Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modèle PITM'

L'objectif de ce travail est de prendre en compte les instationnarités naturelles à grande échelle dans les écoulements décollés et à un coût plus faible que la LES, tout en s'intéressant à la modélisation des effets de paroi par des modèles statistiques au second ordre. S'inspirant des approches de Durbin, le modèle à pondération elliptique EB-RSM reproduit l'effet non-local de blocage, en résolvant une équation différentielle sur le terme de pression. La limite à deux composantes de la turbulence est bien prédite en canal. Ce modèle est appliqué à la marche descendante, dans une approche URANS. Nous avons montré que les erreurs numériques peuvent être suffisantes pour exciter le mode le plus instable de la couche cisaillée, et aboutir à une solution instationnaire. La solution est stationnaire quand on raffine le maillage, rendant l'URANS peu fiable. Récemment, Schiestel \& Dejoan ont proposé le modèle hybride non-zonal PITM. Le coefficient $C_{\e_2}$ de l'équation de la dissipation devient fonction de la coupure dans le spectre, et la valeur $C_{\e_1}=3/2$ est déduite par ces auteurs. Nous avons donné une formulation plus générale où la valeur de $C_{\e_1}$ est quelconque. Pour offrir un formalisme plus cohérent aux modèles hybrides non-zonaux dans les écoulements de paroi, une approche basée sur un filtrage temporel est proposée. Enfin, l'adaptation du modèle EB-RSM dans un cadre hybride a été réalisée. Les résultats en canal sont encourageants : la transition continue d'un modèle RANS en proche paroi à une LES au centre du canal est mise en évidence. Le transfert d'énergie des échelles modélisées vers celles résolues est bien reproduit quand on raffine le maillage.

Open-pit mining is an operation in which blocks from the ground are dug to extract the ore contained in them, and in this process a deeper and deeper pit is formed until the mining operation ends. Mining is often a highly complex industrial operation, with respect to both technological and planning aspects. The latter may involve decisions about which ore to mine and in which order. Furthermore, mining operations are typically capital intensive and long-term, and subject to uncertainties regarding ore grades, future mining costs, and the market prices of the precious metals contained in the ore. Today, most of the high-grade or low-cost ore deposits have already been depleted, and to obtain sufficient profitability in mining operations it is therefore today often a necessity to achieve operational efficiency with respect to both technological and planning issues. In this thesis, we study the open-pit design problem, the open-pit mining scheduling problem, and the open-pit design problem with geological and price uncertainty. These problems give rise to (mixed) discrete optimization models that in real-life settings are large scale and computationally challenging. The open-pit design problem is to find an optimal ultimate contour of the pit, given estimates of ore grades, that are typically obtained from samples in drill holes, estimates of costs for mining and processing ore, and physical constraints on mining precedence and maximal pit slope. As is well known, this problem can be solved as a maximum flow problem in a special network. In a first paper, we show that two well known parametric procedures for finding a sequence of intermediate contours leading to an ultimate one, can be interpreted as Lagrangian dual approaches to certain side-constrained design models. In a second paper, we give an alternative derivation of the maximum flow problem of the design problem. We also study the combined open-pit design and mining scheduling problem, which is the problem of simultaneously finding an ultimate pit contour and the sequence in which the parts of the orebody shall be removed, subject to mining capacity restrictions. The goal is to maximize the discounted net profit during the life-time of the mine. We show in a third paper that the combined problem can also be formulated as a maximum flow problem, if the mining capacity restrictions are relaxed; in this case the network however needs to be time-expanded. In a fourth paper, we provide some suggestions for Lagrangian dual heuristic and time aggregation approaches for the open-pit scheduling problem. Finally, we study the open-pit design problem under uncertainty, which is taken into account by using the concept of conditional value-atrisk. This concept enables us to incorporate a variety of possible uncertainties, especially regarding grades, costs and prices, in the planning process. In real-life situations, the resulting models would however become very computationally challenging.

This thesis presents different Internet Protocol (IP) multicasting design models and together with their implementation methods in OPNET Modeler 14.5. The models presented in this report are designed for handling various types of advanced multimedia applications and services when using the multicast communication paradigm. The architectural models presented in this thesis are independent of the routing protocols used as well as of the underlying networking environment. Several exiting challenges related to high bandwidth requirements, low network delay, and jitter are discussed together with these design models, and are simulated using the OPNET Modeler. The emerging demands for new multicast capable applications, for both real-time and non real-time traffic are considered together in this report in order to better evaluate multicast traffic requirements. Efficient routing methods, group management policies, and shortest path algorithms are also discussed in the proposed models. The pros and cons of IP multicasting are described using the Protocol Independent Multicast Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) method, in the highlight of the proposed design models. Several results related to link utilization, end-to-end delay, packet loss, PIM control traffic, Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP), and network convergence are obtained by using already available statistical methods and modules from OPNET Modeler. Our major contribution with this thesis work relates to components associated with network convergence, routing delay, and processing delay. These components are illustrated in this thesis using various OPNET metrics. Moreover, several issues related to protocol scalability, supportability, performance optimization and efficiency are also presented by using OPNET’s build in reports, i.e., executive flow and survivability analysis reports.
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PiT1/SLC20A1 a été identifiée pour la première fois comme récepteur rétroviral, puis de nombreuses autres études réalisées in vitro ont permis de révéler ces différentes fonctions. PiT1 est notamment un transporteur de phosphate-sodium dépendant. Par le biais de cette activité de transporteur de phosphate inorganique (Pi), PiT1 est impliqué dans plusieurs processus cellulaires comme la minéralisation osseuse, la calcification vasculaire (dans certaines pathologies), et la réabsorption rénale et intestinale de Pi. Dans notre laboratoire, afin de mieux caractériser les fonctions physiologiques de PiT1, un Knock Out (KO) total pour cette protéine a été généré. Les souris présentent un phénotype létal embryonnaire et une atteinte hépatique. Au vu de ces résultats, d’autres études, réalisées dans le laboratoire, ont mis en évidence l’implication de PiT1 dans la prolifération et l’apoptose cellulaire. Ces fonctions nouvellement décrites sont spécifiques à PiT1 et indépendantes de sa fonction de transporteur de Pi.Les objectifs majeurs de mon travail de thèse ont consisté à mieux comprendre le rôle de PiT1 dans les mécanismes apoptotiques déclenchés par le TNF-α. Pour cela, j’ai étudié la cascade d’activation du TNF-α dans les cellules Hela exprimant de manière stable un shPiT1 ou un shScramble. En effet, mes résultats suggèrent que l’association de TRAF2 ; un élément clé de l’activation de la voie des MAPKs ; à PiT1 par le bisais de sa large boucle intracellulaire, permettrait la dissociation des kinases en amont de la voie des MAPKs, GCK (MAP4K) et MLK3 (MAP3K), induisant leur désactivation et ainsi la régulation négative de JNK. La désactivation de JNK induit à son tour à l’inhibition des caspases et donc la signalisation apoptotique. Par ailleurs, j’ai montré que la suractivation de JNK dans les cellules invalidées pour PiT1 corrèle avec la dissocition antérieur du complexe TRAF2-cellular Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (cIAPs). Ainsi, le complexe pro-apoptotique formé de la caspase-8, la protéine FAS-Associated via Death Domaine (FADD) et du Receptor Interactinf Protein 1 (RIP1) était plus actif.Par ailleurs, la boucle PiT1 et la boucle PiT2 ; son homologue ; ont été échangées, permettant ainsi l’obtention des protéines chimères P2-BclP1 et P1-BclP2. Celles-ci représenteraient des outils intéressants pour mieux comprendre les mécanismes cellulaires engagés dans cette voie apoptotique. Enfin, le rôle de PiT1 dans l’apoptose induite par le TNF-α étudié dans des modèles cellulaires a été confirmé dans deux modèles murins faisant ainsi et pour la première fois un lien entre PiT1 et une pathologie inflammatoire, l’hépatite fulminante. Ces résultats montrent que l’absence de PiT1 sensibilise le foie à l’apoptose; à l’appui d’autres résultats ; PiT1 pourrait être considéré comme une cible thérapeutique dans des pathologies inflammatoires et cancéreuses
PiT1/SLC20A1 was identified for the first time as retroviral receptor then phosphate inorganic-dependent sodium transporter activity. Through this more a function of phosphate inorganic (Pi) transporter, PiT1 is involved in multiple cellular processes such as bone mineralization, vascular calcification, renal and intestinal reabsorption of Pi. In our laboratory, a total mice Knock Out (KO) for this gene encoding for PiT1 was generated to characterize its physiological functions. The embryonic mice PiT1 KO have a lethal phenotype through liver damage. We have previously found that additional transport-independent functions. PiT1 is involeved in proliferation and in the regulation of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-induced apoptosis. Modulated cells was mediated by an increased activation of c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK).The aim of my study was to define the role of PiT1 in apoptotic mechanisms of TNF-α signaling. For that, I have studied the regulation cascade of TNF-α pathway in Hela cells expressing shPiT1 or shScramble. My results suggest that intra-cytoplasmic loop domain of PiT1 was interact with TRAF2 ; a key element in the MAPK pathway activation. Furthermore, we also have shown that TNF-induced association of two JNK upstream kinases (Germinal Centre Kinase (GCK or MAP4K) and Mixed Lineage Kinase 3 (MLK3 or MAP3K) to PiT1 suggesting that PiT1 inducing their deactivation and thus down-regulation of JNK. Furthermore, we have shown that JNK increased signalling in PiT1-depleted cells correlates with the earlier dissociation of TRAF2 – cellular Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (cIAPs) complexes. Thus, the apoptotic complex formed by caspase-8, Fas-Associated protein via Death Domain (FADD) and Receptor Interacting Protein 1 (RIP1) was more effectively activated. Moreover, PiT1 and PiT2 loops, were exchanged, thus allowing obtaining chimeric proteins BclP1-P2 and P1-BclP2. These proteins represent valuable tools to explore the mechanisms involved in the apoptotic pathway. Finally, we confirmed the relevance of these observations in vitro and showed that PiT1 gene conditional deletion in the liver of adult mice increases their sensitivity to fulminant hepatitis TNF-induced. These results are the first report of the involvement of PiT1 in a fatal pathology

