Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modèle vibrationnel'
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Souhabi, Jihane. "Réexamen du comportement vibrationnel des alliages modèles GaAs(1-x)Px et Si(1-x)Gex : modèle de percolation et calculs ab initio." Thesis, Metz, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010METZ025S/document.
Full textThe 1-bond → 2-TO percolation generic scheme proposed for the basic understanding of the vibra-tion spectra (Raman and Infrared –IR) of usual random semiconductor alloys with zincblende structure, which has recently challenged the standard MREI (modified-random-element-isodisplacement) model with the 1-bond→1-TO behavior, (Chang et Mitra, 1971) developped in the sixties, is here confronted to the cluster model (Verleur et Barker, 1966) which has been accepted through use for the study of the vibration spectra of these particular zincblende alloys, which obviously exhibit more than one phonon mode per bond in their vibration spectra. In fact, the IR reflectivity spectra of GaAs1-xPx, the representative alloy of the last class, i.e. those very ones which motivated the developpement of the cluster model in the sixties, find a natural explanation in the scope of the percolation model on the basis of a perfect random substitution As ↔ P, with no adjusta-ble parameter. With this, GaAs1-xPx and its like are rehabilitated as random alloys in principle, and further, the percolation paradigm generalizes to all types and subtypes of the traditional four-type classification of phonon mode behavior of semiconductor alloys, based on the MREI and cluster models. In a second stage, we investigate to which extent an extension of the percolation scheme to the di-amond structure may help to understand the mysterious nature of the Raman behavior of the representative Si1-xGex alloy. We realize that a good simulation of the Si1-xGex Raman spectra already existing in the literature can be obtained with no adjustable parameter but the Raman efficiency of the Si1-xGex bond within a generic 1-bond→N-TO version of the percolation model, where N indicates a sensitivity to the local environment of the Ge-Ge (N=1 non sensitive), Si-Si (N=2, sensitive to the first neighbor environment) and Si-Ge (N=3, sensitive to the second neighbor environment) bonds. Some differences between the GaAs1-xPx and Si1-xGex percolation patterns are attributed to the different natures of the lattice relaxation in the zincblende and di-amond structures (inversion of the order of like branches in the Si-Ge triplet) and to the spectacular disper-sion of the Ge-Ge like modes (anti parallelism of the unique Ge-Ge branch) and Si-Si (inversion of the order of like branches in the Si-Si doublet), which add to the local constraint effect, the only one usually taken into account in the zincblende alloys examined so far. The assignment of the individual phonons branches in each percolation scheme, i.e. GaAs1-xPx or Si1-xGex, is achieved via home-made ab initio phonon calculations with a focusing on bond-stretching along prototype impurity motives designed as quasi linear so as to be remain in with the spirit of the linear chain approximation on which the percolation model is based
Obiajunwa, Eusebius. "Contribution à l'étude de transition de forme par diffusion inélastique : application aux isotopes de samarium et de germanium." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112227.
Full textThe stable even samarium and germanium isotopes have been studied by means of inelastic proton (Ep = 24 MeV) and aloha (Eα= 36 MeV) scattering: 148-154 Sm(p,p’) 150-152 Sm(α,α’) ; 70-74 Ge(α,α’). Enriched self-supporting, thin metallic targets are used with high quality proton and alpha beams furnished by the Orsay Tandem Van de Graaff accelerator. The scattered particles were momentum analysed by a split-pole magnetic spectrometer and were detected by an ensemble of position-sensitive, high resolution detecter placed at the focal plane of the spectrometer. The various collective nuclear models: vibrations harmonic (VM) and anharmonic (AVM), rotationnal symmetric (SRM)and asymmetric (ARM), rotation-vibration (RVM), and interacting bosons model (IBM), used in the analysis of the experimental data are presented. The data for the low-lying levels of 148-150 Sm are analysed in the frame-work of the second order VM. The multiple-phonon states (1-,5-,3-) are studied for the first time in these nuclei. These analyses revealed that effects of anharmonicity should be considered especially for the multiphonon states. The data for the low-lying members of the ground states band (0+,2+,4+,6+) of 152-154Sm are analysed in the frame-work of SRM. The ground-state band and the octupole-vibrationnal band KIT= 0, (1-,3-,5-), of these two nuclei are for the first time, analysed simultaneous and in a coherent fashion, in the frame-work of the RVM. In the case of the inelastic 70-74 Ge (α,α'), experiments, the data for the low-lying states are analysed in the frame-work of the ARM, VM and AVM. The AVM is found to give a better description of the low-lying states of these three nuclei. A more rigorous and coherent method of treating the anharmonicity in vibrationnal nuclei is presented, starting from the Hamiltonien of Brink and Kerman ; the results obtained by this method is very encouraging. The application of the IBM to the analysis of inelastic scattering data is presented
Binauld, Quentin. "Modélisation et simulation du rayonnement dans les jets de moteurs à propergol solide à haute altitude." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLC090/document.
Full textRadiation from solid propellant rocketplumes is important for the prediction of thermalfluxes on vehicle walls and of plume signature. Athigh altitudes, of approximately 100 km, those plumesare characterized by two-phase compressible flows,highly rarefied in some regions, composed of aluminaparticles and exhaust combustion gases. Radiativetransfer plays an important role in the cooling and thephase change of the particles.In order to carry out numerical simulations of rocketplumes and their radiation, several models have beendeveloped. The radiation of the gas phase is takeninto account using statistical narrow bands models.The supercooling phenomenon has been modeled todeal with the phase change of alumina and to obtaincorrect temperature fields for the different size classesof particles. Finally, a splitting method of the radiativepower has been established to enable the couplingbetween radiation and the flow field under gas/particlethermal non-equelibrium. These models have beenimplemented in a calculation platform, enabling tocouple a Navier-Stokes solver for the gas phase, anEulerian solver dealing with the dispersed phase anda radiative solver based on a Monte Carlo method.The developed numerical tool has been partly validatedcomparing our results with the measurementsobtained during the BSUV2 experiment. In the conditionsof this experiment, particle radiation is shownto be predominant but the contribution of the gasphase is found to be non-negligible. Simulations underdifferent hypotheses have put the emphasis onthe importance of radiative transfer, coupled with thesupercooling phenomenon, for an accurate evaluationof particle temperature fields.The last part of this work focuses on the study ofgas vibrational non-equilibrium and its impact on radiationfrom high altitude plumes. It is shown thatthe slow deexcitation of vibrational levels of the CO2molecule during the plume expansion may increasesignificantly its radiation
Marques, Luís Silvino Alves. "Modélisation et caractérisation de décharges radiofréquence à couplage capacitif dans l'hydrogène." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA11A002.
