Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modèle de transition'
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Sarlat, Thomas. "Un modèle de dimension finie pour la transition vitreuse." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066685.
Full textSordi, Giovanni. "Mott-Hubbard transition in strongly correlated electron systems." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112160.
Full textI study the Mott metal-insulator transition within the dynamical mean-field theory in two schematic Hamiltonians widely used to describe the strongly correlated electron systems : the Hubbard model and the periodic Anderson model. The scenario for the transition in the Hubbard model is reviewed and the analysis of the photoemission spectra near the transition is presented in detail. The doping driven Mott transition in the periodic Anderson model is discussed with respect to the one realized in the Hubbard model. The main finding is a qualitatively different scenario for electron or hole driven transitions. In the former case the transition is expectedly similar to the first order transition of the Hubbard model. However, in the latter case, a second order transition is found. Thus I demonstrate that the transition scenario of the Hubbard model is not generic for the periodic Anderson model
André-Bazzana, Bénédicte. "Le mythe du "modèle espagnol" de transition à la démocratie." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002IEPP0019.
Full textDégremont-Dorville, Marie. "Transitions énergétiques et politiques à l’orée du XXIe siècle : l’émergence en France d’un modèle territorial de transition énergétique." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IEPP0008/document.
Full textOur work focuses on energy transition policies launched by French local authorities through a historical perspective. We analyze renewable energy and energy efficiency local policies as well as grid modernization, especially since their development in the mid-2000s. They are embedded in a process where historical principles guiding public policies in the energy sector are being challenged, especially as regards electricity. This offers opportunities to actors contesting these organizational principles, who promote alternatives they crafted for a few decades. Thanks to policy entrepreneurs mobilizing resources acquired over the course of their career, an alternative territorialized energy model is emerging. Gradually, it gains ground through the development of local production systems, mostly controlled by regional councils and large urban centers. These processes bring about a number of changes, most of them being incremental. However, we identify accelerating periods that can lead to changes of energy systems on a wider scale. They introduce differentiation from the French energy system, organized and controlled at a national scale. These alternatives are standardized, and it makes them more powerful to confront strong path dependency in this area. Since energy policy has been central in the crafting of the French modern state, these transitions could have consequences on public policies in general and on the state itself
Lemire, Paul. "Métastabilité du modèle de Blume-Capel." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR022/document.
Full textThis thesis is about the study of the metastability of the Blume-Capel model. This model, introduced in 1966, is a nearest-neighbor spin system where the single spin variable takes three possible values +1, -1, 0. One can interpret it as a system ofparticles with spins. The value 0 of the spin corresponds to the absence of particle, whereas the values ± correspond to the presence of a particle with the respective spin. The thesis is divided in two parts. The first part is an article published in Journal of Statistical Physics with C. Landim. We prove the metastable behavior of the Blume-Capel model when the temperature decreases to 0 on a fixed size torus.The second part is dedicated to the generalization of these results to the case of a torus which size increases to +1 as the temperature decreases to 0. For this model, three metastable states -1, 0,+1 remain on a very large time scale, where -1, 0,+1 stand for the configuration where the torus is respectively filled with -1’s, 0’s and +1’s. We prove that starting from -1, the process visits 0 before reaching +1 with very high probability. We also caracterize the critical configurations and provide sharp estimates of the transition times
Becdelièvre, Pauline de. "La transition professionnelle des ex-permanents syndicaux : proposition d'un modèle explicatif." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020057.
Full textAbstract The professional transition of ex-full time unionists, defined as activists working full time for the union, is a complex issue as it affects the individual, the union and the host company. In order to understand this subject, the mobilized literature offers analytical frameworks focusing on internal problems of the union, the reasons for the initial commitment, the role of the emotional residue in the construction of identity, and the way in which an individual can value his experience. The operationalization of this research was carried out in the form of interviews with ex-full time unionists and full time activists for their professional transition by a longitudinal follow-up. Wishing to identify the specificities of the French trade unionism, American activists were questioned. A triangulation of the data has also been sought from Human Resources Directors, managers, trade unions, full time unionists who were not in professional transition and a company specialized in the support of ex-full time unionists. Our results underlines the French specificities of trade union commitment (personal and professional domains). Internal difficulties in the trade union and the behaviour of the ex-full time unionist led him to leave. This departure implies a persistent strong emotion (the emotion residue) which has a key role in the identity work and the mindset of the individual. Finally, union experience could be integrated differently in the career, depending on the individual
Boutaud, Benoit. "Un modèle énergétique en transition ? Centralisme et décentralisation dans la régulation du système énergétique." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1173/document.
