verificació del model es realitza amb l'ajuda de les dades de simulació TCAD Sentaurus per diverses configuracions de simulació. A més, la validesa del model es demostra mitjançant mesuraments de TFET complementaris fabricats. Per demostrar l'estabilitat numèrica i la continuïtat, així com la flexibilitat, es realitzen i analitzen simulacions de circuits lògics basats en TFET com un inversor d'una sola etapa o una cel·la SRAM. La combinació del model CC amb un model TFET AC permet una simulació transitòria d'un oscil·lador en anell de 11 etapes.<br>En la última década, el transistor de efecto de campo con efecto túnel (TFET) ha ganado mucho interés y se maneja como un posible sucesor de la tecnología MOSFET convencional. El transporte de carga en un TFET se basa en el mecanismo de túnel de banda a banda (B2B) y, por lo tanto, la pendiente sub-umbral a temperatura ambiente puede superar el límite de 60 mV / dec. Para describir y analizar el comportamiento del TFET en las simulaciones de circuitos, esta disertación introduce un modelo compacto de CC para TFET de doble compuerta. El enfoque de modelado considera el efecto túnel B2B con el efecto parasitario de la corriente túnel asistida por trampas (TAT) en el estado ON y AMBIPOLAR del TFET. Incluye un paquete de ecuaciones compactas del potencial 2D para describir el diagrama de banda del TFET. Basado en el diagrama de banda, el B2B y la corriente TAT se derivan por separado. Para hacerlo, primero se encuentra una expresión compacta para la longitud túnel, que luego se utiliza junto con un enfoque numérico robusto de tipo Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) para calcular la probabilidad túnel. Luego, usando la ecuación de túnel de Landauer, la tasa de generación túnel se calcula y aproxima para llegar a una expresión de forma cerrada para la densidad de corriente. Con una aproximación adicional de la densidad de corriente por una función matemática, se logran expresiones compactas para el túnel B2B resultante y la corriente TAT. La verificación del modelo se realiza con la ayuda de los datos de simulación TCAD Sentaurus para varias configuraciones de simulación. Además, la validez del modelo se demuestra mediante mediciones de TFET complementarios fabricados. Para demostrar la estabilidad numérica y la continuidad, así como la flexibilidad, se realizan y analizan simulaciones de circuitos lógicos basados en TFET como un inversor de una sola etapa o una celda SRAM. La combinación del modelo CC con un modelo TFET AC permite una simulación transitoria de un oscilador en anillo de 11 etapas.<br>In the last decade, the tunnel field-effect transistor (TFET) has gained a lot of interest and is handled as a possible successor of the conventional MOSFET technology. The current transport of a TFET is based on the band-to-band (B2B) tunneling mechanism and therefore, the subthreshold slope at room temperature can overcome the limit of 60 mV/dec. In order to describe and analyze the TFET behavior in circuit simulations, this dissertation introduces a compact DC model for double-gate TFETs. The modeling approach considers the B2B tunneling and the parasitic effect of trap-assisted tunneling (TAT) in the ON- and AMBIPOLAR-state of the TFET. It includes a 2D compact potential equation package to de-scribe the band diagram of the TFET. Based on the band diagram, the B2B tunneling and TAT current part are derived separately. In order to do so, firstly a compact expression for the tunneling length is found, which is then used together with a numerical robust Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) approach to calculate the tunneling probability. Afterwards, using Landauer’s tunneling equation, the tunneling generation rate is calculated and approximated to come to a closed-form expression for the current density. Further approximation of the current density by a mathematical function, compact expressions for the resulting B2B tun-neling and TAT current are achieved. The verification of the model is done with the help of TCAD Sentaurus simulation data for various simulation setups. Furthermore, the validity of the model is proven by measurements of fabricated complementary TFETs. In order to demonstrate the numerical stability and continuity as well as the flexibility, simulations of TFET-based logic circuits like a single-stage inverter or an SRAM cell are performed and analyzed. The combination of the DC model with an TFET AC model allows for a transient simulation of an 11-stage ring oscillator.
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46

Marques, Afonso Celso Moruzzi. "Compactação e compressibilidade de resíduos sólidos urbanos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18132/tde-07082007-162407/.

