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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modèle Rate Theory'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 November 2024

Last updated: 19 July 2025

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1

Georgesco, Arthur. "Effet couplé de l'endommagement balistique et électronique dans UO₂ : rôle de la température d'irradiation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASP102.

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En réacteur, le combustible UO₂ est soumis à l'irradiation simultanée de plusieurs particules et rayonnements, dont les produits de fission, avec l'ensemble de ces phénomènes se produisant en température (environ 400 - 500 °C dans la périphérie et 1000 - 1200 °C dans le centre des pastilles). À l'échelle atomique, cela provoque des dommages de type balistique (déplacements atomiques), principalement à cause des produits de fission de basse énergie, et de l'endommagement électronique (ionisations et excitations électroniques) dû aux particules de haute énergie. Les dommages balistiques induisen

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2

Elhouar, Mikael. "Essays on interest rate theory." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Finansiell Ekonomi (FI), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-451.

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3

Götsch, Irina. "Libor market model theory and implementation." Saarbrücken VDM, Müller, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2868878&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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4

Smith, P. N. "Structural models of the exchange rate : Theory and evidence." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378873.

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5

Zhang, Jiangxingyun. "International Portfolio Theory-based Interest Rate Models and EMU Crisis." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1G011/document.

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L'objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier à côté du risque défaut, le rôle spécifique des risques de volatilité et de co-volatilité dans la formation des taux longs dans la zone euro. On propose en particulier un modèle théorique de choix de portefeuille à deux pays permettant d’évaluer la contribution des primes de risque de volatilité aux processus de contagion et de fuite vers la qualité dans différents épisodes de la crise de la dette souveraine. Ce modèle permet également d’analyser le rôle des achats d’actifs (QE) de la BCE sur l’équilibre des marchés obligataires. Nos tests empiriques sug

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6

Dogan, Aydan. "Two sector models of the real exchange rate." Thesis, University of Kent, 2016. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/54747/.

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This thesis consists of three self contained chapters. In the first chapter, we re-assess the problem of general equilibrium models in matching the behaviour of the real exchange rate. We do so by developing a two country general equilibrium model with non-traded goods, home bias, incomplete markets and partial degrees of pass through as well as nominal rigidities both in the goods and labour markets. Our key finding is that presenting an encompassing model structure improves the performance of the model in addressing the persistence of the real exchange rate and its correlation with relative

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7

Pang, Kin. "Calibration of interest rate term structure and derivative pricing models." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1997. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36270/.

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We argue interest rate derivative pricing models are misspecified so that when they are fitted to historical data they do not produce prices consistently with the market. Interest rate models have to be calibrated to prices to ensure consistency. There are few published works on calibration to derivatives prices and we make this the focus of our thesis. We show how short rate models can be calibrated to derivatives prices accurately with a second time dependent parameter. We analyse the misspecification of the fitted models and their implications for other models. We examine the Duffle and Kan

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8

Tsai, Angela C. F. "Valuation of Eurodollar futures contracts under alternative term structure models : theory and evidence." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366802.

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9

Chen, Wei 1976. "Perceptual postfiltering for low bit rate speech coders." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112563.

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Adaptive postfiltering has become a common part of speech coding standards based on the Linear Prediction Analysis-by-Synthesis algorithm to decrease audible coding noise. However, a conventional adaptive postfilter is based on empirical assumptions of masking phenomena, which sometimes makes it hard to balance between noise reduction and speech distortion.<br>This thesis introduces a novel perceptual postfiltering system for low bit rate speech coders. The proposed postfilter works at the decoder, as is the case for the conventional adaptive postfilter. Specific human auditory properties are

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10

Van, Wijck Tjaart. "Interest rate model theory with reference to the South African market." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3396.

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Thesis (MComm (Statistics and Actuarial Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.<br>An overview of modern and historical interest rate model theory is given with the specific aim of derivative pricing. A variety of stochastic interest rate models are discussed within a South African market context. The various models are compared with respect to characteristics such as mean reversion, positivity of interest rates, the volatility structures they can represent, the yield curve shapes they can represent and weather analytical bond and derivative prices can be found. The distribution of

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11

Ruan, Shiling. "Poisson race models theory and application in conjoint choice analysis /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1173204902.