Full textThis work presents the modelling and the characterization of capacitively-coupled radio- frequency discharges in hydrogen, produced within a cylindrical parallel-plate reactor. The discharge characterization covered a wide range of excitation frequencies (13,56-80. 0 mhz). Gas pressures (0. 2 - 6 torr) and applied rf voltages (50-800 v), and used a state of art two-dimensional fluid model (to describe the dynamics of electrons, positive ions h+, h2+, h3+ and negative ion h- in the reactor), self-consistently coupled to a homogeneous collisional-radiative model for hydrogen (including a very complete kinetic scheme involving vibrationally excited molecular species and electronically excited atomic species). There is a good agreement between calculated results and experimental measurements for the coupled electrical power and the plasma potential. However, model predictions for the electron density and the self-bias voltage show only a qualitative agreement with experiment, with calculated values understimated with respect to measurements. This qualitative disagreement is only slightly dependent of the kinetic scheme adopted, and probably is a direct consequence of the homogenous model describing the transport of neutral species. To clarify this, a two-dimensional hydrodynamic gas model is developed based on the navier-stokes equation system plus a multicomponent reactive mass transport module. This innovative model is the key part of a powerful predictive tool, to be used in the optimisation of plasma reactors for material processing
Habka, Sana. "Spectroscopie optique des paires d'ions : De la caractérisation des modèles en phase gazeuse à l'identification des paires d'ions en solution." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS227/document.
Full textIon pairs are ubiquitous in nature andwere documented in sea waters, aerosols andliving organisms, thus they play a crucial role inmany chemical and biochemical mechanisms.Although many experimental approaches aimedat identifying these ion pairs in solutions, theyfailed in characterizing their microscopicproperties, mainly due to the coexistence of manytypes of pairs in solution. This original study aimsto identify the structural properties of ion pairmodels in the gas phase that depicts theinteraction between carboxylate group and alkalication, largely present in biological media.Model systems (M+, C6H5(CH2)nCOO-, M = Li,Na, K, Rb, Cs and n ≤ 4) were the subject of thefirst studies conducted using gas phaseconformational selective IR and UV spectroscopycombined to quantum chemistry calculations.Among the identified structures, we found asecondary interaction between the cation andphenyl ring (cation-π interaction) for systems witha flexible carbon chain, which led us to study thecompetition between cation-anion and cation-πinteractions.The second study developed focused mainly oncharacterizing ion pairs (M+, CH3COO-; M = Li,Na) and free anion in solution, where the firstsolvation layer were described at the quantumlevel, followed by a solvent continuum. Thus thevibrationnal signatures proposed for theseaggregates were compared to solution spectra inlitterature, thus offering a reliable structuralassignement.This study on neutral ion pairs paves way to a betterunderstanding of ion pairing and offers a uniqueapproach to adress the structural characterization ofthese systems in solution
Hermet, Patrick. "Modélisation de la dynamique vibrationnelle des oligothiophènes." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20168.
Full textO'Neill, Martin P. "Vibrational analyses of unrestrained large skeletal structures." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1989. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/847864/.
Full textLucas, Geoffrey Iain Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Vibrational characteristics of structures with uncertainty." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41274.
Full textVorobiev, Anatoliy. "Thermal vibrational convection in near-critical fluids." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30205.
Full textAsarar, Kate. "Predicting comfort in autonomous driving from vibration measurements using machine learning models." Thesis, KTH, Fordonsdynamik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-299355.
Full textSjälvkörande bilar är snart inte längre en dröm utan en mycket sann verklighet. År 2021 planerar BMW att släppa ut sin första autonoma bil på vägarna. Dock är vägen till att förverkliga denna nya teknik full av utmaningar. Utöver den tvärgående och längsgående dynamiska styrningen av fordonet, så spelar även passagerarens förväntningar på det vertikala dynamiska vibrationsbeteendet en växande roll. Speciellt under långa resor på motorvägen där den för nuvarande aktiva föraren blir passagerare, som läser, arbetar eller sover under sin nyvunna tid. De nya användarsenarierna ställer i sin tur nya krav på bilens komfort. Krav som inte har blivit hittills utförligt undersäkta, fastän de kan komma att spela en stor roll i teknikens framgång.Detta examensarbete genomfördes hos BMW:s huvudkontor i Tyskland och hade som mål att undersöka olika maskininlärningsmodeller och deras förmåga att identifiera mönster mellan de subjektiva komfortvärden som rapporterats av deltagarna i en studie, givna på skala 1-7, och de mekaniska vibrationerna som de upplevde mätta i m/s^2. Uppgifterna samlades in i en tidigare oberoende studie. Statistiska metoder användes för att säkerställa datakvaliteten. I detta arbeter har en jämförelse mellan ISO 2631-1-komfortbedömningar och undersökningsresultaten gjorts för att förstå behovet av en mer sofistikerad komfortstandard för att objektifera komfort i självkörande bilar. Arbetet fortsatte med att undersöka olika metoder för att minska datadimensionerna och deras inflytande på modellernas prestanda. Processen som används för att bygga, optimera och validera neurala nätverk och andra modeller är inkluderad i metoddelen och resultaten är presenterade och förklarade därefter. Arbetet avslutas med en diskussion kring både resultatets validitet och modellernas användbarhet.De maskininlärningsmodeller som undersöktes i detta examensarbete har visat stor potential för att upptäcka komplexa mönster som kopplar känslor och tankar till mekaniska variabler. Modellerna kunde förutsäga rätt komfortnivå med upp till 50% precision när 6 eller 7 nivåer av komfort användes. Vid uppdelning i hög mot låg komfort, dvs att kunna förutsäga en av två komfortnivåer, kunde modellerna uppnå en precision på upp till 75.4%.
MOUSTAGHFIR, ABDELKRIM. "Catalycite et accommodation dans un gaz de relaxation vibrationnelle. Modele numerique et etude experimentale." Aix-Marseille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX11337.
Full textGuy, Aurélien. "Collisional-radiative and macroscopic models for the thermochemical relaxation of non-equilibrium hypersonic flows." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00978518.
Full textWojcieszak, Marine. "La soie, "modèle" de polymères naturels fibreux : analyse vibrationnelle et nano/micromécanique, de la fibre au composite." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066506/document.
