Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modèle de prévision météorologique numérique'
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Coopmann, Olivier. "Vers une meilleure assimilation des observations satellitaires infrarouges par le couplage des modèles météorologique et chimique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30303.
Full textThe Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) is the instrument that provides the most satellite observations to the ARPEGE (Action de Recherche Petite Échelle Grande Scale) Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) model at Météo-France. This sensor was developed jointly by CNES (Centre National d'Études Spatiales) and EUMETSAT (European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites) and is carried on board the Metop-A, B and C polar orbiting satellites. The assimilation of these observations requires the use of a Radiative Transfer Model (RTM) called RTTOV at Météo-France. The latter uses an a priori knowledge of the most likely thermodynamic and chemical state of the atmosphere to simulate IASI observations. At Meteo-France, the background thermodynamic fields come from a short-term forecast provided by ARPEGE but the information on the chemical composition of the atmosphere comes from a single vertical reference profile for each chemical species, provided by RTTOV. However, this approximation has a significant impact on the quality of simulations and the use of infrared satellite observations for NWP. Chemistry Transport Models (CTM) are able to provide forecasts of the chemical composition of the atmosphere. At Météo-France, this CTM is called MOCAGE. This thesis therefore proposes a method toward a better assimilation of infrared satellite observations by coupling meteorological and chemical models. The first part of the work was to evaluate the sensitivity of infrared observations to some atmospheric compounds. To do so, we participated in the APOGEE (Atmospheric Profiles Of GreenhousE gases) measurement campaign, which enabled us to measure in situ profiles of CO2, CH4 and O3. These data were used both to validate the quality of our simulations and as verification data to assess atmospheric chemical composition derived from CTM. We then supervised two Master 1 trainees to carry out an evolving climatology of CO2 in order to improve the use of infrared satellite observations. From these studies, it appears that the quality of the simulations depends on the accuracy of the chemical information used and the chemical component with the greatest impact on the simulations is ozone. Thus, the rest of the thesis work was therefore focused on ozone. A first step was to prepare the assimilation of ozone-sensitive IASI channels. This work has shown both that the use of realistic ozone information from a CTM can better simulate ozone-sensitive observations and provide additional information, simultaneously improving temperature, humidity and ozone analyses [Coopmann et al., 2018]. [...]
Yessad, Karim. "Effets de résolution dans le modèle PERIDOT : analyse diagnostique par divergences de flux." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30120.
Full textDucrocq, Véronique. "Etude de l'énergétique de bandes précipitantes simulées à l'aide du modèle PERIDOT." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30205.
Full textFayon, Gaëtan. "Modélisation statistique de la diversité multi-site aux fréquences comprises entre 20 et 50 GHz." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30284/document.
Full textDue to the congestion of standard frequency bands (S, C, Ku bands) and the need to offer higher data rates for multimedia services, space communication systems require to be operated at carrier frequencies higher than 20 GHz: Ka-band (20-30 GHz) for user links or Q/V band (40-50 GHz) for feeder links, to reach the Tb/s capacity. However, these frequency bands are submitted to increase tropospheric impairments, in particular rain attenuation which is its major contributor. In this context, the only use of standard fade mitigation techniques (up-link power control and/or adaptive coding and modulation) is not enough to counteract these propagation impairments and the use of gateways in site diversity configurations allows satisfying link budget to be maintained, relying on redundant gateways to reroute data traffic depending on local meteorological conditions. If several models suited to design such systems already exist, their parameterization is based on a limited number of sub-representative experimental data, both in terms of duration and climatic regions: experimental propagation data in a site diversity context have been often measured in temperate regions (Europe and North America) and represent few years of data (only one year in the majority of the cases). As a consequence, the parameterization, and so the validation, of such models is compromised. This PhD thesis proposes the definition of a new model, the WRF-EMM model, allowing rain attenuation time series and statistics to be generated over a grid of 100 x 100 km2, coupling the high resolution weather prediction model WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) with the EMM (ElectroMagnetic Module), especially optimized during this thesis. Outputs of this simulator can feed site diversity models in order to design future satellite communications systems. At mid-latitudes, the results are promising and the use of the WRF-EMM model to generate site diversity synthetic datasets and to parameterize site diversity models wherever in the world should now be envisaged as an alternative to experimental data. In parallel with the development of the WRF-EMM model, this thesis also proposes the introduction of a new testing metric allowing to integrate the inter- annual variabilities during the validation process of statistical models, which has not been the case until now
Diagne, Hadja Maïmouna. "Gestion intelligente du réseau électrique réunionnais. Prévision de la ressource solaire en milieu insulaire." Thesis, La Réunion, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LARE0014.