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12

Gyldberg, Ellinor, and Henrik Bark. "Type 1 error rate and significance levels when using GARCH-type models." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-375770.

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The purpose of this thesis is to test whether the probability of falsely rejecting a true null hypothesis of a model intercept being equal to zero is consistent with the chosen significance level when modelling the variance of the error term using GARCH (1,1), TGARCH (1,1) or IGARCH (1,1) models. We test this by estimating “Jensen’s alpha” to evaluate alpha trading, using a Monte Carlo simulation based on historical data from the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index and stocks in the Dow Jones Industrial Average Index. We evaluate over simulated daily data ranging over periods of 3 months, 6 months

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13

Rhee, Joonhee. "Three models of the term structure of interest rates." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1998. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36336/.

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In this dissertation, we consider the stochastic volatility of short rates, the jump property of short rates, and market expectation of changes in interest rates as the crucial factors in explaining the term structure of interest rates. In each chapter, we model the term structure of interest rates in accordance with these factors.

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14

Leblon, Grégoire. "Quadratic term structure models of interest rates : theory, implementation and applications." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1G038.

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La modélisation de la structure par terme des taux d’intérêt renvoie à une double problématique en finance. La première consiste à reproduire, à chaque instant, la courbe des taux extraite des prix d’obligations observés. La seconde consiste à capturer sa dynamique d’évolution. Pour répondre à ces problématiques, de nombreux modèles ont été développés. L’objet de cette thèse est d’approfondir l’un d’entre eux : les modèles quadratiques. Cette famille de modèle suppose d’une part qu’une relation quadratique relie le taux d’intérêt instantané à des variables latentes censées rendre compte de l’é

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15

Lo, Tak-shing. "Two-body operators and correlation crystal field models /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13437549.

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16

Adodo, Sophia. "THE FASHION RUNWAY THROUGH A CRITICAL RACE THEORY LENS." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1461576556.

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17

Woodard, Roger. "Bayesian hierarchical models for hunting success rates /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9951135.

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18

盧德成 and Tak-shing Lo. "Two-body operators and correlation crystal field models." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31210922.

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19

Wolden, Bache Ida. "Econometrics of exchange rate pass-through /." Oslo : Unipub, 2007. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/527973297.pdf.

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20

Jackson, Zara. "Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) estimation using Probabilistic Graphical Models." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-384629.

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Obesity is a growing problem globally. Currently 2.3 billion adults are overweight, and this number is rising. The most common method for weight loss is calorie counting, in which to lose weight a person should be in a calorie deficit. Basal Metabolic Rate accounts for the majority of calories a person burns in a day and it is therefore a major contributor to accurate calorie counting. This paper uses a Dynamic Bayesian Network to estimate Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) for a sample of 219 individuals from all Body Mass Index (BMI) categories. The data was collected through the Lifesum app. A comp

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21

Wong, Po-shing. "Some mixture models for the joint distribution of stock's return and trading volume /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1991. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13009485.

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22

Vlaseros, Vasileios. "Essays on strategic voting and political influence." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9932.

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Chapter 1 : I attempt a detailed literature review on the passage from the probabilistic versions of the Condorcet Jury Theorem to models augmented by the concept of strategic agents, including both theoretical and relevant empirical work. In the first part, I explore the most influential relevant game theoretic models and their main predictions. In the second part, I review what voting experiments have to say about these predictions, with a brief mention of the experiments' key methodological aspects. In the final part, I provide with an attempt to map the recent strategic voting literature i

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23

Ho, Man Wai. "Bayesian inference for models with monotone densities and hazard rates /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2002. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?ISMT%202002%20HO.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2002.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 110-114). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.

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24

Chung, Wanyu. "Three essays in international economics : invoicing currency, exchange rate pass-through and gravity models with trade in intermediate goods." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2014. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/66297/.

