Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modèles 2D de Roesser'
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Rigaud, Alexandre. "Analyse des notions de stabilité pour les modèles 2D de Roesser et de Fornasini-Marchesini." Thesis, Poitiers, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022POIT2307.
Full textThis thesis presents the results of research work on different notions of stability used in the literature of multidimensional dynamical systems. More precisely, within the framework of the 2D Roesser and Fornasini-Marchesini models, we analyze the notions of stability in the sense of Lyapunov, asymptotic stability, exponential stability(ies) and structural stability, as well as the relations between these different properties. The first chapter of this thesis carries out a certain number of reminders concerning the definitions of stability and the links which exist between them, with the aim of establishing a solid framework in order to extend these notions from the 1D case to the 2D case. Once these reminders have been established, we present the 2D models that we are studying. The second chapter lists the stability definitions used for the 2D Roesser and Fornasini-Marchesini models and establishes the links between these different definitions. In the third chapter, we propose a necessary and sufficient condition of asymptotic stability for a certain class of linear discrete 2D Fornasini-Marchesini models. The fourth and last chapter proposes a detailed study of a non-linear 1D model which has the rare characteristic of being both attractive and unstable, and we generalize this particular model to the 2D case in order to establish which properties are conserved. or not when passing from the 1D case to the 2D case
Filali, Ansary Tarik. "Indexation de modèles 3D à partir de vues 2D." Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TELE0006.
Full textThe management of big databases of three-dimensional models ( used in CAD applications, visualization, games, etc. ) is very important domain. The ability to characterize and easily retrieve 3D models is a key issue for the designers and the final users. In this frame, two main appoaches exist : search by example of a 3D model, and search by a 2D view or photo. In this thesis we focus ont he characterization of a 3D model by a set of views ( called characteristic views), and on the indexing process of the 3D models using theses characteristic views. In this thesis, we propose a new method for the selection of the " optimal" characteristic views set based on an informational criterion ( Bayesian information criteria). Starting from fact that all the views of a model 3D do not contain the same quantity of information about 3D model, we present a new bayesian approach for the indexing of the 3D models using their views. Our approach takes into account the probability of appreance of a 3D model and the importance of each of its view. Experiments carried on a database of 5000 3D models provided by Renault, within the framework of the RNRT SEMANTIC-D, show the good results of our method on mechanical objects. We compared our method with the most recent and relevant 3D models indexing methods using the standard database " Princeton Shape Benchmark". These experiments highlighted the very good results of our method compared with the ither approaches. To access our results and permit the test of our method, we made 3D search engine available online accessible using a PC or a PDA. Our searche engine permit the search for 3D objects using an example 3D model, a drawing or one or more photographs
Aron, Christine. "Processus d'accrétion océanique et circulation hydrothermale : modélisation numérique 2D." Aix-Marseille 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX30079.
Full textIndelicato, Giuliana. "Modèles mécaniques de réseaux de fibres 2D et de textiles." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPL009N/document.
Full textIn this work, we discuss three basic problems related to the mechanical behavior of textile materials. First, we extend the model of Wang and Pipkin for textiles, described as networks of inextensible fibers with resistance to shear and bending, to a model in which resistance to twist of the individual fibers is taken into account, by including torsion contributions in the elastic stored energy. As an example, we study the behaviour of a cylindrical shell made of helical fibers. Second, we study how the geometry of the weave pattern affects the symmetry properties of the deformation energy of a woven fabric. For networks made by two families of fibers, four basic types of weave patterns are possible, depending on the angle between the fibers and on their material properties. The symmetry properties of the pattern determine the material symmetry group of the network, under which the stored energy is invariant. In this context, we derive representations for the deformation energy of a woven fabric that are invariant under the symmetry group of the network, and discuss the relation of the resulting group invariants with the curvature of the fibers. Third, we develop a model for textiles viewed as surfaces with microstructure, using a modification of the classical Cosserat model for shells, in which the microstructure accounts for the undulations of the threads at the microscopic scale. Describing the threads as Euler's elastica, we derive an explicit expression for the microscopic elastic energy that allows to set up a simple model for the macroscopic mechanical behavior of textiles
Sebbahi, Ali. "Segmentation 2D et 3D par modèles déformables en imagerie cardio-vasculaire." Paris 12, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA120040.
