Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'MODÈLE DÉFORMABLE'
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Eveno, Nicolas. "Segmentation des lèvres par un modèle déformable analytique." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007181.
Full textLenoir, Julien. "Modèle déformable 1D pour la simulation physique temps réel." Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2004/50376-2004-187-188.pdf.
Full textCertaines applications, comme la suture d'organe, mettent en jeu plusieurs modèles dynamiques liés ensemble. Pour ce type de simulation, nous proposons une architecture logicielle permettant de simuler des articulations d'objets quelconques (rigides ou déformables) quel que soit le formalisme physique employé pour chacun d'eux. Cette proposition logicielle trouve diverses applications notamment en simulation chirurgicale mais permet aussi de simuler dynamiquement toute articulation d'objets hétérogènes. Certaines manipulations requièrent une souplesse du modèle à des endroits précis, sachant que ces zones peuvent se déplacer lors d'une simulation, par exemple pendant le serrage d'un noeud. Pour cela, nous proposons une multirésolution géométrique et mécanique sur notre modèle qui vise à adapter localement sa résolution afin qu'il puisse s'adapter aux interactions tout en offrant des bonnes performances générales en calcul. On concentre alors le plus gros du temps de calcul sur les zones d'intérêt et on limite ce temps dans les autres zones du modèle. Un critère d'adaptation de la résolution en fonction de la courbure est proposé. Cette technique est particulièrement adaptée à la simulation de noeuds en permettant à la spline d'augmenter le nombre de degrés de liberté et ainsi en lui fournissant une grande souplesse de définition géométrique dans la zone de serrage
Velut, Jérôme. "Segmentation par modèle déformable surfacique localement régularisé par spline lissante." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00262088.
Full textVélut, Jérôme. "Segmentation par modèle déformable surfacique localement régularisé par spline lissante." Lyon, INSA, 2007. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2007ISAL0094/these.pdf.
Full textImage segmentation through deformable models is a method that localizes object boundaries. When difficult segmentation context are proposed because of noise or a lack of information, the use of prior knowledge in the deformation process increases segmentation accuracy. Medical imaging is often concerned by these context. Moreover, medical applications deal with large amounts of data. Then it is mandatory to use a robust and fast processing. This question lead us to a local regularisation of the deformable model. Highly based on the active contour framework, also known as \emph{snake}, we propose a new regularization scheme. This is done by filtering the displacements at each iteration. The filter is based on a smoothing spline kernel whose aim was to approximate a set of points rather than interpolating it. We point out the consistency of the regularization parameter in such a method. It deals with a real, positive$$\lambda$$ value that tunes the cut-off frequency of a low-pass filter. As it is possible to link analytically the cut-off frequency and the sampling frequency, one may give a metric meaning to this cut-off frequency. Moreover a different $$\lambda$$ value should be set at each point through a variation of the filter's coefficients. It induces a local cut-off frequency and a local regularization. This new regularization method should be applied to surfaces. The main difficulty concerns the connectivity of the surface mesh. It has to be 4-valenced everywhere dur to the bidimensionnal fashion of the filter. Segmentation results are given for such meshes. A special process of singular points on spherical mesh is proposed
Taton, Benjamin. "Modèle déformable à densité adaptative : application à la segmentation d'images." Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12872.
Full textBerrini, Elisa. "Modèle géométrique déformable pour la simulation et l’optimisation automatique de forme." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4036/document.
Full textThe precise control of geometric models plays an important role in many domains. For shape optimisation in CFD, the choice of control parameters and the way to deform a shape are critical. In this thesis, we propose a new approach to shape deformation for parametric modellers with the purpose of being integrated into an automatic shape optimisation loop with a CFD solver. Our methodology is based on a twofold parameterisation: geometrical and architectural. The geometrical approach consist of a skeleton-based representation of object. The skeleton is made of a family of B-Spline curves, called generating curve and section curves. The skeleton is parametrised with an architectural approach: meaningful design parameters are chosen on the studied object. Thus, instead of using the control points of a classical B-spline representation, we control the geometry in terms of architectural parameters. This reduce the number of degrees of freedom and maintain a high level description of shapes. We ensure to generate valid shapes with a strong shape consistency control based on architectural considerations. Deformations of the geometry are performed by solving optimisation problems on the skeleton. Finally, a surface reconstruction method is proposed to evaluate the shape’s performances with CFD solvers. We illustrate the parametric modeller capabilities on three problems, performed with an automatic shape optimisation loop: the wind section of an plane (airfoil), the foil of an AC45 racing sail boat and the bulbous bow of a fishing trawler
Howley, Stéphane. "Développement et approche de personnalisation d'un modèle numérique musculaire déformable du cou." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10306.