Full textEnergy transition finds itself high on the political agenda, with electricity occupying its own specific place. The aim of this thesis is to reflect on the emergence of a new electricity model, and to determine its features and whether it offers an alternative to the centralised model. Using three perspectives for analysis – institutional, technological and regional – this thesis demonstrate that this model has had its day. An accumulation of changes has transformed the electricity system, both materially and in relation to its organisation: liberalisation, rise of distributed generation, political decentralisation, and so on. The new configuration currently under production is the result of contradictory socio-technical pressures; these are creating a hybrid system between a general trend towards decentralisation on one side and mechanisms for political-administrative centralisation and technico-economic concentration on the other.The state has lost its monopoly but not its central position, even though the sector has diversified in terms of actors and technologies and become more open to society (access to production, legislative process, etc.). Neither the frustrated progression of EU operations, liberalisation, nor the greater presence of local authorities has thus far been able to entirely undermine the state's ability to position itself at the centre of operational control of the sector. It acts in different ways: withdrawal from operational matters, integration of renewables, finance, R&D, legislation, etc. On occasions it is also interventionist (shareholders, price structures, networks, etc.). In a liberal climate, the state is adapting by undertaking pragmatic reform of its activities and controlling the integration of socio-technical alternatives. This adaptation equates to a greater role for the regional authorities in public energy policy, as local areas continue to gain in importance. These regions and areas are currently defining themselves as indispensable partners of the state – largely on the basis of the bodies for intercommunal cooperation and the regional councils – for the management and implementation of a multitude of processes and technical measures at sub-national level. In parallel, they wish to assert their importance in the sector and can make use of their levers for operational control (planning, support for renewables, etc.) Today, they have still only appropriated the terrain partially and unevenly, but this strong trend means that local is the sector's new horizon, including for the state, which is adapting the organisation of its administration around the regions. And so a process, which is legal in nature and organised by the state is at work, whereby the administrations gain in autonomy to form an unhindered energy administration which cannot be reduced to a capacity to produce energy. The new boundary lines resulting from this growing autonomy are ultimately drawing up institutional territories which pose no challenge to the national scale or the role of the state.This hybrid character arises from technico-economic concentration mechanisms which are specific to the electricity network industry and its context and from rationales concerning space and territories which are connected to infrastructural factors. They result in particular from the counterintuitive deployment of distributed generation carried out in a mixed centralised/decentralised manner, highlighting the interaction between forms of control and socio-technical conditions (spatialisation conditions, concentration of actors, etc).With regard to regulation, the configuration currently emerging presents a balance between shortage/decentralisation and continuity/centralisation. Account taken of developments to come in the areas of storage and new information and communication technologies, it is nevertheless probable that this configuration will only be a long progression towards a new energy model
Li, Chong. "Un modèle de transition logico-matérielle pour la simplification de la programmation parallèle." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00952082.
Full textSavatier, François. "Dynamique du modèle des sacs : application à la transition de phase de déconfinement." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20205.
Full textRaczkowski, Marcin. "Propriétés des phases zébrées d'oxydes de métaux de transition [en anglais]." Caen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CAEN2012.
Full textHolo, Guy-Fabrice. "Les régimes de transition en Afrique subsaharienne francophone." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D062.
Full textSub-Saharan Africa has been known for going through transitional phases from one-party state dictatorship or limited democracy to a multi-party system or a real democracy. Observing these transitions highlights the fact that the same type of regimes is used during the process. At first, it can be said that transitions are made by a parliamentary system. Adopting this specific form of regime enhances the aim of the transitional regime, which lies into liberalizing the political institutions of the country. Nevertheless, a more profound study reveals that if all those regimes may have the external criteria of a parliamentary system, it's not the same regime per se. In one case, most of the power remains in the hand of the head of State while in the other, it's a shared power. Thus, there is no transitional regime but what can be described as a "constitutional model" of the transition that uses the same organs but with a different distribution of power between them
Chiruta, Daniel-Gabriel. "The analysis of hysteretic behavior in bistable spin transition nanomaterials and its applications towards nanoelectronics devices." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VERS0020.
Full textThe main purpose of this thesis is to develop exact methods (i. E. Matrix transfer) or semi-exact methods (using Monte Carlo technique with entropic sampling algorithm) to study the behaviour of molecular materials. Using an Ising like model that takes into account both short-range and long-range interactions in Spin Crossover (SCO materials) the response resulting from the spin state switching phenomenon (from bulk materials down to nanoscale size) was simulated. SCO materials have potential applications in the fabrication of novel devices (i. E. Storing information, sensing, and display). This work contains two main parts divided in seven chapters. The first part, the first three chapters, is devoted to some overview of SCO materials and to the description of several models and methods proposed to explain the Spin Transition (ST) phenomenon while the second part, the last four chapters, is focused on some theoretical studies on size and shape effects as well as the molecules at the surface effect in the SCO area which is a new subject. This thesis, in the field of Computing Materials Science, treats two axes. In the first axe we have modeled and simulated the behaviour of several existing materials using an Ising like model in order to understand the ST mechanism and the effects of different external factors in different SCO compounds in 1D, 2D or 3D structures. From the good agreement between the numerical and the experimental data in the first part, we have studied in the second part different architectures and we have predicted some novel SCO behaviours, obtained recently experimentally, as incomplete or multi-step transition
Zou, Zhaomin. "La transition financière chinoise : un modèle de financement alternatif dans un contexte de libéralisation financière." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00973231.
Full textGianfelice, Michele. "Transition de phase de Kosterlitz et Thouless pour un modèle de Kac à symétrie continue." Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX11016.
Full textPalacios, Pastrana Florencio Edmundo. "Etude des rapports entre linguistique et logique concernant la dimension temporelle : un modèle de transition." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10273.
Full textBlondel, Pierre. "Estimation de l’état interne d’une batterie lithium-ion à l’aide d’un modèle électrochimique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0008/document.