L'optimisation de la durée de vie d'une batterie nécessite la prédiction de son vieillissement et donc l'identification des mécanismes de vieillissement qui en sont à l'origine. Pour pallier les limitations des outils de caractérisation du vieillissement classiquement utilisés (mesures intermittentes de performance au cours du vieillissement et tests de caractérisation post-mortem), des outils d'étude non destructive de l'état des électrodes en cours de vie ont été mis au point et testés. Il s'agit d'un modèle multiphysique de fonctionnement de la batterie lithium-ion et de deux méthodes d'extraction de paramètres in-situ : la première basée sur le traitement de la dérivée du profil de tension et la seconde sur la différence des pentes de profils de tension entre l'état neuf et l'état considéré. Les paramètres non disponibles mais nécessaires à l'établissement du modèle multiphysique d'un élément ont été estimés pour différents états de charge et différentes températures. Ce modèle a été validé par comparaison avec des mesures expérimentales. L'application de ces outils est illustrée dans le cas de trois mécanismes de vieillissement différents. En outre, ces outils ont été plus particulièrement appliqués au vieillissement par dépôt de lithium. L'utilisation du modèle de l'élément commercial VL41M Saft a permis de dresser un abaque de ses courants limites de fonctionnement et a fait l'objet d'une validation expérimentale mettant en oeuvre la méthode dite de la dérivée
Optimisation of a battery life time requires the prediction of its ageing and the identification of the involved ageing mechanisms. In order to avoid the limitations due to standard ageing characterisation methods (performance evaluations conducted regularly along ageing and post-mortem characterisations), other tools allowing assessment of the electrode state without deterioration along the life time, have been tested. It concerns a multiphysic model of lithium-ion battery and two methods for in-situ parameter extraction: the first is based on the study of the derivative of the tension profile and the second one, on the difference between the slope of the tension profiles at the fresh state and at the considered state. The non-available parameters required for set up of the multiphysic model for one battery have been evaluated for different states of charge and various temperatures. This model has been validated by comparison with experimental measurements. The application of these tools is illustrated for three different ageing mechanisms. Moreover these methods have been especially applied for the case of lithium plating ageing. Use of the VL41M Saft model allowed to set up an abacus of the limiting charge currents and an experimental validation has been performed in using the method so-called derivation method

The modeling of electricity spot prices is still in its early stages, with various different competing models being proposed by different researchers. This makes model evaluation and comparison research an important area, for practitioners and researchers alike. However, there is a distinct lack in the literature of consensus regarding model evaluation tools to assess model validity, with different researchers using different methods of varying suitability as validation methods. In this thesis the current landscape of electricity spot price models and how they are currently evaluated is mapped out. Then, as the main contribution this research aims to make, a general and flexible framework for model validation is proposed, based on the Probability Integral Transform (PIT). The probability integral transform, which can be seen as a generalization of analyzing residuals in simple time series and regression models, transforms the realizations of a time series into independent and identically distributed U(0,1) variables using the conditional distributions of the time series. Testing model validity is with this method reduced to testing if the PIT values are independent and identically distributed U(0,1) variables. The thesis is concluded by testing spot price models of varying validity according to previous research using this framework against actual spot price data. These empirical tests suggest that PIT-based model testing does indeed point us toward the more suitable models, with especially unsuitable models being rejected by a large margin.
Modelleringen av spotpriser på el är fortfarande i ett tidigt stadium, med många olika modeller som förespråkas av olika forskare. Detta innebär att forskning som fokuserar på modellutvärdering och jämförelse är viktig både för berörda parter i näringslivet och forskare inom detta område. Det finns dock en klar brist på konsensusmetoder att utvärdera modellers validitet, då olika forskare förespråkar olika metoder av varierande lämplighet som valideringsverktyg. I den här uppsatsen kartläggs det nuvarande landskapet av spotprismodeller och de metoder som används för att utvärdera dem. Sedan, som det huvudsakliga forskningsbidraget av detta arbete, presenteras ett generellt och flexibelt valideringsramverk som baseras på vad som kallas ”Probability Integral Transform” (PIT). PIT, vilken kan ses som en generalisering av att undersöka residualer i enkla tidsserie- och regressionsmodeller, transformerar utfallet av en tidsserie till oberoende och identiskt fördelade U(0,1) variabler med hjälp av tidsseriens betingade fördelningar. Att testa modellens validitet reduceras med denna metod till att testa om PIT – värdena är oberoende och identiskt fördelade U(0,1) variabler. Uppsatsen avslutas med tester av spotprismodeller av varierande validitet enligt litteraturen med hjälp av detta ramverk mot faktiskt spotprisdata. De empiriska testerna antyder att PIT – baserad modellvalidering faktiskt stämmer överrens med modellers validitet baserat på nuvarande konsensus, där särskilt opassande modeller förkastas med stora marginaler.

The Myc transcription factor activates expression of genes that promote cellular functions such as proliferation and cell growth. The deregulated Myc expression, characteristic for the tumor cell, also activates apoptosis, which selects for additional genetic changes deactivating the induced cell death. However, the continuous overexpression of Myc can also be a liability for a tumor, which can be taken advantage of in cancer treatment.  In Paper I, we describe a new way of using the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor Decitabine, in treating Myc overexpressing tumors. We show that Decitabine treatment activates cell death by reactivating silenced tumor suppressors such as Puma, but also by inducing DNA damage. Decitabine treatment of Myc driven lymphomas is also shown to prolong disease free survival in mouse models. Myc driven transformation requires a collaborative deregulation of genes. The family of Pim kinases has been shown to collaborate with Myc in tumorigenesis. In Paper II, we show that the Pim-3 kinase protein is highly expressed in many Myc overexpressing lymphomas from Myc transgenic mice as well as human Burkitt Lymphoma samples. The Pim-3 locus is shown to interact with the Myc protein and be a direct target for Myc activated transcription. Additionally, we demonstrate that the Pim kinase inhibitor, Pimi, targeting the Pim kinase family (Pim-1, Pim-2 and Pim-3), induce a cell death that is mediated by, but not dependent on caspase activity. The Pimi induced cell death was potentiated when combined with RNAi knockdown of the casein kinase II (CK2) protein.  In paper III, we describe the development of a somatic mouse model for lymphomagenesis, utilizing the RCAS-tva technology. We show that primary B cells from these mice are transducible and transformed when infected with a combination of RCAS- HA tagged Myc, KRasV12D and human Bcl-XL virus. In conclusion, we show that the labile milieu created by the deregulated expression of Myc facilitates new approaches in treatment of Myc overexpressing tumors. Also, our new tva mouse model show promise in modeling lymphomagenesis.