Full textThe objective of this thesis, as part of the DEMU2NECK European project, was to contribute to develop a 3D, deformable model of the neck, with contractile muscles and including the possibility of patient-specific geometric personalisation. The aim of this model is to contribute to a better understanding of the links that exist between pathologies, cervical spine posture and muscular activation in order to help clinicians and medical devices manufacturers in their decision making process. To achieve this goal, the thesis work was divided into four main tasks: after a i) bibliographic synthesis, ii) a passive generic finite element model was developed and validated. The third step consisted in iii) the development of a finite element muscle model and its integration to the generic passive model. The contractile function of the muscles was implemented during isometric and dynamic simulations of simple functional tasks of the neck. The transverse forces that were transmitted from the muscles to the cervical spine are in good agreement with the hypothesis of a contribution of these forces to the cervical spine stability. The last task covered iv) the personalisation process of the generic model. The responses of subject-specific models based on volunteers were compared with the ones obtained from the generic model. They showed significant differences and, therefore, the scientific relevance of the personalization approach
Lachaud, Jacques-Olivier. "Extraction de surfaces à partir d'images tridimensionnelles : approche discrète et approche par modèle déformable." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004892.
Full textElomary, Youssef. "Modèles déformables et multirésolution pour la détection de contours de traitement d'images." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010656.
Full textNotre propos dans cette thèse est d'étudier ces modèles dans un environnement multirésolution.
Commençant par une étude des contours actifs à haute résolution, nous démontrons un théorème d'existence pour les contours actifs fermés et les contours actifs à extrémités libres. Nous présentons ensuite un nouveau modèle appelé la bulle déformable, qui a l'avantage d'avoir une représentation discrète, d'être relativement robuste au bruit et à la texture et d'agir par faibles déformations.
Ensuite nous étudions quelques techniques de multirésolution, en présentant les avantages et les inconvénients de chacune. A travers une proposition que nous avons montrée, nous établissons le lien entre la multirésolution et la notion de minimisation
d'énergie.
Enfin, nous terminons par une proposition originale qui consiste à faire coopérer les contours actifs et la multirésolution. Cette coopération s'aggrémente de plusieurs approches pour faire passer le contour du haut de la pyramide vers sa base. Elle
associe entre autres une factorisation du modèle des contours actifs, d'une part selon une démarche de type membrane effectuée à basse résolution, et d'autre part selon
une démarche de type plaque mince au travers des différentes résolutions supérieures permettant de réajuster le contour détecté jusqu'à la résolution initiale.
Kermi, Adel. "Reconstructions faciales à partir d'images tridimensionnelles de crânes humains par recalage et modèle déformable pour l'identification de personnes." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004311.
Full textCosta, Maria Jimena. "Segmentation de structures anatomiques du bas abdomen à l'aide de surfaces déformables 3D." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003832.
Full textWan, Xiaoping. "Segmentation d'images : étude comparative de différentes approches de contours déformables." Compiègne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009COMP1825.
Full textImage segmentation is a primordial step in any image understanding process. Deformable models are currently very popular image segmentation approaches, and are still in constant evolution. They are widely applied in various applications of image segmentation. This thesis firstly deals with a qualitative and quantitative comparison performances of eight different representative deformable models. The comparison study is done on synthetic images and real images. A database of synthetic images has been built, each of which represents a typical segmentation diffculty by simulating one particular image degradation. This allows studying and analysing the strengths, weaknesses and limitations of the given approach. The comparison results can help users to choose a particular algorithm for a particular segmentation problem. Secondly, we have proposed improvements for two of the previously studied models in order to overcome some of their serious limitations. We proposed a modified edge detection function to allow Li's model to successfully segment objects with very sharp angles and also major changes on the contribution of the shape prior in the Tsai's model. Indeed, our approach has a tradeoff between the shape priori and the data term offering more flexibility, and on the other hand, uses the Kernel PCA in the training and the modeling of the shape prior, providing a significant increase in impact of the prior on the segmentation result
Schaerer, Joël. "Segmentation et suivi de structures par modèle déformable élastique non-linéaire. Application à l'analyse automatisée de séquences d'IRM cardiaques." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00473199.