Full textDeveloped in the nineties, lithium batteries have colonized our environment in less than thirty years and they keep spreading faster and faster. Powerful, efficient, light and compact, this technology remains hazardous. In order to limit the danger and slow the aging of lithium cells, most of such batteries embed a management system. The latter needs to access some internal states, which are not directly measurable. This thesis intends to estimate these variables using a nonlinear observer, which is based on an electrochemical model. The behavior of the battery is driven by the transportation phenomenon of its main electrochemical species. We therefore built a finite dimensional electrochemical model of these adapted to estimation. It relies on the spatial discretization of the partial differential equations, which describe these transportation phenomena. It also formulates some assumptions, such as the fact that an electrode globally behaves like a single particle of its active material. The obtained state space model has affine dynamics and a nonlinear output. Among the existing observers for such systems that we are aware of, none can be applied directly to the developed model. Hence, we developed new ones whose stability is guaranteed provided a linear matrix inequality holds, which is used to construct the observation gain. We then confront these observers to experimental data acquired on commercialized batteries. The obtained results are encouraging and the observer seems to be a fair compromise between physical meaning and numerical complexity
Camelio, Philippe. "Corrélation structure-propriétés : le modèle EVM prédiction de la température de transition vitreuse de polymères amorphes." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX30109.
Full textBenyahia, Abdelkader. "Mise en oeuvre et évaluation d’un modèle de transition à équations de transport pour la simulation d’écoulements en turbomachines." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ESAE0034/document.
Full textThe modelisation of laminar to turbulent transition is still difficult in RANS computations while dealing with three dimensional computational domains like turbomachinery domains. The laminar to turbulent transition model Re has been proposed to solve these issues and permit the automatic modeling of laminar to turbulent transition in RANS codes. The Re model has been introduced into the code elsA and evaluated thanks to several computations relative to turbomachinery. After a bibliographical study, the implementation of the model into the code elsA and the inital results are described in this document. In a third part, aerothermal issues in turbomachinery are investigated. The estimations of the heat fluxes by CFD are in good agreement with the experimental data which demonstrate the capability of the model to capture laminar and turbulent regions. In a last part the phenomenon of separation induced transition occuring on low pressure turbine blade is studied. The results obtained while employing the Re model show that the model need to be refined for these applications. The studied performed have permited the validation the use of the laminar to turbulent transition model Re with the code elsA for very different applications in turbomachinery
Slimani, Ahmed. "Aspects spatio-temporels de la transition de spin : étude par microscopie optique et modèle électro-élastique." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VERS0035.
Full textThis work presents the results of investigations of the spin transition on single crystals of iron(II) compounds. Observations by optical microscopy allowed to follow in real time the germination and growth of spin domains as well as the propagation of the macroscopic interface. A careful analysis of these observations allowed to discuss the spatiotemporal aspects of the interface propagation, and a multiscale mechanism of the transition was proposed. The study of a robust binuclear system provided the possibility of creating and controlling the motion of the interface by external excitations and gave a direct access to the equilibrium temperature. Finally, an electro-elastic model giving access to the displacement and deformation fields was proposed, the first results of which are encouraging, and consistent with the experimental data
Blondel, Pierre. "Estimation de l’état interne d’une batterie lithium-ion à l’aide d’un modèle électrochimique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0008.
Full textDeveloped in the nineties, lithium batteries have colonized our environment in less than thirty years and they keep spreading faster and faster. Powerful, efficient, light and compact, this technology remains hazardous. In order to limit the danger and slow the aging of lithium cells, most of such batteries embed a management system. The latter needs to access some internal states, which are not directly measurable. This thesis intends to estimate these variables using a nonlinear observer, which is based on an electrochemical model. The behavior of the battery is driven by the transportation phenomenon of its main electrochemical species. We therefore built a finite dimensional electrochemical model of these adapted to estimation. It relies on the spatial discretization of the partial differential equations, which describe these transportation phenomena. It also formulates some assumptions, such as the fact that an electrode globally behaves like a single particle of its active material. The obtained state space model has affine dynamics and a nonlinear output. Among the existing observers for such systems that we are aware of, none can be applied directly to the developed model. Hence, we developed new ones whose stability is guaranteed provided a linear matrix inequality holds, which is used to construct the observation gain. We then confront these observers to experimental data acquired on commercialized batteries. The obtained results are encouraging and the observer seems to be a fair compromise between physical meaning and numerical complexity
Obiajunwa, Eusebius. "Contribution à l'étude de transition de forme par diffusion inélastique : application aux isotopes de samarium et de germanium." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112227.
