Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modèle économétrique de choix'
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Letort, Elodie. "Modélisation micro-économétrique des choix de production des agriculteurs." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1G007.
Full textGuyomard, Hervé. "Investissement et choix technique du secteur agricole francais : étude économétrique." Rennes 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988REN11023.
Full textThis study investigates the structure of french agricultural technology using duality theory and flexible functional forms. The plan of the thesis is as follows. Part 1 discusses data analysis and measurement problems. Part 2 reviews the different generations of input demand models, while paying close attention to the invesment function. Part 3 presents our analysis of french agricultural technology using annual data from 1959 to 1984. TTwo approaches are followed to relax the assumption of full static equilibrium. First, since certain factors cannot be freely varied within the single period of observation, we develop a short-run hicksian equilibrium model : only the variable inputs adjust to their cost minimizing levels, while the quasi-fixed inputs remain fixed. We provide an exhaustive characterization of this model : more precisely, we discuss the underlying assumptions and show how the different possible equilibria can be derived from the knowledge of the short-run hicksian equilibrium. We propose also different possible measures of the disequilibrium, in the price space, in the inputs quantity space and in the output quantity space. Second, the adjusment cost hypothesis is invoked to specify and estimate a system of dynamic demand equations : a disequilibrium process is represented as a generalized partial adjustment model where disequilibrium in one input may affect other inputs
Koutchade, Obafèmi-Philippe. "Hétérogénéité inobservée et solutions en coin dans les modèles micro-économétriques de choix de production multiculture." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NSARE048/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we are interested in questions of unobserved heterogeneity and corner solutions in acreage choice models. To answer these questions, we rely on a NMNL acreage share multi-crop models, of which we propose extensions. These extensions lead to specific estimation problems, to which we provide solutions.The question of unobserved heterogeneity is dealt with by considering a random parameter specification. This allows us to take into account the effects of the unobserved heterogeneity on all the parameters of the model. We show that the stochastic versions of the EM algorithm are particularly suitable for estimating this type of modelOur estimation and simulation results show that farmers react heterogeneously to economic incentives and that ignoring this heterogeneity can lead to biased simulated effects of public policies.In order to take account of the corner solutions in acreage choices, we propose modelling based on endogenous regime switching models with regime fixed costs. Unlike approaches based on censored regression systems, our model is “fully” consistent from a micro-economic viewpoint. Our results show that the regime fixed costs play an important role in farmers’ choice to produce or not some crops and they are, in the short term, an important determinant of acreage choices
Giroux, Amélie. "Modèle ICLV à noyau logit mixte : une application aux choix du type de service résidentiel pour les communications téléphoniques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24055/24055.pdf.
Full textSabra, Mahmoud. "Les choix stratégiques des firmes multinationales et la relation entre les exportations et les IDE : application d’un modèle Probit bi-varié, et d’un modèle de gravité dynamique aux pays Méditerranéens." Thesis, Toulon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUL2002/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we discuss the relationship between exports and FDI, and we aim to find a long-term relationship between these variables. In the course of the thesis analysis, we study empirically the exports and FDI determinants, at macro and micro analysis. This allows us to detect precisely the relationship between the both variables. In other words, this thesis carry out the following points: at micro level (company level), the multinationals are likely to implement the two activities (exports and FDI) to serve the foreign market, but the multinationals strategic choice can also choose between exports and FDI. On this point, the productivity of the multinational corporations and their other characteristics have a crucial role to clarify the mechanism of the choice between strategies and the relationship between exports and FDI. In fact, this is the first empirical part, which is the first similar application on the French companies. In the part, we also distinguish between strategic decisions based on company on the company size (large, very large and both groups of French enterprises).At the macro level, we will seek to identify the simultaneous determinants of exports and FDI. To do so, a gravity system is estimated bivariate dynamic equations to illuminate the role of these determinants and the relationship between exports and FDI. This is the second empirical part, which is applied on the capital and goods exchange between France and ten Mediterranean partners. The choice of these countries based on their importance in French trade. Moreover, the lack of the literature applied to these countries in this area is extra motivation
Capron, Henri. "Econométrie des choix politico-économiques." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213656.