Full textSchaerer, Joël. "Segmentation et suivi de structures par modèle déformable élastique non-llinéaire : application à l'analyse automatisée de séquences d'IRM cardiaques." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0128/these.pdf.
Full textTowards an automated interpretation of medical images of the heart The development of imaging techniques can now collect inside the human body and also to characterize the functional status of organs of a patient. Thus, the anatomy and movement of a heart patient can be studied in Magnetic Resonance lmaging (MRI). However, this result aIso result in an increase of information (several hundreds or even thousands of images) that the doctor must understand and synthesize to establish his diagnosis. Lt is therefore essential to develop new software capable of 'digest' this wealth of information in order to highligt the useful result. The proposed development in this thesis falls within this framework. The method being developed aims to quickly generale 30 maps detailed the normality of movement of the heart from the analysis of all the images acquired by the radiologist during an examination in the patient. Il exploits the knowledge available at present on the anatomy and physiology and heart based on a priori model of the anatomy and dynamics cardiac called Elastic deformation gauge. This multidisciplinary work was conducted in collaboration with mathematicians, among others. The theory was developed and translated into a program
Boulos, Mario. "Déshydratation mécano-thermique d’un milieu poreux déformable : modélisation des transferts et développement d’outils de caractérisation adaptés." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14074/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the characterization of strongly deformable porous media in order to model the transfer taking place during drying. The theory of consolidation of Biot reflects the hydro-mechanical coupling occurring during dehydration of a deformable porous medium. Cáceres developed a model based on this theory and on the classical Darcy’s law. It is suitable for large deformations of the solid skeleton and the stress tensor is decomposed according to the so-called Terzaghi’s principle. A simulation using this model requires the information in thermo-physical terms of characteristics. Two experimental setups were developed : one measuring the relaxation charge, the other called dynamic pressurization (DP). The first experiment allowed us to characterize the permeability, Poisson’s ratio and Young’s modulus as functions of water content of the gel. The second experiment showed the importance of taking into account the compressibility of the solid phase in the modeling of the drying of agar gel as well as the effect of the existence of bubbles on the bulk modulus of the water. The establishment of two models followed this experimental study. First, the DP is consistent with the hypothesis of small deformations, a numerical model based on Biot’s equations was carried out to validate the parameters measured and to correct the estimated value of the permeability. A second model reflects the thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling in the convective drying of highly deformable porous media such as agar gel and alumina. The latter is based on the Biot’s theory and on the thermodynamics study of Coussy. It uses the Euler’s method while staying adapted to large deformations
Pons, Jean-Philippe. "Contributions méthodologiques et appliquées à la méthode des modèles déformables." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00457461.
Full textMartin, Sébastien. "Utilisation d'atlas anatomiques et de modèles déformables pour la segmentation de la prostate en IRM." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00374342.
Full textMartin, Sébastien. "Utilisation d'atlas anatomiques et de modèles déformables pour la segmentation de la prostate en IRM." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10287.
Full textIn this thesis we focus on the development of tools for the automatic segmentation of the prostate gland in Magnetic Resonance Images. In a near future, these tools will be used to help clinicians for prostate brachytherapy. Our method is based on the use of both an anatomical atlas and deformable models to achieve an automatic segmentation. We use a hierachical approach composed of three steps. In the first step, a pre-processing of input images is performed to correct the inhomogeneity of images acquired with an endorectal MRI coil. In the second step, the target patient is registered onto an anatomical atlas ; this step allows for a first segmentation of the prostate and of the rectum. In the last step, two deformable models evolve to refine segmentations obtained in the previous step. The segmentation of the rectum is executed first. In a second time, a deformable model evolves to segment the prostate. The segmentation of the rectum is used to constrain the evolution of the prostate deformable model. The anatomical atlas is built using a hybrid registration method. The later both exploits geometric and intensity-based information for mapping a population onto a standard patient. We have shown that this strategy improves the accuracy of obtained automatic segmentations
Cotin, Stéphane. "Modèles anatomiques déformables en temps réel : application à la simulation de chirurgie avec retour d'effort." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00630956.