Full textThe integration of intermittent renewable energy in the energy mix is currently limited to a threshold of 30% of the total power being produced. This restriction aims at ensuring the safety of the power input. The elimination of this technical obstacle will be possible with solutions to energy intermittence of wind and solar energy. The energy issues which islands are facing today prefigure global problems in a more or less long term. These territories constitute unique laboratories for testing new technologies of storage, management and forecasting of energy. The contribution of this thesis focuses on the forecasting of global horizontal irradiance at different time horizons. Indeed, the generated PV power stems directly from the intensity of the global horizontal irradiance. First, the review of solar irradiance forecasting methods allows to classify numerical weather models and statistical forecasting methods depending on spatial and temporal resolution. Moreover, it shows that best performance is obtained with hybrid models. Second, a short-term forecast model (day ahead forecast) is developed with the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) and a Bayesian neural network. The hybridization of these methods improves the day ahead forecast performance. Third, a model for forecasting the very short term is developped with the Kalman hybrid model. This method offers on the one hand an energy forecasting and on the other hand a multi-horizon forecast. Comparing the performance of the aforesaid with the reference method, namely the persistence method, shows an improvement of the quality of the forecasts. Combining the Kalman filter with the WRF numerical model allows an operational implementation of the forecast
Kurzrock, Frederik. "Assimilation de données satellitaires géostationnaires dans des modèles atmosphériques à aire limitée pour la prévision du rayonnement solaire en région tropicale." Thesis, La Réunion, 2019. https://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/19_13_FKurzrock.pdf.
Full textThe variability of solar irradiance necessitates to limit the instantaneous feed-in of solar power to electricity grids. An improvement of solar irradiance forecasts would allow to increase the defined threshold limits, especially in non-interconnected zones such as Reunion Island. Achieving higher forecast accuracy is particularly challenging in the case of tropical islands due to pronounced convection and local thermal circulations. Limited-area numerical weather prediction (NWP) models allow to forecast cloud processes and solar irradiance at high spatio-temporal resolutions of a few kilometres and minutes. Nevertheless, they often fail to accurately predict cloudiness evolution and thus tend to overestimate solar irradiance. Refining the initial conditions of regional models in terms of clouds is an efficient means for improving short-term cloud cover and irradiance forecasts. The assimilation of geostationary meteorological satellite observations can achieve this improvement. Nevertheless, a variety of satellite data assimilation (DA) approaches exist and research has focused on mid-latitudes so far. This thesis deals with the assimilation of geostationary satellite observations with limited-area models in the southwestern Indian Ocean. In a first step, the state of the art in terms of existing approaches for radiance and cloud property retrieval assimilation with regional-scale models is reviewed. In consequence, one of the most promising approaches is identified and applied to the southwestern Indian Ocean. In the performed experiments, multi-phase cloud water path retrievals from NASA Langley's SatCORPS cloud products are assimilated with an ensemble Kalman filter using the Weather Research and Forecasting model. A 41-member ensemble at 12 km grid spacing is applied with a DA cycling interval of 6 hours. The Data Assimilation Research Testbed and its forward operator for cloud water path are used to assimilate gridded cloud water retrievals in the ice, supercooled liquid, and liquid phase. The impact of this assimilation approach on forecasts of global horizontal irradiance (GHI) is evaluated for austral summer 2017/2018 using pyranometer observations on Reunion Island. A distinct positive impact of the applied method on the first 14 hours of GHI forecasts is found. Different aspects of the forecast improvement due to DA are analysed by means of control experiments without DA, experiments with a nested domain at 4 km grid spacing, and a comparison with operational NWP models. As the utilised gridded cloud products are available globally, the method offers a portable and globally applicable approach that may also be evaluated for other regions of the Earth
Zamo, Michaël. "Statistical Post-processing of Deterministic and Ensemble Wind Speed Forecasts on a Grid." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLA029/document.
