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Journal articles on the topic 'Modèle zonal'
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Rakotomahefa, T. M. J., Feng Wang, Tengfei (Tim) Zhang, and Shugang Wang. "Zonal network solution of temperature profiles in a ventilated wall module." Journal of Building Performance Simulation 11, no. 5 (December 9, 2017): 538–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2017.1409268.
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Orellana, Diana Alejandra. "Un nuevo modelo territorial de las zonas de protección natural periurbanas en la microcuenca del río Tarqui." ESTOA 1, no. 1 (May 5, 2012): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18537/est.001.07.
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Orellana, Diana Alejandra. "A new territorial model of peri-urban areas of natural protection in the micro-watershed of the Tarqui River." Estoa 1, no. 1 (May 5, 2012): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18537/est.v001.n001.07.
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Zhu, Xun, Jeng-Hwa Yee, E. R. Talaat, M. Mlynczak, and J. M. Russell. "Diagnostic Analysis of Tidal Winds and the Eliassen–Palm Flux Divergence in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere from TIMED/SABER Temperatures." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 65, no. 12 (December 1, 2008): 3840–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jas2801.1.
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Abstract For migrating tides or fast-moving planetary waves, polarization relations derived from the linear wave equations are required to accurately derive the wind components from the temperature field. A common problem in diagnosing winds from the measured temperature is the error amplification associated with apparent singularities in the wave polarization relations. The authors have developed a spectral module that accurately derives tidal winds from the measured tidal temperature field and effectively eliminates the error amplification near the apparent singularities. The algorithm is used to perform a diagnostic analysis of tidal winds and the Eliassen–Palm (EP) flux divergence in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) based on the zonal mean and tidal temperature fields derived from 6 yr of temperature measurements made by the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument onboard the Thermosphere–Ionosphere–Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite. The derived zonal mean wind and diurnal tidal amplitude reveal new insights into the mesospheric biennial oscillation (MBO) that exists in the MLT at both equatorial and midlatitude regions. The equatorial MBO in the zonal mean wind is present in the entire mesosphere from 50 to 90 km. The equatorial MBO in the temperature amplitude of the diurnal tide occurs near the mesopause region between 80 and 90 km and is largely coincident with the downward phase propagation of the equatorial MBO in the zonal mean wind, indicating a possible mechanism of wave–mean flow interaction between the two. On the other hand, the newly discovered midlatitude MBOs in zonal mean wind and the meridional wind in diurnal tide occur at different altitudes, suggesting possibly a remote forcing–response relationship. The acceleration or deceleration of the zonal mean wind due to EP flux divergence that is contributed by the migrating tides peaks at midlatitudes with a typical value of 10–20 m s−1 day−1 around 95 km.
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Weadick, Cameron J. "Molecular Evolutionary Analysis of Nematode Zona Pellucida (ZP) Modules Reveals Disulfide-Bond Reshuffling and Standalone ZP-C Domains." Genome Biology and Evolution 12, no. 8 (May 19, 2020): 1240–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaa095.
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Abstract Zona pellucida (ZP) modules mediate extracellular protein–protein interactions and contribute to important biological processes including syngamy and cellular morphogenesis. Although some biomedically relevant ZP modules are well studied, little is known about the protein family’s broad-scale diversity and evolution. The increasing availability of sequenced genomes from “nonmodel” systems provides a valuable opportunity to address this issue and to use comparative approaches to gain new insights into ZP module biology. Here, through phylogenetic and structural exploration of ZP module diversity across the nematode phylum, I report evidence that speaks to two important aspects of ZP module biology. First, I show that ZP-C domains—which in some modules act as regulators of ZP-N domain-mediated polymerization activity, and which have never before been found in isolation—can indeed be found as standalone domains. These standalone ZP-C domain proteins originated in independent (paralogous) lineages prior to the diversification of extant nematodes, after which they evolved under strong stabilizing selection, suggesting the presence of ZP-N domain-independent functionality. Second, I provide a much-needed phylogenetic perspective on disulfide bond variability, uncovering evidence for both convergent evolution and disulfide-bond reshuffling. This result has implications for our evolutionary understanding and classification of ZP module structural diversity and highlights the usefulness of phylogenetics and diverse sampling for protein structural biology. All told, these findings set the stage for broad-scale (cross-phyla) evolutionary analysis of ZP modules and position Caenorhabditis elegans and other nematodes as important experimental systems for exploring the evolution of ZP modules and their constituent domains.
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Korniienko, S., I. Korniienko, D. Kamak, S. Kaznachey, and O. Zhyrna. "PLANNING OF THE NUMBER OF TESTS WITH ZONAL ESTIMATES OF ARMAMENT AND MILITARY EQUIPMENT." Наукові праці Державного науково-дослідного інституту випробувань і сертифікації озброєння та військової техніки, no. 4 (August 19, 2020): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37701/dndivsovt.4.2020.06.
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Today, the problem of reducing the cost of resources and time during planning and conducting tests remains relevant. This problem is especially acute in qualified testing agencies, where testing prototypes at different stages of the life cycle is the main functional task. Automation of planning processes and optimization of testing processes will significantly reduce such costs and improve the overall quality of testing.
The article considers the theoretical issues of forming quantitative plans for testing samples of armaments and military equipment (AME) in obtaining zonal estimates of stochastic parameters and characteristics. The need for zonal estimates arises to confirm the quality of the sample for a given stochastic characteristic in the range from the allowable probabilistic value to the maximum (minimum) possible.
The authors propose an approach to obtaining zonal estimates of the parameters of the armament and military equipment test sample, which theoretically meet the requirements of a given accuracy and reliability. The approach is based on the use of a flexible test plan, which is terminated when statistical confirmation of the probabilistic value not worse than specified by the developer is obtained. Ensuring the quality of evaluation is carried out by virtue of the minimum required number of repetitions of the experiment and the balance of the number of successful to the total number of experiments. It is shown that a flexible test plan can significantly reduce the total number of experiments, which will to some extent reduce the resource and time costs of testing samples of armament and military equipment.
For the practical application of the approach of obtaining zonal estimates of the AME sample quality, its formalization and algorithmics is required. It is assumed that the developed approach will be implemented in the form of a functional module as а part of the subsystem of automated planning and quality management of AME sample tests.
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Shibata, K., and M. Deushi. "Long-term variations and trends in the simulation of the middle atmosphere 1980–2004 by the chemistry-climate model of the Meteorological Research Institute." Annales Geophysicae 26, no. 5 (May 28, 2008): 1299–326. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-26-1299-2008.
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Abstract. A middle-atmosphere simulation of the past 25 years (from 1980 to 2004) has been performed with a chemistry-climate model (CCM) of the Meteorological Research Institute (MRI) under observed forcings of sea-surface temperature, greenhouse gases, halogens, volcanic aerosols, and solar irradiance variations. The dynamics module of MRI-CCM is a spectral global model truncated triangularly at a maximum wavenumber of 42 with 68 layers extending from the surface to 0.01 hPa (about 80 km), wherein the vertical spacing is 500 m from 100 to 10 hPa. The chemistry-transport module treats 51 species with 124 reactions including heterogeneous reactions. Transport of chemical species is based on a hybrid semi-Lagrangian scheme, which is a flux form in the vertical direction and an ordinary semi-Lagrangian form in the horizontal direction. The MRI-CCM used in this study reproduced a quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) of about a 20-month period for wind and ozone in the equatorial stratosphere. Multiple linear regression analysis with time lags for volcanic aerosols was performed on the zonal-mean quantities of the simulated result to separate the trend, the QBO, the El Chichón and Mount Pinatubo, the 11-year solar cycle, and the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) signals. It is found that MRI-CCM can more or less realistically reproduce observed trends of annual mean temperature and ozone, and those of total ozone in each month. MRI-CCM also reproduced the vertical multi-cell structures of tropical temperature, zonal-wind, and ozone associated with the QBO, and the mid-latitude total ozone QBO in each winter hemisphere. Solar irradiance variations of the 11-year cycle were found to affect radiation alone (not photodissociation) because of an error in making the photolysis lookup table. Nevertheless, though the heights of the maximum temperature (ozone) in the tropics are much higher (lower) than observations, MRI-CCM could reproduce the second maxima of temperature and ozone in the lower stratosphere, demonstrating that the dynamic effect outweighs the photochemical effect there. The ENSO signals of annual mean temperature, zonal wind, and ozone are generally reproduced in the troposphere and below the middle stratosphere. The volcanic signals of temperature increase and ozone decrease are much overestimated for both El Chichón and Mount Pinatubo.
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Druyan, Leonard, and Matthew Fulakeza. "Downscaling Atmosphere-Ocean Global Climate Model Precipitation Simulations over Africa Using Bias-Corrected Lateral and Lower Boundary Conditions." Atmosphere 9, no. 12 (December 12, 2018): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos9120493.
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A prequel study showed that dynamic downscaling using a regional climate model (RCM) over Africa improved the Goddard Institute for Space Studies Atmosphere-Ocean Global Climate Model (GISS AOGCM: ModelE) simulation of June–September rainfall patterns over Africa. The current study applies bias corrections to the lateral and lower boundary data from the AOGCM driving the RCM, based on the comparison of a 30-year simulation to the actual climate. The analysis examines the horizontal pattern of June–September total accumulated precipitation, the time versus latitude evolution of zonal mean West Africa (WA) precipitation (showing monsoon onset timing), and the latitude versus altitude cross-section of zonal winds over WA (showing the African Easterly Jet and the Tropical Easterly Jet). The study shows that correcting for excessively warm AOGCM Atlantic sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) improves the simulation of key features, whereas applying 30-year mean bias corrections to atmospheric variables driving the RCM at the lateral boundaries does not improve the RCM simulations. We suggest that AOGCM climate projections for Africa should benefit from downscaling by nesting an RCM that has demonstrated skill in simulating African climate, driven with bias-corrected SST.
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Ouwersloot, H. G., A. Pozzer, B. Steil, H. Tost, and J. Lelieveld. "Revision of the convective transport module CVTRANS 2.4 in the EMAC atmospheric chemistry–climate model." Geoscientific Model Development 8, no. 8 (August 5, 2015): 2435–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-2435-2015.
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Abstract. The convective transport module, CVTRANS, of the ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model has been revised to better represent the physical flows and incorporate recent findings on the properties of the convective plumes. The modifications involve (i) applying intermediate time stepping based on a settable criterion, (ii) using an analytic expression to account for the intra-time-step mixing ratio evolution below cloud base, and (iii) implementing a novel expression for the mixing ratios of atmospheric compounds at the base of an updraft. Even when averaged over a year, the predicted mixing ratios of atmospheric compounds are affected considerably by the intermediate time stepping. For example, for an exponentially decaying atmospheric tracer with a lifetime of 1 day, the zonal averages can locally differ by more than a factor of 6 and the induced root mean square deviation from the original code is, weighted by the air mass, higher than 40 % of the average mixing ratio. The other modifications result in smaller differences. However, since they do not require additional computational time, their application is also recommended.
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Ouwersloot, H. G., A. Pozzer, B. Steil, H. Tost, and J. Lelieveld. "Revision of the convective transport module CVTRANS 2.4 in the EMAC atmospheric chemistry–climate model." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 8, no. 4 (April 8, 2015): 3117–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-8-3117-2015.
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Abstract. The convective transport module, CVTRANS, of the ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model has been revised to better represent the physical flows and incorporate recent findings on the properties of the convective plumes. The modifications involve (i) applying intermediate time stepping based on a settable criterion, (ii) using an analytic expression to account for the intra time step mixing ratio evolution below cloud base, and (iii) implementing a novel expression for the mixing ratios of atmospheric compounds at the base of an updraft. Even when averaged over a year, the predicted mixing ratios of atmospheric compounds are significantly affected by the intermediate time stepping. For example, for an exponentially decaying atmospheric tracer with a lifetime of 1 day, the zonal averages can locally differ by more than a factor of 6 and the induced root mean square deviation from the original code is, weighted by the air mass, higher than 40% of the average mixing ratio. The other modifications result in smaller differences. However, since they do not require additional computational time, their application is also recommended.
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Ruiz-Llorente, Lidia, Elisa Chiapparino, Sara Plumitallo, Cesare Danesino, Pinar Bayrak-Toydemir, Fabio Pagella, Guido Manfredi, Carmelo Bernabeu, Luca Jovine, and Carla Olivieri. "Characterization of a mutation in the zona pellucida module of Endoglin that causes Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia." Gene 696 (May 2019): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2019.02.016.
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Lavrinenko, O. V., and I. A. Lavrinenko. "Zonal vegetation of the plain East European tundras." Vegetation of Russia, no. 32 (2018): 35–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2018.32.35.