Full textStevanovic, Dalibor. "Application du modèle logit mixte emboîté dans le cadre de l'estimation de la demande de transport." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24130/24130.pdf.
Full textSanga, Dimitri Mwakapoya. "Estimation des modèles économétriques de choix discrets/continus avec choix polytomiques interdépendants, une approche par simulation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0016/NQ43114.pdf.
Full textStempert, Philippe. "Modélisation du choix de l'échange : du marché à la hiérarchie : une reconsidération de O.E. Williamson." Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX24017.
Full textThis thesis takes place in the research agenda of the transaction costs economics. It focuses on williamson's works on asset specificity and comparative costs of production and governance. After the presentation of this model and its extension (riordan and williamson (1985), we attempt tp integrate, in the choice between market and hierarchy, some external factors like market structure and price. The model failure (doesn't match its objectives) conducts us to define a new protocol of choice : transaction break-even point and organizational uncertainty area. The conclusions imply first the introduction of learning and the firm's conception of the evolutionary theory and second the abandon of the neo-classic reference. The definition of production and organizational constraints illustrates this adoption. These last one are determined by the learning capacity of the firm and the item nature which become the the transaction core. Asset specificity no longer determines the transaction procedure, it contributes to its realization
Ji, Zhi Ping. "Transport combiné ou transport routier ? Etude des facteurs de choix entre deux systèmes de transport intérieur de fret." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529459.
Full textGhazouani, Samir. "Transport urbain à Tunis : analyse par les modèles de choix discret." Dijon, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989DIJOE002.
Full textThe whole of this dissertation is concerned with three principal themes. At first, an analysis of fundamental concepts that help apprehension of urban transport problematic seemed needful. We keep in mind, essentially, factors that explain supply and demand of urban transport, working of transport system related to urbanization process, and special characteristics of urban transport in developing countries. Why this last point have been treated in a particular chapter? Because econometric analysis, principal purpose of this work, treat the case of third world's city (tunis). Before practical study, a descriptive report of urban transport in tunis is foregone, the objective of practical study consists to apply a new approach of econometric analysis to tunis. After detailed development of discrete choice models, an attempt consists to apply this kind of modelisation to explain urban travel demand in Tunis
Nauleau, Marie-Laure. "L'efficacité énergétique dans le secteur résidentiel français : analyse des déterminants d'investissement et des politiques publiques." Paris, EHESS, 2015. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01618117.
Full textGiven the share of the residential sector in households' energy consumption, residential energy retrofitting is a burning issue in the climate change policy strategy. All the investment barriers faced by households invite us to explore the investment factors and to assess the efficiency of public policies. In a first part, the thesis studies the investment factors by estimating a discrete choice model on data from the French annual "Energy Management" survey conducted by Ademe, particularly focusing on factors heterogeneity among retrofitting types. A second part of the thesis deals with the assessment of public policy promoting energy efficiency, both from the demand and the supply sides of the energy efficiency markets. Regarding the demand side, the thesis uses two complementary methods: an ex-post econometric study focuses on the French tax credit called Credit d'lmpot Developpement Durable implemented in 2005 while an ex-ante study uses a hybrid energy-economy model to compare different policies. Regarding the supply side, given the high degree of concentration on the energy efficiency markets, we use a theoretical model to assess public policy efficiency in the presence of three markets imperfections: the negative externality linked to C02 and the imperfections of market competition and information inducing price-quality discrimination
Jacquinot, Pascal. "Évaluation des propriétés internes d'un modèle économétrique : application au modèle Muscat." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010031.