Full textErrors of numerical weather prediction (NWP) models can be reduced thanks to post-processing methods (model output statistics, MOS) that build a statistical relationship between the observations and associated forecasts. The objective of the present thesis is to build MOS for windspeed forecasts over France on the grid of several NWP models, to be applied on operations at Météo-France, while addressing the two main issues. First, building MOS on the grid of some NWP model, with thousands of grid points over France, requires to develop methods fast enough for operational delays. Second, requent updates of NWP models require updating MOS, but training MOS requires an NWP model unchanged for years, which is usually not possible.A new windspeed analysis for the 10 m windspeed has been built over the grid of Météo-France's local area, high resolution (2,5km) NWP model, AROME. The new analysis is the sum of two terms: a spline with AROME most recent forecast as input plus a correction with a spline with the location coordinates as input. The new analysis outperforms the existing analysis, while displaying realistic spatio-temporal patterns. This new analysis, now available at an hourly rate over 4, is used as a gridded observation to build MOS in the remaining of this thesis.MOS for windspeed over France have been built for ARPEGE, Météo-France's global NWP model. A test-bed designs random forests as the most efficient MOS. The loading times is reduced by a factor 10 by training random forests over block of nearby grid points and pruning them as much as possible. This time optimisation goes without reducing the forecast performances. This block MOS approach is currently being made operational.A preliminary study about the estimation of the continuous ranked probability score (CRPS) leads to recommendations to efficiently estimate it and to generalizations of existing theoretical results. Then 4 ensemble NWP models from the TIGGE database are post-processed with 6 methods and combined with the corresponding raw ensembles thanks to several statistical methods. The best combination method is based on the theory of prediction with expert advice, which ensures good forecast performances relatively to some reference forecast. This method quickly adapts its combination weighs, which constitutes an asset in case of performances changes of the combined forecasts. This part of the work highlighted contradictions between two criteria to select the best combination methods: the minimization of the CRPS and the flatness of the rank histogram according to the Jolliffe-Primo tests. It is proposed to choose a model by first imposing the flatness of the rank histogram
Bourgois, Laurent. "Automates cellulaires et estimation état-paramètres pour la modélisation semi-physique : application à l'assimilation de données environnementales." Littoral, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010DUNK0265.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to design a model capable of adapting itself to the real spatio-temporal behavior of a system. The basic idea is to carry out a semi-physical model gathering two types of information : the a priori knowledge of the deterministic rules which govern the studied system and the observation of the actual conduct of this system obtained from experimental data. This hybrid model is initially elaborated by being inspired by the mechanisms of a neuromimetical network whose structure is contrained by the discrete reverse-time state-space equations. This semi-physical neural network inverse problem solver reaches a very good compromise between the property of parsimony and the faculty of generalization. This concept is then applied by replacing the neural network by a multiple relaxation time lattice Boltzmann cellular automaton. The approach consists in completing the physical knowledge of this model by defining additional degrees of freedom. The learning phase of the network parameters is realized in parallel with the state-variable estimation starting from a sequential Monte Carlo forward method : the ensemble Kalman filter. This dual state-parameter estimation method exploits measurements derived from variable geometry observatory made up of fixed and moving sensors
Guidard, Vincent. "Assimilation multi-échelle dans un modèle météorologique régional." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00569483.
Full textCaian, Mihaéla. "Maille variable ou domaine limité : quelle solution choisir pour la prévision à échelle fine ?" Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30226.
Full textQuentin, Céline. "Etude de la surface océanique, de la signature radar et de ses interactions avec les flux turbulents de quantité de mouvement dans le cadre de l'expérience FETCH." Paris 6, 2002. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010934.
Full textQUENTIN, Céline Gwenaëlle. "Etude de la surface océanique, de sa signature radar et de ses interactions avec les flux turbulents de quantité de mouvement dans le cadre de l'experience FETCH." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010934.
Full textHello, Gwenaëlle. "Prise en compte de la dynamique associée aux dépressions des latitudes moyennes dans la détermination des conditions initiales des modèles météorologiques." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30172.
Full textThe numerical weather prediction models are very sensitive to their initial conditions in meteorological circumstances where the appearance of a strong storm is possible. The storms and rapid cyclogeneses remain events which are difficult to forecast in spite of the continuously realism increase of the current numerical weather prediction models and of their initial states. To find alternatives to this situation, one of the proposals consists in the day-to-day modification of the data observation system in order to adapt it to the weather of the day. This strategy which is called adaptive observation is tackled here. But, this is an other aspect which makes the core of the present work. .