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Zonal tundra vegetation occupies slightly sloped watershed surfaces, weakly convex tops and gentle slopes of moraine hills and ridges with moderate snow cover and loamy soils (plakors). Environmental conditions of such sites are most relevant to macroclimate (Aleksandrova, 1971; Matveyeva, 1998). For the East European sector of the Arctic this vegetation was described in 30–70 years of last century by the Soviet geobotanists V. D. Aleksandrova (1956), V. N. Andreyev (1932), I. D. Bogdanovskaya-Giyenef (1938), A. A. Dedov (2006), A. E. Katenin (1972), Z. N. Smirnova (1938), who, following the dominant approach, attributed the described associations mainly to the moss vegetation type. In the Asian sector of the Arctic (Yamal and Taymyr peninsulas, Arctic Yakutia, Wrangel Isl.) and in Alaska some associations of zonal communities with Carex bigelowii s. str., C. bigelowii subsp. arctisibirica and C. lugens have been described according to Braun-Blanquet approach: Carici arctisibiricae–Hylocomietum alaskani Matveyeva 1994, Dryado integrifoliae–Caricetum bigelowii Walker et al. 1994, Salici polaris–Hylocomietum alaskani Matveyeva 1998, Carici lugentis–Hylocomietum alaskani Sekretareva 1998 ex Kholod 2007, Salici polaris–Sanionietum uncinatae Kholod 2007, Tephrosero atropurpureae–Vaccinietum vitis-idaeae Telyatnikov et Pristyazhnyuk 2012, Festuco brachyphyllae–Hylocomietum alaskani Lashchinskiy ex Telyatnikov et al. 2014. Our study area in the East European tundras (730 km of south–north and 550 km of west–east directions) covers 3 tundra subzones (arctic, typical and southern) and two floristic subprovinces (Kanin-Pechora and Ural-Novaya Zemlya) (Fig. 1). 7 associations (one with 5 subassociations) based upon 101 authors’ relevés as well 95 ones by geobotanists-predecessors were described or validated on plakors and habitats close to these. Zonal communities are comprised by thick multi-species moss layer formed by mesophylous bryophytes (Aulacomnium turgidum, Hylocomium splendens, Ptilidium ciliare, Racomitrium lanuginosum and Tomentypnum nitens), the presence of Carex bigelowii subsp. arctisibirica, Deschampsia borealis or D. glauca in the herb layer, the high abundance of dwarf-shrubs, the presence, but not always, of Dryas octopetala and shrubby willows. Their plant cover is closed or discontinuous with frost-boils (3-component module of patch of bare ground – rim – trough or 2-component one of flat surface – patches of bare ground — see Fig. 2, 3). Zonal syntaxa are the richest in species number, compare to all others because the placor habitats are moderate in such important environmental characters as moisture and nutrition of soil and snow depth. That’s why they contain, with the same constancy and sometimes abundance, some character species of alliances and classes of intrazonal vegetation: Kobresio-Dryadion Nordh. 1943 (dryad fell-fields on well drained snowless or poor snowy habitats with slightly carbonated loamy-gravelly soils at outcrops of bedrock) and Carici rupestris–Kobresietea bellardii Ohba 1974, Loiseleurio-Arctostaphylion Kalliola ex Nordhagen 1943 (dwarf-shrub and dwarf-shrub-lichen (often with Betula nana) communities on sandy soils) and Loiseleurio procumbentis–Vaccinietea Eggler ex Schubert 1960, Rubo chamaemori–Dicranion elongati Lavrinenko et Lavrinenko 2015 (dwarf-shrub-cloudberry-moss (Dicranum elongatum, Polytrichum strictum)-lichen communities of oligotrophic palsa and polygon peatlands) and Oxycocco-Sphagnetea Br.-Bl. et Tx. ex Westhoff et al. 1946. The basic syntaxon, whose communities occupy the placor habitats in the arctic tundra subzone (southern variant) is Salici polaris–Polytrichetum juniperini Aleksandrova 1956, described on the Southern Island of Novaya Zemlya (Table 1). Similar syntaxa in the typical tundra subzone are Carici arctisibiricae–Hylocomietum splendentis Andreyev 1932 nom. mut. propos. hoc loco (Table 5, Fig. 14–17) and Dryado octopetalae–Hylocomietum splendentis Andreyev 1932 nom. mut. propos. hoc loco salicetosum nummulariae (Bogdanovskaya-Giyenef 1938) subass. nov. (stat. nov.), nom. corr. hoc loco, described by us and earlier by I. D. Bogdanovskaya-Giyenef (1938) and Z. N. Smirnova (1938) on the Kolguyev Isl. (Table 2, Fig. 3, 5, 6); D. o.–H. s. caricetosum redowskianae subass. nov. hoc loco and D. o.–H. s. caricetosum arctisibiricae (Koroleva et Kulyugina in Chytrý et al. 2015) subass. nov. (stat. nov.) hoc loco (Table 4, Fig. 4, 9–13) — in the most eastern part of the studied area (Vaygach Isl., Yugorskiy Peninsula and Pay-Khoy Range); D. o.–H. s. typicum subass. nov. hoc loco (Table 3), described by us with use the V. N. Andreyev (1932) relevés on Vangureymusyur Upland (Bolshezemelskaya tundra). In the southern tundra subzone the basic zonal association is Calamagrostio lapponicae–Hylocomietum splendentis ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 6, Fig. 20–22). Even small deviations from placor habitat conditions are reflected in the community species composition. In such habitats the following syntaxa are described: Deschampsio borealis–Limprichtietum revolventis Aleksandrova 1956 nom. mut. propos. hoc loco and Flavocetrario nivalis–Dryadetum octopetalae Aleksandrova 1956 nom. mut. propos. hoc loco on gentle slopes and loamy soils, not in moderate soil moisture, but in wet or, on the contrary, well-drained ecotopes on the Novaya Zemlya (Table 1); Dryado octopetalae–Hylocomietum splendentis caricetosum capillaris subass. nov. hoc loco — on the deluvial tails, in the mid and lower parts of the gentle slopes in Bolshezemelskaya and Malozemelskaya tundras (Table 4, Fig. 2, 7, 8); Oxytropido sordidae–Hylocomietum splendentis ass. nov. hoc loco — in the Pakhancheskaya Bay area (the northern part of the Bolshezemelskaya tundra) on strongly sloping well drained slopes (Table 6, Fig. 18, 19). We attributed these syntaxa to zonal vegetation due to the presence of such taxa of its differential combination as shrub Salix glauca, dwarf-shrub Salix polaris, herbs Bistorta major, Carex bigelowii subsp. arctisibirica, Deschampsia borealis, D. glauca, Eriophorum brachyantherum, Juncus biglumis, Luzula arcuata, Pedicularis lapponica, Petasites frigidus, Poa arctica, Saxifraga hieracifolia, S. hirculus, Stellaria peduncularis, Valeriana capitata, mosses Aulacomnium turgidum, Hylocomium splendens, Ptilidium ciliare, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Tomentypnum nitens and lichens Lobaria linita, Nephroma expallidum, Protopannaria pezizoides, Psoroma hypnorum. This combination of taxa differentiates (by the presence, constancy, abundance) the zonal communities in studied area from vegetation of other classes (Carici rupestris–Kobresietea bellardii, Loiseleurio procumbentis–Vaccinietea, Oxycocco-Sphagnetea) (Table 7). The borders of many species area distribution are held in the East European tundras, so the variation of the community species composition along the latitudinal and longitude gradients is quite natural. Thus, in zonal communities Ledum palustre subsp. decumbens and Salix phylicifolia occur and Betula nana as well as hypoarctic dwarf-shrubs Arctous alpina, Empetrum hermaphroditum, Vaccinium uliginosum subsp. microphyllum and V. vitis-idaea subsp. minus are most active only in the southern tundra subzone; Salix polaris (its activity increases to the north) and, in some syntaxa, Dryas octopetala are common in the subzones of typical and arctic tundras. In zonal conditions shrubs Salix glauca, Betula nana (prostrate) and all hypoarctic dwarf-shrubs occur in the typical tundra subzone on the mainland and on Kolguyev Isl., while in the northern part of this subzone on Vaygach Isl. they are already absent, except the Vaccinium spp. (with low constancy). In the arctic tundra subzone there are no shrubs and hypoarctic dwarf-shrubs on plakors, while Salix polaris is abundant. We believe that these floristic differences of zonal communities can be considered as markers of their subzonal affiliation. A similar shift in species distribution on the latitudinal gradient is established (Matveyeva, 1998) for the zonal biotopes on Taymyr Peninsula. Some species (Arctagrostis latifolia, Cerastium regelii subsp. caespitosum, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Silene acaulis) have high constancy in zonal communities within the Ural-Novaya Zemlya subprovince, as opposed to the Kanin-Pechora one. Herbs Oxyria digyna, Papaver polare, Parrya nudicaulis, Pedicularis sudetica subsp. arctoeuropaea, Saxifraga cernua and S. cespitosa occur with high constancy only in zonal communities on Novaya Zemlya that brings them closer to syntaxa described in the arctic and typical tundra subzones on Taymyr Peninsula (Matveyeva, 1994, 1998). Already in 1994, N. V. Matveyeva stated the need to describe a new class for zonal vegetation. The name Carici arctisibiricae–Hylocomietea alaskani cl. prov. has been reserved for this class in Yalta’s conference on the classification of Russian vegetation (Lavrinenko et al., 2016), Prague’s “Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Archive and Classification Workshop” (presentation by N. V. Matveyeva) and “Arctic Science Summit Week 2017” (Lavrinenko et al., 2017). We do not attribute the newly described syntaxa to alliance Dryado octopetalae–Caricion arctisibiricae Koroleva et Kulyugina in Chytrý et al. 2015, which was described at the base of 15 relevés by geobotanists-predecessors (V. N. Andreyev, A. A. Dedov) and as well the 11 ones by E. E. Kulyugina for zonal habitats in the East European tundras (Koroleva, Kulyugina, 2015). At least, it is necessary to revise this alliance, since the name of ass. Pediculari oederi–Dryadetum octopetalae (Andreev 1932) Koroleva et Kulyugina 2015 are not legitimate (nomen superfluum), ass. Salici reticulatae–Dryadetum octopetalae Koroleva et Kulyugina 2015 need to be revised and the rank of the third one (Dryado octopetalae–Caricetum arctisibiricae Koroleva et Kulyugina in Chytrý et al. 2015 was lowered by us (in this paper) to subass. Dryado octopetalae–Hylocomietum splendentis caricetosum arctisibiricae; the definitions of both vegetation and habitats are not quite appropriate to the nature reality; diagnostic species were selected randomly. The current position of this alliance within the Carici rupestris–Kobresietea bellardii is debatable, because this makes vague the syntaxonomical content and expands the syntaxonomical boundaries of class whose communities occur in the intrazonal habitats (fell-fields and dwarf-scrub graminoid stands on base-rich substrates). New higher units of zonal vegetation with sedges Carex bigelowii subsp. arctisibirica, C. bigelowii s. str. and C. lugens, and, most likely, with cotton grass Eriophorum vaginatum, need to be described in the near future, since the data for this are available from various sectors of the Arctic.
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Genchi, Sibila A., Rosa A. Fittipaldi, and María Patricia Rosell. "Repercusiones socioeconómicas y territoriales del modelo agroexportador argentino en la zona de Pigüé (Buenos Aires, Argentina) entre 1880 y 1930." Estudios Geográficos 74, no. 274 (June 30, 2013): 329–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/estgeogr.201312.
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Rodríguez, Ruben Dario Cruz, and Alexis Castillo Sauza. "Alternativa para minimizar el costo de la energía eléctrica en zonas francas de Colombia / Proposal to minimize the cost of electricity in commercial areas of Colombia." Revista EAN, no. 72 (August 1, 2013): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21158/01208160.n72.2012.570.
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RESUMENMinimizar el costo de la energía eléctrica en Zonas Francas de Colombia, es una necesidad apremiante por ser este un factor directamente relacionado con la competitividad de parques industriales que, bajo un régimen especial, promueven la entrada de nueva inversión al país. En este artículo se presenta una herramienta de optimización de la explotación de una planta de autogeneración que junto con la conexión convencional a la red eléctrica se usan como fuentes para el abastecimiento de energía de una Zona Franca. Bajo estas condiciones generales se ha valorado el beneficio de la condición hipotética de operación. Como herramienta computacional para resolver el modelo planteado usamos el Sistema General de Modelamiento Algebraico - GAMS - con la ayuda de MATLAB para agilizar el ingreso y procesamiento de datos.ABSTRACTMinimizing the cost of electricity in commercial areas of Colombia is one of the biggest needs of this economic sector covering the competitiveness of industrial parks that stimulates investment in this country. In this article, an optimization tool is described on the exploitation of a self- generation plant that together with the conventional connection to electrical networks is used as a source of energy to supply it to commercial areas. Under these general conditions, the advantage of operational hypothetic conditions has been evaluated. As a computational tool to determine this model, we apply the so- called General System of Algebra Model- GAMS- with the support of MATLAB to facilitate incomes and data processing.RESUMÉÉMinimiser le coût de l’énergie électrique dans les zones franches colombiennes est une nécessité urgente car ces zones représentent un facteur de compétitivité de l’économie locale et qui, en vertu d’un régime fiscal différent, favorisent l’entrée de nouveaux capitaux. Cet article présente un outil permettant l’optimisation de l’exploitation énergétique qui, grâce à des générateurs électriques utilisés comme sources d’approvisionnement en énergie de zone de libre-échange, améliore la connexion classique au réseau électrique. Dans ces conditions, la valeur ajoutée du bénéfice hypothétique de l’opération se trouve valorisée. L’outil de calcul informatique mis en place pour résoudre le modèle mathématique est le Système Général de Modélisation Algébrique - GAM – qui s’utilise à l’aide du MATLAB afin de simplifier la saisie et le traitement des données.RESUMOMinimizar o custo da energia elétrica em Zonas de Comércio Livre da Colômbia, é uma necessidade urgente por ser um fator diretamente relacionado com a competitividade de parques industriais que, em regime especial, promovem a entrada de novos investimentos no país. Neste artigo apresenta-se uma ferramenta para otimizar a explotação de uma planta de autogeração que junto com a ligacão convencional à rede elétrica são usadas como fontes para fornecer de energia uma Zona de Comércio Livre. O benefício da condição hipotética de operação foi valorado nestas condições gerais. Como ferramenta computacional para resolver o modelo proposto usou-se o Sistema Geral de Modelagem Algébrica - GAMS - com a ajuda de MATLAB para agilizar o ingresso e processamento de dados.
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Chareille, Samantha. "Pour une adaptation du modèle européen d’enseignement des langues étrangères en contextes latino–américains." Cadernos de Estudos Lingüísticos 46, no. 1 (August 2, 2011): 91–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/cel.v46i1.8637161.