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Os objetivos desta pesquisa incluem: (i) estudar as características de compactação dos resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU); (ii) avaliar os mecanismos de compressão dos RSU e o efeito de sobrecarga (aterro experimental) em maciço sanitário existente; (iii) desenvolver programa computacional para previsão de recalques em aterros sanitários. Um aterro experimental com cerca de 24.400 \'M POT.3\' de RSU e altura de até 4 m, distribuído em área aproximada de 8.400 \'M POT.2\', foi construído em São Paulo para estudar os procedimentos de compactação de aterros sanitários. Ensaios in situ de grande dimensão foram executados para avaliar o peso específico do resíduo, após a compactação, em diferentes posições e camadas do experimento. Ensaios de umidade e composição dos resíduos foram realizados, assim como o levantamento das espessuras das camadas para cada etapa construtiva. O aterro experimental foi construído sobre aterro existente, criando a oportunidade para estudar a compressão do resíduo novo e antigo. Rigoroso programa de monitoração de recalques foi implantado, de forma que as deformações do aterro experimental pudessem ser isoladas das do aterro existente. Marcos superficiais foram posicionados interna e externamente à área do experimento, e placas de recalque instaladas na base do aterro experimental. O período de monitoramento envolveu cerca de 3 anos de medidas. A pesquisa resultou em: (i) novos subsídios e relações para a compactação dos RSU, incluindo as influências do equipamento de compactação, número de passadas, espessura das camadas, plano de compactação e teor de umidade, mostrando ser este último o parâmetro de maior impacto no processo de compactação; (ii) dados de peso específico e de sua relação com a profundidade, assim como do efeito da compactação na compressibilidade dos RSU e na geração de líquidos percolados em aterros sanitários; (iii) avaliação do desempenho de modelos de compressibilidade existentes na literatura; (iv) desenvolvimento de modelo compósito para compressibilidade dos RSU, considerando a compressão mecânica primária e secundária e a parcela devido a biodegradação dos resíduos; (v) desenvolvimento do programa MSWSET usando o modelo compósito para cálculo dos recalques de aterros como função do tempo. O modelo e programa desenvolvidos apresentaram elevado desempenho, constituindo importante ferramenta para previsão de recalques de aterros sanitários.<br>The objectives of this research were to: (i) study the compaction characteristics of municipal solid waste (MSW); (ii) evaluate the compression mechanisms of MSW and its response to a surcharge (waste test fill) over an existing landfill; (iii) develop a computer program for landfill settlement predictions. A waste test fill with a volume of about 24,400 \'M POT.3\' and a height up to 4 m, distributed over an area of approximately 8,400 \'M POT.2\', was constructed in Sao Paulo, to study compaction procedures for sanitary landfills. Large in situ tests were performed to evaluate the unit weight of waste immediately after compaction at several locations for each lift. Water content measurements and composition determinations were carried out, as well as thickness measurements of the waste layers after each construction (compaction) phase. The test fill was constructed over an existing landfill. Thus, the test fill provided opportunities to study the compression of the new and the old waste. A rigorous program of deformation monitoring was implemented in order to separate compression of the test fill from settlement of the underlying landfill. Benchmarks were located inside and outside of the experimental area, and settlement plates were installed at the bottom of the test fill. The monitoring period encompasses around 3 years of measurements. The research provided: (i) new guidelines and relationships for compaction of municipal solid waste, including the influences of compaction equipment, number of passes, lift thickness, water content, and compaction plane. The water content has presented larger response on the compaction process than the other variables; (ii) quantitative data regarding unit weight, the influence of depth on unit weight, water content, compressibility of MSW, and leachate generation; (iii) assessment of the performance of existing MSW compressibility models described in the literature; (iv) development of a composite model of MSW compressibility that considers primary compression, secondary mechanical compression, and compression from biodegradation; (v) development of the computer program MSWSET using the composite model of MSW compressibility to calculate landfill settlement as a function of time. The developed model and program has presented a high performance, being a powerful tool for landfill settlement prediction.
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47

Jakob, Markus Prüfer. "Compact DC Modelling of Short-Channel Effects in Organic Thin-Film Transistors." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673905.