Full textThe aim of the thesis is to detect the variable(s) which originated the cyclical behavior of the university of Paris i econometric model, muscat. For this purpose we have performed an internal analysis of this model. Because of its heaviness, the analysis has not been applied directly to the original model. So a maquette, named muscadet, which keeps the endogeneous cycle, has been built. Since it caracteristizes muscat, the use of error correction mechanisms in the maquette has been generalised. That is for us the opportunity to represent more generally this kind of model. Among methods of aggregation, there are automatic procedures and more empirical ones which take care of the specificity of the model. The latters have our preference. The causal analysis is the occasion to highlight the loop variables. They confirm the keynesian structure of muscadet. As we must also study the dynamics of the model, we have recalled the main results on this subject. After, keeping in mind the Kuh, Neese and Hollinger's works on the mqem model, eigenvalues have been computed. Decompositions of multipliers and responses to parameters perturbations allow to exhibit important roots for the model dynamics. One of these roots is complex and is at the origin of the cyclical behavior. Thanks to a sensitivity analysis, the root has been associated with the labor demand
Couderc, Nicolas. "Quatre essais en finance d'entreprise : choix financiers, efficience et valeur." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010044.
Full textNoël, Romain. "International Students Migrations : An analysis of the determinants of localisation and a measure of the economic impacts." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL12033.
Full textThis thesis investigates the determinants of the localisation of international students and international students. A comprehensive analysis focuses on the determinants of student migration to OECD countries. Using estimation methods present in the literature on international trade (Poisson regressions), it appears, in addition to traditional determinants of migration of workers, that the quality of education in the destination countries is a key determinant of student migrations. Furthermore, a network effect (diaspora effect), by qualification, has been demonstrated. An analysis of determinants applied to the French case confirms the results of the previous study and highlights a network effect by age and a strong sensitivity to the costs borne by students during their studies (rental prices…).This thesis also evaluates the macroeconomic impacts of student migration on the French economy through a computable general equilibrium model with overlapping generations. Educating international students represents a cost but this cost may be offset by an increase in the stock of human capital in the economy resulting in a larger growth rate of the GDP. However, the magnitude of gains depends on the size of the students flows and on the share of the students educated in France who will integrate the French labor market, once their studies are completed (retention rate). The students migrations also have an impact on the financing of French retirement system by modifying the inactive/active ratio
Castel, Paulette. "Modèle économétrique de court terme de l'économie uruguayenne." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010031.
Full textA quarterly macroeconomic model of the uruguayan economy is built based on a theoretical model which merges monopolistic competition and disiquilibrium theory. The model also takes into account the main features of the uruguayan economy, such as a long lasting inward orientation, a tradition of high inflation and a signification trade integration with argentina and brazil these features account for increasing returns to scale in manufacturing, generalzed indexation and the rejection of the "small country" assumption. The econometric model is written in a way that allows identifying the structural parameters of the uruguayan economy. The estimates correspond to period 1978 - 1988. The results show that in 1985 (the year of democratic recovery), the revival of unionism increased the workers' market power in wage bargaining. The results also allow to interpret uruguayan business cycles in this period in terms of disequilibria between aggregate supply and demand. The stability of the model is checked by means of a long-run simulation. The latter provides the baseline case to assess the plausible short-run effects of a set of policies aimed either at stabilizing prices or at expanding output
Mbih, Boniface. "Essai sur la manipulation des procédures de choix collectif." Caen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CAEN0509.
Full textOne important problem relating to preference aggregation is the possibility of strategic behaviour. The fundamental result obtained in the early seventies by Gibbard and Satterthwaite establishes that any non dictatorial collective choice procedure selecting a unique outcome is subject to individual manipulation. This result relies on the concept of nash equilibrium. In this work other equilibrium concepts are studied, e. G. The admissible-strategy equilibrium concept (which is more realistic in the context of noncooperative games) and a combination of the concepts of exact equilibrium and nash admissible equilibrium ; results similar to Gibbard-Satterthwaite's are obtained. Evaluation of the proportions of strategic voting opportunities is then explored, for a specific procedure, the plurality rule. For several concepts of equilibrium formulas allowing to obtain exact values with respect to the number of individuals in the society are provided. This is done both in the cases of noncooperative and cooperative games
Bahloul, Damak Siwar. "Un modèle économétrique du marché des télécommunications en Tunisie." Toulouse 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU10008.