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The definition of an industrial eco-park can be given through a systematic set of companies that share resources or products seeking increased profitability with significantly reduced environmental impact. Its implementation can directly contribute to the consolidation of a sustainable economy, however, this real perspective and extensive scientific literature is still a challenge for any country, because there are several factors to be considered and made available for the realization of such project. Technical studies, society, politics, business and government aspirations are relevant parties in decision making and in sucessibilidade process. It is understood that the demands and competitive profiles of the current market, it becomes complex understanding that a sustainable industrial system is sufficient to produce a wide range of products and services, and further the various levels of production and supply chains . On the other hand, successful experiences are in full progress on industrial ecoparks, as we highlight the countries Denmark, the United States and Canada, and in this sense, this study will propose a conceptual model to reflect aspects and symbiotic relationships based on a methodology deductive method with analytical approach with literature and methodological manuals available in the last five years for the modeling concepts and industrial eco-park relationships, and symbiosis with close identification with the industrial Pole of Manaus. From these precepts will be observed if there are spontaneous symbiotic relationships between the 486 factories in the Manaus Free Trade Zone and the feasibility for the installation of an industrial eco park in the city of Manaus.
A definição de um ecoparque industrial - EIP poder ser dada por meio de um conjunto sistemático de empresas que compartilham recursos ou produtos buscando o aumento da rentabilidade com redução significativa do impacto ambiental. A sua implementação pode contribuir diretamente para a sedimentação de uma economia sustentável, entretanto, essa perspectiva real de literatura científica ainda é um desafio para qualquer país, pois são vários os fatores a serem considerados e postos à disposição para a efetivação desse tipo de projeto. Estudos técnicos, participação da sociedade, aspirações política, empresarial e governamental são partes relevantes na tomada de decisão bem como na sucessibilidade do processo. Entende-se que com as demandas e perfis competitivos do mercado atual, torna-se complexo o entendimento que um sistema industrial sustentável seja suficiente para produzir variados produtos e serviços, e ainda mais nos diversos níveis de produção e de cadeias de fornecimento. Por outro lado, experiências frutíferas estão em pleno progresso acerca dos ecoparques industriais, como se destacam os países Dinamarca, Estados Unidos e Canadá. Sendo assim, este estudo propõe um modelo conceitual para refletir aspectos e relações de simbiose baseado em uma metodologia de método dedutivo com abordagem analítica juntamente com a literatura e manuais metodológicos disponíveis nos últimos cinco anos para a modelagem dos conceitos e relacionamentos de ecoparque industrial, e em consonância com o Polo Industrial de Manaus. A partir desses preceitos, observar-se-á se existem relações simbióticas espontâneas entre as 486 fábricas instaladas na Zona Franca de Manaus e a viabilidade para a instalação de um parque eco industrial na cidade de Manaus.

REIS, F. E. U. Avaliação das propriedades mecânicas e de resistência a corrosão em ligas modelo de aço inoxidável 25Cr 6Mo 5Ni com e sem adição de Boro. 2015. 135 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciência de Materiais) – Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2015.
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Superferritic stainless steels are widely used in heat exchangers and in petrochemical power plant because of their excellent mechanical properties coupled to corrosion resistance in chloride rich environments. In this research new superferritic alloys with high Cr, Mo, and Ni contents were produced for oil industry applications. Therefore, two superferritic stainless steels model alloys were developed, one with 0.07% B addition and another one without this alloying element. The phase diagrams for both materials were carried out by Thermo-Calc computacional program. Microstructure characterization was performed using the following techniques: optical and scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and Xray diffraction. The mechanical properties were assessed by hardness measurements, Charpy impacts and tensile tests. Corrosion resistance of the model alloys in aqueous solution 0.6 M NaCl was investigated by open circuit potential, potentiodynamic cyclic anodic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Furthermore, critical pitting temperature was determined. The results showed that the superferritic stainless steel model alloy without B addition achieved better mechanical properties than the one of the two commercial superferritic stainless steels alloys. The corrosion resistance of this alloy was similar to the one of the superaustenitic stainless steels, and superduplex in aqueous solution 0.6 M NaCl. However, there was the formation of eutectoid lamellar constituent like perlite for the superferritic stainless steel model alloy with B addition. This eutectoid constituent was deleterious to mechanical properties, as well as to corrosion resistance for the material developed and studied in this thesis.
Os aços inoxidáveis superferríticos são amplamente utilizados em trocadores de calor e em plantas petroquímicas, devido a suas excelentes propriedades mecânicas associadas à resistência à corrosão em ambientes ricos em cloreto. Nesta pesquisa foram produzidas novas ligas superferríticas com elevados teores de Cr, Mo e Ni para aplicação em plantas petrolíferas. Portanto, foram desenvolvidas duas ligas modelo de aço inoxidável superferrítico, uma com 0,07% de B e outra sem adição deste elemento de liga. Os diagramas de fases para os materiais foram construídos a partir do programa computacional Thermo-Calc. A caracterização microestrutural foi realizada usando as técnicas; microscopia óptica, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, espectroscopia de energia dispersiva de raios-X e difração de raios-X. As propriedades mecânicas foram avaliadas por medidas de dureza, ensaios de impacto Charpy e ensaios de tração. A resistência à corrosão das ligas modelo, em solução aquosa de 0,6M NaCl, foi avaliada por monitoramento do potencial de circuito aberto, polarização potenciodinâmica cíclica e espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica. Além de determinar a temperatura crítica de pite. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que, a liga modelo de aço inoxidável superferrítico sem boro apresentou melhores propriedades mecânicas, comparada com duas ligas de aço inoxidável superferrítico comerciais. A resistência à corrosão dessa liga foi similar a um aço inoxidável superaustenítico e a um aço inoxidável superduplex, em solução aquosa de 0,6M de NaCl. Entretanto, para a liga modelo com boro, ocorreu a formação de um constituinte eutetóide lamelar semelhante à perlita. Este constituinte eutetóide é deletério para as propriedades mecânicas, assim como, na resistência à corrosão do material desenvolvido e estudado nesta tese.

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The Circle of Quality Control consists on a group of employees who volunteer to support a company, whose goal is to identify, analyze and propose improvements to problems detected in work, besides focusing on professional development and improving the work environment. The company studied has increased focus on financial return of the QCC, having no tools to evaluate the attendant performances and the impact on the work environment In this context, this thesis developed a conceptual model to analyze the performance of the QCC program, at an electronic company located in the Industrial Pole of Manaus, by the perspective of the attendant .Therefore, a study was done based in the program used by the company, literature review and existing models. Based by the models and documentary research, an instrument for data collection was developed and applied together at 60 attendents (leaders and secretaries) in September 2012. From the final results, we developed a conceptual model and the main result has achieved good performance of the current program (80.6%), otherwise identifying further development dimensions related to the company and the work environment when compared with the development of the attendents. Were also identified several opportunities for improvement QCC program at the company.
O Círculo de Controle de Qualidade constitui-se de um grupo de colaboradores voluntários que com o suporte da empresa, têm por objetivo identificar, analisar e propor melhorias para problemas detectados no trabalho, além de focar no desenvolvimento profissional dos circulistas e na melhoria do ambiente de trabalho. A empresa em estudo tem maior foco no retorno financeiro do CCQ, não possuindo ferramenta para avaliar o seu desempenho em relação ao desenvolvimento do participante e do impacto na melhoria do ambiente de trabalho. Neste contexto, a presente dissertação desenvolveu uma proposta de modelo conceitual para analisar o desempenho do programa CCQ em uma empresa de eletroeletrônico no Polo Industrial de Manaus, sob a ótica do participante. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo para levantar as características do programa CCQ utilizado pela empresa, além de revisão bibliográfica e de modelos existentes. Com base nos modelos e na pesquisa documental, um instrumento de coleta de dados foi desenvolvido e aplicado junto a 60 circulistas (líderes e secretários) em setembro de 2012. A partir da análise dos resultados, desenvolvemos o modelo conceitual e o principal resultado alcançado foi o bom desempenho geral do atual programa (80,6%), porém identificando maior desenvolvimento nas dimensões relacionadas à empresa e ao ambiente de trabalho quando comparados com o desenvolvimento dos circulistas. Também foram identificadas junto aos participantes diversas oportunidades de melhorias para o programa de CCQ da empresa.