Full textLi, Xiaobing. "Automatic image segmentation based on level set approach: application to brain tumor segmentation in MR images." Reims, 2009. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00001120.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this dissertation is to develop an automatic segmentation of brain tumors from MRI volume based on the technique of "level sets". The term "automatic" uses the fact that the normal brain is symmetrical and the localization of asymmetrical regions permits to estimate the initial contour of the tumor. The first step is preprocessing, which is to correct the intensity inhomogeneity of volume MRI and spatially realign the MRI volumes of the same patient at different moments. The plan hemispherical brain is then calculated by maximizing the degree of similarity between the half of the volume and his reflexion. The initial contour of the tumor can be extracted from the asymmetry between the two hemispheres. This initial contour is evolved and refined by the technique "level set" in order to find the real contour of the tumor. The criteria for stopping the evolution have been proposed and based on the properties of the tumor. Finally, the contour of the tumor is projected onto the adjacent images to form the new initial contours. This process is iterated on all slices to obtain the segmentation of the tumor in 3D. The proposed system is used to follow up patients throughout the medical treatment period, with examinations every four months, allowing the physician to monitor the state of development of the tumor and evaluate the effectiveness of the therapy. The method was quantitatively evaluated by comparison with manual tracings experts. Good results are obtained on real MRI images
Bailet, Mathieu. "Modèles biomécaniques pour la simulation interactive de l'accouchement." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENM100/document.
Full textThe training to obstetrical gestures performed directly on the patient raise ethical and medico-legal problems. That is why most of the formation is based on in-situ observations. This approach can not handle all the necessary dimensions to the formation such as instrumental extraction, a good level of dexterity or the capacity to take decision in high risk situations.Simulation based training systems can address this formation problems. Neverteless, today's haptic simulators don't provide quantitative informations about the efforts undergone by pelvic organs. This informations are available only through biomechanical simulations of the foetal descent. To be used in conjunction with an haptic simulator, such simulations must be interactive.In this manuscript, first we propose a state of the art of the existing biomechanical models allowing to model the pelvic organs. After having identified the foetal head as the structure that can potentially undergo important damages during childbirth, we present a model of the foetal head based on shell finite elements CST-DKT that we extend to a co-rotationnal formulation and a volume constraint allowing to take in count the intra-cranial matter. A GPU implementation of this model is also porposed to allow interactive simulations. This model is validated on a simulation of intra-uterine pressure undergone by the foetal head during the second phase of childbirth. Finally, we propose a draft of a complete model intended to simulate interactively the feotal descent
Bittar, Eric. "Modèles déformables surfaciques, implicites et volumiques, pour l'imagerie médicale." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004869.
Full textBittar, Eric. "Modèles déformables surfaciques, implicites et volumiques, pour l'imagerie médicale." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1998. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00004869.
Full textChen, Zhibin. "Segmentation of MRI images using non parametric deformable models integrating fuzzy technique." Reims, 2009. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00001122.pdf.
Full textThe research goal of this thesis is to develop an automatic segmentation method to segment brain MRI images into different tissues (gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid), providing quantitative and precise brain measurements. In this dissertation, we have developed three non-parametric deformable models integrating statistical information and fuzzy information of images to segment the brain into different tissue types from multi types of MRI images. We firstly present a histogram analysis based algorithm, where the intensity distribution of the MRI images is modeled via the mixture Gaussian model (MGM). The parameters of components in MGM are estimated via the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm. Then the estimated parameters are used to guide the evolution of the level set curves to achieve the brain tissue segmentation. We then propose an improved algorithm to region-based geometric active contour. Thanks to the new regional term, the new algorithm solves the underlying stability problem associated with the original algorithm, and achieves convergence with less iteration number compared with the original algorithm. Finally, we present a multiclass algorithm by integrating fuzzy segmentation with the level set methods. The algorithm uses a set of ordinary differential equations; each of them represents a class to be segmented. The multiclass algorithm reduces the computational complexity compared with the existing multiphase algorithm, so speeds up the convergence rate. All algorithms are evaluated with simulated and real MRI images, and quantitative analyses are provided. The results are very encouraging
Soussen, Charles. "Reconstruction 3D d'un objet compact en tomographie." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004126.