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Els transistors orgànics de capa fina (TFT) són dispositius prometedors per a les pantalles flexibles de matriu activa i els conjunts de sensors, ja que poden fabricar-se a temperatures de procés relativament baixes i, per tant, no sols en vidre, sinó també en substrats polimèrics. Per a millorar el rendiment dinàmic dels dispositius i circuits TFT , una reducció agressiva de la longitud de canal provoca efectes extrínsecs en els dispositius que han de ser capturats per models compactes. Aquesta tesi presenta models analítics, basats en la física, de la degradació de la pendent subumbral, el roll-off del voltatge llindar i l'efecte DIBL en TFTs coplanars i escalonats que poden ser implementats en qualsevol model compacte de corrent continu arbitrari que estigui definit pel voltatge llindar i la pendent subumbral. Per tant, l'equació diferencial de Laplace es resol per a la geometria coplanar i escalonada aplicant la transformación Schwarz-Cristoffel. Les solucions del potencial serveixen de base per a la definició de les equacions del model. A més, es desenvolupen models compactes de les barreres Schottky dependents de la polarització en les interfícies font/semiconductor i drenador/semiconductor en els TFT coplanars i escalonats, que modelen la injecció i l'ejecció de portadors de càrrega, respectivament, com a corrent d'emissió termoiònica.<br>Los transistores orgánicos de capa fina (TFT) son dispositivos prometedores para las pantallas flexibles de matriz activa y los conjuntos de sensores, ya que pueden fabricarse a temperaturas de proceso relativamente bajas y, por tanto, no sólo en vidrio, sino también en sustratos poliméricos. Para mejorar el rendimiento dinámico de los dispositivos y circuitos TFT, una reducción agresiva de la longitud de los canales provoca efectos extrínsecos en los dispositivos que tienen que ser capturados por modelos compactos. Esta tesis presenta modelos analíticos, basados en la física, de la degradación de la pendiente subumbral, el roll-off del voltaje umbral y el efecto DIBL en TFTs coplanares y escalonados que pueden ser implementados en cualquier modelo compacto de corriente continua arbitrario que esté definido por el voltaje umbral y la pendiente subumbral. Por lo tanto, la ecuación diferencial de Laplace se resuelve para la geometría coplanar y escalonada aplicando la transformación Schwarz-Christoffel. Las soluciones del potencial sirven de base para la definición de las ecuaciones del modelo. Además, se desarrollan modelos compactos de las barreras Schottky dependientes de la polarización en las interfaces fuente/semiconductor y drenador/semiconductor en los TFT coplanares y escalonados, que modelan la inyección y la eyección de portadores de carga, respectivamente, como corriente de emisión termoiónica<br>Organic thin-film transistors (TFTs) are promising devices for flexible active-matrix displays and sensor arrays, since they can be fabricated at relatively low process temperatures and thus not only on glass, but also on polymeric substrates. In order to improve the dynamic TFT and circuit performance, an aggressive reduction of the channel length causes extrinsic de-vice effects that have to be captured by compact models. This dissertation presents analytical, physics-based models of the subthreshold-swing degra-dation, the thresholdvoltage roll-off and DIBL effects in coplanar and staggered TFTs that can be implemented in any arbitrary compact dc model that are defined by the threshold voltage and the subthreshold swing. Therefore, Laplace’s differential equation is solved for the coplanar and staggered geometry by applying the Schwarz-Christoffel transformation. The potential solutions serve as a basis for the definition of the model equations. Further-more, compact models of the biasdependent Schottky barriers at the source/semiconductor and drain/semiconductor interfaces in coplanar and staggered TFTs are derived, which model the charge carriers injection and ejection, respectively, as thermionic emission cur-rent. Thereby, in case of the source barrier, the Schottky barrier lowering effect due to im-age charges is captured and therefore, an analytical expression of the electric field at the source barrier is derived.
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48

Brunini, Silvia Aparecida. "Sobre as teorias de campos com métrica indefinida." Universidade de São Paulo, 1992. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43132/tde-03102012-162155/.