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Lean Manufacturing is recognized worldwide as a set of advantages an competitive differentials generated by adopting the methodology of work developed by Toyota. This research was conducted in a leading market's U.S. beverage company's, the the Quality Control sector. The company produces a wide variety of high-value products; however, since it's related to with the food industry, they work with raw materials that have a short life cycle. In addition, the customer is increasingly demanding, indicating that the company showing better flexibility to monitor the demand will become more competitive. Thus, lean manufacturing emerges as an alternative to improve customer services and processes. The company's main objective is to eliminate all activities that do not add value to the product. This is possible through a continuous flow, with high quality taxes, lower costs and agility in the implementation of changes. This paper presents a study on the usage of the concepts of Lean Manufacturing and of validating of a model of quality in the area, more specifically in the service process analysis of raw materials of a beverage company in the Industrial Pole of Manaus. For this, we carried out a bibliography study on Lean Manufacturing and application methodologies in the areas of services, manufacturing and administrative sector. Then, we performed a case study based on real applications of Lean Manufacturing in service quality, being a very broad concept, and therefore applicable to different areas of an organization. Additionally, there are many techniques used in this service model, such as Standard Work, Kaizen, Kanban, 5S and Performance Management. There was also work with reduced cycle times, covering aspects of quality and development of the team with the integration of the tools presented, generating a productivity improvement of about 30% and an economical 2000 hours.
A Manufatura Enxuta é mundialmente reconhecida como um conjunto de vantagens e diferenciais competitivos gerados pela adoção da metodologia de trabalho desenvolvida pela Toyota. Esta pesquisa foi realizada numa empresa americana líder no mercado de Bebidas, no setor de Qualidade. A empresa fabrica uma grande variedade de produtos, sendo estes de alto valor agregado; porém, por se tratar de setor alimentício, trabalha com matérias primas com um curto ciclo de vida. Além disso, o cliente está cada vez mais exigente, indicando que a empresa no qual apresentar maior flexibilidade para acompanhar a demanda se tornará mais competitiva. Com isso, a manufatura enxuta surge como uma alternativa para melhorar o atendimento ao cliente e aos processos. A empresa tem como principal objetivo eliminar todas as atividades que não agregam valor ao produto. Isto é possível através de um fluxo contínuo com altas taxas de qualidade, custos reduzidos e agilidade na introdução de mudanças. O presente trabalho visa realizar um estudo na utilização dos conceitos de Manufatura Enxuta e validar um modelo na área de qualidade, mais especificamente no processo de serviços de análise de matéria prima de uma empresa de bebidas no Pólo Industrial de Manaus. Para isso, foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico sobre Lean Manufactoring e metodologias de aplicação nas áreas de serviços, manufatura e setor administrativo. Em seguida, foi realizado um estudo de caso com base em aplicações reais da Manufatura Enxuta na área de serviços da Qualidade, por ser um conceito extremamente amplo, sendo, portanto, aplicável às diversas áreas de uma organização. Adicionalmente, são muitas as técnicas utilizadas nesse modelo de serviço, tais como: Trabalho Padronizado, Kaizen, Kanban, 5S e Gerencimento da Performance. Também foi trabalhada a redução nos tempos de ciclo, considerando aspectos de qualidade e desenvolvimento da equipe com a integração das ferramentas apresentadas, gerando uma melhoria de produtividade de aproximadamente 30% e uma econômica de 2000 horas.

En situation industrielle, le calcul des caractéristiques instationnaires et tridimensionnelles d' écoulements complexes, est souvent nécessaire. La simulation des grandes échelles requiert un coût de calcul prohibitif surtout près de parois. L'un des objectifs des méthodes hybrides est d'optimiser le coût de calcul, en simulant certaines zones d'un écoulement en mode RANS et d'autres en mode LES. Cette dernière s'articule en géné́ral autour du filtrage spatial, alors que dans la plupart des écoulements, l'opérateur RANS correspond à une moyenne temporelle. L'approche PITM (Partially Integrated Transport Model ), conçue en turbulence homogène, est une méthode hybride justifié́e thé́oriquement. Sa transposition au contexte temporel (turbulence stationnaire) a déjà été explorée précédemment, montrant que, sous certaines hypothèses, les versions spatiale et temporelle sont formellement identiques. La méthode PITM présente toutefois une certaine difficulté à piloter le niveau de résolution. La présente thèse propose une approche dynamique pour corriger ce point. Dans un second temps, la version temporelle du PITM, le T -PITM, est comparé à la DES (Detached Eddy Simulation), une méthode hybride populaire, mais empirique. Il est montré que les deux méthodes produisent des résultats similaires, conférant une justification théorique par procuration, à la DES. Le modèle RANS sous-jacent est la pondération elliptique, permettant la prise en compte des effets induits par une paroi, sans utiliser de fonctions d'amortissement ni de lois de paroi.

The performance of the AERMOD and ADMS dispersion models was tested using PM10 (thoracic dust) emissions from Rössing Uranium Mine open pit in Namibia. The performance of the two models was evaluated against the observations and also against each other using various statistical measures. The models were tested under different case scenarios (cases explained in chapter 4) with the aim of evaluating their performances as well as their inter model variability. The study was undertaken from the 13 July 2009 – 14 August 2009. The results from the study showed that the performance of ADMS was superior to that of AERMOD. In general, the performance of AERMOD was very poor and simulated extremely high concentration values. AERMOD performed even more poorly during calm conditions. ADMS performance was superior to AERMOD as was evident from the values of various performance statistical measures and a conclusion reached was that ADMS is likely to be a better model to use in cases where prolonged calm conditions are experienced. Copyright
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Chemical Engineering
unrestricted

Presented work covers one of the most important areas of OMG’s model driven architecture (MDA) – problems of object model transformations. Based on research of OMG specifications and other sources, author analyzes transformation process, states importance of modeling and metamodeling for designing of UML like modeling languages. Research work describes designed metamodels of experimental modeling languages: “Entity – process”, Java metamodel and relational metamodel. Author gives a short overview of model editors for these languages, created using EMF framework tools. Based on analysis, author describes very flexible architecture of model transformation implementation, based on filter and pipes architectural pattern. Usage of this architecture gives flexibility to transformation implementation and allows easy and straightforward decomposition of transformation to separate stages. Designed filter and pipes transformation architecture was used for experimental transformation implementation. Research work presents quality and quantity based results of experimental transformations.