Full textIn order to modelize the behaviour of the monopoly of telecommunications in Tunisia we utilize an econometric approach based on the cost function, whose basis is constituted by the theory of duality. Our objective is to analyse the structure of production of telecommunications in Tunisia. To the debate on deregulation that is taking place in many developed countries, we try essentially to determine if the sector we are analysing is a natural monopoly by means of measures based on the results of estimation of cost production. Then we examine the incidence of technological progress on the combination of production factors. Finally we test some structural properties of technology. The cost function is specified by translog functional form. The present study shows that the organisation of telecommunications is independent from the level of economic development of Tunisia
Sghari, Jalloul. "Modèle économétrique d'équilibre du marché des biens d'équipement professionnel." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010023.
Full textThis study aims toconstruct an investment goods market equilibrium model from the supply-side. The two-sector neoclassical model of economic growth constitutes its theorical frameworek. The equilibrium model is represented by the equations of supply, imports, investment demand, exports and stock variation, to which is added the equilibrium constraint. The estimation by the maximum likelihood method gives better results than that obtained by the ordinary least square method. The variational analysis has constituted a positive test of validity of our results. The variants are not only reasonnable from an economic point of view but concern important mecanisms neglected by traditional keynesian models
Karray-Driss, Zouhour. "Coopération technologique des firmes et compétences pour innover : une modélisation des choix appliquée à l'industrie française." Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10031.
Full textThe thesis shows that the engagement of a company in technological ccooperative agreement depends on its competences. It proposes to determine and to analyze the micro-foundations of the company engagement in technological cooperative relations. The objective is to exceed a primarily contractual logic in order to situate technological collaboration in a context of resources creation
Mangot, Mickael. "Choix intertemporels : un modèle comportemental d'escompte quasi-hyperbolique." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00165187.
Full textNous abordons ensuite le cas où une des options de choix fait naître une préférence « viscérale » et celui où une option fait figure de statu quo, induisant de nouvelles incohérences. Nous testons le modèle général d' « escompte séquentiel » et le modèle avec statu quo à partir de données expérimentales. Enfin, nous appliquons la modélisation aux décisions d'épargne de cycle de vie. L'individu est supposé être assujetti en permanence à des signaux de consommation qui induisent chez lui une préférence pour la consommation immédiate qu'il ne peut anticiper. Ce faisant, il expérimente constamment des excès de consommation par rapport à ses plans. Nous montrons que l'existence d'un actif illiquide peut lui permettre de contraindre ses consommations futures et d'éviter une insuffisance d'épargne critique au moment du passage à la retraite.
Mangot, Mickaël. "Choix intertemporels : un modèle comportemental d'escompte quasi-hyperbolique." Paris 1, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00165187.
Full textGaaloul, Sofiène. "Elaboration d'un modèle macro-économétrique d'analyse conjoncturelle et de prévision pour la Tunisie." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VERS001S.
Full textThis thesis aims to elaborate a macro-econometric model for the Tunisian economy which can serve as an analytical tool for economic diagnostics, simulation and short term forecasting. This model builds on a critical analysis of the main used national econometric models and is intended to understand the reality of the Tunisian economy and its future challenges. To this end, the model is distinguished by basic features namely the incorporation of the methodological change in the national accounting framework, the quantification of labor forces according to education level, the estimation of a wage-price loop and the State budget modeling
Hachicha, Nejib. "Stratégie de spécialisation internationale de la Tunisie : modèle économétrique d'aide à la décision." Paris 9, 1989. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1989PA090024.