Full textFibrous proteins (keratin, elastin, collagen, fibroin ...) make up to one third of the proteins ofmammals and birds. They are structural proteins with a protective and/or mechanical function. Silk appearsto be the ‘simplest’ model because it mainly consists of two small amino acids residues (alanine andglycine). Some silks have comparable or superior mechanical properties compared to those of syntheticfibres and could be used in technical applications (e.g. biomedical) if the variability of their properties canbe controlled. This work focuses on the structure of silks from: Bombyx mori (domestic silkworm)degummed or not, Nephila madagascariensis (wild spider, no sericin coating), GM Bombyx mori (includinga gene of Nephila) a recombinant spider silk 4RepCT (Escherichia Coli). Silk is analyzed by Ramanspectroscopy (and FTIR), uni-axial tensile testing, and also by the coupling of these methods. The analysisof the low wavenumbers region in Raman spectroscopy allowed the characterization of ordered regions of 2to 3 microns separated by about 60 microns. This is the first evidence of the heterogeneous structure ofsilk. Coupling with the uni-axial tensile test shows that these ordered regions are stressed under macroscopicdeformation, suggesting silk organization according to Prevorsek’s model, i.e. that the samemacromolecular chain belongs to both amorphous and ordered regions. The statistical study of themechanical properties of silkworm and spider silks shows great dispersion, but a good stability over time(decades). Genetic modification does not improve the fibres mechanical properties but a slight decrease intheir variability. Various strategies have been investigated to control the variability: bacterial production,solubilization of silk and films regeneration. The role of water in silk biosynthesis, as well as the effect ofvarious parameters (filtration, pH, drying ...) during the preparation of the films were studied. It wasconfirmed that the presence of protein aggregates promotes the organization in film and two types of filmswere prepared. The most amorphous ones have the most interesting mechanical properties, though only afew percent of those from the starting fibres. The fabrication of regenerated silk matrix compositesreinforced by silk fibres increases the strength and strain to failure. These initial results are encouraging forthe development of silk fibres/regenerated silk matrix composite materials
Durantay, Lionel. "Analyse vibratoire d'un stator de machine électrique asynchrone et modélisation des forces d'attraction électromagnétique d'entrefer." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL103N.
Full textGéan, Julie. "Réalisation de systèmes membranaires modèles et étude de leur organisation par microscopie à l'angle de Brewster, spéctroscopie PM-IRRAS et dichroi͏̈sme circulaire vibrationnel." Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12896.
Full textPotier, Louis. "DFT-MD simulations of aluminium oxide/liquid water interfaces for heterogeneous catalysis." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLE032.
Full textThis PhD thesis, funded by ANR SLIMCAT (Solid-Liquid Interface at Molecular Scale for Catalysis), has for goal to characterize the structure of alumina/liquid water interfaces, both from the point of view of the solid and liquid in contact. Beyond structural properties, we aim to provide some details on the chemistry occurring at the interface, and also to understand to what extent α-alumina surfaces models are relevant for γ-alumina surfaces effectively used in experiments in heterogeneous catalysis. DFT-MD (Density Functional Theory based Molecular Dynamics) was used for the simulations, multiple codes were developed to compute all relevant structural and spectroscopic properties from the simulations data. SFG (Sum Frequency Generation) spectroscopy was also employed in the theory to definitely assign the composition, speciation and structure of the aqueous α-(0001)-C and α-(1102)-R alumina surfaces. Multiple surfaces have been presented in the literature as being the most stable for the (1102)-R orientation of α-alumina. By investigating all of them by DFT-MD, we have shown that, when placed in contact with liquid water, only the C1 surface is stable and simultaneously provide a SFG spectrum consistent with the experimental one. However, the (1102)-R-C2 surface is known to be the most stable in contact with the air. To reconcile these two observations, we demonstrated that the calcination of the (1102)-R-C1/liquid water interface at high temperature (~1000 K) leads to the conversion to the (1102)-R-C2 surface, now in contact with the air, while the (1102)-R-C2 recontructs towards the (1102)-R-C1 surface once put in contact with water. We have also resolved the controversies in literature on the α-(0001)-C/liquid water interface. A particular organization of liquid water has hence been shown to exist, consisting of a 2D-HBond-network formed in the topmost interfacial water layer via water-water H-bonds oriented parallel to the surface. This structure is reminiscent of the 2D-HBond-Network formed by water at the interface with the ultimate hydrophobic medium, i.e. vacuum. When electrolytes (1.0M KCl) were placed at this interface, their presence was found not to affect the organization of the 2D-Hbond-network. The γ-(110) and γ-(100) gamma-alumina/liquid water interfaces were also investigated. We find that the γ-(110)/liquid water interface especially shares many common points with α-alumina aqueous interfaces, which shows that α-models are relevant to provide information for the structure of the aqueous γ-alumina employed in catalysis
Bonnal, Thomas. "Développements de modèles optiques et de méthodes non supervisées de résolution des problèmes bilinéaires : application à l’imagerie vibrationnelle." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1063.
Full textComplementary information, to that provided by elemental analysis and diffraction techniques, is needed to characterize inorganic materials. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy enables to characterize covalent bonds and the environment of functional groups in materials. Thus, it is a technique of interest to study hydrated materials, amorphous materials or any materials, which may experience ageing phenomena. By combining this technique with a micrometric motorized stage, cartographies of chemical compounds can be obtained on several square millimeters: this is the infrared microscopy technique. This Ph.D. thesis focuses on the use of reflected light, in particular through the study of specular reflection and of Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR). After a first part focused on the different acquisition set-ups, a second part covers the unsupervised methodologies of resolution employed to obtain chemical maps. They result in one map for each component present in the analyzed area. Dimensions reduction techniques and multivariate statistics techniques are implemented to estimate the number of components and their infrared spectra; minimization problems under constraints are solved to retrieve chemical information. When specular reflection is used to acquire spectra, no contact is made with the sample, thus no damage of the analyzed area occurs during the acquisition. A priori, it is a great technique to study the evolution of a material. However, this technique suffers from the complexity of interpretation of the resulting spectra. With the objective to democratize the use of specular reflection to obtain chemical maps, models based on geometrical optics and including diffraction, correction of interferograms and classical homogenization techniques have been developed. This work resulted in an optical model linking the angle of incidence, the polarization state and the dielectric optical constants of the material with the reflected light, which is measured. A model material, constituted of three distinct phases, detectable in the infrared range, has specially been fabricated to validate this optical model. This model set the stage for the use of elliptically polarized light in the determining of the complex refractive indices of materials in the infrared range. Thanks to this development, infrared spectroscopes, equipped with a classical set-up to control the angle of incidence, can now be used in addition to ellipsometry techniques
El, Idrissi Moulay. "Modèles globaux de la structure vibrationnelle des molécules polyatomiques :approche spectroscopique appliquée à l'acétylène et au methyl-acétylène." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211579.
Full textGarbulsky, Gerardo Damián. "Ground-state structure and vibrational free energy in first-principles models of subsitutional-alloy thermodynamics." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10911.
Full textAhmed, Lamis. "Models for analysis of shotcrete on rock exposed to blasting." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Betongbyggnad, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-93716.