Full textThe stable even samarium and germanium isotopes have been studied by means of inelastic proton (Ep = 24 MeV) and aloha (Eα= 36 MeV) scattering: 148-154 Sm(p,p’) 150-152 Sm(α,α’) ; 70-74 Ge(α,α’). Enriched self-supporting, thin metallic targets are used with high quality proton and alpha beams furnished by the Orsay Tandem Van de Graaff accelerator. The scattered particles were momentum analysed by a split-pole magnetic spectrometer and were detected by an ensemble of position-sensitive, high resolution detecter placed at the focal plane of the spectrometer. The various collective nuclear models: vibrations harmonic (VM) and anharmonic (AVM), rotationnal symmetric (SRM)and asymmetric (ARM), rotation-vibration (RVM), and interacting bosons model (IBM), used in the analysis of the experimental data are presented. The data for the low-lying levels of 148-150 Sm are analysed in the frame-work of the second order VM. The multiple-phonon states (1-,5-,3-) are studied for the first time in these nuclei. These analyses revealed that effects of anharmonicity should be considered especially for the multiphonon states. The data for the low-lying members of the ground states band (0+,2+,4+,6+) of 152-154Sm are analysed in the frame-work of SRM. The ground-state band and the octupole-vibrationnal band KIT= 0, (1-,3-,5-), of these two nuclei are for the first time, analysed simultaneous and in a coherent fashion, in the frame-work of the RVM. In the case of the inelastic 70-74 Ge (α,α'), experiments, the data for the low-lying states are analysed in the frame-work of the ARM, VM and AVM. The AVM is found to give a better description of the low-lying states of these three nuclei. A more rigorous and coherent method of treating the anharmonicity in vibrationnal nuclei is presented, starting from the Hamiltonien of Brink and Kerman ; the results obtained by this method is very encouraging. The application of the IBM to the analysis of inelastic scattering data is presented
Bégou, Guillaume. "Prévision de la transition laminaire-turbulent dans le code elsA par la méthode des paraboles." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ESAE0002/document.
Full textA simplified laminar-turbulent transition prediction method (the so-called parabolas method) is recast into a RANS compatible formulation.The parabolas method is a database approach that gives an estimation of the growth rates of modal perturbations growing in the boundary layer.These perturbations rise through a process called receptivity and undergo a linear modal growth, followed by non-linear interactions that lead to a breakdown to transition. The N-factor (or e-to-N) method predicts the transition location under the assumption that transition occurs when the total linear growth of a mode reaches a prescribed threshold. This total growth is obtained via an integration of a mode's growth rate along the boundary-layer edge streamline. This classical integral formulation is not suitable in a RANS context and is therefore recast into a set of transport equations whose source terms depend on the growth rates given by the parabolas method.The resulting model (N-sigma-P or NSP) predicts if a given point in the flow field is up- or downstream of the transition location. It has been validated for cases where transition was triggered by longitudinal (Tollmien-Schlichting) and crossflow modes
Lechenault, Frederic. "La transition de "Jamming" dans un milieu granulaire bidimensionnel : Statique et dynamique d'un système athermique modèle." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00200902.
Full textLechenault, Frédéric. "La transition de "Jamming" dans un milieu granulaire bidimensionnel : statique et dynamique d'un système athermique modèle." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112111.
Full textThe Jamming transition is a generic phenomenon that occurs when an assembly abruptly ceases to evolve. This thesis proposes a characterization of the statistical properties of a model athermal system in the vicinity this transition. The system, a bidimensionnal layer of 8500 metal cylinders, is studied in two experimental situations. The first one consists in examining the interstitial volume trapped in vertical packings of these grains. We show that in this static situation, the system exhibits long range correlations and a lack extensivity. The second situation consists in vibrating such an assembly in the horizontal plane at various densities. We identify the Jamming transition on the boundary. We study the diffusion properties together with the density field relaxation, and show that they both are governed by the same length scale. We then study the spatial heterogeneity of the dynamics by means of a four-point correlation function which is found to verify critical scaling. The correlation length and a relaxation time scale associated with marginal super diffusion are maximum across the transition. Finally, our system is found to saturate a fluctuation dissipation inequality, which shows that the amplitude of spontaneous fluctuations of the dynamics is reproduced by its response to a change in density. We conclude that the latter governs the macroscopic properties of the system
BOUBCHEUR, EL HASSANE. "Transition de phase dans des systemes de spins : effets de la frustration et du couplage magnetoelastique." Cergy-Pontoise, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CERG0053.
Full textTanguy, Benoit. "Modélisation de l'essai charpy par l'approche locale de la rupture : application au cas de l'acier 16MND5 dans le domaine de transition." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005651.
Full textCette étude contribue à l'établissement du passage résilience-ténacité dans le domaine de transition de l'acier de cuve 16MND5 à partir d'une approche non-empirique basée sur l'approche locale de la rupture. La rupture fragile est décrite par le modèle Beremin (1983), qui permet de décrire la dispersion inhérente à ce mode de rupture. La description de la déchirure ductile est réalisée par le modèle GTN (1984) et le modèle Rousselier (1986). Ce dernier modèle a été modifié afin d'obtenir une description réaliste de l'endommagement ductile dans le cas de sollicitations rapides et d'échauffement locaux.
La méthode proposée pour déterminer les paramètres des modèles d'endommagement s'appuie uniquement sur des essais sur éprouvettes entaillées et les données inclusionnaires du matériau. Le comportement est décrit par une formulation originale paramétrée en température qui permet de décrire l'ensemble des essais réalisés dans cette étude. Avant d'appliquer cette méthodologie, une étude expérimentale du comportement et des modes de rupture de l'acier 16MND5 a été effectuée. A partir des essais de résilience en conditions quasi-statiques et dynamiques, il a été mis en évidence que cet acier ne présentait pas de décalage important de sa courbe de résilience dû à l'effet de vitesse. Dans le domaine de la transition, des échauffements locaux de l'ordre de 150°C ont été mesurés en fond d'entaille, ainsi que des déformations plastiques supérieures à 100 %.