Montroty, Rémi. "Impact d'une assimilation de données à méso-échelle sur la prévision cyclonique." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/782/.
Full textIs part of the responsibilities of the RSMC of La Reunion and in line with the research topics of the LaCy and the CNRM-GAME, this PhD thesis has been suggested so as to investigate leads that would help better describe and predict tropical cyclones in a mesoscale model over the Indian ocean. Two main topics were investigated : the use of pseudo-observations of total column water vapour (TCWV) derived from the ECMWF analyses in cloudy/rainy areas jointly with a 3D wind bogus so as to constrain position, size and intensity of tropical cycles, and the use of error variances "of the day" in the data assimilation algorithm. We are interested equally in the position and intensity analyses and forecasts : scores and diagnostics thus target those two quantities. Since tropical cyclones exhibit large circular, cloudy/rainy areas which are devoid of observations that can be assimilated, we look at the impacts of those pseudo-observations of TCWV when assimilated in those areas. It is expected that this data can bring new information to the data assimilation system, thus helping constrain the analysis. The pseudo-observations of TCWV in cloudy/rainy areas are derived from an algorithm built by correlating the ECMWF's 1D-VAR TCWV analyses with the SSM/I brightness temperatures, over the southwest Indian ocean bassin. The TCWV data is then assimilated in a 5-week study during the year 2007, study which covered three intense cyclones over the basin. The TCWV data assimilation is done in 3D-VAR mode in the ALADIN Reunion model and is completed by the use of a 3D wind bogus, developed internally at the CRC. The impacts are very positive in terms of direct position error reduction : at analysis, the error was lowered by 75% and through this better positioning, a positive impact was further seen in the forecasts up to 24h, with statistical significance. The TCWV data impact is most notable in terms of structural improvement : when compared to TMI instantaneous rain rates, the experiment that assimilated both the 3D wind bogus and the TCWV data stands out as reproducing the most realistic cyclonic features. The radius of maximum winds, the pattern of spiral rainbands and the general asymetries of the tropical cyclones are better described thanks to the cycling of this data and are in better agreement with the TMI observations. In order to explore the impact of downscaling from ALADIN Reunion, a version of the high resolution model AROME has been implemented over a part of the southwest Indian ocean and covers Reunion island. The sharper, more realistic orography of the AROME Reunion model at 4 km horizontal resolution allows to better capture cyclonic precipitations. .
Sameur, Abdelaziz. "Modèle de contact pneumatique/chaussée pour la prévision du bruit de roulement." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001035.
Full textBoucher, Marie-Amélie. "Le défi de l'intertitude : de la production de prévisions hydrologiques d'ensemble à leur utilisation opérationnelle." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27697/27697.pdf.
Full textBen, Salem-Hajili Amira. "Les produits dérivés climatiques : Modelisation et valorisation." Paris 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA020088.
Full textCaumont, Olivier. "Simulation et assimilation de données radar pour la prévision de la convection profonde à fine échelle." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00222771.
Full textTaillardat, Maxime. "Méthodes Non-Paramétriques de Post-Traitement des Prévisions d'Ensemble." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV072/document.
Full textIn numerical weather prediction, ensemble forecasts systems have become an essential tool to quantifyforecast uncertainty and to provide probabilistic forecasts. Unfortunately, these models are not perfect and a simultaneouscorrection of their bias and their dispersion is needed.This thesis presents new statistical post-processing methods for ensemble forecasting. These are based onrandom forests algorithms, which are non-parametric.Contrary to state of the art procedures, random forests can take into account non-linear features of atmospheric states. They easily allowthe addition of covariables (such as other weather variables, seasonal or geographic predictors) by a self-selection of the mostuseful predictors for the regression. Moreover, we do not make assumptions on the distribution of the variable of interest. This new approachoutperforms the existing methods for variables such as surface temperature and wind speed.For variables well-known to be tricky to calibrate, such as six-hours accumulated rainfall, hybrid versions of our techniqueshave been created. We show that these versions (and our original methods) are better than existing ones. Especially, they provideadded value for extreme precipitations.The last part of this thesis deals with the verification of ensemble forecasts for extreme events. We have shown several properties ofthe Continuous Ranked Probability Score (CRPS) for extreme values. We have also defined a new index combining the CRPS and the extremevalue theory, whose consistency is investigated on both simulations and real cases.The contributions of this work are intended to be inserted into the forecasting and verification chain at Météo-France
Hui, Chen De. "Adaptation d'un schéma pronostique de paramétrisation de la convection à un modèle de prévision numérique à maille variable." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989CLF21198.