Full textSermesant, Maxime. "Modèle électromécanique du coeur pour l'analyse d'image et la simulation." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003655.
Full textLacroix, Samy. "Analyse et validation expérimentale d'un modèle de roulement à billes à quatre points de contact à bagues déformables par découplage des effets locaux et structuraux." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0073/document.
Full textBall bearings are one of the most important and most critical part in turbomachine and wind turbine. They require a careful design in order to create reliability and economic relevance, which leads to compact bearings with high dynamic and static load capacity. Then ball bearing encountered in wind turbine must carry high loads, with thin rings regarding mean diameter of the bearing. High speed four point contact ball bearing is another example of thin rings, where internal kinematics is highly linked to raceway geometry, and raceway geometry depends on rings and housing stiffness. For this application, internal and external ring are arched and frequently made of two parts. There stiffness change the internal geometry and interaction with bearings components. It implies a change in load distribution and internal speed. As a consequence bearing and housing stiffness is an important parameter in order to estimate the admissible loads for the bearing. This thesis propose a model for the four point contact ball bearing, mainly for aeronautical turbine engine. This model can account for structural ring deformation as well as of housing deformation. Some existing work and different possibility for such a model are presented in order to define a coupling strategy between an analytical model and a finite element model. The accounting for ring stiffness rely on the resolution of a rigid ring semi analytical model. Then a coupling between this results and finite element results is done in order to account for ring stiffness. Some choices are made for the coupling, especially on ball/ring interaction by using nodal forces to model contact with fidelity. Some methods are evaluated to compute new ring geometry due to contacts with balls. Finally this stiffness is integrated in the semi analytical model in order to compare the behavior of rigid ring bearing with deformable ring bearing. First numerical results on an academic bearing shows change in internal parameter (contact angle, contact ellipse) and a better load distribution. Some experimental tests are made in order to validate the model presented in this thesis. Comparison on axial displacement and ring surface undulation shows that housing stiffness is not negligible even with large ring bearing. This tests show the relevance of a coupling between an analytical model and a finite element model in order to account for ring deformation in four point contact ball bearing
Chu, Baptiste. "Neutralisation des expressions faciales pour améliorer la reconnaissance du visage." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECDL0005/document.
Full textExpression and pose variations are major challenges for reliable face recognition (FR) in 2D. In this thesis, we aim to endow state of the art face recognition SDKs with robustness to simultaneous facial expression variations and pose changes by using an extended 3D Morphable Model (3DMM) which isolates identity variations from those due to facial expressions. Specifically, given a probe with expression, a novel view of the face is generated where the pose is rectified and the expression neutralized. We present two methods of expression neutralization. The first one uses prior knowledge to infer the neutral expression from an input image. The second method, specifically designed for verification, is based on the transfer of the gallery face expression to the probe. Experiments using rectified and neutralized view with a standard commercial FR SDK on two 2D face databases show significant performance improvement and demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Then, we aim to endow the state of the art FR SDKs with the capabilities to recognize faces in videos. Finally, we present different methods for improving biometric performances for specific cases
Senasli, Moussa. "Reconstruction tridimensionnelle des structures vasculaires à partir d'un nombre restreint d'angiographies numérisées à l'aide des modèles déformables : utilisation d'approches stochastiques." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA11T007.