L’hypopituitarisme se définit par le déficit d’une ou plusieurs hormones hypophysaires.L’hypopituitarisme congénital est lié à des mutations de facteurs de transcriptionimpliqués dans le développement hypophysaire. Identifier les mécanismes et étiologiesd’hypopituitarisme congénital doit permettre d’améliorer les traitements des patients.Dans cette optique, ce travail a porté sur 3 aspects :Clarifier les mécanismes permettant la différenciation des lignées hypophysaires. Aucours du développement hypophysaire chez la souris, il existe un phénomène complexed’interaction entre 2 facteurs de transcription à homéodomaine paired (Prop1 et Hesx1),la voie Wnt-ßcaténine et les co-répresseurs de la famille Groucho/TLE. Ces interactionssont nécessaires à l’expression d’un autre facteur de transcription hypophysaire, Pit-1(Pou1f1), impliqué dans la différentiation des lignées hypophysaires somato-lactotropeset thyréotropes. Nous avons démontré in vitro, que les co-répresseurs de la famille TLEjouaient un rôle inhibiteur direct sur l’activation de l’early enhancer de POU1F1 à e12-e13, indépendamment de l’action de HESX1. Nos modèles de souris transgéniquesavec expression permanente de HESX1 et TLE3 permettent de mettre en évidence lerôle inhibiteur majeur de HESX1, et le rôle accessoire de TLE3. Les mutations dePROP1 étant à l’origine d’une expression persistante de HESX1 et TLE3, il est probablequ’ils jouent un rôle dans le déficit en sous-unité alpha observé chez les patientsdéficitaires en PROP1.Identifier et analyser la signification fonctionnelle de nouveaux variants alléliques dugène d’un facteur de transcription à homéodomaine LIM, LHX4. La mutation T99fs deLHX4 est à l’origine d’un phénotype hypophysaire très variable au sein d’une mêmefamille, en termes de déficits et de morphologie hypophysaires, et d’anomalies extrahypophysairesassociées. Les études fonctionnelles ont montré que cette mutation étaitresponsable d’un phénomène d’haplo-insuffisance. Cette nouvelle mutation permetd’enrichir le spectre phénotypique des patients chez lesquels doit être effectué unséquençage du gène LHX4 à la recherche d’étiologie de déficit hypophysaire combinémultiple.Identifier des mécanismes nécessaires au développement de l’axe thyréotrope. Dessouris exprimant une nouvelle recombinase Cre sous contrôle du promoteur de la Tshßont été croisées avec des souris transgéniques pour lesquelles les gènes de Pitx2 oud’Isl1 (2 facteurs de transcription impliqués dans le développement hypophysaire)étaient encadrés de séquences flox. Les modèles permettaient ainsi l’inactivation dePitx2 et Isl1 au sein des cellules thyréotropes au cours de l’embryogenèse. L’étudephénotypique retrouve un déficit de croissance compatible avec un déficit thyréotropepartiel en cas d’inactivation de Pitx2 : ce phénotype est probablement lié à unmécanisme compensateur assuré par PITX1, un facteur de transcription àhoméodomaine bicoïde possédant le même homéodomaine et domaine C terminal quePITX2. A l’inverse, l’inactivation de Isl& se traduit par un déficit thyréotrope complet. Lefait que les transcrits de l’ensemble des facteurs de transcription nécessaires audéveloppement de l’axe thyréotrope soient diminués dans ce modèle souligne le rôlemajeur de ISL1 dans la fonction et la maintenance de l’axe thyréotrope.Nos résultats permettent de mieux appréhender certains des nombreux mécanismes etfacteurs impliqués dans le développement hypophysaire chez la souris, et dans lapathologie hypophysaire chez l’homme
Hypopituitarism is defined by one or several pituitary deficiencies. Congenital hypopituitarism is mostly due to transcription factors mutations. Our aims were to try to better identify some of the mechanisms involved in pituitary ontogenesis and pituitary diseases, mainly pituitary deficiencies: new pathways, new transcription factors, new mutations. - First we identified novel mechanisms necessary for the differenciation of the Pou1f1 lineages (ie somatolactotroph and thyrotroph cells). The role of TLE co-repressors is crucial, as they are able by themselves to inhibit the stimulatory actions of PROP1 on POU1F1 promoter. This is necessary to obtain a correct timing of differentiation during pituitary development (Carvalho, Brinkmeier, castinetti et al., Molecular Endocrinology, 2010). - Second, we showed the roles of 2 transcription factors, PITX2 and ISL1, in thyrotrophs maintenance and function. By using a new cre recombinase driven by the TSHb promoter, we managed to inactivate each of these transcription factors in the thyrotrophs. Inactivation of PITX2 led to a partial thyrotroph deficiency, counterbalanced by an overexpression of PITX1 (Castinetti et al., Molecular Endocrinology, submitted). Inactivation of ISL1 led to a complete thyrotroph deficiency (Castinetti et al., Molecular Endocrinology, in preparation). - Finally, we reported 1 new mutation of the LIM transcription factor LHX4, responsible for combined pituitary hormone deficiencies in a family. New phenotypic traits will help the physician improve the way to select which patients to screen for LHX4 mutations (Castinetti, Saveanu et al., JCEM, 2008)

La nécessité de maximiser la récupération d'une ou plusieurs espèces utiles d'un gisement du cuivre, l'optimisation des consommations d'additifs dans le processus de traitement métallurgique, savoir où laisser les matériaux qui dans le futur pourraient être valorisés par une série de nouvelles opérations etc., conduit à adapter la planification minière aux caractéristiques géologiques et métallurgiques du gisement.Les unités géo-métallurgiques sont déterminées par une combinaison des principaux paramètres géologiques, type de roche, altération, minéralisation, etc. Chaque unité présente un comportement différent au processus de traitement métallurgiques avec des caractéristiques de récupération et de consommation d'acide bien spécifiques.D'une façon générale, on peut définir la planification de la mine comme un outil permettant de faire la liaison entre la géologie et la métallurgie, non seulement selon des paramètres économiques et de teneurs, mais aussi selon des paramètres géologiques et métallurgiques.Pour pouvoir construire le modèle géo-métallurgique ou géo-minier métallurgique (G.M.M) ainsi que mettre en oeuvre la catégorisation des ressources, nous avons utilisé des outils géostatistiquesLe fait de disposer d'un modèle G.M.M est d'une grande aide pour la définition de la fosse finale et la planification à long terme, soit simplement comme une première approche de la réponse du gisement au processus de traitement métallurgique, mais surtout pour optimiser les coûts et définir différentes alternatives pour maximiser la récupération du métal.Cette étude a été appliquée au cas du gisement stratiforme de Cu et Ag de Mantos de la Luna situé dans le Nord du Chili. Il comporte en particulier une comparaison entre l'approche traditionnelle et l'approche qui intègre le concept du modèle G.M.M. qui porte principalement sur les teneurs de coupure. Le concept G.M.M. peut donc influencer les décisions stratégiques comme les décisions opérationnelles.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas
The transport infrastructure is essential to the socioeconomic development of a nation. In Brazil, the infrastructure is inefficient and does not meet the potential growth of its different regions. In the state of Amazonas, the situation is critical, because the peculiar characteristics of their climatic and environmental conditions hamper regional mobility. This directly impacts on the productive sector, as the main agent of economic development of the State, the Industrial Pole of Manaus - PIM suffers directly with the conditions of the modal area. The problems related to transport infrastructure are usually from poor management of financial resources and lack of appropriate tools for decision-making in public investments. In this sense, the use of tools that effectively assist the selection of public projects, can provide substantial improvements to society. This study aims to evaluate the applicability of fuzzy AHP model to support decision making in the selection of investment projects to the transportation infrastructure that meet the PIM. The method is based on a complex representation by a hierarchical structure, which consists of defining the main objective and decomposition of the system at different levels, enabling the visualization of the entire system and its components, being used mainly in the treatment the uncertainty and imprecision inherent in decision-making. With the satisfactory outcome of applicability, the AHP fuzzy proved consistently apply the PIM scenario where the uncertainties and inaccurate information are present, besides being a good communication tool between stakeholders.
A infraestrutura de transportes é essencial ao desenvolvimento socioeconômico de uma nação. No Brasil, a infraestrutura é ineficiente e não atende ao potencial crescimento de suas diferentes regiões. No estado do Amazonas, a situação é crítica, pois as características peculiares de suas condições climáticas e ambientais dificultam a mobilidade regional. Isso impacta diretamente no setor produtivo, já que o principal agente do desenvolvimento econômico do Estado, o Polo Industrial de Manaus PIM sofre diretamente com as condições dos modais da região. Os problemas relacionados à infraestrutura de transportes são normalmente oriundos da má gestão de recursos financeiros e à ausência de ferramentas apropriadas à tomada de decisão em investimentos públicos. Nesse sentido, o uso de ferramentas que auxiliem com eficácia a seleção de projetos públicos, pode propiciar melhorias substanciais para a sociedade. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a aplicabilidade do modelo AHP Fuzzy como suporte a tomada de decisão na seleção de projetos de investimentos para a infraestrutura de transporte que atendam ao PIM. O método tem como base a representação de um problema complexo por meio de uma estrutura hierárquica, que consiste da definição do objetivo principal e decomposição do sistema em vários níveis, possibilitando a visualização do sistema como um todo e seus componentes, sendo utilizado principalmente no tratamento da incerteza e imprecisão inerentes à tomada de decisões. Com o resultado satisfatório da aplicabilidade, o método AHP fuzzy mostrou-se aplicável de forma coerente ao cenário do PIM, onde as incertezas e informações imprecisas estão presentes, além de ser uma boa ferramenta de comunicação entre as partes interessadas.