Full textDionne, Isabelle. "Évaluation d'un système expérimental de prévisions hydrologiques et hydrauliques d'ensemble." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28437/28437.pdf.
Full textMasbou, Matthieu. "LM-PAFOG : a new three-dimentional fog forecast model with parametrised microphysics." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00730498.
Full textMallet, Vivien. "Estimation de l'incertitude et prévision d'ensemble avec un modèle de chimie transport - Application à la simulation numérique de la qualité de l'air." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001654.
Full textJecker, Loïc. "Prévision de la transition bypass à l’aide d’un modèle à énergie cinétique laminaire basé sur la dynamique des modes de Klebanoff." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ESAE0026/document.
Full textThis work aims to develop a new bypass-transition prediction model based on the Klebanoff modes dynamics. To represent these mode dynamics the Laminar Kinetic Energy (LKE) concept has been chosen, in order to model these mode energy with a new variable. A new deffinition is given to the LKE and a transport equation consequently derived to describe the Klebanoff modes growth and destabilisation. This equation is incorporated in a k-omega turbulence model as done by Walters & Cokljat, to give a three-equation kL-kT-omega formulation. This new model is written in a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) pattern and only uses local variables, it thus can be used in an industrial context
Tannoury, Elias. "Contribution à la prévision du bruit tonal des machines tournantes subsoniques : couplage des simulations numériques et des modèles analytiques avec les analogies acoustiques." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00935537.
Full textKrumenacker, Laurent. "Contribution à la prévision de l'érosion de cavitation à partir de simulations numériques : proposition d'un modèle à deux échelles pour l'estimation du chargement imposé en paroi par le fluide." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GRENI006/document.
Full textDuring the life's cycle of a hydraulic installation, the occurrence of cavitation can cause significant damages on the material's surface. The quantification of the cavitation intensity in different geometry can be useful to get better designs for new installations, but also to improve the operating and to optimize maintenance of existing equipments. The development of universal laws of similarity from experiments is difficult due to the large number of parameters governing cavitating flows. With the increase of computational performance, numerical simulations offer the opportunity to study this phenomenon in various geometries. The main difficulty of this approach is the scale's difference existing between the numerical simulations U-RANS used to calculate the cavitating flow and mechanisms of bubble's collapse held responsible for damages on the solid. The proposed method in this thesis is based on a textbf{post-treatment} of the textbf{U-RANS} simulations to characterize a distribution of bubbles and to simulate their behavior at lower spatial and temporal scales. Our first objective is to make explicit a system of equations corresponding to phenomena occurring locally in the two-phase flow. This work leads to the development of mixture variables taking into account the presence of non-condensable gases in the fluid. Assumptions are taken to make the system, after using the Reynolds averaging procedure, equivalent to those, using a homogeneous approach, implemented in the unsteady cavitating flows solvers previously developed in the laboratory. The characterization of bubbles made by this post-treatment takes into account both the surface tension and the presence of non-condensable gases. The development of a solver for the simulation of the dynamic of a bubble cloud is started. It aims to take into account both the interactions between bubbles and non-spherical deformations with a potential method. First results of these simulations are presented and small non-spherical deformations occurring during the collapse can be observed. Finally, we propose a chained method between these two systems initializing the bubble dynamic solver with results of U-RANS simulations. The energy emitted during the implosion of bubbles impacting the solid surface is calculated. So the aggressiveness of the flow on the material can be characterized. We apply this method on different flows to compare numerical and experimental results
Gerard, Luc. "Physical parameterisations for a high resolution operational numerical weather prediction model." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211550.
Full textLes processus d'échelle inférieure à la maille jouent néanmoins un rôle essentiel dans les transferts et les bilans de chaleur, humidité et quantité de mouvement. Les paramétrisations physiques visent à évaluer les termes de source correspondant à ces phénomènes, et apparaissant dans les équations des champs moyens aux points de grille.