Après une étude fractographique permettant l'identification de la nature des sites à l'origine du déclenchement du clivage, l'étude numérique montre, notamment, l'effet de l'échauffement adiabatique et de la prise en compte de la germination de cavités autour d'une seconde population de particules (carbures) sur la déchirure ductile. L'application de la méthodologie proposée permet de décrire les données de résilience jusqu'à des énergies moyennes de l'ordre de 70 J, englobant les indices TK28 et TK 68. Au delà, il faut introduire une faible dépendance apparente de la contrainte du clivage avec la température. D'autre part, l'évolution de la ténacité peut être décrite jusqu'à des valeurs moyennes de 170 MPa?m sans introduire de dépendance de la contrainte de clivage avec la température.
Goessens, Grégoire. "Étude de la transition entre le plasma de quarks et de gluons et la matière hadronique dans le cadre d'un modèle effectif de la QCD : le modèle Polyakov-Nambu-Jona-Lasinio." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10118/document.
Full textThe quark and gluon plasma (QGP) is a state of matter observed in the collision of heavy ions in accelerators such as the LHC. It is formed at high temperature and / or high density, quarks are then deconfined : free to move and interacting very little with each other. At low temperature and low density, the quarks are, however, confined within hadrons forming the ordinary hadronic matter. The presence of the phase transition between hadronic matter and the QGP has observable consequences whatsoever at high temperature (RHIC and LHC experiments) or high density (FAIR experience, study of compact stars). A first phase transition is linked to the chiral symmetry breaking. In hadronic matter, this symmetry is spontaneously broken. It is restored by increasing the temperature or the density. Beyond the usual discussion on the chiral transition, we use a model called Polyakov Nambu Jona-Lasinio for describing a second transition, the deconfinement transition. This allows to separate the temperature-density diagram in three distinct phases : the hadronic phase where quarks are confined and where chiral symmetry is broken, the phase of the QGP where quarks are deconfined and chiral symmetry is restored and a hypothetical phase called quarkyonic at low temperature and high density in which quarks are confined but where chiral symmetry is still restored. We will describe, at first, the various transitions using the following order parameters : the quark condensate for the chiral transition and the Polyakov loop for the deconfinement one. Then we will see how the evolution of the spectral functions of sigma and pi mesons can provide information on the phase diagram. The chiral transition criterion will be the difference between the masses of these mesons, the mass being taken as the maximum of the spectral function. And the criterion for the deconfinement transition will be the standard deviation (also called variance) of the spectral function. Finally, we discuss how the vector mesons fit in the model, especially the meson, which can act as a probe of plasma properties which are modified by the environment from which it is issued
Heshmatol, Vaezin Seyed Mahdi. "Modèles économiques de gestion des peuplements réguliers, irréguliers ou en transition : illustrations dans le cas du hêtre dans le nord-est de la France." Paris, ENGREF, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENGR0006.
Full textThe forest economic analysis is based on the models of biologic, economic and social nature, and in particular, on three basic models which are the stand dynamic model, the price model and decision model. Theses models are often calibrated for only one stand structure (even-aged or uneven-aged). The coupling of these models makes it possible to bring answers to the various economic questions on the management of forest stands. This thesis aims to develop multiple models to optimize the management of even-aged, uneven-aged and in conversion stands, in the presence of catastrophic risk or not. This thesis studies successively the stand dynamic model, the price model and the decision model in risky situation and even or uneven-aged stand structure. It then articulates these models to constitute an overall theoretic model, suitable for applying, with the help of an adapted calibration, for various species on diverse sites. An example comes to illustrate the theoretical analyses in the case of the beech in the North-East of France and to give an idea of the potential results on the scales of the stand and tree. The illustrations on the stand scale consist in studying the case of the even-aged and uneven-aged stands, and the case of conversion, in presence or absence of risk. In order to show the interest of these combined models at the tree scale, an illustration relates to the economy of the tree, placed in various environments : different productivities, presence or absence of risk and different price-size curves
Demulier, Virginie. "Les determinants psychologiques de la planification des transitions psychosociales : vers une approche dispositionnelle." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA113001.
Full textPost-transitional adaptation depends on transition planning. However, many people do not plan ahead, exposing themselves to psychological distress following the transition. Thus, this doctoral project thus focuses on mechanisms underlying transition planning and attempts to explain individual differences in terms of planning. More precisely, we support the thesis that dispositional variables determine the processes that explain transition planning. Although personality traits are linked to reactions and adaptation to transition, research evaluating the role of personality in transition planning is lacking. Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1991), Beehr’model (1986), the Social Cognitive Career Theory (Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 1994) and the Five Factor Model (Digman, 1990), this doctoral project aims to identify personality factors explaining psychosocial transition planning. It demonstrates that sociocognitive variables contribute to retirement planning from elite sport (study 1). Personality traits influence the planned retirement age from work (study 2). In addition, conscientiousness contributes to career planning among elite athletes through career goals and self-efficacy (study 3). Finally, personality traits predict career planning amongst students (study 4). Overall, this project contributes to highlighting personality traits as determinants of sociocognitive mechanisms of transition planning and further provides a better understanding of processes underlying individual differences in psychosocial transition planning. Finally this doctoral project demonstrates the need to individualize support to better assist individuals in transition preparation
Marchand, Emmanuel. "Le droit antitrust chinois sur le modèle du droit de l’Union Européenne : entre petites incohérences et grandes difficultés." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LAROD036.