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A large proportion of international trade is in intermediate goods. The implications of this empirical regularity, however, have not been exhaustively explored in several aspects. The main objective of the thesis is to fill in the gap by introducing trade in intermediate goods into several strands of literature in international economics. This thesis is a collection of three essays studying the implications of trade in intermediate goods for the degree of exchange rate pass-through (Chapter 2), firms invoicing currency choice (Chapter 3) and the performance of the gravity models (Chapter 4). I

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25

Lepage, Thomas. "The impact of variable evolutionary rates on phylogenetic inference : a Bayesian approach." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103264.

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In this dissertation, we explore the effect of variable evolutionary rates on phylogenetic inference. In the first half of the thesis are introduced the biological fundamentals and the statistical framework that will be used throughout the thesis. The basic concepts in phylogenetics and an overview of Bayesian inference are presented in Chapter 1. In Chapter 2, we survey the models that are already used for rate variation. We argue that the CIR process---a diffusion process widely used in finance---is the best suited for applications in phylogenetics, for both mathematical and computational re

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26

Cohen, Margaret A. "Estimating the growth rate of harmful algal blooms using a model averaged method." View electronic thesis (PDF), 2009. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2009-1/rp/cohenm/margaretcohen.pdf.

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27

Kinene, Alan. "FORECASTING OF THE INFLATION RATES IN UGANDA: : A COMPARISON OF ARIMA, SARIMA AND VECM MODELS." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-49388.

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28

Brestovansky, Dennis Francis. "The Influence of competition on chemical process plant profitability and the selection of capacity and production rate : microeconomics and game theory models /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1986. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=8020.

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29

Conte, Riccardo. "A dynamical approach to the calculation of thermal reaction rate constants." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/85794.

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30

Corker, Lloyd A. "A test for Non-Gaussian distributions on the Johannesburg stock exchange and its implications on forecasting models based on historical growth rates." University of Western Cape, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7447.

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Masters of Commerce<br>If share price fluctuations follow a simple random walk then it implies that forecasting models based on historical growth rates have little ability to forecast acceptable share price movements over a certain period. The simple random walk description of share price dynamics is obtained when a large number of investors have equal probability to buy or sell based on their own opinion. This simple random walk description of the stock market is in essence the Efficient Market Hypothesis, EMT. EMT is the central concept around which financial modelling is based which include

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31

Hasan, Ebrahim A. Rahman. "Strategic Genco offers in electric energy markets cleared by merit order." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115916.

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In an electricity market cleared by merit-order economic dispatch we identify necessary and sufficient conditions under which the market outcomes supported by pure strategy Nash equilibria (NE) exist when generating companies (Gencos) game through continuously variable incremental cost (IC) block offers. A Genco may own any number of units, each unit having multiple blocks with each block being offered at a constant IC.<br>Next, a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) scheme devoid of approximations or iterations is developed to identify all possible NE. The MILP scheme is systematic and gen

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32

Lin, Shu-Chuan. "Robust estimation for spatial models and the skill test for disease diagnosis." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26681.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.<br>Committee Chair: Lu, Jye-Chyi; Committee Co-Chair: Kvam, Paul; Committee Member: Mei, Yajun; Committee Member: Serban, Nicoleta; Committee Member: Vidakovic, Brani. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

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33

Bouwman, Kees Evert. "Essays on financial econometrics : modeling the term structure of interest rates /." Enschede : PPI, 2008. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/561223343.pdf.

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Wong, Po-shing, and 黃寶誠. "Some mixture models for the joint distribution of stock's return and trading volume." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31210065.

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35

Ngalo-Morrison, Lulama. "Factors influencing the academic attainment of undergraduate sponsored students at the University of the Western Cape: a strength-based approach." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5553.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD (Education)<br>Deficit models dominate current research on academic retention and success in South African higher education and internationally. Most studies focus on students who are at risk of exiting higher education prematurely or those who fail academically because of their socio-economic conditions. Dropout and failure in existing research is often correlated to class and lack of access to financial resources. The prevailing philosophy based on needs assessment, deficit intervention and problem-solving does not sufficiently facilitate the academic success of div

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36

Renlund, Henrik. "Recursive Methods in Urn Models and First-Passage Percolation." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Matematisk statistik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-145430.