Pour contribuer à la compréhension des processus d'arrachement et de fragmentation de la roche par l'explosif en ciel ouvert, le travail de recherche présenté dans ce mémoire vise à affiner les techniques empiriques de prédiction de fragmentation existantes. Un programme expérimental conséquent réalisé en échelle réelle sur site minier apporte des données ainsi que de nouveaux éléments par rapport à l'existant dans la littérature. En particulier, une comparaison entre résultats de tirs de charge unique et résultats de tirs à plusieurs charges est faite. Dans le contexte roche/explosif du site test, les résultats démontrent que le bénéfice industriel d'une prédiction charge par charge est limité. Une approche numérique a été mise en œuvre en parallèle du travail expérimental ; elle met à contribution un modèle rhéologique d'endommagement développé spécifiquement pour l'étude de laf ragmentation par l'explosif (Rouabhi, 2004). Des calculs 2D avec réduction d'échelle ont été réalisés ; l'utilisation d'un tel modèle d'endommagement s'avère indispensable, et la nécessité de coupler dans le futur les effets des ondes de choc et des gaz d'explosion dans la modélisation est soulignée. On explique par ailleurs de manière originale les résultats d'une étude expérimentale en laboratoire (Miklautsch et al., 2002). En fin de mémoire, plusieurs méthodologies de prédiction charge par charge aisément reproductibles sont testées et ajustées aux résultats du programme expérimental. On finit par montrer que la meilleure méthode offre même davantage de précision lorsqu'elle est appliquée avec les paramètres moyens des tirs et non charge par charge.

La demande mondiale en ressource minérale en général et celle du phosphate en particulier connait une forte croissance depuis plusieurs années. C’est dans ce contexte tendu que chaque industriel cherche à être pionnier et à réduire ses coûts afin d’assurer sa pérennité tout en étant soumis aux contraintes légales dans une perspective de développement responsable. Face à des enjeux comparables, plusieurs industries manufacturières se sont orientées avec succès depuis plusieurs décennies vers l’approche japonaise du Lean Management. C’est pour cette raison que nous avons réfléchi à proposer à travers ce projet de recherche une méthodologie pour le Lean Mining Responsable visant à améliorer l’efficacité et l’efficience de l’industrie minière. L’ensemble des méthodes, briques logicielles et concepts proposés dans cette thèse ont été construit à partir d’un retour d’expérience réalisé sur le système minier d’extraction du phosphate de l’axe centre de l’OCP SA. Nos travaux, réalisés sous la forme d’une recherche action, se caractérisent par des apports à 3 niveaux :Apports méthodologiques ; nous proposons la Méthodologie ASCI-LM pour évaluer l’impact sur l’organisation industrielle liés à la mise en place d’outils et de méthodes en contexte minier. Cette approche constitue un guide méthodologique permettant une recherche action dans le contexte de l’industrie minière. Ce guide méthodologique explique comment formaliser les modèles de connaissance (cartographie des flux) et comment imbriquer les modèles informatiques permettant d’évaluer informatiquement des scenarios organisationnels liés à des problèmes de coordination des activités en contexte minier.Briques logicielles pour l’aide à la décision ; l’interdépendance spatio-temporelle qui caractérise la chaîne minière, rend difficile la prédiction de l’impact de la décision prise. Ce point est un facteur-clé qui explique la démotivation de l’industrie minière à l’égard de la mise en œuvre du Lean Mining. Un système d’aide à la prise de décision pour l’industrie minière aura comme objectif de pouvoir reproduire la réalité et par la suite de tester l’impact de différentes décisions en prenant compte de : l’état du gisement, le programme de maintenance, la disponibilité des machines, les demandes à satisfaire… Les décisions prises dans le processus extractif auront comme impact sur : l’évolution des stocks de minerai, l’occupation des machines mobilisées, la satisfaction de la demande… Nous proposons deux briques logicielles dont la première porte sur la planification minière pour assurer un pilotage intégré de la mine et aider à la prise de décision dans un délai court. La deuxième brique logicielle que nous avons imaginée évalue / optimise les méthodes d’organisations industrielles de la mine lors de la constitution des « mélanges » de minerai ; le mélange de minerai constitue l’output commercialisable du système minier et qui est envoyé aux clients internes ou externes de la supply chain minière. Nouvelles méthodes d’organisation industrielle ; Nous avons proposé une méthode de constitution des mélanges de minerai qui change complètement celle utilisée actuellement. Cette dernière est basée sur une logique de nomenclature figée alors que nous proposons des nomenclatures dynamiques que nous avons appelés « blending dynamique ». Ces nomenclatures dynamiques visent à définir les mélanges optimaux qui varient au fil du temps en fonction des minerais extrait du chantier et de leur composition chimique. Malgré les réticences qui pouvaient y avoir pour adopter cette approche (ce qui est logique dans une organisation « historique »), les mineurs ont montré un grand intérêt vis-à-vis de l’approche qui a été validée sur le terrain et qui est même généralisable sur d’autres contextes
Global demand for mineral resources in general, and phosphate in particular, has been growing strongly for several years. In this increased competitive environment, every industry seeks to be pioneering and to reduce its costs to ensure its sustainability while complying with new responsible development regulations. Faced with this kind of challenges, a number of manufacturing industries have turned to the Japanese Lean Management approach. With this in mind, we designed our research project to develop a Lean Sustainable Mining methodology aimed at improving the mining industry’s efficiency and effectiveness at the OCP-SA center axis phosphate mine. We first conducted a detailed review of the Lean Mining (LM) literature to assess how well such an approach had already been implemented, which points are directly relevant to the mine and which are not. We also reviewed the implementation methodologies and assessed how effectively they were used. This analysis highlighted multiple shortcomings including in relation to the methodological approaches, the software bricks for decision support systems, the industrial organization methods and adequate factoring in of all energy-related aspects.We first recommend applying the ASCI (Analyze, Specification, Conception, Implementation) methodology to LM in order first to identify all the steps upstream of development of the relevant knowledge model and then the associated action model. This phase was developed based on a thorough analysis of mine soil characteristics in order to build a robust knowledge base. This methodology was then applied to the Ben Guerir mine. We believe that this methodological approach will be found useful by other industries in their effort to switch to LM.Our next step was to construct a model based on discrete event simulation for short-term decision support of mine extraction planning. This model closely matches current extractive process operations (drilling, blasting, etc.) and takes into account all the constraints whether they be in relation to the field (geology, blocks, state of the initial system, distances, ...) or to the equipment (capacity differences, technical downtime, ...). Other considerations that we factored in include the decisions taken upstream of the chain (priority source layers, maintenance program, orders, among others). The model yields the following output: deposits blocks to be extracted in order to meet the demand defined over the planning horizon, the equipment Gantt to define the route to be taken by each piece of equipment and the cumulative feed curves for extracted source layers. The purpose is to extract material required by the downstream blending process, while avoiding any non-value added activities, and to improve overall chain performance.The phosphate industry needs to define the blends used to produce the ore qualities to be shipped to domestic and international customers. We have proposed a new method for optimal definition of these blends designed to replace fixed bills of materials by dynamic ones that change over time. Our "dynamic blending" model serves to define, based on available source layer stocks i) the feedings to be conveyed from the deposit to the stock and ii) the optimal quantities to be extracted from each layer while meeting the customer’s quality specifications charter. The purpose of this approach is to produce the right quality, preserve the phosphate-rich layers for the future, streamline stocks and ensure a connection between the pushed upstream flow (deposit) and the pulled downstream flow (definition of blends)
إن الطلب العالمي على الموارد المعدنية بشكل عام، والفوسفاط على وجه الخصوص، يزداد بسرعة منذ عدة سنوات. وفي هذا السياق الذي يعنى بمنافسة قوية بين الأطر الفعالة، يسعى كل مصنع الى أن يكون الرائد في مجاله، وأن يقلل من تكاليف الإنتاج من أجل ضمان متانته في إطار خضوعه لقيود قانونية تحت منظور التنمية المسؤولة. في إطار مواجهة قضايا مماثلة، انتقلت العديد من الصناعات التحويلية، بنجاح لعدة عقود، إلى تطبيق النهج الياباني Lean Management. ولهذا السبب، فكرنا من خلال مشروع البحث هذا في اقتراح منهجية من أجل Lean Mining مسؤول، هدفه تحسين كفاءة وفعالية صناعة المعادن. جميع الطرق والمنهجيات ومفاهيم البرمجيات المقترحة في هذه الأطروحة يتم بناؤها على أساس تجارب منجزة على نظام الصناعة المعدنية لاستخراج الفوسفاط للمحور المركزي لـ OCP-SA. يتميز عملنا، الذي تم تنفيذه على شكل بحث-عملي، بمساهمات على 3 مستويات:مساهمات منهجية: نقترح منهجية ASCI-LM لتقييم تأثير تنفيذ أساليب على المنظمة الصناعية المتعلقة بالصناعة المعدنية. هذا النهج هو عبارة عن دليل منهجي للبحث-العملي في هذا المجال، الذي يشرح كيفية إضفاء الطابع الرسمي على نماذج المعرفة (رسم خرائط التدفقات) وكيفية تضمين النماذج المعلوماتية التي تجعل من الممكن تقييم سيناريوهات تنظيمية تتعلق بمشاكل التنسيق بين الأنشطة في سياق الصناعة المعدنية.أسس البرمجيات لدعم اتخاذ القرار: إن الترابط الزمكاني الذي يميز سلسلة التعدين اللوجستيكية يجعل من الصعب التنبؤ بأثر القرار المتخذ. هذا الترابط يعتبر العامل الرئيسي الذي يفسر إبطاء صناعة التعدين فيما يتعلق بتطبيق ونهج سياسة Lean Mining. يهدف نظام دعم القرار الخاص بصناعة التعدين إلى إعادة إنتاج الواقع ومن ثم اختبار أثر القرارات المتخذة، مع الأخذ بعين الاعتبار: هيئة المنجم، برنامج الصيانة، توفر الآلات، المطالب الواجب تلبيتها ... القرارات التي اتخذت في سلسلة عملية الاستخراج سيكون لها تأثير على: تطور مخزونات المادة الخام، مدى استعمال الآلات المخصصة لذلك، و تلبية المطالب ... نقترح اسسين اثنين من البرمجيات: يتناول الأول تخطيط التعدين لضمان الإدارة المتكاملة للمنجم والمساعدة في اتخاذ القرار في وقت قصير. أما الثاني فيهتم بتقييم / تحسين أساليب التنظيم في المنجم أثناء تكوين "خليط" انطلاقا من المواد الخام؛ ويعتبر هذا الأخير الناتج النهائي القابل للتسويق في إطار النظام اللوجستيكي للتعدين، ويتم إرساله إلى الزبناء الداخليين أو الخارجيين لسلسلة التوريد.أساليب جديدة للتنظيم الصناعي: لقد اقترحنا طريقة لتكوين خليط من المواد الخام والتي تختلف تماما عن الطريقة المستخدمة حاليًا. وتستند هذه الأخيرة على منطق التركيبة الثابتة في حين أننا نقترح تركيبات ديناميكية أطلقنا عليها إسم "المزج الديناميكي". تهدف هذه التسميات الديناميكية إلى تحديد الخلطات المثالية التي تتغير بتغير الوقت، اعتمادًا على المواد الخام المستخرجة وتركيبتها الكيميائية. وبالرغم من الإحجام عن تبني هذا النهج (وهو أمر طبيعي في إطار تنظيم ذو أسس "تاريخية عريقة")، فقد أظهر عمال المناجم اهتماما كبيرا بالنهج المقترح والذي تم التحقق من مصداقيته في هذا المجال والذي من الممكن تعميمه في مجال صناعي آخر