Full textJaffre, Jean-Claude. "Perspectives charbonnières dans la communauté européenne à l'horizon 1990-1995 : un modèle économétrique." Paris 9, 1985. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1985PA090056.
Full textComtois-Rousseau, Émilie. "L'impact de la politique familiale de 1997 sur le choix de localisation des ménages québécois." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26849/26849.pdf.
Full textBonnet, Odran. "Individual housing choices and aggregate housing prices : discrete choice models revisited with matching models." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IEPP0010.
Full textThe first two of the three chapters of this thesis examine the identification and the estimation of discrete choice models. The first chapter proves the equivalence between matching models and discrete choice models, and draws the consequences in terms of identification and estimation. The second chapter builds on the results of the first, and uses matching algorithms to estimate the marginal willingness to pay of households for various housing and neighborhood characteristics in Paris (such as school performance, crime level, distance to employment areas). The third chapter deals with another topic: it first shows that the recent rise in the capital-income ratio highlighted by Thomas Piketty in his book is due to the rise in housing prices, and it then explores the consequences in terms of wealth distribution
Lenoir, Magalie. "Caractérisation d'un modèle animal d'addiction : de la compulsion au choix." Bordeaux 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR21525.
Full textDrug addiction is defined as compulsive drug use - that is, excessive and difficult to control despite negative consequences. A critical problem in current addiction research is to understand the transition between controlled and compulsive drug use. A rat model of the transition to cocaine addiction was recently developed and partially validated. The goal of my thesis was to continue the validation of this model. My specific aims were : 1) to finish the validation of the model with cocaine, 2) to generalize the validation of the model to heroin, 3) to study the potential existence of common mechanisms underlying cocaine and heroin compulsive consumption. Our main results demonstrated that regardless of the tested drug (cocaine or heroin), most individuals with prolonged drug exposure developed most of the behavioral signs of addiction. Surprisingly, however, rats did not show a progressive neglect of alternative rewards after a prolonged access to the drug. In fact, when they had the choice, rats preferred an intense sensation of sweetness (saccharin or sucrose) to an artificial stimulation of drug. The unexpected discovery that intense sweetness surpasses drug reward may lead to : i) a reformulation of current neurobiological theories of addiction ii) a reappraisal of the postulate of a continuity between animals and humans in addiction vulnerability and/or iii) a re-ordering in the hierarchy of potentially addictive stimuli
Syed, Saifullah. "Un modèle économétrique et comptable de l'impact du prix de l’Energie sur l'inflation en France." Paris 9, 1985. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1985PA090057.
Full textMohamed, Zain-Eddine. "Étude économétrique de la fonction d'investissement : estimation d'un modèle à plusieurs régimes sur données sectorielles." Toulouse 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU10027.
Full textInvestment decisions concern four maskets (product market, capital market, financial market, labot market). Desequilibrium in these markets implicate the investment demand. One can distinguish the walrassien demand model, and the effective demand models which incorporate different constraints from certain markets. Our object is to distinguish the intensity of that constraints by the estimation of a switching model. Our framework is an economy a little disaggregated, here the different branches of the manufacture in france
Vidal, Denis. "Une étude économétrique appliquée du comportement des ménages et son intégration dans un modèle macroéconomique." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010063.
Full textChiha, Aymane. "Marchés financiers et croissance économique dans les pays de Sud-Est asiatique : un modèle économétrique." Toulouse 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU10005.