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La mayoría de los estudios franceses que se consagran a la investigación sobre autonomía en el ámbito de las lenguas extranjeras se refiere a los países europeos pero más escasos son los que hacen referencia a América latina. Porque precisamente tuvimos que llevar a cabo investigaciones similares sobre, entre otros, la planificación lingüística del Mercado común del Cono sur y de Chile (2001), el estatuto del francés en Uruguay (1997 y 2003) y en Colombia (2002), estuvimos especialmente interesadas por el tema de la enseñanza de las lenguas en América latina y por los sistemas educativos formales de la zona. Nuestro objetivo será poner de manifiesto que algunos principios de las políticas lingüísticas educativas europeas podrían ser utilizables en los contextos latinoamericanos. Nos concentraremos en particular en el Marco europeo común de referencia para las lenguas, su Portafolio y en el modelo europeo de centro de recursos de lenguas. También se hará referencia a tales conceptos como las habilidades lingüísticas parciales y la autonomía. El marco limitado de este artículo, que no nos permite ser tan exhaustivas como lo desearíamos, comenzaremos por un rápido panorama de la situación educativa latinoamericana con un énfasis en la enseñanza de las lenguas. Luego pasaremos a la exposición de las políticas lingüísticas educativas europeas que nos interesan en el marco de este estudio para concluir sobre los centros de recursos en cuestión.
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Medina-Castellanos, Erika Alejandra, Jorge Alberto Sánchez-Espinosa, and Germán Eduardo Cely-Reyes. "Génesis y evolución de los suelos del valle del Sibundoy – Colombia–." Ciencia y Agricultura 14, no. 1 (May 7, 2017): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.19053/01228420.v14.n1.2017.6092.
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La génesis de los suelos comprende el estudio de los factores y procesos de formación de estos; es la síntesis y la explicación del porqué de los suelos y de sus características y distribución. El conocimiento de la génesis, evolución, mineralogía y estado actual de los suelos se convierte en una herramienta fundamental para el ordenamiento territorial y productivo y la conservación de zonas estratégicas. El Valle del Sibundoy, ubicado al noroccidente del departamento de Putumayo, cuenta con una extensión aproximada de 9100 ha (IGAC, 2014); en esta superficie se realizó un levantamiento de suelos a escala semidetallada, y con este se determinaron los factores que rigen su origen y se infirieron los procesos que se han dado y que han dejado marcas en el perfil del suelo. Se diseñó un sistema de muestreo en red rígida, donde se distribuyeron 402 cajuelas, cada 25 ha, aproximadamente; posteriormente, se caracterizaron 71 perfiles modales. Con los datos obtenidos en campo y los resultados del laboratorio se concluyó que los factores que rigen la geogénesis en la zona de estudio son, en primera instancia, el relieve; en segunda, el material parental, y en tercera, el clima y la acción de los organismos a través del tiempo; además, se identificaron tres tendencias específicas de evolución: andolización, paludización y gleyzación; cada uno de estos procesos específicos se corroboró con análisis micromorfológicos.
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Hanasaki, N., S. Kanae, T. Oki, K. Masuda, K. Motoya, Y. Shen, and K. Tanaka. "An integrated model for the assessment of global water resources – Part 1: Input meteorological forcing and natural hydrological cycle modules." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 4, no. 5 (October 2, 2007): 3535–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-4-3535-2007.
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Abstract. An integrated global water resources model was developed consisting of six modules: land surface hydrology, river routing, crop growth, reservoir operation, environmental flow requirement estimation, and anthropogenic water withdrawal. It simulates both natural and anthropogenic water flow globally (excluding Antarctica) on a daily basis at a spatial resolution of 1°×1° (longitude and latitude). The simulation period is 10 years, from 1986 to 1995. This first part of the two-feature report describes the input meteorological forcing and natural hydrological cycle modules of the integrated model, namely the land surface hydrology module and the river routing module. The input meteorological forcing was provided by the second Global Soil Wetness Project (GSWP2), an international land surface modeling project. Several reported shortcomings of the forcing component were improved. The land surface hydrology module was developed based on a bucket type model that simulates energy and water balance on land surfaces. Simulated runoff was compared and validated with observation-based global runoff data sets and observed streamflow records at 32 major river gauging stations around the world. Mean annual runoff agreed well with earlier studies at global, continental, and continental zonal mean scales, indicating the validity of the input meteorological data and land surface hydrology module. In individual basins, the mean bias was less than ±20% in 14 of the 32 river basins and less than ±50% in 24 of the basins. The performance was similar to the best available precedent studies with closure of energy and water. The timing of the peak in streamflow and the shape of monthly hydrographs were well simulated in most of the river basins when large lakes or reservoirs did not affect them. The results indicate that the input meteorological forcing component and the land surface hydrology module provide a framework with which to assess global water resources, with the potential application to investigate the subannual variability in water resources. GSWP2 participants are encouraged to re-run their model using this newly developed meteorological forcing input, which is in identical format to the original GSWP2 forcing input.
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Diabaté, Abidina, Jean Louis Zerbo, and Frédéric Ouattara. "Variation of the foF2 parameter during fluctuating activity: Prediction with IRI-2012 compared to measured data from Ouagadougou inosonde station during solar cycles 21 and 22." VIETNAM JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES 41, no. 1 (January 8, 2019): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7187/41/1/13549.
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In this paper, we review on diurnal variations of the foF2 ionospheric parameter predicted by the IRI-2012 model, and data from Ouagadougou ionosonde station located in the crest of the Equatorial Anomaly (Lat: 12.5°N; Long: 358.5°E, dip: 1.43°) during fluctuating geomagnetic activity conditions for the solar cycles 21 and 22. Our investigations are focused on the electrodynamic aspects, the influence of the ionospheric electric currents as well as the variations of the hourly values given by model and experimental measurements. A comparative study pointed out that the IRI-2012 model, through its URSI and CCIR subroutines, gives a good prediction of the critical frequency of the F2 layer between 0700 TL and 0000 TL. In addition, IRI -2012 tries to reproduce, as best as possible, the vertical drift E × B during minimum, decreasing phase, winter, and autumn. However, there is no effect of drift during the other seasons and solar cycle phases. A last, the model does not take into account the PRE phenomenon observed in autumn and the influence of the equatorial electrojet in this ionospheric zone.ReferencesAcharya R., Roy B., Sivaraman M.R., 2010. Dasgupta A. An empirical relation of daytime equatorial total electron content with equatorial electrojet in the Indian zone. J Atmos Terr Phys, 72(10), 774–780.Acharya R., Roy B., Sivaraman M.R.; Dasgupta A., 2011. On conformity of the EEJ based Ionospheric model to the Fountain effect and resulting improvements. J Atmos Terr Phys, 73, 779-784.Adeniyi J.O., Oladipo O.A., Radicella S.M., 2005. Variability of fof2 and comparison with iri model for an equatorial station. The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, IC/2005/085, http://www.ictp.it/~pub_off.Adeniyi1 J.O., Oladjipo O.A., Radicella S.M., 2005. Variability of foF2 and comparison with IRI model for an equatorial station. The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, IC/2005/085.Bilitza D., et al., 2014. The International Reference Ionosphere 2012-a model of international collaborationI. J. Space Weather Space Clim, 4, A07.Bilitza D., Reinisch B.W., 2008. International Reference Ionosphere 2007: Improvements and new parameters. Adv. Space Res, 42, 599–609.Farley D.T., Bonell E., Fejer B.G., Larsen M.F., 1986. The Prereversal Enhancement of the Zonal Electric Field in the Equatorial Ionosphere. J Geophys Res, 91(A12), 13,723–13,728.Faynot J.M., Villa P., 1979. F region at the magnetic equator. Ann Geophys, 35, 1–9.Fejer B.G., 1981. The equatorial ionospheric electric fields: A review. J Atmos Terr Phys, 43, 377.Fejer B.G., Farley D.T., Woodman R.F., Calderon C., 1979. Dependence of equatorial F region vertical drifts on season and solar cycle. J Geophys Res, 84, 5792.Legrand J.P., Simon P.A., 1989. Solar cycle and geomagnetic activity: A review for geophysicists. Part I. The contributions to geomagnetic activity of shock waves and of the solar wind. Ann. Geophys, 7, 565–578.Obrou K.O., 2008. Contribution à l’amélioration du modèle "International Reference Ionosphere" (IRI) pour l’ionosphère équatoriale. Thèse de doctorat Université de Cocody, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.Ouattara F., 2009. Contribution à l’étude des relations entre les deux composantes du champ magnétique solaire et l’Ionosphère Equatoriale. Thèse de Doctorat d’Etat ès Sciences, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal.Ouattara F., 2013. IRI-2007 foF2 Predictions at Ouagadougou Station during Quiet Time Periods from 1985 to 1995. Archives of Physics Research, 4, 12–18.Ouattara F., Amory-Mazaudier C., 2009. Solar–geomagnetic activity and Aa indices toward a Standard. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys, 71, 1736–1748.Ouattra F., Nanéma, 2014. Quiet Time foF2 Variation at Ouagadougou Station and Comparison with TIEGCM and IRI-2012 Predictions for 1985 and 1990. Physical Science International Journal, 4(6), 892–902.Oyekola O.S., Fagundes P.R., 2012. Equatorial F2-layer variations: Comparison between F2 peak parameters at Ouagadougou with the IRI-2007 model. Earth, Planets Space, 64, 553–566.Rishbeth H., 1971. The F-layer dynamo. Planet, Space Sci, 19, 263.Vassal J.A., 1982. The variation of the magnetic field and its relationship with the equatorial electrojet in Senegal Oriental. Annals of Geophysics, Tome French, 38.Zerbo J.L., Amory-Mazaudier C. Ouattara F., Richardson J., 2012. Solar Wind and Geomagnetism, toward a Standard Classification 1868-2009. Ann Geophys, 30, 421–426. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-30-421-2012.Zerbo J.L., Amory-Mazaudier C., Ouattara F., 2013. Geomagnetism during solar cycle 23: Characteristics. J. Adv. Res, 4(3), 265–274. Doi:10.1016/j.jare.2013.08.010.Zerbo J.L., Ouattara F., Zoundi C., Gyébré A., 2011. Solar cycle 23 and geomagnetic activity since 1868. Revue CAMES serie A, 12(2), 255–262.
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Schwoebel, E. D., C. A. Vandevoort, V. H. Lee, Y. K. Lo, and B. S. Dunbar. "Molecular Analysis of the Antigenicity and Immunogenicity of Recombinant Zona Pellucida Antigens in a Primate Model1." Biology of Reproduction 47, no. 5 (November 1, 1992): 857–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod47.5.857.
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Shkolnyy, E. P. "Normal law of distribution of wind velocity vector in polar coordinates." Ukrainian hydrometeorological journal, no. 20 (October 29, 2017): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31481/uhmj.20.2017.01.
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It is impossible to organize wind energy systems without studying of wind speed regime at the surface layer of the atmosphere within a specific area and at climatic scales. Such studies are often accompanied by approximations of probabilities of wind speed performed in the form of normal law of a system of random values presented by a zonal u and a meridional u which are components of a wind speed vector. It is suggested that, for the purposes of wind energy, display of a wind speed vector in polar coordinates (r, α) where r is a module of wind speed and α is a polar angle appears to be more preferable. The article shows a transform from a normal law of distribution of probabilities with density f(u,u) to a normal law distribution with density f(r,α) completed by means of functional transformation with elliptic dispersion in place. Based on a normal law of distribution f(r,α) and through integration with respect to corresponding variables individual distributions of probabilities f(r) and f(α) as well as conditional distributions of probabilities f(r/α) and f(α/r) were obtained in the areas of their existence. The article shows individual distributions in case of circular and elliptic dispersion of a wind speed vector. It shows that an individual distribution of a wind speed probability in case of circular dispersion and in the absence of correlated dependence turns into the Rayleigh's distribution and a conditional distribution of a polar angle degenerates in an even distribution. The cases of distributions with dispersions of a wind speed module having elliptic properties subject to availability of correlated connection between wind speed components were also studied. Calculation of probabilities of a polar angle being within different sections of the area 0≤α≤2π with set values of a wind speed module also took place. Numerical experiments proved the advantage of such modeling of distributions of wind speed vector.
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Calle, Leonardo, and Benjamin Poulter. "Ecosystem age-class dynamics and distribution in the LPJ-wsl v2.0 global ecosystem model." Geoscientific Model Development 14, no. 5 (May 10, 2021): 2575–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2575-2021.