Full textDigital subtraction angiography is a technique that produce pictures "angiograms" of blood vessels by subtracting projection images recorded before and after the injection of a radioopaque contrast agent. The 3D luminal vessel geometry description and visualization is important for the diagnosis and the prognosis of heart attack and stroke. To retrieve the 3D information, it is necessary to take several projections around the patient. However, in clinical situations, due to the dynamics of the process and the limited dose that can be injected, only a few projections can be obtained. Ln this thesis, we developed an original method for reconstructing the 3D morphological vessel wall from a very low number of angiograms. In fact by supposing a homogenous mixing of the contrast agent inside the luminal region, the object to be reconstructed may be considered to be binary. Lnstead of searching the absorption coefficient at every pixel of the vessel lumen, we propose to estimate the boundary of the vessel. A general mathematical framework is then proposed. Regularization is introduced by modeling the vessel boundary slices by smooth contours to get the reconstruction problem well posed. A Bayesian approach is applied to optimize the shape of the contour according to the recorded angiograms and the internal smoothness constraints. The proposed method consist in retrieving the optimal position of the control points that define the shape of the searched vessel contour. The maximum a posteriori solution is given by the minimization of a non convex energy function attributed to the contour and is performed by a simulated annealing algorithm. The energy consists of a data attachment term (the projection of the final solution must fit the recorded angiograms and a regularization term that guides the reconstruction of realistic, diseased or healthy, vessels). Preliminary simulations on noisy and truncated synthetic images show promising results. With only three projections, the method reproduces quite satisfactorily the forms of the different stenosis, at the vessel segment or the branching level. Validation of the method on hardware vessel phantoms is presented
Picinbono, Guillaume. "Modèles géométriques et physiques pour la simulation d'interventions chirurgicales." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00633965.
Full textGuinot, François. "Déploiement régulé de structures spatiales : vers un modèle unidimensionnel de mètre ruban composite." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10019.
Full textThe research department of Thales Alenia Space is studying new concepts of space telescopes whose secondary mirror is deployed thanks to the unreeling of six tape-springs. A breadboard using metallic tape-springs has been built during preliminary studies and has exhibited a deployment that is too energetic and induce too important shocks.In this thesis a new kind of tape-spring with a controlled uncoiling speed is introduced. Secondly a rod model with highly deformable thin-walled cross-sections describing the dynamic behaviour of tape-springs is derived.In order to over come the deployment speed of a tape spring, a viscoelastic layer is stuck on its sides. Thanks to its properties varying with the temperature, the viscoelastic layer is used to maintain the tape-spring in a coiled configuration at low temperature whereas a local heating leads to a controlled uncoiling. These phenomenons have been underlined experimentally and numerically.Because of the high complexity of classical shell models and the lack of details of simplified models, smart modelling methods need to be developed to describe the highly non linear behaviour of a tape-spring. A planar rod model with highly deformable thin-walled cross-sections that accounts for large displacements and large rotations in dynamics is proposed. Starting from a classical shellmodel, the main additional assumption consists in introducing an elastica kinematics to describe thelarge changes of the cross-section shape with very few parameters. The expressions of the strain andkinetic energies are derived by performing an analytical integration over the section. The Hamilton principle is directly introduced in a suitable finite element software to solve the problem. Several examples (folding, coiling and deployment of a tape spring) are studied through the FEM software COMSOL to demonstrate the ability of the 4-parameter model to account for several phenomena: creation of a single fold and associated snap-through behaviour, splitting of a fold into two, motion of a fold along the tape during a dynamic deployment, scenarios of coiling and uncoiling of a bistable tape-spring
Camara, Rey Oscar. "Recalage non linéaire d'images TDM et TEP dans les régions thoraciques et abdominales : étude méthodologique et application en routine clinique." Paris, ENST, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENST0043.
Full textThe aim of this work is to implement an algorithm to achieve a robust, fast enough and good quality registration of thoracic and abdominal CT and 18-FDG whole-body emission PET images. The proposed registration methodology is based on the incorporation of prior anatomical information in an intensity-based non-linear registration algorithm. This incorporation is performed in an explicit way, by initializing the intensity-based registration stage with the solution obtained by a registration of corresponding anatomical surfaces segmented through a hierarchically ordered set of anatomy-specific rules. Deformations are modeled in both registration steps by means of a FFD model. Mutual Information is used as the similarity criterion at the grey-level registration step. Registration errors provided by the visual assessment protocol we have designed are less than 1cm on lungs, heart, liver and kidneys structures but up to 1. 5cm on the stomach
Picault, Elia. "Un modèle de poutre à section mince flexible - Application aux pliages 3D de mètres rubans." Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00921931.
Full textHernández, Esteban Carlos. "Modélisation d'objets 3D par fusion silhouettes-stéréo à partir de séquences d'images en rotation non calibrées." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000862.
Full textBailly, Kévin. "Méthodes d'apprentissage pour l'estimation de la pose de la tête dans des images monoculaires." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00560836.