Full textIn this research task, we present a certain number of empirical results concerning the articulation between the development of the financial markets and the growth rate of the economies of the emergent countries of Southeast Asia. We defend the thesis according to which the existence of a money market in an emergent country can be regarded as a source of economic growth. We show that the financial markets, because their strong growth rate and their high output rate can support the economic growth by ensuring a better adequacy of investment savings, as well as by identifying and diversifying the risk of liquidity. This is not only for the benefit of national and international investors, but all the economy. We underline, that the opening of the financial markets to foreign investment constitutes, for the emergent countries, a great opportunity. The economies of these emerging countries need enormously these flows of capital. However, the size as well as the nature of these flows of capital and the speed to penetrate the economic systems can cause certain problems at the level of macroeconomic management and can have destabilizing effects. The Asian financial crisis points out in a particularly, spectacularly way, that the countries which open their financial markets to foreign capital become, in the case of reversal of the investor's confidence, vulnerable to massive exits of capital; what is likely to involve a strong depreciation of their currency, a destabilization of their financial system and a serious degradation of their economic results. Although the financial crises are inevitable, it is, however, possible to reduce the frequency and gravity of it. Consequently, the prevention of the crises is a priority
Chuffart, Thomas. "Problèmes de choix de modèles dans la volatilité conditionnelle." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM2022.
Full textThis Ph.D. thesis composed by three chapters contributes to the development of model selection in GARCH-type models.The first chapter investigates whether the most common selection criteria lead to choose the right specification in a regime switching framework. We propose simulation experiments which reveal the inefficiency of some selection criteria in particular cases which lead to misspecification. Depending on the Data Generating Process used in the experiments, great care is needed when choosing a criterion.In the second chapter, a misspecication test for GARCH-type models is presented. We propose a Lagrange Multiplier type test based on a Taylor expansion to distinguish between (G)ARCH models and unknown nonlinear GARCH-type models. This test can be seen as a general misspecication test. We investigate the size and the power of this test through Monte Carlo experiments. We show the usefulness of our test with an illustrative empirical example based on daily exchange rate returns.In the third chapter, we study the impact of oil price returns on sovereign Credit Default Swaps (CDS) spreads for two major oil producers, Russia and Venezuela. Using daily spreads from 2008 to 2015, we find that crude oil price returns are a critical determinant of Venezuela CDS spreads changes, but does not explain significantly Russian CDS spreads. Indeed, oil prices seem to impact Russian CDS spreads through the exchange rates canal. Finally, we propose as an appendix the manual of the MSGtool, a MATLAB toolbox, which provides a collection of functions for the simulation and estimation of a large variety of Markov Switching GARCH (MSG) models
Martinez, Marie-José. "Modèles linéaires généralisés à effets aléatoires : contributions au choix de modèle et au modèle de mélange." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00388820.
Full textHomocianu, George Marius. "Modélisation de l’interaction transport-urbanisme : choix résidentiels des ménages dans l’aire urbaine de Lyon." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO22001/document.
Full textThe objective of the thesis is to propose a modeling of the residential behaviors of the households: the choice of change of residence (or removal), and the choice of the new location. This type of models aims at envisaging the probability that a household changes residence and its choice of new location, according to a certain number of explanatory variables. In our case, modeling is founded on the discrete choice theory (random utility approach). Research is based on the Lyons case, the model being built on the urban area of Lyon, on data of the year 1999. In terms of results, side of residential mobility, it should be retained that the variables which explain the variation of the degree of mobility (of the rate of removal) of the households are the age of head, the number of children and the statute of occupation of housing. With regard to the households location, the preferences of the households for a zone are related on the characteristics of those and particularly to accessibility on various opportunities and services, which confirms that among the factors which influence the location behavior of the households one finds accessibilities, and thus, the assumption of the existence of a relation between transport and land use. It was also found that the characteristics of the households like age of head, income or household size have an influence on their location choices. The study and the results of the models suggest that improvements and new directions of research are possible. Thus, on the side of residential mobility, there could be other variables which justify the housing change, like characteristics of the residence, residential environment or other characteristics of the households not observed. It would be also interesting to estimate the location model at a finer geographical level (îlot). Other alternatives of modeling of the residential decisions of the households would be to model a hierarchical structure of the choices, by a hierarchical or nested logit, or to model the life cycle, whit its components family, residential and professional, which are in interdependence (in condition of availability of necessary data)
Cruz, Jorge Garcia de la. "Choix et risque en contexte de projet : conception d'un modèle décisionnel." Aix-Marseille 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX30033.