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This PhD thesis consists of a summary and four papers which deal with stochastic approximation algorithms and first-passage percolation. Paper I deals with the a.s. limiting properties of bounded stochastic approximation algorithms in relation to the equilibrium points of the drift function. Applications are given to some generalized Pólya urn processes. Paper II continues the work of Paper I and investigates under what circumstances one gets asymptotic normality from a properly scaled algorithm. The algorithms are shown to converge in some other circumstances, although the limiting distributi

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Neshatpour, Siavash. "Récentes implications au-delà du modèle standard des désintégrations de mésons beaux." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF22354.

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Des progrès expérimentaux importants sont en cours dans l’étude des désintégrations rares de mésons contenant un quark beau et impliquant un quark étrange et une paire de leptons. Le travail présent mesure la portée indirecte de ces progrés sur des extensions supersymétriques du modèle standard. Même dans des modèles contraints, les limites indirectes ainsi obtenues peuvent dans certains cas être plus fortes que celles provenant de la recherche directe de particules supersymétriques. La précision gagnée par les facteurs de forme et les corrections d’ordre supérieur nouvellement implémentés dan

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Erhardt, Erik Barry. "Bayesian Simultaneous Intervals for Small Areas: An Application to Mapping Mortality Rates in U.S. Health Service Areas." Link to electronic thesis, 2004. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0105104-195633/.

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Thesis (M.S.) -- Worcester Polytechnic Institute.<br>Keywords: Poisson-Gamma Regression; MCMC; Bayesian; Small Area Estimation; Simultaneous Inference; Statistics Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-67).

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Novakovic, Ana M. "Longitudinal Models for Quantifying Disease and Therapeutic Response in Multiple Sclerosis." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för farmaceutisk biovetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-316562.

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Treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and development of new therapies have been challenging due to the disease complexity and slow progression, and the limited sensitivity of available clinical outcomes. Modeling and simulation has become an increasingly important component in drug development and in post-marketing optimization of use of medication. This thesis focuses on development of pharmacometric models for characterization and quantification of the relationships between drug exposure, biomarkers and clinical endpoints in relapse-remitting MS (RRMS) following cladribine trea

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Uski, Ville. "Rare events and other deviations from universality in disordered conductors." Doctoral thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=968601898.

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Henter, Gustav Eje. "Probabilistic Sequence Models with Speech and Language Applications." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Kommunikationsteori, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-134693.

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Series data, sequences of measured values, are ubiquitous. Whenever observations are made along a path in space or time, a data sequence results. To comprehend nature and shape it to our will, or to make informed decisions based on what we know, we need methods to make sense of such data. Of particular interest are probabilistic descriptions, which enable us to represent uncertainty and random variation inherent to the world around us. This thesis presents and expands upon some tools for creating probabilistic models of sequences, with an eye towards applications involving speech and language.

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Gathy, Maude. "On some damage processes in risk and epidemic theories." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210063.

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Cette thèse traite de processus de détérioration en théorie du risque et en biomathématique.<p><p>En théorie du risque, le processus de détérioration étudié est celui des sinistres supportés par une compagnie d'assurance.<p><p>Le premier chapitre examine la distribution de Markov-Polya comme loi possible pour modéliser le nombre de sinistres et établit certains liens avec la famille de lois de Katz/Panjer. Nous construisons la loi de Markov-Polya sur base d'un modèle de survenance des sinistres et nous montrons qu'elle satisfait une récurrence élégante. Celle-ci permet notamment de déduire un

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Sheth, Swapnil Suhas. "Self-Consistency of the Lauritzen-Hoffman and Strobl Models of Polymer Crystallization Evaluated for Poly(ε-caprolactone) Fractions and Effect of Composition on the Phenomenon of Concurrent Crystallization in Polyethylene Blends". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23904.