Full textZhou, Dianle. "Using 3D morphable models for 3D photo-realistic personalized avatars and 2D face recognition." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TELE0017/document.
Full textIn the past decade, 3D statistical face model (3D Morphable Model) has received much attention by both the commercial and public sectors. It can be used for face modeling for photo-realistic personalized 3D avatars and for the application 2D face recognition technique in biometrics. This thesis describes how to achieve an automatic 3D face reconstruction system that could be helpful for building photo-realistic personalized 3D avatars and for 2D face recognition with pose variability. The first systems we propose Combined Active Shape Model for 2D frontal facial landmark location and its application in 2D frontal face recognition in degraded condition. The second proposal is 3D Active Shape Model (3D-ASM) algorithm which is presented to automatically locate facial landmarks from different views. The third contribution is to use biometric data (2D images and 3D scan ground truth) for quantitatively evaluating the 3D face reconstruction. Finally, we address the issue of automatic 2D face recognition across pose using 3D Morphable Model
Chendeb, Safwan. "Chirurgie virtuelle : modélisation temps réel des tissus mous, interactions et système haptique dédié." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005287.
Full textBianchi, Kevin. "Segmentation interactive d'images cardiaques dynamiques." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF1MM23/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the spatio-temporal and interactive segmentation of dynamiccardiac images. It is a part of the ANR 3DSTRAIN project of program "Technologiesfor Health and Autonomy" which aims to estimate full, dense and on several3D+t imaging modalities (such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Single PhotonEmission Computed Tomography (SPECT) and echocardiography) the indexof deformation of the heart muscle : the strain. The strain estimation requires asegmentation step which must be as precise as possible to provide a good estimationof this index. Our work was focused on two main areas : (1) the development of asegmentation model conforms to the shape of the heart muscle and (2) the abilityto interactively and intuitively correct the segmentation's result obtained with thismodel
Manh, Anne-Gaëlle. "Modèles déformables pour la reconnaissance d'adventices." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20208.
Full textRigaud, Bastien. "Radiothérapie adaptative guidée par l’imagerie anatomique." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. https://ged.univ-rennes1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/718ad2cd-1afa-4219-8c54-640c6bf5f6b6.
Full textThe reference treatment for locally advanced cervical carcinomas relies on chemoradiotherapy and brachytherapy (BT). The radiotherapy (RT) is based on a planning made on a single scanner and on the delivery of the treatment. During the treatment, the clinical target volume (CTV) position may change and hamper the precision of the dose delivery, thus, increasing the risk of recurrence and toxicity. The aim of the thesis is the development of new adaptive radiation therapy (ART) strategies in order to take in account the per-treatment anatomical deformations. These approches will have to rely on image processing tools such as deformable image registration (DIR) and data mining to extract the information from the images acquired at the planning and during the treatment. The work of this thesis has led to the definition of two new ART strategies: (1) an evolutive planning library that can be enriched by new per-treatment anatomies; (2) a modeled library based on a population analysis at the time of planning. Finally, in the context of delivered dose estimation, a biomechanical based DIR method is proposed to map the anatomy of the BT, with applicator, toward the anatomy of RT, without applicator. This method is compared to open access and commercially available DIR methods. The geometrical evaluation, show that the proposed adaptive strategies allow to insure a good coverage of the CTV for all the patients while limiting the irradiation of the healthy organs. Such strategies may improve the clinical outcome of the patients
Thieffry, Maxime. "Commande dynamique de robots déformables basée sur un modèle numérique." Thesis, Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019VALE0040/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the design of closed-loop control laws for the specific needs of dynamic control of soft robots, without being too restrictive regarding the robots geometry. It covers the entire development of the controller, from the modeling step to the practical experimental validation. In addition to the theoretical studies, different experimental setups are used to illustrate the results. A cable-driven soft robot and a pressurized soft arm are used to test the control algorithms. Through these different setups, we show that the method can handle different types of actuation, different geometries and mechanical properties. This emphasizes one of the interests of the method, its genericity. From a theoretical point a view, large-scale dynamical systems along with model reduction algorithms are studied. Indeed, modeling soft structures implies solving equations coming from continuum mechanics using the Finite Element Method (FEM). This provides an accurate model of the robots but it requires to discretize the structure into a mesh composed of thousands of elements, yielding to large-scale dynamical systems. This leads to work with models of large dimensions, that are not suitable to design control algorithms. A first part is dedicated to the study of the large-scale dynamic model and its control, without using model reduction. We present a way to control the large-scale system using the knowledge of an open-loop Lyapunov function. Then, this work investigates model reduction algorithms to design low order controllers and observers to drive soft robots. The validated control laws are based on linear models. This is a known limitation of this work as it constrains the guaranteed domain of the controller. This manuscript ends with a discussion that offers a way to extend the results towards nonlinear models. The idea is to linearize the large-scale nonlinear model around several operating points and interpolate between these points to cover a wider workspace
Leroy, Bertrand. "Modèles déformables et modèles de déformation appliqués à la reconnaissance de visage." Paris 9, 1996. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1996PA090015.