Full textInom undermarks- och tunnelbyggande leder strävan efter en mer tidseffektiv byggprocess till fokus på möjligheten att reducera väntetiderna mellan byggetapper. Möjligheten att projicera sprutbetong på bergytor i ett tidigt skede efter sprängning är avgörande för säkerheten under konstruktionen av t.ex. en tunnel. En komplikation uppstår när behovet av ytterligare sprängning kan påverka härdningen av nysprutad betong. Om betong, gjuten eller sprutad, utsätts för vibrationer i ett tidigt skede under härdningsprocessen kan skador som hotar funktionen hos den hårdnade betongen uppstå. Kunskapen i ämnet är knapphändig, eller obefintlig, och det finns inga etablerade riktlinjer för praktisk användning. Slutsatsen från tidigare undersökningar visar att sprutbetong kan tåla höga vibrationer (partikelhastigheter) utan att allvarliga skador uppstår. Oarmerad sprutbetong kan vara oskadd efter att ha utsatts för så höga vibrationsnivåer som 0,5–1 m/s medan partier med förlorad vidhäftning till berget kan uppträda vid vibrationshastigheter högre än 1 m/s. Funktionen hos ung och hårdnande sprutbetong som utsätts för höga vibrationsnivåer undersöks här för att identifiera säkra avstånd och sprutbetongåldrar för undermarks- och tunnelbyggande, med hjälp av numeriska analyser och jämförelser med mätningar och observationer. Arbetet fokuserar på att finna samband mellan numeriska resultat, mätresultat och observationer från tunnelbyggande. Det slutliga resultatet kommer att vara riktlinjer för praktisk användning. Projektet omfattar utveckling av sofistikerade dynamiska finita elementmodeller för vilka insamlad information och data kommer att användas som indata för det finita elementprogrammet Abaqus. Modellerna utvärderades och förfinats genom jämförelser mellan beräknade och uppmätta resultat. Först jämfördes befintliga enkla mekaniska, ingenjörsmässiga modeller vilka utvärderades genom beräkningar och jämförelser med befintliga data. Den första modellen är en strukturdynamisk modell bestående av massor och fjäderelement. Den andra är en modell uppbyggd av finita balkelementet sammankopplade med fjädrar. Den tredje är en endimensionell elastisk spänningsvågsmodell. Spänningstillståndet i sprutbetongen närmast berget, utsatt för vinkelrätt inkommande P-vågor simulerades. Resultat från icke-förstörande laborationsprovningar användes också som testdata för modellerna. Experimentellt studerades P-vågsutbredning i en betongbalk med egenskaper likvärdiga med berg. Cementbruk med egenskaper liknande sprutbetong applicerades på balkens ena ände medan en hammare användes i den andra. Formen hos den genererade spänningsvågen som propagerade mot sprutbetongänden registrerades med accelerometrar utplacerade längs balken. På grund av bergets inhomogena karaktär kommer spänningsvågorna från sprängningen att dämpas ut på vägen från detonationspunkten till sprutbetongen på bergytan. Materialdämpningen hos bergmassan måste därför beaktas och kan uppskattas utifrån resultat från fältmätningar. Vibrationståligheten hos förstärkningssystem av sprutbetong och berg beror av materialegenskaperna hos sprutbetongen och i den här studien varierades de åldersberoende egenskaperna för att undersöka beteendet hos nysprutad och hårdnande sprutbetong utsatt för sprängbelastning. De numeriska simuleringarna kräver realistiska materialdata för sprutbetong och berg, som t.ex. densitet och elasticitetsmodul. De beräknade resultaten var i god överensstämmelse med observationer och mätningar i fält plats, och med de tidigare numeriska resultaten. Jämfört med de mekaniska modellerna kan ett sofistikerat finit elementprogram underlätta modellering av mer komplexa geometrier och också ge mer detaljerade resultat. Det visades att vågutbredning genom berg och fram emot sprutbetong kan beskrivas med tvådimensionella elastiska finita element i en dynamisk analys. Modellerna måste beskriva bergets egenskaper och noggrannheten i dessa parametrar kommer att ha stor inverkan på resultaten. Det kommer att vara möjligt att beskriva vågutbredningen genom bergmassan, från detonationspunkten till reflektionen vid bergytan, det vill säga gränssnittet mellan sprutbetong och berg. Det är acceptabelt att använda elastiska materialformuleringar tills materialet elasticitetsgräns överskrids tills töjningar utanför det elastiska området nås, vilket därmed indikerar materialbrott. Den högre komplexiteten hos den här typen av modell, jämfört med de mekaniska modellerna, kommer att göra det möjligt att analysera mer komplexa tunnelgeometrier. Exempel på preliminära rekommendationer för praktiskt bruk ges och det visas hur de utvecklade modellerna och den föreslagna analysmetodiken kan användas för att fastställa ytterligare detaljerade gränsvärden.
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QUENTIN, THIERRY. "Analyse vibrationnelle de quelques potentiels modeles a plusieurs puits a l'aide de la methode des elements finis." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066430.
Full textAbo, Aly Mohamed. "Étude vibrationnelle de polyènes et polyenals conjugués modèles de chromophores de pigments photosensibles : influence de la méthylation et de la configuration." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066380.
Full textCambedouzou, Julien. "Étude structurale et vibrationnelle de composés à base de nanotubes de carbone : nanotubes bifeuillets, peapods et composés ternaires." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20077.
Full textMargueritat, Jérémie. "Optical and vibrational properties of new “nano-designed” materials produced by pulsed laser deposition." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/272/.
Full textWe have developed new concepts for the fabrication of thin layer of nanostructured materials based on the deposit by alternate laser ablation of metal (Ag) and dielectric (Al2 O3). This technique allows us to reach an optimal control on the morphological parameters of the nanostructures, which determine the optical response of the thin layers. We produced nanospheres, nanolentils and nanocolumns, self-organized and oriented, embedded in an amorphous alumina matrix. Their optical response was studied according to their morphology and was compared with theoretical simulations. Simultaneously, the vibrational answer of nanostructures was analyzed using low frequency Raman spectrometry. Finally, nanostructures containing alternate layers of Co and Ag nanoparticles, respectively, and separated by few nanometers have also been produced. We have shown that the interaction between the surface plasmon and the spheroidal acoustic vibration modes of the nanoparticles, activates the Raman signal
Fomchenko, Anna. ""Expanded" local mode approach and isotopic effect in polyatomic molecules." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOS036/document.
Full textIn this thesis, on the base of the "expanded", local mode approach and general isotopic substitution theory we obtain sets of simple analytical relations between spectroscopic parameters (harmonic frequencies, anharmonic coefficients, ro-vibrational parameters, different kinds of Fermi and Coriolis-type interaction parameters) of the CH2D2, CH3D and CHD3 molecules. All of them are expressed as simple functions of spectroscopic parameters of the mother CH4 molecule. Test calculations with the isotopic relations show that even without including prior informations about the isotopic species, numerical results of calculations are in a good agreement both with experimental data and results of ab initio calculations. On the base of operators perturbation theory and the symmetry properties of the axially symmetric XYZ3 (C3v) type molecules, we derive general formulae for the determination of the spectroscopic parameters in the form of functions of structural parameters and parameters of the intramolecular potential function. We present also an approach for determination of the Hamiltonian of polyatomic molecules that allows to solve the problem of potential energy surface determination via the construction and the diagonalization of a Hamiltonian matrix of large dimension
Bortoletto, Daiana Ribeiro. "Modelo computacional "ab-initio" para carcinoma espinocelular." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2017.