Full textRochat, Denis. "Etude empirique des comportements de choix : applications à l'économie des transports et à l'enseignement supérieur." Cergy-Pontoise, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CERG0058.
Full textOuedraogo, Mahamady. "Les déterminants des choix de programmes d'études postsecondaires au Canada : évolution entre 2005 et 2013." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28093.
Full textThe objective of this research is to identify the factors that determine the choice of post-secondary education in Canada. Some Canadian's sectors of the economy experience a labor shortage, while other sectors experience a plethora. Thus, it is important to examine and understand the factors that motivate young people in their professional aspirations, in order to provide research-based evidence to inform policy makers for policy options. To achieve this, we implemented a multinomial probit model, taking into account the equations of academic outcomes, labor market and post-graduate income. This takes into account the correlation between the type of studies undertaken and these socio-economic and academic indicators. We found that demographic factors such as age, gender; income factors such as debt, bursary and parental factors have an impact on the choice of studies.
Wiesel, Ehud. "Choix du transport commercial : un modèle de choix discret appliqué à la clientèle Thalys sur la liaison Paris-Bruxelles." Valenciennes, 2009. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/7dc46cad-5219-4dd8-9181-dd6f36f6a4f5.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to decipher the choice-behaviour of clients and know their preference-systems. We seek to construct a concrete model, confronted with the real-life application that can explain the choice done by a client who wants to travel in the context of commercial transportation for intercity travel with compulsory reservation. Discrete choice theory is considered as modelling tool. Two delicate elements that appear in the implementation are the choice-set generation and the similarity among alternatives. The main source of information is the register of historic transactions. The choice-set of a client is not easily identifiable; the number of existing alternatives is very high and we only know which alternative was actually chosen. In addition, alternatives, share various aspects. We propose a multivariate extreme value model based on the available data that integrates latent classes. It takes account of transactions on the most detailed level and its implementation consists of several stages based on Marketing surveys and statistical estimation. The relevance of the model is emphasized via a case study that concerns the transactions made out during a one year period on a given link. Taking account of the network specificities we obtain estimators that we can interpret and that allow prediction of market-shares and price-elasticity evaluation. The obtained results, for different clients segments and periods of the year, are consistent and comparable with the real market-shares
Rousseau, Nicolas. "Choix de portefeuille, de consommation et d'épargne." Paris 9, 1999. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1999PA090062.
Full textVekeman, Francis. "Choix de véhicules et demande de kilométrage : une approche microéconométrique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/22137/22137.pdf.
Full textA discrete/continuous choice model is used to analyze the ownership of private motor vehicles and their use in Quebec. The estimation of the discrete choice model is based on the Mixed Logit specification and each of the 224 different vehicle models appears as specific element of the choice set. A generalization of Heckman’s correction term is incorporated in the vehicle use equation for each alternative. The data come from a special survey conducted by the Société de l’assurance automobile du Québec in 1996-1997. The empirical results show that car choice is highly related to driver’s age and fuel consumption. Prices of car do not affect the probability of owning most of vehicle classes, including SUV. Gender, household location, age, and fuel price are among the main determinants of car use.
Al, Sarray Basad. "Estimation et choix de modèle pour les séries temporelles par optimisation convexe." Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA2084.
Full text[…] this study presents some of machine learning and convex methodes for ARMA model selection and estimation based on the conversion between ARMA –AR models and ARMA-State Space Models. Also in this study, for a time series decomposition and time series components analysis some of convex methods are implemented and simulated. The results show the ability of convex methods of analysing and modelling a given series
Jolivaldt, Philippe. "Contrôle de l'ensemble de bon choix de modèle dans un problème d'identification." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010052.