Full textBrouet, Remi. "Interactions gestuelles multi-point et géométrie déformable pour l'édition 3D sur écran tactile." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAM073/document.
Full textMulti-touch gesture interactions and deformable geometry for 3D edition on touch screen: Despite the advances made in the fields of existing objects capture and of procedural generation, creation of content for virtual worlds can not be perform without human interaction. This thesis suggests to exploit new touch devices ("multi-touch" screens) to obtain an easy, intuitive 2D interaction in order to navigate inside a virtual environment, to manipulate, position and deform 3D objects. First, we study the possibilities and limitations of the hand and finger gestures while interacting on a touch screen in order to discover which gestures are the most adapted to edit 3D scene and environment. In particular, we evaluate the effective number of degrees of freedom of the human hand when constrained on a planar surface. Meanwhile, we develop a new gesture analysis method using phases to identify key motion of the hand and fingers in real time. These results, combined to several specific user-studies, lead to a gestural design pattern which handle not only navigation (camera positioning), but also object positioning, rotation and global scaling. Then, this pattern is extended to complex deformation (such as adding and deleting material, bending or twisting part of objects, using local control). Using these results, we are able to propose and evaluate a 3D world editing interface that handle a natural touch interaction, in which mode selection (i.e. navigation, object positioning or object deformation) and task selections is automatically processed by the system, relying on the gesture and the interaction context (without any menu or button). Finally, we extend this interface to integrate more complex deformations, adapting the garment transfer from a character to any other in order to process interactive deformation of the garment while the wearing character is deformed
Bricout, Jean-Noël. "Contribution à la modélisation du comportement dynamique d'un manipulateur déformable." Lille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LIL10093.
Full textVieira-Teste, Sylvie. "Représentation de structures géologiques à l'aide de modèles déformables sous contraintes géométriques." Pau, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PAUU3014.
Full textDuval, Benoît. "Optimisation de maillages non structurés dans des géométries déformables." Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUES022.
Full textCasta, Christopher. "Estimation 3D conjointe forme/structure/mouvement dans des séquences dynamiques d'images : Application à l'obtention de modèles cardiaques patients spécifiques anatomiques et fonctionnels." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00835830.
Full textSebbahi, Ali. "Segmentation 2D et 3D par modèles déformables en imagerie cardio-vasculaire." Paris 12, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA120040.
Full textBlanco, Alvarez Armando. "Quelques aspects de l'écoulement d'un fluide visqueux autour d'une bulle déformable : une analyse par simulation directe." Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT103H.
Full textMille, Julien. "Modèle déformables pour la segmentation et le suivi en imagerie 2D et 3D." Tours, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR4051.
Full textDeformabe models such as active contours are general and powerful tools for image segmentation, enabling to add constraints and prior knowledge about the objects to be segmented. Deformable models are geometrical structures deformed by an evolution method in order to fit the object boundaries. Segmentation is expressed as an optimization problem, which purpose is to determine the curbe of the surface minimizing an objective function (an energy), made up of internal terms related to to model's geometrical smoothness and external terms attaching the model to the image data. In this thesis, we develop an active contour model for 2D segmentation and an active surface model for 3D segmentation, both being based on a unified framework. We also extend the surface model to 3D+T segmentation and tracking. We propose several improvements on the greedy algorithm, a numerical method minimizing the objective function. We also develop an original region-based external term, referring it to as narroy band region energy. It combines local and global features about structures of interest and offers advantages relative to the computational cost and consistency with respect to data