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Abstract. Forest ecosystem processes follow classic responses with age, peaking production around canopy closure and declining thereafter. Although age dynamics might be more dominant in certain regions over others, demographic effects on net primary production (NPP) and heterotrophic respiration (Rh) are bound to exist. Yet, explicit representation of ecosystem demography is notably absent in many global ecosystem models. This is concerning because the global community relies on these models to regularly update our collective understanding of the global carbon cycle. This paper aims to present the technical developments of a computationally efficient approach for representing age-class dynamics within a global ecosystem model, the Lund–Potsdam–Jena – Wald, Schnee, Landschaft version 2.0 (LPJ-wsl v2.0) dynamic global vegetation model and to determine if explicit representation of demography influenced ecosystem stocks and fluxes at global scales or at the level of a grid cell. The modeled age classes are initially created by simulated fire and prescribed wood harvesting or abandonment of managed land, otherwise aging naturally until an additional disturbance is simulated or prescribed. In this paper, we show that the age module can capture classic demographic patterns in stem density and tree height compared to inventory data, and that simulated patterns of ecosystem function follow classic responses with age. We also present two scientific applications of the model to assess the modeled age-class distribution over time and to determine the demographic effect on ecosystem fluxes relative to climate. Simulations show that, between 1860 and 2016, zonal age distribution on Earth was driven predominately by fire, causing a 45- to 60-year difference in ages between older boreal (50–90∘ N) and younger tropical (23∘ S–23∘ N) ecosystems. Between simulation years 1860 and 2016, land-use change and land management were responsible for a decrease in zonal age by −6 years in boreal and by −21 years in both temperate (23–50∘ N) and tropical latitudes, with the anthropogenic effect on zonal age distribution increasing over time. A statistical model helped to reduce LPJ-wsl v2.0 complexity by predicting per-grid-cell annual NPP and Rh fluxes by three terms: precipitation, temperature, and age class; at global scales, R2 was between 0.95 and 0.98. As determined by the statistical model, the demographic effect on ecosystem function was often less than 0.10 kg C m−2 yr−1 but as high as 0.60 kg C m−2 yr−1 where the effect was greatest. In the eastern forests of North America, the simulated demographic effect was of similar magnitude, or greater than, the effects of climate; simulated demographic effects were similarly important in large regions of every vegetated continent. Simulated spatial datasets are provided for global ecosystem ages and the estimated coefficients for effects of precipitation, temperature and demography on ecosystem function. The discussion focuses on our finding of an increasing role of demography in the global carbon cycle, the effect of demography on relaxation times (resilience) following a disturbance event and its implications at global scales, and a finding of a 40 Pg C increase in biomass turnover when including age dynamics at global scales. Whereas time is the only mechanism that increases ecosystem age, any additional disturbance not explicitly modeled will decrease age. The LPJ-wsl v2.0 age module represents another step forward towards understanding the role of demography in global ecosystems.
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Putri, Rahmi Eka. "Rancang Bangun Sistem Deteksi Kecepatan Kendaraan di Wilayah Zona Selamat Sekolah (ZoSS) Berbasis Mini PC." JITCE (Journal of Information Technology and Computer Engineering) 5, no. 01 (March 31, 2021): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jitce.5.01.41-51.2021.
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This study aims to create a system to detect vehicle speed in the School Safe Zone area using Mini PC based with Computer Vision technology and Image Processing techniques. This research, was hoped for the drivers will more discipline in driving, so can create safe and comfortable traffic in the School Safe Zone area. This system was made using a camera module to take video of the track, Raspberry Pi was used as the main device for detection and speed calculation. Every vehicle which crossed the zone would be detected and tracked to follow every vehicle movement, then was conducted a process of saving the center point of the vehicle object based on the initial detection line. Finally, calculated the vehicle speed based on the distance and time the vehicle moved on the frame which was set based on the detection line. The results of the vehicle speed would be displayed on the LCD and the output was in the form of a sound from the speaker as a warning for drivers whose vehicle speed exceeds 25 km / hour. Based on results of this research, the system was capable for work well in detecting and getting the speed results of passing vehicles. However, for direct implementation the devices in this system are inadequate for video processing, so that the response time and accuracy level was obtained by the system did not match for actual conditions.
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Schaeffer, Céline, Sara Santambrogio, Simone Perucca, Giorgio Casari, and Luca Rampoldi. "Analysis of Uromodulin Polymerization Provides New Insights into the Mechanisms Regulating ZP Domain-mediated Protein Assembly." Molecular Biology of the Cell 20, no. 2 (January 15, 2009): 589–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e08-08-0876.
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Uromodulin is the most abundant protein secreted in urine, in which it is found as a high-molecular-weight polymer. Polymerization occurs via its zona pellucida (ZP) domain, a conserved module shared by many extracellular eukaryotic proteins that are able to assemble into matrices. In this work, we identified two motifs in uromodulin, mapping in the linker region of the ZP domain and in between protein cleavage and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchoring sites, which regulate its polymerization. Indeed, mutations in either module led to premature intracellular polymerization of a soluble uromodulin isoform, demonstrating the inhibitory role of these motifs for ZP domain-mediated protein assembly. Proteolytic cleavage separating the external motif from the mature monomer is necessary to release the inhibitory function and allow protein polymerization. Moreover, we report absent or abnormal assembly into filaments of GPI-anchored uromodulin mutated in either the internal or the external motif. This effect is due to altered processing on the plasma membrane, demonstrating that the presence of the two modules has not only an inhibitory function but also can positively regulate protein polymerization. Our data expand previous knowledge on the control of ZP domain function and suggest a common mechanism regulating polymerization of ZP domain proteins.
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Soto Molina, Victor Hugo, and Hugo Delgado Granados. "Estimación de la temperatura del aire en la alta montaña mexicana mediante un modelo de elevación del terreno: caso del volcán Nevado de Toluca (México) / Estimation of the air temperature in the Mexican high mountain environment by means of a model of elevation of the terrain, case of the Nevado de Toluca volcano (Mexico)." Ería 2, no. 2 (July 19, 2020): 167–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17811/er.2.2020.167-182.
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La carencia de estaciones climatológicas por encima de 3.500 metros sobre el nivel del mar (msnm) en México condiciona que los estudios sobre ecosistemas de alta montaña sean realizados con datos de estaciones cercanas, pero sin considerar la diferencia altitudinal de la temperatura debida al relieve y al gradiente vertical. Por tal razón, se realiza un modelo mensual y anual de la distribución espacial de la temperatura del aire en superficie para el volcán Nevado de Toluca (4.680 msnm) y zonas adyacentes, mediante el uso de un Modelo Digital de Elevaciones y el Gradiente Vertical de la Temperatura Troposférica. Este último se ha obtenido a partir de los valores medios de los elementos meteorológicos de cada una de las estaciones situadas alrededor del edificio volcánico y a diferente altitud entre sí. La precisión del modelo ha sido comprobada mediante las observaciones registradas en una estación climatológica instalada al noroeste de la cima del estratovolcán a 4.283 msnm. En el mapa ráster resultante con resolución espacial de 15 metros por pixel se aprecia que los valores estimados son estadísticamente semejantes a aquellos observados in situ. Los resultados en el modelo muestran un aceptable grado de exactitud, y éste puede implementarse fácilmente en cualquier zona a cualquier escala temporal, donde la falta de estaciones climatológicas limite o impida el análisis de la relación de la temperatura con los ecosistemas de alta montaña.L'absence de stations climatologiques au Mexique à plus de 3 500 mètres d'altitude conditionne la réalisation d'études sur les écosystèmes de haute montagne à partir de données provenant de stations à proximité, sans tenir compte de la différence d'altitude en température due au relief et le gradient vertical de celui-ci. Cela a conduit à l'élaboration de ce travail où une modélisation mensuelle et annuelle de la distribution spatiale de la température de l'air au niveau de la surface pour le volcan Nevado de Toluca (4 680 mètres d'altitude) et les zones adjacentes a été réalisée à l'aide d'un modèle altimétrique numérique et du gradient vertical de la température troposphérique; ces derniers ont été obtenus à partir des normales climatiques de chacune des stations situées autour du bâtiment volcanique et à différentes altitudes. La précision du modèle a été vérifiée par des observations enregistrées dans une station météorologique installée au nord-ouest du sommet de la montagne à 4 283 mètres d'altitude. Dans la carte raster résultante avec une résolution spatiale de 15 mètres par pixel, il a été constaté que les valeurs estimées sont statistiquement similaires à celles observées in situ. Les résultats du modèle montrent un degré de précision acceptable, ce qui peut être facilement mis en œuvre dans n'importe quelle zone et à n'importe quelle échelle de temps, lorsque le manque de stations climatologiques limite ou empêche l'analyse de la relation entre la température et les écosystèmes de haute montagne.The lack of climatological stations above 3,500 meters above sea level (m asl) in Mexico, conditions that the studies on high mountain ecosystems are made with data from nearby stations, but without considering the altitudinal difference of the temperature due to the relief and the vertical gradient of it. This led to the elaboration of this work where a monthly and annual modeling of the spatial distribution of air temperature at the surface level for the Nevado de Toluca volcano (4,680 m asl) and adjacent areas was carried out using a Digital Elevation Model and the Vertical Gradient of the Tropospheric Temperature. The latter having been obtained based on the climatic normals of each of the stations located around the volcanic mountain and at different altitudes. The accuracy of the model has been verified by observations recorded in a weather station installed northwest of the mountain top at 4,283 meters above sea level. In the resulting raster map with spatial resolution of 15 meters per pixel, it was found that the estimated values are statistically similar to those observed in situ. The results in the model show an acceptable degree of accuracy, and this can be easily implemented in any area at any time scale, where the lack of climatological stations limits the analysis of the relationship of air temperature with high mountain ecosystems.
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Fajardo Rojas, Alexandra Estefania. "Variabilidad climática y disponibilidad hídrica en los valles de Ubaté, Chiquinquira y Alto Chicamocha, Colombia." Acta Agronómica 68, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 182–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/acag.v68n3.69082.
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En este estudio se analiza la variabilidad climática de dos regiones de importancia agropecuaria en los departamentos de Boyacá y Cundinamarca (Colombia). Se identifican comportamientos modales de variables climáticas de interés agropecuario, así mismo, se realiza el análisis intra-anual de eventos extremos y se identifican áreas con deficiencias y excesos hídricos a través de un balance hidroclimático. Además, se identifican zonas con mayor frecuencia de condiciones de deficiencias y excesos hídricos en el suelo a escala mensual por medio del Índice de Severidad de Sequía de Palmer (PSDI). Los resultados indican que ambas zonas de estudio no muestran grandes diferencias climáticas entre sí, sin embargo, es importante realizar el estudio por separado con la intención de proporcionar información local de utilidad para los productores. Saboyá en el Valle de Ubaté y Chiquinquirá y Sotaquirá en el Alto Chicamocha son altamente afectados por eventos tanto de deficiencia como exceso hídrico. El evento El Niño 1997 tuvo un impacto más fuerte en el área del Valle de Ubaté y Chiquinquirá, mientras que en el Alto Chicamocha se registró la mayor reducción de la precipitación en 1992, lo que coincidió con un evento El Niño. En cuanto a excesos hídricos, 2011 registró aumentos superiores a 50% en la precipitación en las regiones del estudio, este comportamiento responde al evento La Niña registrado ese año.
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Haussaire, J. M., and M. Bocquet. "A low-order coupled chemistry meteorology model for testing online and offline data assimilation schemes: L95-GRS (v1.0)." Geoscientific Model Development 9, no. 1 (January 29, 2016): 393–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-393-2016.
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Abstract. Bocquet and Sakov (2013) introduced a low-order model based on the coupling of the chaotic Lorenz-95 (L95) model, which simulates winds along a mid-latitude circle, with the transport of a tracer species advected by this zonal wind field. This model, named L95-T, can serve as a playground for testing data assimilation schemes with an online model. Here, the tracer part of the model is extended to a reduced photochemistry module. This coupled chemistry meteorology model (CCMM), the L95-GRS (generic reaction set) model, mimics continental and transcontinental transport and the photochemistry of ozone, volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides. Its numerical implementation is described. The model is shown to reproduce the major physical and chemical processes being considered. L95-T and L95-GRS are specifically designed and useful for testing advanced data assimilation schemes, such as the iterative ensemble Kalman smoother (IEnKS), which combines the best of ensemble and variational methods. These models provide useful insights prior to the implementation of data assimilation methods into larger models. We illustrate their use with data assimilation schemes on preliminary yet instructive numerical experiments. In particular, online and offline data assimilation strategies can be conveniently tested and discussed with this low-order CCMM. The impact of observed chemical species concentrations on the wind field estimate can be quantitatively assessed. The impacts of the wind chaotic dynamics and of the chemical species non-chaotic but highly nonlinear dynamics on the data assimilation strategies are illustrated.
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Haussaire, J. M., and M. Bocquet. "A low-order coupled chemistry meteorology model for testing online and offline data assimilation schemes." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 8, no. 8 (August 28, 2015): 7347–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-8-7347-2015.
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Abstract. Bocquet and Sakov (2013) have introduced a low-order model based on the coupling of the chaotic Lorenz-95 model which simulates winds along a mid-latitude circle, with the transport of a tracer species advected by this zonal wind field. This model, named L95-T, can serve as a playground for testing data assimilation schemes with an online model. Here, the tracer part of the model is extended to a reduced photochemistry module. This coupled chemistry meteorology model (CCMM), the L95-GRS model, mimics continental and transcontinental transport and the photochemistry of ozone, volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides. Its numerical implementation is described. The model is shown to reproduce the major physical and chemical processes being considered. L95-T and L95-GRS are specifically designed and useful for testing advanced data assimilation schemes, such as the iterative ensemble Kalman smoother (IEnKS) which combines the best of ensemble and variational methods. These models provide useful insights prior to the implementation of data assimilation methods on larger models. We illustrate their use with data assimilation schemes on preliminary, yet instructive numerical experiments. In particular, online and offline data assimilation strategies can be conveniently tested and discussed with this low-order CCMM. The impact of observed chemical species concentrations on the wind field can be quantitatively estimated. The impacts of the wind chaotic dynamics and of the chemical species non-chaotic but highly nonlinear dynamics on the data assimilation strategies are illustrated.
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Marosz, Michał. "Variability of geostrophic airflow over Poland, 1951-2014." Bulletin of Geography. Physical Geography Series 10, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bgeo-2016-0001.