Lorsque l'on diminue la taille des mailles afin de représenter plus finement l'évolution des phénomènes atmosphériques, certaines hypothèses utilisées dans ces paramétrisations perdent leur validité. Le problème se pose surtout quand la taille des mailles passe en dessous d'une dizaine de kilomètres, se rapprochant de la taille des grands systèmes de nuages convectifs (systèmes orageux, lignes de grain).
Ce travail s'inscrit dans le cadre des développements du modèle à mailles fines ARPÈGE ALADIN, utilisé par une douzaine de pays pour l'élaboration de prévisions à courte échéance (jusque 48 heures).
Nous décrivons d'abord l'ensemble des paramétrisations physiques du modèle.
Suit une analyse détaillée de la paramétrisation actuelle de la convection profonde. Nous présentons également notre contribution personnelle à celle ci, concernant l'entraînement de la quantité de mouvement horizontale dans le nuage convectif.
Nous faisons ressortir les principaux points faibles ou hypothèses nécessitant des mailles de grandes dimensions, et dégageons les voies pour de nouveaux développements.
Nous approfondissons ensuite deux des aspects sortis de cette discussion: l'usage de variables pronostiques de l'activité convective, et la prise en compte de différences entre l'environnement immédiat du nuage et les valeurs des champs à grande échelle. Ceci nous conduit à la réalisation et la mise en œuvre d'un schéma pronostique de la convection profonde.
A ce schéma devraient encore s'ajouter une paramétrisation pronostique des phases condensées suspendues (actuellement en cours de développement par d'autres personnes) et quelques autres améliorations que nous proposons.
Des tests de validation et de comportement du schéma pronostique ont été effectués en modèle à aire limitée à différentes résolutions et en modèle global. Dans ce dernier cas l'effet du nouveau schéma sur les bilans globaux est également examiné.
Ces expériences apportent un éclairage supplémentaire sur le comportement du schéma convectif et les problèmes de partage entre la schéma de convection profonde et le schéma de précipitation de grande échelle.
La présente étude fait donc le point sur le statut actuel des différentes paramétrisations du modèle, et propose des solutions pratiques pour améliorer la qualité de la représentation des phénomènes convectifs.
L'utilisation de mailles plus petites que 5 km nécessite enfin de lever l'hypothèse hydrostatique dans les équations de grande échelle, et nous esquissons les raffinements supplémentaires de la paramétrisation possibles dans ce cas.
Doctorat en sciences appliquées
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Einfalt, Thomas. "Recherche d'une méthode optimale de prévision de pluie par radar en hydrologie urbaine." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1988. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00520784.
Full textPlanche, Céline. "Développement et évaluation d'un modèle tridimensionnel de nuage mixte à microphysique détaillée : application aux précipitations orographiques." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00622980.
Full textSelhaoui, Najim. "Étude thermodynamique de composés binaires de métaux de transition par calorimétrie à hautes températures : modélisation numérique de diagrammes de phases. Confrontation expériences-modèles." Nancy 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NAN10042.
Full textNguyen, Huu Phuc. "Développement d'une commande à modèle partiel appris : analyse théorique et étude pratique." Thesis, Compiègne, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016COMP2323/document.
Full textIn classical control theory, the control law is generally built, based on the theoretical model of the system. That means that the mathematical equations representing the system dynamics are used to stabilize the closed loop. But in practice, the actual system differs from the theory, for example, the nonlinearity, the varied parameters and the unknown disturbances of the system. The proposed approach in this work is based on the knowledge of the plant system by using not only the analytical model but also the experimental data. The input values stabilizing the system on open loop, that minimize a cost function, for example, the distance between the desired output and the predicted output, or maximize a reward function are calculated by an optimal algorithm. The key idea of this approach is to use a numerical behavior model of the system as a prediction function on the joint state and input spaces or input-output spaces to find the controller’s output. To do this, a new non-linear control concept is proposed, based on an existing controller that uses a prediction map built on the state-space. The prediction model is initialized by using the best knowledge a priori of the system. It is then improved by using a learning algorithm based on the sensors’ data. Two types of prediction map are employed: the first one is based on the state-space model; the second one is represented by an input-output model. The output of the controller, that minimizes the error between the predicted output from the prediction model and the desired output, will be found using optimal algorithm. The application of the proposed controller has been made on various systems. Some real experiments for quadricopter, some actual tests for the electrical vehicle Zoé show its ability and efficiency to complex and fast systems. Other the results in simulation are tested in order to investigate and study the performance of the proposed controller. This approach is also used to estimate the rotor speed of the induction machine by considering the rotor speed as the input of the system
Devenon, Jean-Luc. "Utilisation de mesures de courants côtiers superficiels par radar HF pour valider et optimiser les modèles numériques de circulation littorale en mer à marée." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066463.