Full textFollowing its accession to the WTO on December 11, 2001, China showed ongoing efforts to enact legal reform so as to reflect its market liberalization. From a central planned economy to a market based regulatory principles the road is long and obviously not without bumps. In order to achieve a successful economic reform (and not to say a political one) the country showed a great deal of institutional (ownership restructuring, market oriented industrial policy, decentralization of control etc.) and legal reform. This study examines how China did enact and enforce a competition regime through the 2008 antitrust law on a still recently chaotic and unruly market. If the AML clearly shows China’s willingness to implement an antitrust regime fashioned on the most advanced competition law systems, it also raised many concerns among foreign commentators and businesses that were expected a real markets-rules sacralization. Nevertheless, mainly due to its transitional state and also because of the socialist mindset, the text contend shows a peculiar set of problems that the AML is presumed to tackle from development economies which is suspiciously viewed by some as a way to implement interventionist gears. This paper will attempt to show that taping into foreign experience to shape an antitrust regime in a clearly reluctant and different economic, institutional and political context make such a legal transfer empty of meaning and risky for firm performance. By taking partially advanced antitrust EU provision, China is missing or either preventing the pro-competitive effects of some business behaviour which can only be evaluated with an advance and experienced economic analysis. The AML could be viewed as a medicine originally prescribed to cure little liberal market ills finally given to a socialist market economy facing critical transitional and political related diseases. Nevertheless, in some way, antitrust law is on the rise in China, which now experience many cases illustrating the AML enforcement and a relative success in overcoming the hurdles generated by anticompetitive behaviours. Also, the economic patriotism embodied by China’s antitrust regime could also be the starting point for EU commission to rethink its antitrust policy. That policy, always more liberal, is detrimental to a EU competitiveness in distress. Protectionism is, on that point, a Chinese medicine that could be recommended to the EU to reduce its liberal fever
Raoufi, Aran. "Topics on the Phase Transition of the Lattice Models of Statistical Physics." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS572.
Full textThe underlying theme of this thesis is using probabilistic methods and especially techniques of percolation theory to carry on a non-perturbative analysis of several models of statistical physics. The focus of this thesis is set on spin systems and percolation models including the Ising model, the Potts model, the Bernoulli percolation, the random-cluster model, and the continuum percolation models. The main objective of the thesis is to demonstrate exponential decay of correlations above the critical temperature and study the Gibbs states of the mentioned models
Wouts, Marc. "Le modèle d'Ising dilué : coexistence de phases à l'équilibre & dynamique dans la région de transition de phase." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00272899.
Full textLa thèse comporte quatre chapitres. Dans un premier chapitre, nous adaptons les travaux de Pisztora au cas du milieu aléatoire et établissons une procédure de renormalisation compatible avec la dilution. Dans un second chapitre, nous étudions en détail la tension superficielle de ce modèle, pour la mesure de Gibbs correspondant à un milieu fixé, et pour la mesure moyennée. Nous caractérisons la limite à basse température de chacune de ces quantités et décrivons les formes des cristaux correspondants. Nous montrons que les déviations inférieures de la tension superficielle ont un coût surfacique et donnons une borne inférieure sur la fonction de taux à l'aide de méthodes de concentration de la mesure. Dans un troisième chapitre, nous décrivons le phénomène de coexistence de phases, sous la mesure Gibbs et sous la mesure moyennée. Dans un quatrième et dernier chapitre, nous concluons la thèse avec une application à la dynamique de Glauber, et montrons que l'autocorrélation décroît au plus vite comme une puissance inverse du temps.
Frison-Roche, François. "Le modèle semi-présidentiel, instrument de la transition en Europe post-communiste : Bulgarie, Lituanie, Macédoine, Pologne, Roumanie, Slovénie." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010321.
Full textWitkowski, Nadine. "Etude de la croissance et de la structure électronique des interfaces Ce-Métaux de Transition." Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10226.
Full textEgert, Balazs. "Le taux de change réel dans la transition des pays d'Europe centrale et orientale : aspects théoriques et empiriques." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100079.
Full textFirst, we study the Balassa-Samuelson effect in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia. We use time series and panel cointegration techniques and show that the BS effect works reasonably well in the transition economies under study during the period from 1991:Q1 to 2001:Q2. However, we find that productivity growth does not fully translate into price increases because of the construction of the CPI indexes. We therefore argue that productivity growth won't hinder meeting the Maastricht criterion on inflation in the medium term. In addition, the observed appreciation of the CPI-deflated real exchange rate is found to be systematically higer compared with the real appreciation the Balassa-Samuelson effect could justify. .
Hainque, Elodie. "Transition de poursuite oculaire chez l'homme : vers une compréhension de la constitution d'un modèle interne d'un <>." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066332.