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Abstract The paper presents the analysis of the anemological conditions variability over Poland with the usage of geostrophic wind vector as an objective (and homogenous) information concerning the airflow over the area of research. The geostrophic wind vector components are calculated using SLP and air temperature (at sigma 995 level) at selected gridpoints which were subsequently interpolated to a central point thus describing the average flow over the research area. The data originated from NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis and its temporal range was 1951-2014. The analysis covers statistical characteristics of the overall annual cycle as well as trend analysis of the airflow features over Poland: geostrophic wind vector module (V), and its zonal (u) and meridional (v) components. Aside from general statistical characteristics for averages and extremes (quantiles 10% and 90%) GEV distribution was fitted to maximum annual/monthly geostrophic wind speed values which allowed the estimation of return levels for selected return periods. For the period 1951-2014 average geostrophic wind velocity over Poland equals 7.4 ms−1 and the 99% quantile exceeds 21 ms−1. Maximum speed ever recorded equalled 37.6 ms−1. Geostrophic wind vector module (V) and its components (u, v) exhibit clear annual cycle with the highest V values in winter. Positive (westerly) u values dominate in the colder part of the year. In spring the dominance of eastern advection appears and in summer the prevalence of westerly flow is only minimal. There exists a distinctive variability of decadal directional structure and this is clearly visible in the substantial increase in the share of western sector frequencies in 1981-1990 and following decade. Monthly V averages do not exhibit (except October) statistically significant trends whereas in spring and summer months as well as for annual averages of u component trend is significant. There are virtually no significant changes in the v values. GEV analysis allowed the year to be divided into two parts. Warm one with relatively low return levels – for many months not exceeding 20 ms−1 even for 50y return period. On the other hand winter months return level values exceed 30 ms−1 even for relatively short return periods (20y) with upper estimates for 100y return period closing to 40 ms−1.
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Basualto, Silvia, Javier del Valle, María Victoria Gil, Ricardo Figueroa, Oscar Parra, Antonio González, and Alejandra Stehr. "Modelos de gestión, conflictos y mediación en cuencas hidrográficas: los casos de España y Brasil y su aplicabilidad a Chile." Aqua-LAC 11, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.29104/phi-aqualac/2019-v11-1-05.
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Se analizan los modelos de gestión del agua y la utilidad de la mediación ambiental en los casos de conflictividad sobre los recursos hídricos de España y Brasil y su aplicabilidad a Chile. Se parte de la experiencia de España, que establece las cuencas hidrográficas como las bases territoriales de la administración. En España, se crean en 1926 por Real Decreto las Confederaciones Sindicales Hidrográficas, instituciones adscritas al Ministerio de Fomento para “el aprovechamiento intensivo, máximo de los recursos hidráulicos de las cuencas de nuestros grandes ríos”, que establece las cuencas hidrográficas como las bases territoriales de la administración. La trasposición de la Directiva Marco del Agua conservó la Demarcación Hidrográfica como base territorial de gestión, incorporando la participación social activa e integra de los implicados como principio crucial para la gestión sostenible. Brasil y Chile están entre los 14 países del mundo con más disponibilidad de agua. Sin embargo, ambos tienen problemas de escasez relativa. En Chile la gestión responde a la demanda, y las zonas de mayor oferta de recursos hídricos no coinciden con las áreas de mayor población y actividad económica. Ambos países muestran enfoques de gestión diferentes, siendo el brasileño más afín al europeo al definir la cuenca hidrográfica como unidad de gestión. Los principales resultados obtenidos son: 1. El agua es vital, pero su compleja gestión suele desembocar en conflictos socioambientales y económicos entre diferentes actores; 2. Posibilitar procesos participativos eficientes requiere estrategias que incentiven el interés en la información y compromiso de los implicados en la búsqueda de la mejor resolución de los conflictos. 3. Se propone la Mediación Ambiental como una estrategia adecuada para la resolución de conflictos en torno al agua.
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Burgers, Gerrit, and Geert Jan van Oldenborgh. "On the Impact of Local Feedbacks in the Central Pacific on the ENSO Cycle." Journal of Climate 16, no. 14 (July 15, 2003): 2396–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2766.1.
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Abstract While sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the eastern equatorial Pacific are dominated by the thermocline feedback, in the central equatorial Pacific local wind effects, such as zonal advection, are important as well. El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) simulations with a linear model improve markedly if these effects are included as a local wind stress feedback on SST. An atmosphere model that reacts both to eastern and central Pacific SST anomalies is needed for producing a realistic ENSO cycle. First, simulations are studied of a linear 1.5-layer reduced-gravity ocean model and a linear SST anomaly equation, forced by observed monthly wind stress. If only the thermocline feedback is present in the SST equation, SST can be simulated well in the eastern Pacific, but, contrary to observations, central Pacific SST is out of phase with the eastern Pacific. If a wind stress feedback is added in the SST equation, as a term proportional to the zonal wind stress, correlations between observed and simulated SST are above 0.8 in both the central and eastern Pacific, and the correlation between the Niño-3 (5°S–5°N, 90°–150°W) and Niño-4 (5°S–5°N, 150°W–160°E) indexes is close to the observed value of 0.75. Next, a statistical atmosphere is added to the ocean module that is based on a regression of observed wind stress to the observed Niño-3 and Niño-4 indexes. The coupled system is driven by noise that is inferred from the residues of the fit and has a red component. The observed Niño-3–Niño-4 index correlation can be reproduced only with a wind stress feedback in the central Pacific. Also, the level of SST variability rises and the ENSO period increases to more realistic values. The interplay between the local wind stress and the thermocline feedbacks, therefore, is an important factor in the structure of ENSO in the coupled linear model. In the eastern Pacific, the thermocline feedback dominates SST anomalies; in the central Pacific, the local wind stress feedback. Due to the local wind stress feedback, the ENSO wind stress response excites SST anomalies in the central Pacific, extending the ENSO SST anomaly pattern well into the central Pacific. In turn, these central Pacific SST anomalies give rise to wind stress anomalies that are situated more westward than the response to eastern Pacific SST anomalies. As a result, the ENSO amplitude is enhanced and the ENSO period increased. Also, central Pacific SST anomalies are not completely determined by eastern Pacific SST anomalies and they persist longer.
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Barrios, Patricia. "Los efectos de la red vial en el comportamiento de viaje de las personas." Revista Arquitectura + 6, no. 11 (June 22, 2021): 2–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/arquitectura.v6i11.11722.
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Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo explicar la influencia de los aspectos de la red vial como la conectividad y las características físicas de las calles en el comportamiento de viaje de los residentes de los barrios de la Carretera Masaya en Managua, Nicaragua. La metodología implementada fue mixta, recopilando datos cualitativos y cuantitativos. Se entregaron cuestionarios a los residentes de la zona que fueron analizados estadísticamente, se realizaron entrevistas semi estructuradas con expertos urbanos y se realizaron análisis geográficos con mapas, estos fueron los principales métodos de análisis aplicados. Los resultados del análisis inferencial mostraron una relación significativa entre la conectividad y las características físicas de la calle, con las elecciones modales que hicieron los residentes. Sin embargo, al comparar las cuatro áreas de estudio, el lugar de residencia marcó una diferencia en el comportamiento de viaje de las personas.
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Bakhsh, A., and R. S. Kanwar. "Soil and landscape attributes interpret subsurface drainage clusters." Soil Research 46, no. 8 (2008): 735. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr08065.
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Water in excess of evapotranspiration follows topographically defined flow paths and can affect spatial subsurface drainage patterns. This 1993–2003 field study was conducted near Nashua, Iowa, to delineate the subsurface drainage clusters and identify the landscape and hydrologic variables that contributed significantly in discriminating these clusters. A digital elevation model was developed using 6695 elevation data measurements collected with GPS navigation system across 36 field plots (0.4 ha in size each). A spherical model was used to interpolate the elevation data within a Spatial Analyst tool of ArcGIS software. Plot-scale average topographic attributes of elevation, slope, aspect, and curvature were derived using the Zonal function in the Spatial Analyst tool. Hydrologic attributes of flow direction, flow length, and flow accumulation were derived using the Hydrology module of Spatial Analyst tool after performing Fill function for the sink areas. Annual normalised subsurface drainage data and plot-scale derived soil and topographic attributes were used in the cluster and discriminant analysis, respectively, to investigate their relationships. Stepwise discriminant analysis identified elevation and flow accumulation as the variables that discriminated the subsurface drainage clusters of low, medium, and high categories significantly (P = 0.01). The role of elevation and flow accumulation was verified using discriminant functions that predicted all members of the high drainage cluster accurately with zero error rates. GIS data layer of subsurface drainage clusters also showed that high drainage clusters were located at the lower elevation levels and were in close agreement with the elevation and flow accumulation data layers. The results of this study indicate that elevation and flow accumulation GIS data layers can be used as a guideline to minimise nutrient losses through subsurface drainage water.
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Francke Campaña, Samuel, Nelson Vergara Rodríguez, and Ronaldo Bennewitz B. "Evaluación preliminar de las principales series y fases de suelo en relación al índice de sitio de plantaciones de Pinus radiata D. Don de la X Región." Ciencia & Investigación Forestal 2, no. 2 (June 27, 1988): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.52904/0718-4646.1988.44.
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En el área de mayor concentración de plantaciones de Pinus radiata D.Don de la Región de Los Lagos, se estudió mediante una interpretación de antecedentes edáficos provenientes de bibliografía y cartografía preexistente, la relación entre índice de sitio y variables edáficas. En relación al índice de sitio, al área pudo clasificarse en tres calidades: sitios de baja calidad, representados por la Serie Hueicolla (23,4 m a los 20 años de edad); sitios de calidad intermedia (27,2 m a los 20 años de edad), representados por la Serie Ulmos y Asociación Tres Cruces; sitios de buena calidad, representados por la Serie de suelo Correltué (28,7 m a los 20 años de edad. La interpretación de los perfiles modales de las Series de Suelo en relación al valor del índice de sitio, reveló que la pendiente, profundidad efectiva del suelo, textura, nitrógeno y pH, parecen ser las variables más relacionadas con la magnitud que puede alcanzar el índice de sitio en esta zona del país.
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Macie, Aniceto Elcidio Alves, and Apolinário Joaquim Malauene. "GESTÃO DOS RECURSOS COSTEIROS: UMA ANALISE DA PARTICIPAÇÃO LOCAL NA ZONA COSTEIRA DA PRAIA DE BILENE, PROVINCIA DE GAZA – MOÇAMBIQUE." GEOgraphia 21, no. 47 (February 22, 2020): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/geographia2019.v21i47.a28645.
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Resumo: Este estudo analisa as principais formas da participação das comunidades locais da Praia de Bilene na gestão dos recursos costeiros. No trabalho são apresentados aspetos gerais da gestão dos recursos costeiros, os principais problemas socioambientais e o estado de conservação dos ecossistemas costeiros da Praia de Bilene. O aporte metodológico se debruça pela análise de fontes documentais, bibliográficas e de trabalho de campo relacionadas à área de estudo. Assim, concluiu-se que a maioria da população local amostrada (64%) não participa na gestão dos recursos costeiros da Praia de Bilene devido à inexistência de estratégias de gestão costeira integrada que prevelegiam modelos de gestão participativa e inclusiva dos recursos naturais. Nesta zona costeira existe uma forte pressão na destruição dos recursos costeiros impulsionada pelas atividades de natureza antrópica embora haja fiscalização dos profissionais da Administração Marítima. Os resultados sugerem que as zonas costeiras necessitam de ações integradas, participativas e inclusivas para a gestão dos recursos costeiros locais a fim de minimizar os problemas sócioambientais existentes e maximizar os benefícios que os atrativos naturais trazem para as comunidades locais.Palavras-chave: Gestão dos Recursos Costeiros, Problemas socioambientais, Participação Local, Zona costeira da Praia de Bilene. Management of coastal resources: an analysis of local participation in the coastal zone of Bilene Beach, Gaza province - MozambiqueAbstract: This study analyzes the main forms of participation of the local communities on Bilene Beach in the management of coastal resources. The present work presents general aspects of the management of the coastal resources, the main socioenvironmental problems and the state of conservation in coastal ecosystems of the Beach of Bilene. The methodological contribution is based on the analysis of documentary, bibliographic and fieldwork sources related to the study area. Thus, it was concluded that the majority of the sampled local population (64%) does not participate in the management of the coastal resources of the Bilene Beach due to the inexistence of integrated coastal management strategies that provide models of participatory and inclusive management of natural resources. In this coastal zone there is a strong pressure on the destruction of the coastal resources driven by activities of anthropic nature, although there is inspection of the professionals of the Maritime Administration. The results suggest that coastal zones need integrated, participatory and inclusive actions for the management of local coastal resources in order to minimize existing socio-environmental problems and maximize the benefits that natural attractions bring to local communities.Keywords: Management of Coastal Resources, Socio-environmental problems, Local participation, Coastal zone of Bilene beach. MANAGEMENT OF COASTAL RESOURCES: AN ANALYSIS OF LOCAL PARTICIPATION IN THE COASTAL ZONE OF BILENE BEACH, GAZA PROVINCE - MOZAMBIQUERésumé: Cette étude analyse les principales formes de participation des communautés locales de Praia de Bilene à la gestion des ressources côtières. Le travail présente les aspects généraux de la gestion des ressources côtières, les principaux problèmes socio-environnementaux et l’état de conservation des écosystèmes côtiers de Praia de Bilene. La contribution méthodologique se concentre sur l’analyse à partir de sources documentaires, bibliographiques et sur le terrain liées à la zone d’étude. Ainsi, il a été conclu que la majorité de la population locale échantillonnée (64%) ne participe pas à la gestion des les ressources côtières de la plage de Bilene en raison du manque de stratégies de gestion côtière intégrées qui prévalent des modèles de gestion participative et inclusive des ressources naturelles. Dans ce zone côtière il y a une forte pression sur la destruction des ressources côtières entraînée par des activités de nature anthropique bien qu’il y ait une inspection par des professionnels de l’administration Maritime. Les résultats suggèrent que les zones côtières ont besoin d’actions intégrées, participatives et inclusives pour la gestion des ressources côtières locales afin de minimiser les problèmes socio-environnementaux existants et maximiser les avantages que les attractions naturelles apportent aux communautés locales.Mots-clés: Gestion des ressources côtières, Problèmes socio-environnementaux, Participation locale, Zone côtière de Bilene Beach.