Find full textMonezi, Natália Mariana. "Espectroscopia Raman ressonante e cálculos DFT de sistemas modelo de transferência de carga." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46136/tde-24082018-095811/.
Full textIn this work the charge transfer complexes resulting from the interaction between tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), as electron accepting species and mono, bi and tri aromatic amines, as electron donating species, were studied in solution. Also the electrophilic aromatic substitution that occurs between the TCNE and amines has been studied. For this study, the spectroscopic techniques of UV-VIS absorption and Raman were used, which allowed the characterization of the charge transfer complexes, as well as of the species involved in the reaction of tricianovinylation that occurs between amines and TCNE. In order to support the experimental data, DFT (Density Functional Theory) and TDDFT (Time-dependent Density Functional Theory) calculations were performed, to obtain the optimized geometries, Raman frequency values and theoretical transition energies of such species. The electronic spectra of the complexes formed between TCNE and monoaromatic amines showed that their transition energies are proportional to the amine electron donation capacity. In fact it could be linearly correlated with the ionization potential values of the amines, following the Mullikens rule. The Raman spectra allowed to verify that the vibrational modes of the TCNE involved in the process of charge transfer, were displaced to lower wavenumbers with the reduction of the ionization potential of the amine, and analogously, a linear correlation between these two parameters could be obtained. In the case of bi and tri aromatic amines, the linear trend between transition energy and ionization potential was observed, but not for the Raman shifts of the TCNE bands. In the reaction of tricianovinylation, the electronic spectra enabled the identification of the participating species in the reaction, and their vibrational characterization by resonance Raman. Using resonance Raman spectroscopy, it was possible to characterize the intermediate species of the tricianovinylation reaction between TCNE and aromatic amines for the first time. The complexes involving TCNQ and monoaromatic amines showed a similar trend to that observed in complexes with TCNE. The transition energies of these complexes decrease linearly, as well as the vibrational modes of the TCNQ, which present shifts to lower Raman frequencies with the decrease of the ionization potential of the amine. On the other hand, complexes formed by TCNQ and amines with more than one aromatic ring in their structure do not present correlation between donor ionization potential and transition energy and Raman displacements. The calculations of the electronic and vibrational spectra presented good agreement with those obtained experimentally, however some limitations were evidenced in the description of the π interactions in these model systems.
Rimoli, Caio Vaz. "Mecanismos de interação molecular de polieletrólitos antimicrobianos em membranas modelo por espectroscopia vibracional não linear." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76132/tde-06102015-083354/.
Full textResearch on new antimicrobial molecules and strategies is crucial due to the increasing microorganism resistance to antibiotics. Antimicrobial Polymers have many advantages when compared to other small biocides: increased lifetimes, potency, specificity and lower residual toxicity. Therefore, they have great potential for technological applications, such as antimicrobial coatings, packages, or textile products. In particular, water-soluble derivatives of chitosan, such as chitosan oligomers (CO), are cationic biopolymers obtained from renewable sources that are promising candidates to a wide-spectrum antimicrobial agent (fungi, gram positive and gram negative bacteria). Unlike chitosan, which is mainly bioactive at acidic pH, CO remain cationic - and therefore active - at physiological pH. Nevertheless, the exact mechanism by which this polymer acts on the cell membranes remains unknown at the molecular level. This work aims at investigating the molecular interaction between CO and a biomimetic cell membrane model (Langmuir Film). For comparison, another synthetic cationic polylelectrolyte with antibacterial properties, PAH – poly(alylamine hydrochloride), has been investigated. We have carried out Sum-Frequency Generation (SFG) Spectroscopy on Langmuir Films of phospholipids on pure water and on antimicrobial containing subphases. SFG Spectroscopy allows obtaining the vibrational spectrum of interfacial molecules (lipid Langmuir Film and molecules interacting with it – water and antimicrobials), without any contribution from the bulk molecules, and is quite sensitive to the conformation of membrane lipids. A zwitterionic phospholipid (DPPC) was used to model human-like membranes, while a negatively charged phospholipid (DPPG) modeled bacterial-like membranes. Surface pressure-area isotherms on antimicrobial-containing subphases showed that both PAH and CO led to a small expansion of DPPC monolayers. However, for DPPG monolayers both polyelectrolytes led to significant expansion, with CO causing a more dramatic effect. SFG spectra in the CH stretch range showed that the lipid chain conformation remained always well ordered in all cases (slightly less ordered upon interacting with PAH), despite membrane expansion. This indicates that CO were inserted in the monolayer, forming islands of CO within the lipid film. Changes in the SFG spectral lineshape of OH stretches for the interfacial water molecules indicated that PAH adsorption on both DPPC and DPPG films was able to overcompensate the lipid negative charge and led to an overall surface charge reversal. The SFG spectra of the phosphate groups also indicated that in pure water the DPPC headgroups had a more ordered orientation than in the case of DPPG. Nevertheless, upon interaction with the cationic polyelectrolytes, the DPPG headgroups also become ordered, with a preferential orientation towards the subphase. Experiments with the antimicrobials injected in the subphase under a condensed Langmuir film indicated that CO were also capable of monolayer penetration, albeit causing a reduced film expansion. This comparison indicates that the choice of experimental methodology affects the outcome, but both may be complementary, as they may represent different phases of a biomembrane lifecycle. The detailed view provided here for the molecular interaction of these polyelectrolytes with lipid films may shed light on the mechanism of their biocidal activity and aid on a rational design of new antimicrobial polymers.
Sandin, Joakim. "Analysis Methods for Structures with Visco-Elastic Damping Treatment." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för maskinteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-13250.