Full textTwo types of eye movements are combined while tracking a moving object: smooth pursuit and saccades. Saccades are rapid redirections of the visual axis between two centers of interest. Because pursuit gain is smaller than one, the eye would increasingly lag behind the target without any correcting movements. Thus, “catch-up saccades” are triggered by the central nervous system (CNS) to cancel this growing position error between the eye and the target. It is widely accepted that an internal model of target motion is used by the CNS to cancel inherent delays between visual input and smooth pursuit motor output, ensuring accurate tracking of moving targets. The amplitude of catch-up saccades triggered during smooth pursuit could be corrected by a delayed sensory signal to account for the ongoing target displacement during catch-up saccades. Yet, recent studies suggested that the correction of catch-up saccade amplitude must also be done through an internal model of target motion. We developed a new paradigm in which the target switches unexpectedly from one target with a non-constant periodic velocity profile to another with a non-constant aperiodic velocity profile. Our results in healthy humans confirm that the CNS uses an internal model of target motion to correct catch-up saccade amplitude. Internal model is being built gradually from 168 ms after the target switch. We show that a common internal model of target motion is shared within the CNS to control smooth pursuit and to correct catch-up saccade amplitude. The potential neuronal substrate of such an internal model will be discussed in the light of the knowledge from the literature on motor and oculomotor control
Massoni, Jacques. "Un modèle micromécanique pour l'initiation par choc et la transition vers la détonation dans les matériaux solides hautement énergétiques." Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX11025.
Full textBaksic, Alexandre. "Transitions de phase quantiques dans le régime de couplage ultrafort de l'electrodynamique quantique." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077165.
Full textQuantum Electrodynamics describes the interaction of light with matter at atomic scale. By placing atoms inside a cavity, it is possible to increase the amplitude of their interaction with vacuum electromagnetic fluctuation. It is even possible to increase it in such a way that a quantum superradiant phase transition occurs, the system passing from a phase called normal (atoms in their ground state and vacuum of photons) to a phase called superradiant (macroscopic number of atomic and photonic excitations in the ground state). However, this theoretical prediction seems prohibited by the "No-go theorem" for superradiant phase transitions. We reconsidered some of the assumptions that led to this theorem and showed that with those new assumptions the superradiant phase transition can occur. We also took advantage of a new field, Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics, which focuses on the behaviour of "artificial" atoms made out of superconducting materials, which are more flexible and controllable than "real" atoms. This greater flexibility, allowed us to consider a new type of superradiant phase transition that led to a richer phase diagram than the traditional one
Winograd, Emilio. "Orbital-selectivity in strongly correlated fermionic systems. From materials to cold-atoms." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112031.
Full textThis thesis focuses on multiorbital aspects of strongly correlated fermionic systems. In particular, it focuses on the existence of orbital differentiation in which coexistence of itinerant and localized character can be associated to different orbitals. This subject is discussed in the context of cold atoms and materials, providing a bridge between both communities.In the first part of the thesis, we give an insight into the problem of strong correlations in materials, and we introduce the concept of 'orbital-selective Mott transition'. We also provide the main tools to understand how materials can be simulated with cold atoms experiments, and we present important related results in the context of the metal-Mott insulator transition. The technical aspects, based on dynamical mean-field theory are also discussed, and the solution of two key models of strongly correlated fermionic systems, i.e., the Hubbard model (HM) and the Falicov-Kimball model (FKM), are reviewed.Then we study in detail the physics of two interacting fermionic species with different masses in an optical lattice. We establish the different phases (with and without long-range order) in terms of the interactions strength (U), mass ratio and temperature (T), and also discuss the thermodynamic variables, which are relevant in cold atoms experiments. We show that in the metallic phase (U below a critical value) and for some degree of mass imbalance, a crossover appears between a Fermi-liquid metallic state at low T, and an 'orbital-selective' state at higher T, where the heavy fermions effectively localize while the light species remain itinerant. Hence, we propose this minimal model for addressing orbital-selective physics with cold atoms experiments.Based on the properties of the studied model, we propose the 'entropic chromatography' as a new method for cooling fermionic atoms in optical lattices. We discuss its efficiency and limitations, and provide some ideas in order to overcome them.In the last part of the thesis we generalize the previous model to a model relevant for multiband correlated materials that can display orbital differentiation. We show that the orbital-selective Mott state can be stable under lattice distortions modeled by local hybridization between the orbitals. However, the Mott state is characterized by a pseudogap, where charge fluctuations abruptly reduce, but the state remains compressible. In connection with the previous model, we discuss the temperature-induced orbital-selective crossover in this problem, we compare our results with photoemission experiments, and predict what would happen in materials that display local hybridization between the bands
François, Marie. "Approche expérimentale d’écoulement gaz/liquide en milieu poreux modèle : application aux lits fixes pour la catalyse hétérogène." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0216/document.
Full textHeterogeneously catalyzed reactions involving a gas and a liquid phase are frequently achieved in fixed bed reactors. These reactors can be described as a porous medium. The complex nature of this medium makes the understanding of the interplay between phases difficult, and requires a thorough study at the global andlocal scale to identify the key parameters of hydrodynamics, mass and heat transfers. Therefore, we have developed a miniaturized two-dimensional system that is transparent to allow the direct observation of the flow with very high spatial and temporal resolution. While varying the total flow rate and the gas/liquid flow rate ratio, we observe the appearance of the trickle and the pulse flow regime, which can be observed in threedimensional beds. Thanks to some image analysis techniques, we are able to quantify and to map the local apparent liquid saturation and the morphology of the phases. Variances analysis allowed the study of the transition for different liquid properties. This approach allowed the comparison with the existing state of art, but also the study of the onset and propagation mechanisms of the instabilities during the transition. We report that the onset of instabilities responsible for the destabilization of the trickle flow regime occurs at a fixed Weber number. This indicates that the pulsed regime is due to the destabilization of the gas/liquid interface by inertial forces. Finally, a preliminary study of thermal transfers in the device was realized. The device was used to perform the exothermic hydrogenation of alpha-methylstyrene. A simple model is used to characterize the temperature increase in the device. Although this approach does not allow quantitative measurements, it opens up the perspective of monitoring thermal transfers with an infra-red camera
Leenhardt, Stéphane. "Etude par excitation coulombienne de la fermeture de couche N = 40." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA112054.