Full textTouron, Frédérique. "Simulation numérique 2D des sondes de résistivité électrique en forage." Aix-Marseille 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX30105.
Full textKotronis, Panagiotis. "Cisaillement dynamique de murs en béton armé : modèles simplifiés 2D et 3D." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00074469.
Full textValette, Sébastien. "Modèles de maillages déformables 2D et multirésolution surfaciques 3D sur une base d'ondelettes." Lyon, INSA, 2002. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2002ISAL0002/these.pdf.
Full textThis work aims at providing mesh-based image processing algorithms. The first part introduces a new theoretical support and an algorithm for multiresolution analysis of 3D surface meshes. This approach is a generalization of the wavelet decomposition of surface meshes proposed by Lounsbery, which initial definition can be applied only to regularly subdivided meshes. This extension requires the definition of an irregular subdivision scheme, allowing multiresolution analysis on irregular meshes. The second part handles video objects segmentation and tracking in 2D+t sequences. We propose a new active mesh algorithm that moves the mesh nodes on motion discontinuities. The motion inside each cell is estimated by a competitive back-forward approach. This approach allows nodes displacements without remeshing motion occlusion regions. A spatial constraint allows a better deformation in homogeneous regions. A temporal regularization constraint ensures the tracking consistency. The third part adds a conclusion and possible future work on multiresolution video objects representation, with the algorithm proposed in the first part
Roquefort, Anne. "Sur quelques questions liées aux modèles non linéaires de coques minces." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066219.
Full textDa, Costa Luis Eduardo. "Reconstruction de modèles 3D à partir d'information 2D partielle : application au cas d'une plante." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2007. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/573/1/DA_COSTA_Luis_Eduardo.pdf.
Full textKhouas, Leila. "Visualisation de champs de vecteurs 2D et 3D par modélisation autorégressive bidimensionnelle d'une texture de type fourrure." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0081.
Full textIn many areas such as fluid dynamics or medical imaging, the analysis of studied phenomena produces complex data that consists in large vector fields. The vectors represent some characteristic of each point on the field such as: a fluid vorticity, a wind velocity or a motion speed. The visualization of vector fields is not straightforward because they have no natural representation. In this work, we propose to build a new representation of vector fields based on furlike texture. We assume that such a texture provides a natural and intuitive representation of a dense vector field. Our approach consists in the development of a texture model that allows 2D synthesis of furlike texture having a 3D aspect. The model is based on the modeling of the texture autocorrelation function (ACF) and a two dimensional Auto Regressive synthesis (2D AR). This provides a simple and efficient 2D generator of furlike texture with a local control of the main attributes of the texture (orientation and length of filaments). We have experimented the use of this texture model to represent vector fields. We use orientation, length and color attributes of our furlike texture to visualize local orientation and magnitude of a 2D vector field. Results are presented using simulated data and cardiac imaging data. We also show how to visualize 3D vector fields defined over 3D surfaces by a simple and appropriate texture mapping procedure. We have applied this technique for special vector fields that simulate fur appearance on 3D objects. This produces images with quite realistic aspect
Champollion, Cédric. "Quantification de la vapeur d'eau troposphérique par GPS (modèles 2D et tomographies 3D) : application aux précipitations intenses." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011387.
Full textCe mémoire présente la théorie (méthodes des moindres carrés et filtre de Kalman), la validation et les applications du logiciel LOFTT_K de tomographie troposphérique GPS développé pendant cette thèse. La tomographie a été validée grâce à des simulations, des modèles météorologiques et des mesures indépendantes. Elle a ensuite été utilisée pour comprendre les interactions petites échelles entre les dynamiques locales (les brises) et de mésoéchelle (le mistral). Le GPS météorologique a permis aussi de caractériser les variations d'humidité pendant les pluies cévenoles. Enfin la tomographie GPS régionale a mis en évidence un mécanisme de chargement en humidité de l'atmosphère avant l'initiation de la convection.
A l'avenir, les données GPS seront assimilées dans les modèles opérationnels de prévision météorologique. Elles doivent aussi servir à approfondir la connaissance des relations entre les précipitations, la convection et la dynamique de la vapeur d'eau.
Monnier, Fabrice. "Amélioration de la localisation 3D de données laser terrestre à l'aide de cartes 2D ou modèles 3D." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1114/document.