Dans le domaine de la modélisation des écoulements turbulents, les approche hybrides RANS/LES ont reçu récemment beaucoup d'attention car ils combinent le coût de calcul raisonnable du RANS et la précision de la LES.Parmi elles, le TPITM (Temporal Partially Integrated Transport Model) est une approche hybride RANS/LES temporelle qui surmonte les inconsistances du raccordement continu du RANS et de la LES grâce à un formalisme de filtrage temporel. Cependant, le modèle TPITM est relativement difficile à mettre en œuvre et, en particulier, nécessite l'utilisation d'une correction dynamique, contrairement à d'autres approches, notamment la DES (Detached Eddy Simulation).Cette thèse propose alors une approche hybride RANS/LES similaire à la DES, mais basée sur un filtrage temporel, déduite du modèle TPITM par équivalence, c'est-à-dire en imposant la même partition entre énergies résolue et modélisée. Ce modèle HTLES (Hybrid Temporal LES) combine les caractéristiques de la DES (facilité de mise en œuvre) et du TPITM (formalisme consistant, justification théorique des coefficients).Après calibration en turbulence homogène, l'approche est appliquée à des cas d'écoulements autour de cylindres carrés puis rectangulaires. La modélisation des tensions de sous-filtre est une adaptation au contexte hybride du modèle RANS k-wSST.