Full textGiordano, Christophe. "Prédiction et optimisation des techniques pour l’observation à haute résolution angulaire et pour la future génération de très grands télescopes." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4136/document.
Full textWith the next generation of extremely large telescope having mirror with a diameter larger than 30m, it becomes essential to reduce the cost of observations and to improve their scientific efficiency. Moreover it is fundamental to build these huge infrastructures in location having the best possible optical quality. The purpose of my thesis is to bring a solution easier and more economical than before. I used the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and the Trinquet-Vernin parametrization, which computes the values of the optical turbulence, to forecast a couple of hours in advance the evolution of the sky optical quality along the coming night. This information would improve the management of observation program, called "flexible scheduling", and thereby reduce losses due to the atmospheric variations. Our results and improvements allow the model us WRF-TV to have a good agreement between previsions and in-situ measurements in different sites, which is promising for a real use in an observatory. Beyond the flexible scheduling, we wanted to create a tool to improve the search for new sites or site testing for already existing sites. Therefore we defined a quality parameter which takes into account meteorological conditions (wind, humidity, precipitable water vapor) and optical conditions (seeing, coherence time, isoplanatic angle). This parameter has been tested above La Palma in Canary island showing that the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos is located close to the best possible location of the island. Finally we created an automated program to use WRF-TV model in order to have an operational tool working routinely
Aba, Baaddi. "Étude thermodynamique de certains alliages binaires en métaux de transition par calorimétrie à haute température : cas des systèmes tiru, tirh, tiir, zrir, hfru, hfrh, hfir." Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10141.
Full textMargerit, Jonathan. "Modélisation et Simulations Numériques de la Propagation de Feux de Forêts." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003730.
Full textSchaer, Nicolas. "Modélisation des écoulements à surface libre de fluides non-newtoniens." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAD033/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to develop a 3D numerical model to assess debris flow. These viscous flows, heavily loaded with solid matter, form when heavy rain occurs in mountains. Today, forecasts of potentially impacted areas are based on 0D, 1D and 2D numerical tools. However, these tools cannot fully represent the free surface behaviour of debris flows due to the approximations and assumptions on which they are based. Thus, this work utilises a 3D numerical code to study this phenomenon. A specific model is built with real field data. Several flow scenarios are studied and compared with a 2D numerical model. The results highlight the significant benefits of a 3D approach by providing information on the fine representation of flow dynamics over the catchment area. The model also predicts the impact of debris flow (overflowing on a road bridge) and the zones of deposition and spreading. It highlights possible congestion phenomena and reproduces flows in the channels by fully accounting for parietal friction, capabilities not provided by 2D models. Prior to this application, the 3D model was evaluated with five sets of experimental data to validate its ability to represent viscoplastic flows. Different types of flows are studied and are representative of those observed on real sites when debris flow occur
Roux, Christian. "Analyse des précipitations en hydrologie urbaine - Exemple de la Seine-Saint-Denis." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529474.
Full textRagueneau, Frédéric. "Fonctionnement dynamique des structures en béton : influence des comportements hystériques locaux." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DENS0001.
Full textLupu, Cristina. "Impact d'un modèle de covariance d'erreur de prévision basé sur les fonctions de sensibilité dans un 3D-VAR." Mémoire, 2006. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1663/1/M9190.pdf.
Full textTatarevic, Aleksandra. "L'approche méthodologique à la validation d'une paramétrisation des aérosols et nuages en utilisant le simulateur des instruments d'Earthcare." Mémoire, 2009. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2288/1/M10904.pdf.
Full textMarkovic, Marko. "Simulating climate over North America and atmospheric low-frequency variability using variable resolution modeling approach." Thèse, 2011. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4026/1/D2179.pdf.
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