Full textUnder utvecklingen av flygplan undersöks hur vibrationer påverkar flygplansstrukturen under olika förutsättningar. Dessa vibrationer kan skada elektronisk utrustning som är monterad i flygplanskroppen och kan även göra så att materialutmattning uppstår i flygplansstrukturen. För att motverka vibrationer finns det två metoder som är att föredra, antingen att montera vibrationsisolatorer mellan de elektroniska utrustningarna och strukturen eller att ändra designen på strukturer till en styvare. Dessa metoder är enkla att implementera i ett tidigt steg i utvecklingsprocessen men i senare steg, då vibrationsproblem ofta upptäcks, så är det för komplicerat och för dyrt att göra större ändringar på strukturen och så är det ont om plats för att kunna installera vibrations isolatorer. En tredje metod är istället att implementera passiv dämpning i form av dämpningsmattor på ytor av strukturen där kritiska vibrationer uppstår. Effekterna av det strukturella uppförandet när dämpningsmattor är applicerade på en viss struktur har studerats i det här examensarbetet. Syftet är att få en fördjupad kunskap om hur dämpningsmattor kan användas för att reducera vibrationer i flygplan strukturer. Den typ av dämpningsmatta som har studerats är känd som Constrained Layer Damping, CLD, vilken är en sandwich av ett visko-elastiskt lager samt ett styvare lager. Modellerings och simuleringsmetoder som är baserade på kommersiella FE-mjukvaror har utvecklats. Analysmetoderna är baserade på att utföra modalanalys tillsammans med strukturell dämpning. Detta möjliggör att förutse den övergripande dämpningen vid varje strukturell mod. Modellerna för dämpningsmattorna har i det här projektet verifierats med experimental testning av typiska dämpningsmattor. Metodiken kan användas till att prediktera beteendet av dämpade strukturer för att uppnå en effektiv och lättviktig passiv dämpningslösning.
Gaimes, Nabil. "Etude de la dynamique vibrationnelle des milieux désordonnés par diffusion inélastique de la lumière : application à des verres stabilisés à différentes températures." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20225.
Full textSilva, Filho Arnaldo Fernandes da 1987. "Aplicação do modelo QTAIM/CCFDF para o estudo de estruturas eletrônicas dos clorofluorometanos." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/249355.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química
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Resumo: Foram calculadas as intensidades fundamentais vibracionais no infravermelho e as contribuições QTAIM/CCFDF do tensor polar atômico, nos níveis MP2/6-311++G(3d,3p) e QCISD/cc-pVTZ, para os clorofluorometanos. Um erro rms de 21,2 km/mol foi encontrado entre as intensidades experimentais e as obtidas no nível MP2/6-311++G(3d,3p), e 20,0 km/mol, entre as intensidades experimentais e as obtidas no nível QCISD/cc-pVTZ. O erro rms encontrado entre as intensidades obtidas das funções de onda e as calculadas através dos parâmetros QTAIM/CCFDF foi de 0,016 km/mol para o nível MP2/6-311++G(3d,3p), e 0,018 km/mol para o nível QCISD/cc-pVTZ. O erro para os elementos do tensor polar atômico e derivada média do momento dipolar entre os níveis QCISD/cc-pVTZ, MP2/6-311++G(3d,3p) e os valores experimentais foi da ordem de 0,06 u.a. Apesar do bom resultado para a derivada média do momento dipolar, as contribuições CCFDF não foram calculadas com a mesma exatidão. Apenas os fluorometanos parecem ter estruturas eletrônicas que se ajustam ao modelo simples de eletronegatividade. o átomo de flúor não tem sua capacidade de atrair os elétrons do átomo central saturada, enquanto a carga efetiva do cloro parece depender da quantidade e identidade dos demais átomos substituintes. Esse efeito de saturação separa as moléculas estudadas em três grupos: fluorometanos, clorometanos e clorofluorometanos. As derivadas médias do momento dipolar seguem melhor o modelo de Siegbahn do que cargas de fluxo zero, apesar contribuições dinâmicas que não se anulam completamente. A regra da soma para as derivadas médias do momento dipolar se mostrou eficiente para o átomo de carbono. Os átomos terminais não tiveram a mesma precisão para a regra da soma. A anisotropia calculada no nível QCISD/cc-pVTZ, teve um concordância superior com os valores experimentais, quando comparada com valores do nível MP2/6-311++G(3d,3p)
Abstract: The infrared fundamental intensities and QTAIM/CCFDF contributions to the atomic polar tensor were calculated at MP2/6-311++G(3d, 3p) and QCISD/cc-pVTZ levels, for the chlorofluoromethanes. A rms error of 21.2 km/mol was obtained between experimental and MP2/6-311++G(3d, 3p) intensities. The rms error between experimental and QCISD/cc-pVTZ intensities was 20.0 km/mol. The rms error found between intensities obtained directly from the wave functions and calculated through QTAIM/CCFDF parameters was 0.016 km/mol for the MP2/6-311++G(3d, 3p) level, and 0.018 km/mol for the QCISD/cc-pVTZ level. The error between the theoretical atomic polar tensor elements and mean dipole moment derivatives compared to experimental values is about 0.06 a.u. Despite good results for the mean dipole moment derivatives, the CCFDF contributions have not been calculated with the same accuracy. The fluoromethanes seem to be the only group whose electronic structures fit the simple electronegativity model. The fluorine atom does not has its ability to drain charge from the central atom altered, while the chlorine effective charge seems to depend on the number and identity of other terminal atoms. This saturating effect separates the studied molecules in three groups: fluoromethanes, chloromethane and chlorofluoromethanes. Mean dipole moment derivatives have a better fit to Siegbahn¿s model than zero-flux charges, beside to their dynamic contributions. The sum rule for mean dipole moment derivatives was efficient for the carbon atom. Terminal atoms did not have the same accuracy for the sum rule. QCISD/cc-pVTZ anisotropy values were closer to experimental values, when compared to the MP2/6-311++G(3d, 3p) level
Mestrado
Físico-Química
Mestre em Química
Hantz-Brachet, Edith. "Etude d'émulsions et de vésicules unilamellaires d'intérêt biologique ou pharmaceutique par diffusion quasiélastique de la lumière et spectroscopie vibrationnelle." Paris 13, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA132009.