Full textZamble, Bi Gouresser Lambert. "Une analyse historique et prospective de l'économie mondiale des bois d'œuvre tropicaux à l'aide d'un modèle économétrique." Paris 9, 1993. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1993PA090056.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is the conception of an explanatory and estimated econometric model of tropical timbers main exchanges flows and prices evolution mechanisms and the determination, with this model simulation, of this trade impact on the concerned developing countries economic development
Seghouane, Abd-Krim. "Choix de structures de modèles pour traitement robuste." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112244.
Full textParametric model identification is an important issue in various research areas like automatic, signal processing, economy and statistics. Defined as the mathematical description of a process from a set of empirical data, model identification have been treated from a theoretical view point by numerous authors and it has application in many practical areas. In this work, we have been interested in the robustness property of the parametrical model used for identification, and in the robustness of the identification procedures. This leads us to consider differently some hypotheses that are generally made in this area. In a first time, parametrical estimation methods have been developed. The error in variables model has been used to construct two parametrical estimation procedures that guaranty the robustness to noise on the experimental inputs. The robustness to noise on the operating inputs has been reviewed in different form and discussed. A means that guaranty the efficiency of the estimation procedures dedicated to this kind of robustness has been proposed. In a second time, we have oriented our interest to the model selection problem. The model selection method that lie on the use of the robustness to noise on the operating inputs property has been reviewed and discussed, and an amelioration has been proposed. The AIC criterion derivation philosophy has been used to construct and to propose another model selection criterion that is more robust for a small sample set. This philosophy is also used to construct a new model selection criterion that is more robust for sample set with missing data
Adès, Julie. "L'impact du cadre réglementaire fédéral de réduction d'émissions de gaz à effet de serre de 2007 sur les choix des sources d'énergie de l'industrie québécoise des pâtes et papiers." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26836/26836.pdf.
Full textTilmont, Daniel. "Les choix financiers des PME : un modèle fondé sur les caractéristiques des dirigeants." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00646570.
Full textBaudry, Jean-Patrick. "Sélection de modèle pour la classification non supervisée. Choix du nombre de classes." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00461550.
Full textKuhn, Emmanuel. "Contribution à la conception optimale d'une motorisation hybride parallèle : Choix d'un modèle d'accumulateur." Compiègne, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004COMP1520.
Full textThis work deals with the dynamical and energetical modeling of a 42 V NiMH battery, the model of which is taking into account into a control law for an hybrid electrical vehicle. Using an inventory of the electrochemical phenomena, an equivalent electrical scheme has been established. Ln this model, diffusion phenomena were represented using non integer derivatives. This tool leads to a very good approximation of diffusion phenomena, nevertheless such a pure mathematical approach did not allow to represent energeticallosses inside the battery. Consequently, a second model, made of a serie of electric circuits has been proposed to represent energetical transfers. This second model has been used in the determination of a control law which warrants an autonomous management of electrical energy embedded in a parallel hybrid electrical vehicle, and to prevent deep discharge of the battery
Español, Paula. "Contraintes financières, structure productive et exportations : déterminants microéconomiques de la fragilité financière en Argentine pendant les années 1990." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0132.
Full textThis thesis studies some microeconomic mechanisms that enhanced the financial fragility created by the macroeconomic regime in Argentina during the 1990s, a period characterised by a process of financial liberalisation and a rigid currency regime. In particular, I study whether financial constraints on investment decisions exist and what the main determinants of firms' décisions to exports are. Using firm-level panel-data techniques, the thesis confirmed, firstly, the existence of financial constraints. Secondly, these constraints proved to be stronger for firms in tradable sectors than in non-tradable sectors. Thirdly, start-up sunk cost on export decisions are important, which implies hysteresis exists on exchange rate policy. Fourthly, heterogeneity prevails at micro level. Finally, financial and innovation strategies are significant determinants of the probability to export