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Narrow molecular weight fractions of Poly(ε-caprolactone) were successfully obtained using the successive precipitation fractionation technique with toluene/n-heptane as a solvent/nonsolvent pair. Calorimetric studies of the melting behavior of fractions that were crystallized either isothermally or under constant cooling rate conditions suggested that the isothermal crystallization of the samples should be used for a proper evaluation of the molecular weight dependence of the observed melting temperature and degree of crystallinity in PCL. The molecular weight and temperature dependence of th

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Tautenhahn, Martin. "Lokalisierung für korrelierte Anderson Modelle." Master's thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-200701584.

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Im Fokus dieser Diplomarbeit steht ein korreliertes Anderson Modell. Unser Modell beschreibt kurzreichweitige Einzelplatzpotentiale, wobei negative Korrelationen zugelassen werden. Für dieses korrelierte Modell wird mittels der fraktionalen Momentenmethode im Falle genügend großer Unordnung exponentieller Abfall der Greenschen Funktion bewiesen. Anschließend wird daraus für den nicht korrelierten Spezialfall Anderson Lokalisierung bewiesen<br>This thesis (diploma) is devoted to a correlated Anderson model. Our model describes short range single site potentials, whereby negative correlations be

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Allalen, Mohammed. "Magnetic properties and proton spin-lattice relaxation in molecular clusters." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=979984777.

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Horký, Miroslav. "Modely hromadné obsluhy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232033.

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The master’s thesis solves models of queueing systems, which use the property of Markov chains. The queueing system is a system, where the objects enter into this system in random moments and require the service. This thesis solves specifically such models of queueing systems, in which the intervals between the objects incomings and service time have exponential distribution. In the theoretical part of the master’s thesis I deal with the topics stochastic process, queueing theory, classification of models and description of the models having Markovian property. In the practical part I describe

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Ederer, Stefan, Maximilian Mayerhofer, and Miriam Rehm. "Rich and Ever Richer: Differential Returns Across Socio-Economic Groups." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2019. http://epub.wu.ac.at/7170/1/WP_29.pdf.

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This paper estimates rates of return across the gross wealth distribution in eight European countries. Like differential saving rates, differential rates of return matter for Post Keynesian theory, because they impact the income and wealth distribution and add an explosive element to growth models. We show that differential rates of return matter empirically by merging data on household balance sheets with long-run returns for individual asset categories. We find that (1) the composition of wealth differentiates between three socioeconomic groups: 30% are asset-poor, 65% are middle-class home

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Van, Heerden Petrus Marthinus Stephanus. "The relationship between the forward– and the realized spot exchange rate in South Africa / Petrus Marthinus Stephanus van Heerden." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4511.

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The inability to effectively hedge against unfavourable exchange rate movements, using the current forward exchange rate as the only guideline, is a key inhibiting factor of international trade. Market participants use the current forward exchange rate quoted in the market to make decisions regarding future exchange rate changes. However, the current forward exchange rate is not solely determined by the interaction of demand and supply, but is also a mechanistic estimation, which is based on the current spot exchange rate and the carry cost of the transaction. Results of various studies, inclu

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Dumas, James M. "The race for Muslim hearts and minds : a social movement analysis of the U.S. war on terror and popular support in the Muslim world." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/993.

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According to conventional wisdom winning hearts and minds is one of the most important goals for defeating terrorism. However, despite repeated claims about U.S. efforts to build popular support as part of the war on terror during the first seven years after 9/11, a steady stream of polls and surveys delivered troubling news. Using a counterinsurgency and social movement informed approach, I explain why the United States performed poorly in the race for Muslim hearts and minds, with a specific focus on problems inherent in the social construction of terrorism, the use of an enemy-centric model

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Mantovani, Marco. "Essays in forward looking behavior in strategic interactions." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209492.

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Abstract:

The general topic of our thesis is forward looking behavior in strategic situations. Mixing theoretical and experimental analysis, we document how strategic thinking is affected by the specific features of a dynamic interaction. The overarching result is that the information regarding decisions that are close to the current one, receive a qualitatively different consideration, with respect to distant ones. That is, the actual decisions are based on reasoning over a limited number of steps, close to actual decison node. We capture this feature of behavior both in a strategic (limited backward i

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