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Estudamos duas classes de teorias de campos com métrica indefinida: os modelos sigma não linear não-compactos e as teorias quárticas da gravitação. Mostramos que a prova da unitariedade para os modelos sigma de simetria não compacta é a mesma que para os modelos compactos nas regiões fisicamente relevantes. Além disso, analisamos a possibilidade de ocorrer geração dinâmica de massa nos modelos sigma sob influência de temperatura finita, em várias dimensões. No que se refere às teorias quárticas da gravitação, calculamos o valor esperado no vácuo da função de dois pontos com inserção da relação de Gauss-Bonnet. Encontramos que a identidade clássica não é preservada quando empregamos a regularização dimensional, mesmo num espaço sem singularidades. Isto revela o surgimento de anomalias gravitacionais<br>Two classes of field theories with indefinite metric are studied: noncompact nonlinear sigma models and higher-derivative quantum gravity. We show that the proof of unitarity for noncompact sigma models is the same as the one for compact models in the physically relevant regions. Moreover, we analyze the possibility of dynamical mass generation at finite temperature in various space-time dimensions. Concerning to the higher-derivative quantum gravity, we calculate the vacuum expectation value of the two-point function with the insertion of Gauss-Bonnet Relation. In the quantum context, we also show, using dimensional regularization, that the Gauss-Bonnet relation is not satisfied due to gravitational anomalies.
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49

FURRIEL, G. P. "Desenvolvimento e validação de aparelho automático para medição da compactação do solo." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/6443.

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Submitted by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2016-10-25T17:23:14Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação_Geovanne_Furriel - 2016.pdf: 10594556 bytes, checksum: e02146f1c9d65005e1bc2e584ca3d281 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2016-10-25T17:24:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação_Geovanne_Furriel - 2016.pdf: 10594556 bytes, checksum: e02146f1c9d65005e1bc2e584ca3d281 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-25T17:24:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação_Geovanne_Furriel - 2016.pdf: 10594556 bytes, checksum: e02146f1c9d65005e1bc2e584ca3d281 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-16<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>The purpose of this work is to present the development of automatic instrument for measuring soil compaction through penetration resistance. Commonly, this measurement is performed by load cells. In the proposed methodology and apparatus, the penetration resistance is directly measured by the current applied to the motor that performs penetration of the rod into the soil, thus replacing the load cell. The collected data are stored in Datalogger and further processed in order to enable analysis and the generation of maps of the surface with soil compaction values up to a certain depth. The presented results indicate greater precision and control of the fundamental parameters of data acquisition<br>O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar o desenvolvimento de aparelho automático para medição da compactação do solo através da resistência a penetração. Comumente, esta aferição é realizada por células de carga. Na metodologia e aparelho proposto, a resistência à penetração será medida diretamente pela corrente aplicada ao motor que realiza a penetração da haste no solo, em substituição da célula de carga. Os dados coletados são armazenados em Datalogger e posteriormente tratados de forma que possibilite a análise e a geração de mapas do terreno com valores da compactação do solo até determinada profundidade. Os resultados apresentados indicam maior precisão em relação ao método utilizado e controle sobre os parâmetros fundamentais da coleta de dados.
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50

Furriel, Geovanne Pereira. "Desenvolvimento e validação de aparelho automático para medição da compactação do solo." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/6681.

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Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2017-01-02T20:08:50Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Geovanne Pereira Furriel - 2016.pdf: 10594556 bytes, checksum: e02146f1c9d65005e1bc2e584ca3d281 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-01-03T09:57:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Geovanne Pereira Furriel - 2016.pdf: 10594556 bytes, checksum: e02146f1c9d65005e1bc2e584ca3d281 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-03T09:57:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Geovanne Pereira Furriel - 2016.pdf: 10594556 bytes, checksum: e02146f1c9d65005e1bc2e584ca3d281 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-16<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>The purpose of this work is to present the development of automatic instrument for measuring soil compaction through penetration resistance. Commonly, this measurement is performed by load cells. In the proposed methodology and apparatus, the penetration resistance is directly measured by the current applied to the motor that performs penetration of the rod into the soil, thus replacing the load cell. The collected data are stored in Datalogger and further processed in order to enable analysis and the generation of maps of the surface with soil compaction values up to a certain depth. The presented results indicate greater precision and control of the fundamental parameters of data acquisition.<br>O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar o desenvolvimento de aparelho automático para medição da compactação do solo através da resistência a penetração. Comumente, esta aferição é realizada por células de carga. Na metodologia e aparelho proposto, a resistência à penetração será medida diretamente pela corrente aplicada ao motor que realiza a penetração da haste no solo, em substituição da célula de carga. Os dados coletados são armazenados em Datalogger e posteriormente tratados de forma que possibilite a análise e a geração de mapas do terreno com valores da compactação do solo até determinada profundidade. Os resultados apresentados indicam maior precisão em relação ao método utilizado e controle sobre os parâmetros fundamentais da coleta de dados.
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