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Bokhove, Marcel, Kaoru Nishimura, Martina Brunati, Ling Han, Daniele de Sanctis, Luca Rampoldi, and Luca Jovine. "A structured interdomain linker directs self-polymerization of human uromodulin." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 6 (January 25, 2016): 1552–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1519803113.
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Uromodulin (UMOD)/Tamm–Horsfall protein, the most abundant human urinary protein, plays a key role in chronic kidney diseases and is a promising therapeutic target for hypertension. Via its bipartite zona pellucida module (ZP-N/ZP-C), UMOD forms extracellular filaments that regulate kidney electrolyte balance and innate immunity, as well as protect against renal stones. Moreover, salt-dependent aggregation of UMOD filaments in the urine generates a soluble molecular net that captures uropathogenic bacteria and facilitates their clearance. Despite the functional importance of its homopolymers, no structural information is available on UMOD and how it self-assembles into filaments. Here, we report the crystal structures of polymerization regions of human UMOD and mouse ZP2, an essential sperm receptor protein that is structurally related to UMOD but forms heteropolymers. The structure of UMOD reveals that an extensive hydrophobic interface mediates ZP-N domain homodimerization. This arrangement is required for filament formation and is directed by an ordered ZP-N/ZP-C linker that is not observed in ZP2 but is conserved in the sequence of deafness/Crohn’s disease-associated homopolymeric glycoproteins α-tectorin (TECTA) and glycoprotein 2 (GP2). Our data provide an example of how interdomain linker plasticity can modulate the function of structurally similar multidomain proteins. Moreover, the architecture of UMOD rationalizes numerous pathogenic mutations in both UMOD and TECTA genes.
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Cardone, Rosa A., Antonia Bellizzi, Giovanni Busco, Edward J. Weinman, Maria E. Dell'Aquila, Valeria Casavola, Amalia Azzariti, Anita Mangia, Angelo Paradiso, and Stephan J. Reshkin. "The NHERF1 PDZ2 Domain Regulates PKA–RhoA–p38-mediated NHE1 Activation and Invasion in Breast Tumor Cells." Molecular Biology of the Cell 18, no. 5 (May 2007): 1768–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e06-07-0617.
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Understanding the signal transduction systems governing invasion is fundamental for the design of therapeutic strategies against metastasis. Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor (NHERF1) is a postsynaptic density 95/disc-large/zona occludens (PDZ) domain-containing protein that recruits membrane receptors/transporters and cytoplasmic signaling proteins into functional complexes. NHERF1 expression is altered in breast cancer, but its effective role in mammary carcinogenesis remains undefined. We report here that NHERF1 overexpression in human breast tumor biopsies is associated with metastatic progression, poor prognosis, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α expression. In cultured tumor cells, hypoxia and serum deprivation increase NHERF1 expression, promote the formation of leading-edge pseudopodia, and redistribute NHERF1 to these pseudopodia. This pseudopodial localization of NHERF1 was verified in breast biopsies and in three-dimensional Matrigel culture. Furthermore, serum deprivation and hypoxia stimulate the Na+/H+ exchanger, invasion, and activate a protein kinase A (PKA)-gated RhoA/p38 invasion signal module. Significantly, NHERF1 overexpression was sufficient to induce these morphological and functional changes, and it potentiated their induction by serum deprivation. Functional experiments with truncated and binding groove-mutated PDZ domain constructs demonstrated that NHERF1 regulates these processes through its PDZ2 domain. We conclude that NHERF1 overexpression enhances the invasive phenotype in breast cancer cells, both alone and in synergy with exposure to the tumor microenvironment, via the coordination of PKA-gated RhoA/p38 signaling.
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Hoffmann, Werner. "Trefoil Factor Family (TFF) Peptides." Encyclopedia 1, no. 3 (September 16, 2021): 974–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia1030074.
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Trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides mainly consist of characteristic TFF domains, which contain about 40 amino acid residues, including 6 conserved cysteine residues. TFF peptides possess a single (mammalian TFF1 and TFF3), two (mammalian TFF2, Xenopus laevis xP2) or four TFF domains (X. laevis xP4). They exhibit lectin activities and are characteristic exocrine products of the mucous epithelia. Here, they play different roles for mucosal protection and the innate immune defense: TFF1 is a gastric tumor suppressor; TFF2 builds a lectin complex with the mucin MUC6, physically stabilizing the inner gastric mucus layer; and TFF3 forms a disulfide-linked heterodimer with IgG Fc binding protein (FCGBP), probably preventing the infiltration of microorganisms. Minor amounts of TFF peptides are endocrine products of the immune and nervous systems. Pathologically, TFF peptides are linked to inflammation. There are increasing indications that TFF peptides can antagonize cytokine receptors, such as receptors for IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα (thereby acting as anti-inflammatory peptides). TFF peptides can probably also activate a variety of receptors, such as CXCR4. The TFF domain is a unique shuffled module which is also present in a number of mosaic proteins, such as zona pellucida proteins, sugar degrading enzymes and frog skin mucins. Here, their function seems to be defined by a lectin activity, which might even allow a role in fertilization.
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Hernández Barrios, Hugo, Iván Huergo Ríos, and Carlos Arce León. "PRUEBAS DE VIBRACIÓN AMBIENTAL EN UN EDIFICIO DURANTE SU PROCESO DE REFORZAMIENTO." Revista de Ingeniería Sísmica, no. 105 (June 30, 2021): 84–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.18867/ris.105.506.
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En este trabajo se muestran los resultados de tres pruebas de vibración ambiental realizadas en un edificio ubicado en la zona de transición de la Ciudad de México durante tres diferentes etapas de su reforzamiento estructural. La primera y segunda prueba se realizaron el 05 de noviembre del 2016 y el 24 de junio de 2017, respectivamente. La tercera prueba se realizó el 28 de septiembre de 2017, pocos días después de que se presentaron los sismos del 07 y del 19 de septiembre. Se realizaron tres modelos numéricos con las propiedades estructurales que tenía el edificio durante su proceso constructivo en el momento de la realización de cada una de las pruebas, con ello se determinaron los periodos de vibrar y las formas modales durante las tres etapas mencionadas. Los periodos de vibrar obtenidos durante las pruebas experimentales muestran similitud con los obtenidos en forma analítica; el amortiguamiento promedio del edificio resultó ser del 6%. Se concluye que los eventos sísmicos de septiembre de 2017 pudieron ocasionar una ligera degradación de la rigidez durante la etapa de reforzamiento.
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Eder, James F. "Environmental reconfi gurations and livelihood transformations in rural Southeast Asia." Regions and Cohesion 1, no. 3 (December 1, 2011): 145–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/reco.2011.010307.
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Degradation and reconfiguration of natural resources in coastal and upland Southeast Asia have set in motion a characteristic process of rural livelihood diversification with significant implications for gender roles and economic well-being. Drawing primarily on case material from the Philippines, this paper explores the transformations in household economies that have accompanied the search for more profitable and sustainable livelihoods and suggests how state and NGO interventions might encourage an entrepreneurial and economically desirable pattern of household-level diversification instead of a debilitating and wage-labor based pattern of individual-level diversification. These interventions include an expanded role for credit; skills training and related forms of support, particularly for women; protection of newly developing household enterprises from competition from large commercial operations; and more consensual and socially equitable forms of environmental governance.Spanish La degradación y la reconfiguración de los recursos naturales en zonas costeras y tierras altas del sudeste asiático han impulsado un proceso particular de diversificación de los medios de vida rurales, con significativas consecuencias para los roles de género y el bienestar económico. A partir de una investigación realizada por el autor en las Filipinas, este trabajo explora las transformaciones de la economía de los hogares que han acompañado la búsqueda de medios de vida más rentables y sostenibles. Además, sugiere que las intervenciones del gobierno y de las ONG pueden fomentar un proceso de diversificación de ingresos en la economía de los hogares (household economies), emprendedor y económicamente deseable, en lugar de un modelo de diversificación individual debilitante basado en la relación entre salario y empleo. Estas intervenciones incluyen un rol ampliado de las formas de crédito, capacitacion y otras formas de apoyo, específicos para mujeres, protección de las nacientes empresas familiares frente a la competencia de grandes granjas comerciales, y formas de gobernanza medioambiental más consensuales y socialmente responsables.French La dégradation et la reconfiguration des ressources naturelles sur les côtes et les hautes terres de l'Asie du Sud Est ont entamé un processus caractéristique de la diversification des moyens de subsistance en milieu rural, avec des implications considérables pour les rôles de genre et le bien-être économique. Se basant principalement sur des données venant des Philippines, cet article examine les transformations des revenus des ménages qui ont accompagné la recherche de moyens de subsistance plus durables et plus profitables. En outre, l'article suggère de quelle façon les interventions de l'État et des ONG peuvent encourager un modèle audacieux et économiquement souhaitable de diversification au niveau des ménages, au lieu d'un modèle de diversification au niveau de l'individu, débilitant et basé sur la relation salaire/travail. Ces interventions comprennent un rôle accru du crédit, des formations professionnelles et des formes de soutien apparentées (en particulier pour les femmes), la protection des entreprises des ménages tout juste en développement vis à vis de la compétition avec les grandes exploitations commerciales, ainsi que des formes de gouvernance environnementale plus consensuelles et socialement équitables.
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England, Matthew H., David K. Hutchinson, Agus Santoso, and Willem P. Sijp. "Ice–Atmosphere Feedbacks Dominate the Response of the Climate System to Drake Passage Closure." Journal of Climate 30, no. 15 (August 2017): 5775–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0554.1.
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The response of the global climate system to Drake Passage (DP) closure is examined using a fully coupled ocean–atmosphere–ice model. Unlike most previous studies, a full three-dimensional atmospheric general circulation model is included with a complete hydrological cycle and a freely evolving wind field, as well as a coupled dynamic–thermodynamic sea ice module. Upon DP closure the initial response is found to be consistent with previous ocean-only and intermediate-complexity climate model studies, with an expansion and invigoration of the Antarctic meridional overturning, along with a slowdown in North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) production. This results in a dominance of Southern Ocean poleward geostrophic flow and Antarctic sinking when DP is closed. However, within just a decade of DP closure, the increased southward heat transport has melted back a substantial fraction of Antarctic sea ice. At the same time the polar oceans warm by 4°–6°C on the zonal mean, and the maximum strength of the Southern Hemisphere westerlies weakens by ≃10%. These effects, not captured in models without ice and atmosphere feedbacks, combine to force Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) to warm and freshen, to the point that this water mass becomes less dense than NADW. This leads to a marked contraction of the Antarctic overturning, allowing NADW to ventilate the abyssal ocean once more. Poleward heat transport settles back to very similar values as seen in the unperturbed DP open case. Yet remarkably, the equilibrium climate in the closed DP configuration retains a strong Southern Hemisphere warming, similar to past studies with no dynamic atmosphere. However, here it is ocean–atmosphere–ice feedbacks, primarily the ice-albedo feedback and partly the weakened midlatitude jet, not a vigorous southern sinking, which maintain the warm polar oceans. This demonstrates that DP closure can drive a hemisphere-scale warming with polar amplification, without the presence of any vigorous Southern Hemisphere overturning circulation. Indeed, DP closure leads to warming that is sufficient over the West Antarctic Ice Sheet region to inhibit ice-sheet growth. This highlights the importance of the DP gap, Antarctic sea ice, and the associated ice-albedo feedback in maintaining the present-day glacial state over Antarctica.
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Anasi, Stella Ngozi, Folasade Olufunke Lawal, and Abiola Paul-Ozieh. "Internet literacy skills of community pharmacists in Lagos State, Nigeria." Information and Learning Sciences 120, no. 3/4 (March 11, 2019): 242–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ils-08-2018-0082.
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Purpose Community pharmacists need good retrieval skills and competencies for effective use of online information resources for professional practice. This study aims to ascertain the internet literacy skills of community pharmacists in Lagos State, Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach A survey research design was adopted for the study. Convenience sampling technique was used in selecting community pharmacists. Questionnaire was the instrument used for data collection, whereas descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Findings The study revealed that community pharmacists possess requisite internet literacy skills for effective use of online health information resources. There is a positive relationship between informational and operational internet literacy skills [r = 0.820, p(0.000) < 0.05], informational and strategic internet literacy skills [r = 0.838, p(0.000) < 0.05] and operational and strategic internet literacy skills [r = 0.810, p(0.000) < 0.05]. There is a statistically significant gender difference in the level of skillfulness in internet use based on self-reported skills. There is a significant relative contribution of demographic variables (gender, age, educational qualification and number of years in professional practice) to the level of skillfulness in internet use among community pharmacists. Practical implications To improve the use of online internet resources, the Association of Community Pharmacists of Nigeria, Lagos Chapter, should conduct training needs assessment regularly to offer the right levels of internet use skills. They must be proactive and incorporate training on computer and internet skills into their annual conferences and zonal meetings. They should also prepare and give internet use manuals to their members to read and understand how to use the internet more effectively. Community pharmacists, especially the female pharmacists, should also take advantage of free online training sessions called webinars to improve their internet literacy skills to cope with rapid changes in the e-environment, as well as to boost the quality of health-care services delivery. Pharmacists’ Council of Nigeria, the agency responsible for regulating and controlling the education, training and practice of pharmacy, should include an internet literacy skills module in the Mandatory Professional Continuing Education Programme. Originality/value The study investigated the internet literacy skills of community pharmacists in Lagos State and identified the gender gap in level of skillfulness. This study also explored the relationship between level of skillfulness and internet use, as well as the relationship between community pharmacists’ informational, operational and strategic internet literacy skills.