Detailed geological knowledge is often a major unknown factor in open pit mining and design, and therefore poses a significant risk in the mining venture. As the knowledge of the geology improves so the risk of unforeseen conditions reduces and therefore safety and productivity can be increased. Historically, geotechnical methods and information have predominantly been used exclusively for pit slope optimisation. This research documents the procedures and developments undertaken to compile a comprehensive geotechnical database, and the application of the geotechnical data to open pit mining, beneficiation and planning. The utilisation of the geotechnical information has been enhanced through the novel development and application of a computerised, 3D geotechnical model. Sandsloot open pit was developed to extract the Platreef pyroxenite orebody, which is hosted within the Northern Limb of the Bushveld Complex. Sandsloot is currently the world's largest open pit exploiting Platinum Group Metals. Interaction of the basic magma with the footwall sediments of the Transvaal Supergroup and varying degrees of assimilation has resulted in a unique suite of hybrid rock types. These various rock types provide significant engineering geological challenges. Geology and the detailed understanding of its properties are fundamental to the optimal design and successful operation of any mine. Extensive fieldwork was conducted to collect geotechnical information, both from exploration boreholes and in-pit mining faces. Over a 5-year period, geotechnical data were collected from 29,213 m of exploration core and 6,873 m of exposed mining faces. Extensive field and laboratory testing was undertaken in order to define the complete set of geotechnical properties for each rock type in the Sandsloot mining area. The geotechnical information relating to each borehole and facemap was stored in the Datamine® software package. The information was collected in the form of rock mass rating (RMR), uniaxial compressive strength (DCS), fracture frequency (FF/m) and rock quality designation (RQD). The architecture of the database was developed along the principals used for generating an ore reserve model. One of the novel applications was the development of a computerized 3D, geotechnical model in Datamine®. The geotechnical parameters, namely RMR, DCS, FF/m and RQD, were modelled for each rock type, using geostatistics, to generate a 3D model. The data were interpolated between exploration boreholes and exposed mining faces and the modelling was constrained using wireframes separated by rock type. The result is a 3D model containing 15 m3 model blocks populated with interpolated geotechnical information. The dimensions of the model blocks are linked to the mining bench height of 15 m. The model can be queried to give predictions on rock mass conditions for any planned mining area, as is the case with the ore reserve model, which provides predictions on platinum grades. The crux of the innovative research is the practical application of the 3D geotechnical model. This was achieved through the development of both a fragmentation and a slope design model, which read the interpolated geotechnical information. These models provided an engineering tool to optimise mining and milling perfonnance. Rather than viewing the drill and blast department as an isolated cost centre and focussing on minimising drill and blast costs, the application of the model concentrated on the fragmentation requirements of the milling and mining business areas. Two hundred and thirty-eight blasts were assessed to detennine the optimum fragmentation requirements for ore and waste. Based on the study a mean fragmentation target of 150 mm was set for delivery to the crushing circuit and a mean fragmentation of 230 mm was set for waste loading from the pit. The mine operates autogenous mills, which are sensitive to the fragmentation profile delivered. The harder zones occurring in the ore zone have a major impact on the plant's perfonnance. The geotechnical parameters in the model were related to Lilly's Blastability Index, and in turn to required explosive volumes and the associated drill and blast costs. Having defmed the fragmentation targets, the Kuz-Ram equation was used in the fragmentation model to predict the explosive volumes required to ensure consistent mining and milling perfonnance. The geotechnical model is used to predict changes in geotechnical conditions and therefore the blasting parameters can be adjusted in advance to ensure the milling and mining fragmentation requirements are met. Through the application of the fragmentation model over an eighteen-month period the loading and milling efficiencies improved by 8.5% and 8.8% respectively, resulting in additional revenue ofR29 million for PPL. Based on the mining rock mass rating (MRMR) values within the geotechnical model a stable slope design model was created in order to calculate optimum inter-ramp angles. From a slope design perspective the model was used to target data-deficient zones and highlight potentially weak rock mass areas. As this can be viewed in 3D, the open pit slopes were designed to accommodate the poor quality areas before they are excavated. It also follows that competent geotechnical zones can be readily identified and the slope optimised accordingly. Due to the detailed geotechnical infonnation being available in three dimensions, the open pit slopes were designed based on a risk versus reward profile. As a significant geotechnical database was available, more accurate and reliable designs were generated resulting in the overall slope angle increasing by 3 degrees. This optimisation process will result in a revenue gain of R900 million over the life of the mine. The revenue and safety benefits associated with this design methodology are substantial and have potential application to all open pit mining operations. The research has enabled detailed geotechnical infonnation to be available in three dimensions. This information can be readily accessed and interpreted, thus providing a powerful planning and financial tool from which production optimisations, feasibility studies and planning initiatives can be implemented. The development and application of a 3D geotechnical model has added a new dimension to the constant strive for business improvement and reflects a novel and successful approach towards the application of engineering geology at the Sandsloot mining operation.
Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2003.

This study uses aspects of time series methodology to model and forecast major taxes such as Personal Income Tax (PIT), Corporate Income Tax (CIT), Value Added Tax (VAT) and Total Tax Revenue(TTAXR) in the South African Revenue Service (SARS). The monthly data used for modeling tax revenues of the major taxes was drawn from January 1995 to March 2010 (in sample data) for PIT, VAT and TTAXR. Due to higher volatility and emerging negative values, the CIT monthly data was converted to quarterly data from the rst quarter of 1995 to the rst quarter of 2010. The competing ARIMA/SARIMA and Holt-Winters models were derived, and the resulting model of this study was used to forecast PIT, CIT, VAT and TTAXR for SARS fiscal years 2010/11, 2011/12 and 2012/13. The results show that both the SARIMA and Holt-Winters models perform well in modeling and forecasting PIT and VAT, however the Holt-Winters model outperformed the SARIMA model in modeling and forecasting the more volatile CIT and TTAXR. It is recommended that these methods are used in forecasting future payments, as they are precise about forecasting tax revenues, with minimal errors and fewer model revisions being necessary.
Statistics
M.Sc. (Statistics)

Our study adds to the understanding of dental caries prevention in underserved populations. Dental caries is the most common disease of childhood but can be easily prevented. It is therefore essential that policy makers use evidence to promote policies that will help reduce the burden of caries in high-risk children. We collected socioeconomic and demographic data through written surveys from parents of children at the Lyford Consolidated Independent School District in Willacy County. We got a 60% response to our survey. The survey data was matched with dental examination data from a teledentistry project. Only 19% of children in our matched sample had any sealant but 43% had at least one dental caries. Of those without sealants, almost half (49%) had caries while of those with sealants only 19% had any caries. We also found that while half (48%) of those from low-income households (ie, annual income <$25,000) had caries, only a third (34%) of those in high-income households had any caries. Our data analysis involved econometric modeling to study the impact of various factors including dental sealants on the occurrence of dental caries. We assumed dental sealant application to be a proxy for past preventive dental care. We used multivariate probit regression to test for endogeneity in our model. The estimation results from univariate probit models showed a strong and robust preventive effect of dental sealants on dental caries. We used Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), logit, probit, and logistic regressions to confirm the results and obtained similar findings. We used our fitted model to simulate the effect of providing sealants to all children in our sample and found that there will be a 52% - 68% decrease in the mean predicted probability of caries in different scenarios. Finally, we used cost estimates from published studies and the annual survey of dental fee by the American Dental Association to calculate cost-benefit of providing sealants through school-based programs. We found school-based sealant programs to be cost-beneficial. Our analysis leads to a recommendation to promote school-based sealant programs in underserved populations.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia e Gestão de Sistemas de Informação
Dado que as organizações se regem por processos de negócio, é emergente a necessidade de o desenvolvimento do sistema de informação de uma organização seja direccionado para suportar esses processos. Durante um processo de desenvolvimento de sistemas de informação são conhecidas várias abordagens e metodologias com o objectivo de este seja obtido com cada vez maior acréscimo de qualidade. Essa qualidade deve-se reflectir na definição dos processos do sistema de informação e deve requerer uma metodologia que possua tarefas bem definidas e automatizadas. Uma metodologia possível, a Business Implementation Methodology (BIM), propõe transformações dos processos de negócio de forma automatizada para que a implementação dos processos em software consuma menor esforço e menores custos. As quatro fases da metodologia são percorridas desde a definição inicial dos processos de negócio até ao sistema de informação final. O que distingue nesta fase das outras metodologias é a proposta de utilizar modelos de referência de processos. Dado o contexto, sugere-se a utilização de linguagens de modelação de processos para representação gráfica dos processos de negócio. Para obtenção do sistema de informação na última fase da metodologia seguida, é proposta a utilização do Model-Driven Architecture (MDA). A transformação de um modelo de processos de negócio que seja um Platform Independent Model (PIM) para um modelo que seja um Platform Specific Model (PSM) permitirá a obtenção da implementação do modelo de processos em software. O resultado da transformação será um modelo composto pelo processo de negócio em BPEL e pela devida integração de aplicações realizadas através do uso de um Enterprise Service Bus (ESB).
Due the fact that organisations rule their business by business processes, it is emerging the need that development of the information system should be oriented to support those processes. During the process of an information system development many approaches are known so it can be achieved with an increase of quality. This quality must be reflected in the definition of the information system’s business processes and it requires a methodology that has well defined and automated tasks. A possible methodology, the Business Implementation Methodology (BIM), proposes transformations of business processes in an automated way so software implementation of the processes are less effort consuming. The four methodology phases are executed since the initial definition of the business process to the final information system. What distinguishes this methodology from other business implementation methodologies in these initial phases is the use of process reference models proposal. In the context, it is suggested the use of business process modelling languages for visual representation of business processes. For obtaining the information system in the last phase of the methodology, it is proposed the use of OMG’s Model-Driven Architecture (MDA). The transformation of a process framework that is a Platform Independent Model (PIM) to a Platform Specific Model (PSM) will allow obtaining software implementation. The result of the transformation will be a model composed by the business process in BPEL and the integration of applications through the use of an Enterprise Service Bus (ESB).