Full textTwo coulomb excitation experiments on neutron rich exotic nuclei have been performed at GANIL. They allowed the measurement of the reduced transition probability B(E2) (from ground state to first excited state) of some nuclei around N = 40. This number, 40, is a half-magic number in the shell model. For nuclei with an important neutron excess, it is predicted that The shell closure is stronger at N = 40. The B(E2) is a good tool for testing this growing [. . . ]
Dallel, Dorra. "Etude expérimentale modèle de l'imbibition capillaire de substrats poreux à volume et structure de pores ajustables." Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00870951.
Full textTarquini, Elena. "Anderson Localization in high dimensional lattices." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS540/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we investigate the behavior of Anderson Localization in high dimension. In the first part we study Lévy Matrices (LMs), a Random Matrix model with long-range hopping presenting strong analogy with the problem of Anderson Localization on tree-like structure, representative of the limit of infinite dimensionality. We establish the equation determining the localization transition and obtain the phase diagram. We investigate then the unusual behavior of the delocalized phase. Using arguments based on supersymmetric field theory and Dyson Brownian motion we show that the eigenvalue statistics is the same one as of the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble in the whole delocalized phase and is Poisson-like in the localized phase. Our numerical analysis confirms this result, valid in the limit of infinitely large LMs, and provides information on the behavior of other observables like the wave-functions statistics. At the same time, numerical results also reveal that the characteristic scale governing finite size effects diverges much faster than a power law approaching the transition and is already very large far from it. This leads to a very wide crossover region in which the system looks as if it were in a mixed phase. In the second part we study numerically the behavior of the Anderson Model in dimension from 3 to 6 through exact diagonalization, Transfer Matrix method and an approximate Strong Disorder Renormalization Group technique. The results we find suggest that the upper critical dimension of Anderson Localization is infinite. Finally, we discuss the possible implications of this scenario on the anomalous behavior of the delocalized phase of models representative of the limit of infinite dimension, like Lévy Matrices and the Anderson model on tree-like structures
Wong, Hua. "Modèle moléculaire multi-échelles de l'architecture de la chromatine : nouveaux outils, nouvelles perspectives." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066527.
Full textHasnaoui, Karim. "Transition de phase et frustration en physique nucléaire et astrophysique." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00337606.
Full textEnachescu, Cristian. "Contributions à l'étude de l'instabilité induite par la lumière dans des solides inorganiques photomagnétiques." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003VERS0018.
Full textJecker, Loïc. "Prévision de la transition bypass à l’aide d’un modèle à énergie cinétique laminaire basé sur la dynamique des modes de Klebanoff." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ESAE0026/document.
Full textThis work aims to develop a new bypass-transition prediction model based on the Klebanoff modes dynamics. To represent these mode dynamics the Laminar Kinetic Energy (LKE) concept has been chosen, in order to model these mode energy with a new variable. A new deffinition is given to the LKE and a transport equation consequently derived to describe the Klebanoff modes growth and destabilisation. This equation is incorporated in a k-omega turbulence model as done by Walters & Cokljat, to give a three-equation kL-kT-omega formulation. This new model is written in a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) pattern and only uses local variables, it thus can be used in an industrial context
Champion, Jean-Marc. "Molécules, algèbres et chaos : le modèle du vibron pour les molécules triatomiques." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10051.
Full textGoessens, Grégoire. "Etude de la transition entre le plasma de quarks et de gluons et la matière hadronique dans le cadre d'un modèle effectif de la QCD : le modèle Polyakov-Nambu-Jona-Lasinio." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00958242.
Full textSimatos, Anita. "Méthode XFEM pour la Modélisation de grandes propagations de fissure en déchirure ductile : Transition d’un Milieu Continu vers une Fissure via un modèle de zone cohésive pour le modèle de Rousselier." Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2010ISAL0064/these.pdf.
Full textHis work extends the applicability of local models for ductile fracture to large crack growth modelization for ductile tearing. This is done inserting a cohesive zone model whose constitutive law is identified in order to be consistent with the local model. The consistency is obtained through the cohesive law incremental construction which ensures the equivalence of the energy and of the mechanical response of the models. The extension of the applicability domain of the local modelization is enabled via the XFEM framework which allows for maintaining the mechanical energy during the crack extension step. This method permits also to introduce the cohesive zone model during the calculation without regards to the mesh of the structure for its maximal !ensile stress. To apply the XFEM ta ductile tearing, this method is extended to non linear problems (Updated Lagrangian Formulation, large scale yield plasticity). . The cohesive zone model grows when the criterion defined in term of porosity, tested at the front of the cohesive crack front, is verified. The cohesive zone growth criterion is determined in order to model most of the damaging phase with the local model to ensure that the modelization takes into account the triaxiality ratio history accurately. The proposed method is applied to the Rousselier local model for ductile fracture in the XFEM framework of Cast3M, the FE software of the CEA