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Higuera-Sandoval, Carlos Hernando. "Efecto de la temperatura en el módulo dinámico del cemento asfáltico y la mezcla asfáltica – caso de Boyacá." Respuestas 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.22463/0122820x.672.
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Objetivo: El presente artículo muestra de manera detallada el efecto de la temperatura en la determinación del módulo dinámico del cemento asfáltico y el módulo dinámico de la mezcla asfáltica. Metodología: Para la investigación se consideraron las temperaturas medias anuales ponderadas más representativas de las regiones del departamento de Boyacá de 13°C a 20°C, también la velocidad de operación de sus carreteras de 30, 50, 70 y 100 Km/hora y se analizaron dos cementos asfálticos del tipo AC 60 – 70 y AC 80 – 100, estipulados en el artículo INV 400-13 de las especificaciones generales de construcción de carreteras del Instituto Nacional de Vías – INVIAS - 2013 y que son de uso frecuente en la construcción de pavimentos en el departamento de Boyacá. Para la determinación de los módulos dinámicos del asfalto y de la mezcla asfáltica se siguió la metodología de la SHELL y se analizaron las variables como la temperatura media anual ponderada del aire – TMAP, la temperatura de trabajo de la mezclas – tmix, la velocidad de operación de las carreteras – Vop, el tiempo de aplicación de la carga – t, la frecuencia de la aplicación de la carga – F y el índice de penetración del asfalto – IP. Resultados: Se presentan los módulos dinámicos del asfalto y de la mezcla asfáltica para diferentes temperaturas medias anuales ponderadas y diferentes velocidades de operación de las carreteras del Departamento de Boyacá, para los asfaltos tipo AC 60-70 y AC 80-100. Conclusión: El aporte de este trabajo de investigación es de gran utilidad para los ingenieros de diseño de estructuras de pavimentos, porque permite conocer el módulo dinámico de una mezcla asfáltica densa en caliente tipo INVIAS MDC-19 para rodadura, teniendo en cuenta la temperatura media anual ponderada de la zona del proyecto y las características de operación de la carretera, variables fundamentales para el diseño de las estructuras de pavimento flexible.Abstract Objective: This article shows in detail the effect of temperature on the determination of the dynamic module of asphaltic cement and the dynamic module of the asphalt mix. Method: Average pondered annual temperatures of the most representative Regions of the department of Boyaca ranging 13 ° C to 20 ° C were considered, as well as the speed of operation of its highways 30, 50, 70 and 100 km / hour and were considered, and two asphalt cements the type AC 60 - 70 and AC 80 – 100 which are stipulated in the article INV 400-13 of the general speciications for road construction of the National roads Institute - INVIAS - 2013 of frequent use in the pavement construction in the department of Boyaca. For the determination of the dynamic modules of asphalt and asphalt mixture the methodology SHELL was followed and variables as the weighted average annual air temperature TMAP, temperature Working Mixtures - TMIX, Speed Operation of roads - VOP, the application time load - t, the frequency of application of the load - F and the rate of penetration asphalt - IP were analyzed. Results: Dynamic modules asphalt and asphalt mixture paragraph for different annual pondered average temperatures and different speeds of operation of the roads on the Department of Boyaca are presented, for asphalts type AC 60-70 and AC 80-100. Conclusion: The contribution of this research work is very useful for Design Engineers of pavement structures as it allows to know the dynamic module of a hot-dense asphalt mixture of the type INVIAS MDC-19 for rolling, taking into account the annual pondered average temperature of the project area and the operating characteristics of the road, fundamental variables for the design of lexible pavement structures.Palabras clave: Diseño de pavimentos lexibles, mecánica de pavimentos, mezclas asfálticas, módulos dinámicos
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Galán Castro, Erick Alfonso. "Más allá de las percepciones: emergencia de subjetividades socioambientales en una región subcuenca de Acapulco, Guerrero." Clivajes. Revista de Ciencias Sociales, no. 14 (April 3, 2021): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.25009/clivajes-rcs.v0i14.2667.
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El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las subjetividades emergentes en la relación sociedad-naturaleza, en las comunidades y espacios urbanos de la subcuenca del río La Sabana-Laguna de Tres Palos, la cual se caracteriza por el proceso de degradación del ecosistema ribereño, a causa de la disposición ilegal de residuos sólidos y la descarga de aguas negras, así como de la creciente violencia criminal en la zona. Parte del estudio de la gubernamentalidad, así como del análisis cualitativo de experiencias acerca del conflicto socioambiental, para proponer dos formas de construcción de sentido y de acción social: una biopolítica socioambiental (homo economicus), basada en la incidencia tecnificada sobre el problema, aunque carente de crítica hacia el modelo económico; y una necropolítica socioambiental (endriago), que responde al abandono estatal y genera acciones para la sobrevivencia, aunque fuera de la legalidad y contra la vida de otros.Palabras clave: Gubernamentalidad, Conflicto socioambiental, Subjetividades emergentes Beyond perceptions. Emergence of socio-environmental subjectivities in a sub-basin region of Acapulco, GuerreroSummaryThe objective of this work is to analyze the emerging subjectivities in the society-nature relationship, in the communities and urban spaces of the sub-basin of the La Sabana-Laguna de Tres Palos river, which is characterized by the degradation process of the riparian ecosystem, due to the illegal disposal of solid waste and the discharge of sewage, as well as the increasing criminal violence in the area. It is based on the study of governmentality, as well as the qualitative analysis of experiences about the socio-environmental conflict, to propose two forms of construction of meaning and social action: a socio-environmental bio-politics (homo economicus), based on the technological impact on the problem, although lacking criticism of the economic model; and a socio-environmental necro-politics (endriago), which responds to state abandonment and generates actions for survival, although outside of legality and against the lives of others.Keywords: Governmentality, Socio-environmental conflict, Emerging subjectivities Ailleurs des perceptions. Émergence de subjectivités socio environnementales dans une région sous bassin d’Acapulco, GuerreroRésuméL’objectif de ce travail est celui d’analyser les subjectivités émergeantes dans la relation société-nature, dans les communautés et espaces urbains du sous bassin de la rivière La Sabana-Laguna de Tres Palos, qui se caractérise par le processus de dégradation de l’écosystème riverain, à cause de la disposition illégale de résidus solides et la décharge des eaux d'égout, ainsi que de la croissante violence criminelle de la zone. On part de l’étude de la gouvernabilité, ainsi que de l’analyse qualitative d’expériences à propos le conflit socio environnementale, pour proposer deux formes de construction de sens et d’action sociale : une biopolitique socio environnementale (homo economicus), basée dans l’incidence technicisée sur le problème, même dépourvu de critique envers le modèle économique ; et une nécro politique socio environnementale (endriago), qui répond à l’abandon de l’état et génère des actions pour la survivance, même hors de la légalité et contre la vie des autres.Mots clés : Gouvernabilité, Conflit socio environnemental, Subjectivités émergentes
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Gorbunov, R. V. "RELATIONSHIP OF REGIONAL ECOSYSTEMS PRODUCTIVITY WITH THE DYNAMICS OF HYDROTHERMAL CONDITIONS ON THE TERRITORY OFTHE CRIMEAN PENINSULA." Bulletin of the State Nikitsky Botanical Gardens 1, no. 138 (May 14, 2021): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36305/0513-1634-2021-138-17-25.
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The results of assessing of the spatiotemporal relationship and interannual dynamics the of regional ecosystems productivity of the Crimean Peninsula with hydmthennal conditions аге presented. Landsat space images from 1979 to 2017 аге used as the research material. The resolution of each image is 30х30 m The NDVI index was used to account for the productivity factor of ecosystems in the study. The ArcGIS 10 image analysis module is used to determine this index On the basis of the rank correlation coefficient, several clearly defined intervals are determined, which, in tum, allow for the selected time period to identify several quite clearly defined periods in determining the influence ofhydrothennal states of regional ecosystems on the fonnation of the value of their biological productivity. For the period from 1979 to 2017, four periods characterized Ьу different degrees of spatiotemporal correlation between productivity of regional ecosystems and their heat and moisture supply are identified. The first period is characterized Ьу relatively staЫe and sufficiently high values of spatial correlation between values of regional ecosystems productivity and indicators of hydrothennal states. The second period is represented Ьу much less staЫe indicators and fluctuations of spatial relationship in dynamics from year to year. The third period is associated with stabihzation of spatial relationship indicators and their increase to the level of the fIГSt period, while the relationship of productivity with temperatures is more staЫe in time. The fourth period, is characterized Ьу violation of staЫe dynamics in considered indicators, their fluctuations towards decrease of spatial relationship degree with possiЫe sharp jumps in case of especially dry and hot seasonal states, which, in general, correlates rather tightly with the shift of seasonal states. These periods are quite clearly connected with the changes in the prevailing circulation processes. The role of different circulation groups in the interannual dynamics of the spatial-temporal relationship of the characteristics under consideration is shown. It is noted that from 1957 up to 1985, the increase in the duration of the northem circulation had aЬsolute dominance. The barrier in 1985 coincides quite clearly with the change of the lst period of the present analysis. This clearly provided stabihty of the spatial relationship indicators in the lst period and some divergence in the 2nd period after the circulation type change. The 2nd period of the meridional Southem circulation epoch coincides with the lst period of staЫe relationship between heat and moisture availabihty indicators and values of productivity of regional ecosystems. The period from 1970 to 1997 was characterized Ьу southem cyclones exiting from the sea, which led to а decrease in air temperature in the Crimea on average per year, and to unstaЫe correlations with the productivity of ecosystems. From 1998 to the present, with the dominance of the meridional Northem circulation and the minimum duration of the Zonal circulation, there is а decrease in the duration of the meridional Southem circulation, which causes а sufficiently long period of staЫe relationships between productivity and the main climatic indicators in the 3rd period of this analysis. Decrease in mean annual temperature in 1981-1997 and its sharp increase in 1998-2013 clearly enough influence on the change of hnks with these parameters in pmductivity of regional ecosystems. The increase in air temperature in the period 1998-2013 is associated with the growth of the anticyclonic regime.
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Santiago Nabor, Eduardo. "Globalización, migración y trabajo en la capital del blue jeans. Las mujeres trabajadoras de maquiladoras en el sur de Puebla." Revista Trace, no. 55 (July 11, 2018): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22134/trace.55.2009.401.
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En este trabajo, se analizan los temas de la rápida industrialización y migración emergente en una zona rural en el sur del estado de Puebla, México, en la región de Tehuacán. La propuesta es cruzar estas variables y entender la forma en la cual los individuos están experimentando procesos de cambio a mediano plazo. El centro del análisis es la migración acelerada y su conexión con la industria maquiladora de exportación y sus crisis con el propósito de proponer una discusión de los argumentos sobre desarrollo, y la emergencia de nuevas comunidades de origen en la migración internacional. Es la reflexión sobre las condiciones que implican un fenómeno de globalización económica asi como un modelo industrial y laboral, y la experiencia de mujeres viviendo estas dos condicionantes de su entorno que se transformó en un lapso de 20 años. La idea principal en el texto es entender que los cambios en la dinámica de la región y los resultados posteriores a la instalación de las maquiladoras, se deben tanto al carácter global y neoliberal que adopta en la década de los años 1990, posterior a la adopción de políticas neoliberales en México, como a la apertura a los capitales financieros.Abstract: This article discusses the issues of rapid industrialization and emerging migration in a rural area in the southern state of Puebla, Mexico, in the region of Tehuacan. The proposal is to cross these variables and understand the ways individuals are undergoing processes of change in the medium term. The analysis focuses on the accelerated migration and its connection to the maquiladora export industry and its crisis, whith the aim of proposing a discussion of the arguments about development and emergence of new communities of origin in international migration. It is the reflection on the conditions that involves the phenomenon of economic globalization, a specific industrial and labor model, and women experiencing these conditions in their environment, which was transformed into a period of 20 years. The main idea in the text is to understand that changes in the dynamics and the outcome from the maquiladoras in the region, were the product of neoliberal and global phenomenon in the 90’s, after the adoption of neoliberal policies in Mexico and openness to financial capital and the arrival of transnational firms in these industries, which influences the migration to the US labor, mainly male.Résumé : Dans ce travail, nous analysons les thèmes de la rapide industrialisation et de la migration émergente dans une zone rurale du sud de l’état de Puebla, Mexique, dans la région de Tehuacán. La proposition consiste à croiser ces variables et comprendre la façon dont les individus expérimentent les processus de changement à moyen terme. Le coeur de l’analyse est la migration accélérée et ses liens avec l’industrie maquiladora d’exportation et ses crises, dans le but de proposer une discussion sur le développement et l’émergence de nouvelles communautés d’origine dans la migration internationale. Il s’agit d’une réflexion sur les relations entre d’une part, les conditions mises en place par la globalisation économique et un nouveau modèle industriel et de travail et, d’autre part, l’expérience de femmes vivant ces deux facteurs conditionnant leur milieu qui s’est transformé au cours des 20 dernières années. L’idée principale du texte est de comprendre que les changements dans la dynamique de la région et les résultats postérieurs à l’installation des maquiladoras découlent autant des politiques néolibérales et globales adoptées par le Mexique dans les années 1990 qu’à l’ouverture au capital financier.
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Fidelis-Medeiros, Francisco Hiályson, Vitor de Oliveira Lunardi, and Diana Gonçalves Lunardi. "Proposta de Gestão Adequada de Resíduos Sólidos Domiciliares em Comunidades Rurais Utilizando Análise Espacial." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 13, no. 2 (April 7, 2020): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v13.2.p527-543.