Full textSilva, Filho Arnaldo Fernandes da 1987. "Aprimoramento do modelo QTAIM/CCFDF : como descrever a vibração de moléculas." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/249378.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química
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Resumo: No que diz respeito aos clorofluorometanos, os estiramentos e deformações C-F têm cargas atômicas que fornecem as contribuições dominantes para as intensidades totais, ainda que as suas interações com os fluxos de carga e de dipolo sejam importantes. A soma das contribuições de carga com estas interações permite estimativas muito precisas para as intensidades dos estiramentos C-F. Para os estiramentos e deformações C-H e C-Cl as contribuições de carga não são dominantes. Para os estiramentos e deformações C-H as contribuições de carga são diminuídas pelas contribuições fluxo de carga e fluxo de dipolo, bem como por suas interações. Isto é também o caso para o acetileno, que possui um dos hidrogênios mais ácidos entre todos os hidrocarbonetos. O fenômeno de transferência de carga - contrapolarização foi utilizado para determinar com precisão a intensidade de 30 vibrações (estiramentos e deformações C-H) para átomos de carbono hibridizados sp3 e sp2. A carga de equilíbrio deve ser levada em consideração para descrever intensidades envolvendo hidrogênios ligados aos carbonos hibridizados sp, ainda que efeitos de transferência de carga ¿ contrapolarização ainda sejam importantes. Para os complexos de ligação de hidrogênio, a diminuição do fluxo de carga causa um aumento na intensidade de absorção devido às interações entre termos cruzados. Para os estiramentos simétrico e antissimétrico para a água o fluxo de dipolo é determinante para o aumento de intensidade, porque os termos de carga e fluxo de carga se cancelam quase inteiramente com sua interação. Os estudos QTAIM sugerem que para as intensidades dos trímeros, dímeros e monômeros de água e HF existem funções muito complexas de parâmetros eletrônicos, mas que essas funções podem ser representadas de maneira simplificada por contribuições CCFDF do hidrogênio "ponte", responsável por maior parte das flutuações eletrônicas
Abstract: Atomic charges are dominant to the C-F stretches and bendings to total intensity, even though the interactions with charge fluxes and dipole fluxes are also important. The sum of the charge contributions with these interactions enable a very precise estimate to the intensities . For C-H and C-Cl stretches and bending charge contributions are not dominant. For the C-H stretches and bendings charge contributions are reduced by the charge flux and dipole flux interactions. This is also the case for acetylene, which has one of the most acidic hydrogens among all hydrocarbons. The charge transfer ¿ counter polarization model was used to accurately determine the intensity of 30 C-H vibrations for both sp3 and sp2 carbon atoms. The the charge contributions must be taken into account to describe intensities involving hydrogens attached to sp hybridized carbons, even though charge transfer ¿ counter polarization effects are still important. For hydrogen bonding complexes, the decrease in charge flux causes an increase in absorption intensity due to the cross interactions terms. For the symmetric and antisymmetric stretches of the water dimer the dipole flux is crucial to the intensity increase, since the terms of charge and charge flux cancel each other almost entirely .The infrared intensities for complexes can be represented in a simplified manner by the CCFDF contributions of the "bridge" hydrogen , responsible for most electronic fluctuations.
Doutorado
Físico-Química
Doutor em Ciências
Mauguière, Frédéric. "Etude de la dynamique vibrationnelle de molécules triatomiques par les orbites périodiques et leurs bifurcations à partir de modèles effectifs et ab initio : états excités et effets de substitutions isotopiques." Reims, 2009. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00001115.pdf.
Full textThis thesis work is devoted to vibrational dynamics of triatomic molecules nucleus. For this problem we have a double approach. First, we make quantum calculations by variational, DVR and contact transformations methods. Then we use nonlinear dynamics methods to interpret quantum results. The first part recalls some mathematics about dynamical systems and bifurcation theory. A review of the problem of vibrations in molecular physics is also given. The second part concerns dynamics of vibration with effective models. These models consist of effective hamiltonians built by contact transformations methods. A correspondence principle is used to obtain classical hamiltonians and then make a periodic orbit analysis. These periodic orbits are systematically compared with quantum wave functions. Finally, the last part discusses the dynamics of vibration directly from the potential energy surface. We lead quantum variational and DVR calculations with large basis. The study of periodic orbits brings to light the quantum results. In a first time we are interested in C2v symmetry group molecules. Then we are interested in isotopic substitions who break the symmetry from C2v to Cs
Maliwan, Kittinan. "Modélisation de l'action des vibrations sur les écoulements de convection thermique ou solutale en milieux poreux." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30137.
Full textThe present work, we study analytically the effect of the action of high-frequency vertical vibration on the onset of the convective motion in mono and multi-component fluids in porous media. The geometry considered is a "Rayleigh-Bénard" configuration. Generalized Darcy-Brinkman mathematical model is taken into account to describe convective flows. In the framework of Oberbeck-Boussinesq approximation, the induced convective motion due to temperature field or concentration field in the presence of gravitational and vibrational fields are studied by using time-averaged method. In the first part of this work, the case of porous media saturated by pure fluid is considered. The critical parameters are found by applying Galerkin method. The asymptotic analysis is also performed to obtain an analytical relation in the case of small Darcy numbers. It is shown that high-frequency vertical vibration can delay convective instabilities and, in this way, reduce the convective flow. In the case of very small Darcy numbers, the weakly non-linear analysis is then carried out to obtain an expression for Nusselt number. .
CREUZE, Jérôme. "Des surfaces aux joints de grains : la ségrégation dans tous ses états." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001572.
Full textSilva, Junior João Viçozo. "Aplicação do modelo carga-fluxo de dipolo para calcular e interpretar as intensidades no espectro infravermelho dos fluoroclorometanos." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/249358.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Resumo: O momento dipolar molecular, suas derivadas e as intensidades fundamentais no espectro infravermelho dos fluoroclorometanos são determinados a partir de cargas e dipolos atômicos QTAIM, e de seus fluxos no nível MP2/6-311++G(3d,3p). A comparação dos momentos dipolares e das intensidades fundamentais no infravermelho calculados usando parâmetros QTAIM com aqueles obtidos diretamente a partir de cálculos MP2/6-311++G(3d,3p) mostra erros rms (root mean square) de 0,01 D e 5,6 km mol, e erros de 0,04 D e 23,1 km mol quando comparados com valores experimentais. As contribuições de carga, fluxo de carga e fluxo de dipolo são calculadas para todos os modos normais de vibração destas moléculas. Uma correlação negativa significativa (-0,92) é observada entre as contribuições de fluxo de carga e de fluxo de dipolo e indica que a transferência de carga de um lado para outro da molécula durante as vibrações é acompanhada por uma relaxação da densidade eletrônica que se polariza na direção oposta. Os modos normais de estiramento CF, CCl e CH destas moléculas mostram ter conjuntos de valores característicos de contribuições de carga, fluxo de carga e fluxo de dipolo. Embora as deformações FCF e ClCCl também possam ser diferenciadas umas das outras a partir dos tamanhos e sinais destas contribuições, algumas deformações HCH têm contribuições que são parecidas com aquelas das deformações ClCCl
Abstract: The molecular dipole moments, their derivatives and the fundamental infrared intensities of the fluorochloromethanes are determined from QTAIM atomic charges and dipoles and their fluxes at the MP2/6- 311++G(3d,3p) level. Root-mean-square (rms) errors of 0.01 D and 5.6 km mol are found for the dipole moments and fundamental infrared intensities calculated using QTAIM parameters when compared with those obtained directly from the MP2/6-311++(3d,3p) calculations and 0.04 D and 23.1 km mol when compared to the experimental values. Charge, charge flux and dipole flux contributions are calculated for all the normal vibrations of these molecules. A large negative correlation coefficient of -0.92 is calculated between the charge flux and dipole flux contributions and indicates that charge transfer from one side of the molecule to the other during vibrations is accompanied by relaxation with electron density polarization in the opposite direction. The CF, CCl and CH stretching normal modes of these molecules are shown to have characteristic sets of charge, charge flux and dipole flux contributions. Although the FCF and ClCCl deformation normal modes can also be discriminated from one another based on their sizes and signs of these contributions some HCH deformations have contributions that are similar to those for some of the ClCCl deformations
Mestrado
Físico-Química
Mestre em Química
Jean-François, Frantz. "Vers un nouveau mode d’action de peptides antimicrobiens structurés en feuillets ß : formation de domaines membranaires par la cateslytine." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13638/document.