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Os resíduos sólidos rurais representam um grande entrave ao desenvolvimento sustentável pautado na sustentabilidade ambiental, social e econômica. A destinação incorreta dos resíduos sólidos promove impactos negativos à saúde humana e aos sistemas ambientais. Portanto, os objetivos desta pesquisa foram descrever a forma de disposição final dos resíduos sólidos domiciliares em sete comunidades rurais inseridas na Zona de Amortecimento do Parque Nacional da Furna Feia, RN, e apresentar uma proposta de gestão adequada de resíduos sólidos produzidos nestas comunidades. A metodologia foi pautada na observação não participante, com base na lógica de investigação fenomenológica, e na pesquisa-ação, visando contribuir com a gestão dos resíduos sólidos domiciliares. Para a espacialização dos elementos de logística e infraestrutura do modelo de gestão proposto neste estudo, que inclui rotas e pontos de coleta de materiais recicláveis, utilizou-se um sistema de informação geográfica, o Quantum GIS, com o auxílio do módulo de digitalização. Os dados indicaram que em todas as residências avaliadas ocorre a queima de resíduo sólido, enquanto a reutilização de materiais recicláveis foi registrada em 57,5% das residências. O resíduo orgânico, compreendido por sobras de alimento, foi destinado à alimentação de animais domésticos e de produção. Com base nestes dados, é apresentada uma proposta de gestão adequada dos resíduos sólidos domiciliares, com foco na reutilização de materiais recicláveis, com possibilidade de geração de renda, por meio de cooperativas e/ou associações. Para os rejeitos, elaborou-se uma proposta de coleta intermunicipal, visando diminuir gastos operacionais e possibilitar a sustentabilidade socioambiental. Proposed Appropriate Management of Household Solid Waste in Rural Communities Using Spatial Analysis A B S T R A C TRural solid waste represents a major obstacle to sustainable development based on environmental, social and economic sustainability. Incorrect disposal of solid waste causes negative impacts on human health and environmental systems. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to describe the form of final disposal of household solid waste in seven rural communities inserted in the buffer zone of Furna Feia National Park, RN, Brazil, and present a proposal for appropriate management of solid waste produced in these communities. The methodology was based on non-participant observation, through of the logic of phenomenological research, and action research, aiming to contribute to the management of household solid waste. For the spatialization of the logistics and infrastructure elements of the management model proposed in this study, which includes routes and collection points for recyclable materials, we used a geographic information system, Quantum GIS, with the aid of the digitization module. Data indicated that in all households evaluated, solid waste is burned, while the reuse of recyclable materials was recorded in 57.5% of households. The organic waste, comprised of food scraps, was destined to feed domestic and farm animals. Based on these data, we present a proposal for the appropriate management of household solid waste, focusing on the reuse of recyclable materials, with the possibility of generating financial resources through cooperatives and/or associations. For the tailing, we elaborated a proposal for intercity collection, aiming to reduce operating expenses and enable social and environmental sustainability.Keywords: Geoprocessing; Environmental management; Public policy; Sustainability; Protected area.
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García, Carlos Humberto, and Luz María Calle. "Consideraciones metodológicas para la tipificación de sistemas de producción bovina a partir de fuentes secundarias." Corpoica Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria 2, no. 2 (June 30, 1998): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol2_num2_art:166.
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<p>Se presentan los resultados de aplicar una metodología rápida y económica para tipificar sistemas de producción bovinos a partir de datos obtenidos de fuentes secundarias. La metodología describe modelos estructurales de producción ganadera y los ubica espacialmente determinando sistemas modales. Para ello se utilizan estadísticas básicas del departamento de Santander (Colombia), que asumen el municipio como unidad de análisis. Se proponen y usan algunas variables para el desarrollo y cálculo de indicadores relacionados con aspectos estructurales de los sistemas de producción, tales como la ocupación y uso de la superficie agropecuaria, la estructura demográfica bovina, el tamaño predial de las fincas, la distribución rural y urbana de la población humana, la vacunación contra la fiebre aftosa y la utilización de pastos mejorados. Mediante técnicas estadísticas de Análisis Multivariado, Correlación Múltiple, Análisis de Componentes Principales y Análisis Jerárquico de Conglomerados fue posible identificar tipologías, calculando matemáticamente sus descriptores. Así, se identifican y describen cuatro tipologías estructurales: bovinos de cría en el modelo de economía campesina, bovinos para producción de carne, bovinos como actividad complementaria de la economía campesina agrícola y bovinos de cría y levante en un modelo pre-empresarial. La ubicación espacial de las tipologías se realizó dentro de subregiones naturales (Zona Fría, Montaña Santandereana, Hoyas de los Ríos Ponce Chica mocha y Suárez y Valle del Magdalena Medio), lo cual condujo a la identificación de doce subgrupos que se priorizaron de acuerdo con su inventario ganadero para una mejor descripción de las tipologías.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Methodological approach for classification of cattle production systems from secondary information sources</strong></p><p>A rapid and low cost methodology was applied to classify cattle production systems using data from secondary sources. This methodology identifies, describes and specially locates modal cattle production systems. Basic information on biophysical and socioeconomical aspects of the department of Santander (Colombia) was used for this purpose, considering the municipality as the unit of analysis. A set of variables was used to calculate structural indicators of the production systems such as: land use in agriculture, structure of the bovine population, farm size, use of improved pastures, foot and mouth disease vaccination records, as well as rural and urban human populations. In order to define and calculate the descriptors for classification of these systems multivariate analysis, multiple correlation, principal components and cluster analysis were applied. Four system s were identified and described: (1) cow-calf owned by small farmers, (2) beef cattle production enterprises, (3) small operations of cow-calf and feeder cattle, and (4) bovines as complement to crop production in small farms. A methodology was developed to locate the above systems under the natural subregions: Cold zones, Santander highlands, Fonce Chicamocha and Suárez basin rivers and Medium Magdalena Valley; thus leading to the identification of 12 subgroups, which were prioritized according to their cattle populations, and as a result provide adequate means to describe beef cattle production systems.</p>
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De Antueno, Lucía, Fernanda J. Gaspari, and Adriana Guzmán Guaraca. "Análisis del efecto del cambio en el uso del suelo sobre el escurrimiento en la cuenca alta del río Sauce Chico, Argentina." Revista Estudios Ambientales - Environmental Studies Journal 8, no. 1 (July 9, 2020): 20–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.47069/estudios-ambientales.v8i1.659.
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Los cambios de cobertura y uso del suelo son reconocidos como una de las principales influencias en la dinámica hídrica superficial. La modelización hidrológica permite comparar los escenarios pluviales y de cambio de uso del suelo en cuencas hidrográficas. El objetivo propuesto fue analizar el efecto de la cobertura y uso del suelo sobre la generación de escorrentía en la cuenca alta de río Sauce Chico (CARSCH), Argentina. Se desarrolló una metodología geoespacial de análisis de la situación morfométrica como herramienta de base para la modelización hidrológica, que se realizó en HEC-HMS 4.2 aplicando el modelo Número de curva (NC) para un evento pluvial extremo y otro modal con fines de comparación de la respuesta de la cuenca. La zonificación de la cobertura vegetal se definió a través de un geoprocesamiento digital, para cuatro escenarios de uso de suelo, considerándolos como representativos de una tendencia de cambio espacio temporal. Al analizar los resultados se determinó que el mayor volumen escurrido y caudales máximos en tormentas extremas se generan en áreas serranas, mientras que ante eventos modales los máximos se registran en zonas de lomadas. Además, los resultados revelan que el cambio en el uso del suelo tiene una influencia más significativa en el comportamiento de los caudales ante la ocurrencia de eventos de precipitación modal, que de eventos extremos. Concluyendo, el avance de la antropización en la CARSCH generó una mayor producción de caudales ante eventos pluviales. La modelación hidrológica proporcionó información de la interacción entre el uso del suelo y el efecto de la erosividad pluvial con el fin de proyectar y pronosticar la influencia sobre la escorrentía superficial según el uso del suelo a nivel geoespacial.
Abstract
Changes in coverage and land use are known as one of the main influences on surface water dynamics. Hydrological modeling is a tool for comparing rainfall and land use change scenarios in river basins. The purpose was to analyze the effect of land use and cover in the generation of runoff in the upper basin of Sauce Chico river (CARSCH), Argentina. A geospatial methodology of morphometric situation analysis was developed as a basic tool for hydrological modeling, which was carried out in HEC-HMS 4.2, applying the curve number (NC) model for an extreme rainfall event and another modal for comparison purposes of the response of the basin. The zoning of the vegetation cover was defined through a digital geoprocessing, for four scenarios of land use, considering them as representative of a trend of temporal space change. When analyzing the results according to rainfall events and land cover and use, it was determined that the highest drained volume and maximum flows in extreme storms is generated in mountain areas, while for modal events, the maximum is recorded in hill areas. In addition, the results reveal that the change in land use has a more significant influence on the behavior of flows in the event of modal precipitation events, rather than extreme events. In conclusion, the advance of the anthropization in the CARSCH generated a greater production of flows due to rain events. Hydrological modeling provided information on the interaction between land use and the effect of rainfall erosion in order to project and predict the influence on surface runoff according to land use at the geospatial level.
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Wahid, Ahmed, Marguerite Madden, Fikry Khalaf, and Ibtehal Fathy. "Geospatial Analysis for the Determination of Hydro-Morphological Characteristics and Assessment of Flash Flood Potentiality in Arid Coastal Plains: A Case in Southwestern Sinai, Egypt." Earth Sciences Research Journal 20, no. 1 (April 30, 2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v20n1.49624.
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<p>Coastal plains with a unique geographic setting and renewable natural resources are promising for sustainable development; however, these areas may be subjected to some environmental hazards due to their geological setting. One of those hazards is the seasonal flash flood that can threaten existing and future development projects in such critical areas. Southwestern Sinai, Egypt, is a coastal plain that is characterized by complex geological setting an arid climate with seasonal rainfall which can result in a high runoff. The aim of this work is to model spatially the runoff amount and density related to flash flood development and to create a flash flood hazard map of the plain as an example of coastal plain in a desert environment with large and complex hydrologic setting. In this research, ASTER images are used to develop a digital elevation model (DEM) and land use/land cover (LULC) data sets of the study area. Geographic information system (GIS) was used to perform runoff and ash potential flood analyses of the created databases and to show distributed runoff and flooding potential in spatial maps. A module was created in a GIS environment to develop a flash flood potential index map. It was clear that the main two factors controlling runoff amounts and flash flood potential in such kinds of areas are the slope and soil types. The final dataset map procedure by this work can be very helpful in land use planning by highlighting the areas subjected to flash floods. </p></div></div></div></div><p> </p><div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><strong>Análisis Geoespacial para Determinar las Características Hidromorfológicas y Evaluar las Inundaciones Potenciales en Llanuras Costeras Áridas: Caso de Estudio en el Suroccidente de Sinaí, Egipto </strong></p><p><strong><br /></strong></p><p><strong>Resumen</strong></p><div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Las llanuras costeras que poseen recursos naturales renovables y una configuración geográfíca única son promisorias para el desarrollo sostenible. Estas áreas, sin embargo, son objeto de algunas amenazas ambientales debido a su escenario geológico. Una de estas amenazas es la temporada de inundaciones rápidas que pueden poner en riesgo los proyectos de desarrollo existentes y los futuros en estas zonas críticas. El suroccidente de Sinaí, Egipto, es una llanura costera que se caracteriza por su compleja configuración geológica de clima árido, con temporadas de lluvia que pueden resultar en una gran escorrentía. El objetivo de este trabajo fue modelar espacialmente la cantidad y densidad de escorrentía relacionada al desarrollo de inundaciones rápidas y elaborar un mapa de amenazas de inundación rápida en este valle, como un ejemplo de llanura costera en un ambiente desértico con un escenario hidrológico grande y complejo. En este trabajo se utilizaron imágenes ASTER para desarrollar un Modelo de Elevación Digital (DEM, en inglés) y establecer la información de uso del suelo/cobertura del suelo (LULC, en inglés) en el área de estudio. A partir del Sistema de Información Geográfica (GIS) se analizaron la escorrentía y el potencial de inundación de las bases de datos creadas, y se mostró la escorrentía y el potencial de inundación en mapas espaciales. Se creó un módulo en un ambiente del GIS para desarrollar un mapa del índice inundación rápida potencial. Se estableció que </span><span>los dos factores </span><span>que controlan la cantidad de escorrentía y el potencial de inundaciones rápidas en estas áreas son la inclinación y los tipos de suelo. El mapa final de procemiento con el conjunto de datos de este trabajo es de gran ayuda en la planeación del uso de suelos, ya que evidencia las áreas con posibilidad de inundaciones rápidas.</p>
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"Tsunami Zonal Marking Application using Google Application Protocol Interface." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering 8, no. 2S7 (September 5, 2019): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.b1050.0782s719.
Full textAbstract:
Tsunami Zonal Marking application is part of a project aims to create an integrated application to conduct tsunami evacuation and mitigation process. This integrated application called INTERGIS consists of three main parts or modules, which are back-end, front-end and interoperability modules. Tsunami zonal marking back-end module is a web-based application used by authoritative users, such as Regional Disaster Management Agency and Disaster Operational Control Centre officer, to marking the tsunami impacted area as well as to pointing the assembly safe point in digital maps application. While the front-end module is an Android based application that can assist the user to reach the nearest safe assembly point when the tsunami disaster occurs. This application activated when it is triggered by BMKG's INATEWS tsunami early warning system. The Interoperability module is part of application that organize the data connection to BMKG's INATEWS and Google API web services. This paper explores more on back-end module that built on CodeIgniter PHP framework. This application has been developed and has successfully mapped tsunami zones in several areas of Bali. This app utilizes google Application Programming Interface (API) and can be used by SAR units from each district. The tsunami zone data and the assembly point will be supplied by the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) of each district.