Full textThe antimicrobial peptide Cateslytin (bCGA RSMRLSFRARGYGFR ) is a five positively charged arginin rich peptide known to inhibit the release of catecholamine in chromaffin granules. Although biological data showed that it is able to inhibit the growth of several microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast and Plasmodium falciparum parasite involved in malaria, the mechanism of action has not been yet studied. In order to better understand both targeting and selectivity of this peptide towards microorganisms, model membranes of variable compositions have been chosen to respectively mimic microorganisms or mammalian membranes. Structural studies have been performed using polarised ATR-FTIR, circular dichroïsm and high resolution NMR Membrane dynamics has been followed using deuterium labelled lipids and solid state NMR Patch clamp experiments were also performed on lipid vesicles to measure channe conductivity. All-atom molecular dynamics on hydrated peptide-lipid membrane systems was also used to assess the interaction from the atomic level. Main results from this interdisciplinary approach are three-fold. i) Electric current passages through membranes demonstrate permeation akin to pore formation. ii) Peptide-induced formation of rigid domains mainly made of negatively charged lipids is found. iii) Peptide antiparallel ß-sheets are observed preferentially with negatively charged lipids mimicking microorganism membranes. The general picture leads to the proposal that membrane destabilization/permeation is promoted by rigid domains stabilised by peptide ß-sheets
Lindberg, Albin. "Dynamisk dimensionering av hög träbyggnad med horisontalstabiliserande kärna av KL-trä och prefabricerade volymelement." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Industriellt och hållbart byggande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-67898.
Full textThe demand on high-rise buildings grows in the cities and since sustainability is an important matter in today’s society, the interest for high-rise timber buildings has grown the past years. The flexibility and weight of timber buildings makes wind-induced vibrations in serviceability limit state an issue that can be deciding for the design of the building since people can find the vibrations disturbing. In this study, a building which uses a vertically load-bearing and horizontally stabilising CLT core and is built-up with light prefabricated volume elements. The objective of this study is to produce a suitable structure and study its dynamic properties and how changes of the core’s parameters and design may change the dynamic properties of the building. The goal is to find the maximum number of floors that can be built for each alternative structure and to expand the knowledge on how the CLT core impacts the dynamic response of the building. The building is modelled by four different main structures where Structure 1 is the building’s basic and most simple model, within Structure 2 the CLT core’s wall thickness varies, within Structure 3 the CLT core’s size varies and within Structure 4 horizontally stabilising walls are added to the core. In all of the models, the volume elements are assumed not to contribute to the global horizontal stability of the building which is why they are modelled as masses. The different structures are modelled into the FEM software Robot Structural Analysis where a modal analysis is being carried out to find the building’s natural eigenfrequencies and modes of vibrations. Subsequently, the top acceleration of the wind-induced vibrations is calculated on the floor slab of the top floor by hand to be compared to comfort limits in ISO 10137. The results show that the building has low eigenfrequencies in general, which is due to the structure’s relatively high mass and low stiffness. Structure 1 can be built up to 20 floors under the conditions used in the calculations. Changes of the core’s wall thickness stiffen the building which means that Structure 2 should be able to build a couple of floors higher. Changes in the size of the core have a relatively large impact on the rigidity of the building and therefore Structure 3 can be built up to 24 floors when the core is 25 % larger in all directions. For Structure 1, 2 and 3, swaying occurs first in the y-direction, second in the x-direction and third as twist around the z-axis. For Structure 4, the rigidity is greatly influenced when stabilising walls are added to the core. However, the direction of the first and second modes of vibration can change and it should be verified that problems with twisting oscillation does not occur. If stabilising walls are added in the y-direction, x-direction and part of the façade, Structure 4 can be built up to 28 floors with a relatively good margin. As a proposal for further work, a static design should be performed to further investigate whether the structure is suitable for e.g. cross-sectional sizes and connections. It should also be examined if and how the rigidity of the volumes can be used to contribute to the global stability of the structure. As the size of the core has a major impact on the rigidity of the building, it should be investigated if a suitable floor layout can be arranged with larger or even double cores and then perform a dynamic design on the structure. As the floor layout, according to this and other studies, is considered to have great potential when building high, a comparison of different floor plans would be interesting where e.g. the external dimensions and shape of the building, as well as the placement of the CLT core and number of cores can vary.
Djeffal, Malik Abdeflam. "Bruits et vibrations des moteurs électriques asynchrones." Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES031.
Full textAmyay, Badr. "Etude détaillée et modélisation globale du spectre de vibration-rotation de 12C2H2." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209739.
Full textAu cours de ce travail, une banque de donnée a été mise sur pied, rassemblant les positions de toutes les raies de vibration-rotation connues de 12C2H2 et impliquant des niveaux de vibration jusqu’à 8900 cm-1. Nous avons alimenté cette banque de données, base du modèle global, en nous focalisant sur l’analyse de trois régions spectrales à partir de nouveaux spectres acquis via des collaborations internationales.
La première région considérée est celle de l’infrarouge lointain, les spectres étant enregistrés par le Dr A. Predoi-Cross utilisant le rayonnement synchrotron de la « Canadian Light Source ». Les niveaux de pliage à basse énergie sont impliqués, entre 0 et 3000 cm-1. Nous avons étudié en particulier la bande de différence v5-v4 située vers 117 cm-1 et les bandes chaudes associées. Un ensemble de 731 nouvelles raies ont été attribuées sur ce spectre. De nouvelles données ont été obtenues sur 12C13CH2 à cette occasion.
La seconde région qui nous a occupé est celle de la première excitation –CH, vers 3300 cm-1. Des spectres d’émission à très haute température (~1455 K) ont été enregistrés par le groupe du Prof. R. Georges à l’université de Rennes. 3811 nouvelles raies ont été attribuées sur ces spectres, les bandes chaudes observées et analysées impliquant jusqu’à 4 quanta d’excitation des modes de pliage et atteignant des niveaux de vibration jusqu’à 6000 cm-1.
La troisième région analysée est celle de la seconde excitation –CH, vers 6700 cm-1, sur base de spectres à très haute résolution enregistrés par le groupe du Dr. A. Campargue à l’université de Grenoble. L’analyse de ces spectres nous a permis d’attribuer 1825 nouvelles raies et, via les bandes chaudes, d’accéder aux niveaux de vibration excités jusqu’à 8900 cm-1.
L’ensemble de ces nouvelles raies a été ajustée simultanément avec les données de la littérature utilisant 396 paramètres effectifs dont la pertinence a été examinée. La déviation standard sans dimension est de 1.07.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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