Full textTechnological advances in computer science (software and hardware) and particularly, GPS localization made digital models accessible to all people. In recent years, mobile mapping systems has enabled large scale mobile 3D scanning. One advantage of this technology for the urban environment is the potential ability to improve existing 2D or 3D database, especially their level of detail and variety of represented objects. Geographic database consist of a set of geometric primitives (generally 2D lines and plans or triangles in 3D) with a coarse level of detail but with the advantage of being available over wide geographical areas. They come from the fusion of various information (old campaigns performed manually, automated or hybrid design) wich may lead to manufacturing errors. The mobile mapping systems can acquire laser point clouds. These point clouds guarantee a fine level of detail up to more than one points per square centimeter. But there are some disavantages :- a large amount of data on small geographic areas that may cause problems for storage and treatment of up to several Terabyte during major acquisition,- the inherent acquisition difficulties to image the environment from the ground. In urban areas, the GPS signal required for proper georeferencing data can be disturbed by multipath or even stopped when GPS masking phenomena related to the reduction of the portion of the visible sky to capture enough satellites to find a good localization. Improve existing databases through these dataset acquired by a mobile mapping system requires alignment of these two sets. The main objective of this manuscript is to establish a pipeline of automatic processes to register these datasets together in the most reliable manner. Co-registration this data can be done in different ways. In this manuscript we have focused our work on the registration of mobile laser point cloud on geographical database by using a drift model suitable for the non rigid drift of these kind of mobile data. We have also developped a method to register geographical database containing semantics on mobile point cloud. The different optimization step performed on our methods allows to register the data fast enough for post-processing pipeline, which allows the management of large volumes of data (billions of laser points and thousands geometric primitives). We have also discussed on the problem of joint deformation. Our methods have been tested on simulated data and real data from different mission performed by IGN
Oudinet, Ghislain. "Analyse d'images et modélisation 2D/3D de la microstructure du combustible MOX." Saint-Etienne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STET4011.
Full textThe microstructure of the MOX fuel, made with UO2 and PuO2, determines his " in pile " behavior. The french companies CEA and COGEMA are highly interested in its description by image analysis, which is the object of the present work. The segmentation algorithms described here use pictures issued from a microprobe and a SEM, to analyse the plutonium and porosity distribution in the fuel pellets. They are innovating, automated and robust enough to be used with a small data set. They have been successfully tested on different fuels, before and after irradation. Three-dimensional informations have been computed with a genetic algorithm. The obtained 3D object size distributions allowed the modeling of many different industrial and research fuels. 3D reconstruction is accurate and stable, and provides a basis for different studies among which the study of the MOX fuel " in pile " behavior
Cissé, Issa. "Convection thermovibrationelle et thermosolutale 2D dans des cavités rectangulaires." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30111.
Full textChabot, Florian. "Analyse fine 2D/3D de véhicules par réseaux de neurones profonds." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC018/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we are interested in fine-grained analysis of vehicle from an image. We define fine-grained analysis as the following concepts : vehicle detection in the image, vehicle viewpoint (or orientation) estimation, vehicle visibility characterization, vehicle 3D localization and make and model recognition. The design of reliable solutions for fine-grained analysis of vehicle open the door to multiple applications in particular for intelligent transport systems as well as video surveillance systems. In this work, we propose several contributions allowing to address partially or wholly this issue. Proposed approaches are based on joint deep learning technologies and 3D models. In a first section, we deal with make and model classification keeping in mind the difficulty to create training data. In a second section, we investigate a novel method for both vehicle detection and fine-grained viewpoint estimation based on local apparence features and geometric spatial coherence. It uses models learned only on synthetic data. Finally, in a third section, a complete system for fine-grained analysis is proposed. It is based on the multi-task concept. Throughout this report, we provide quantitative and qualitative results. On several aspects related to vehicle fine-grained analysis, this work allowed to outperform state of the art methods
Hamlaoui, Soumya. "Suivi 2D de visages et de mouvements faciaux." Compiègne, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006COMP1531.
Full textTracking a face and its facial features in a video sequence is a challenging problem in computer vision. This thesis addresses the problem of tracking the 2D global motion of a face as well as the local motion of its inner features. Ln this thesis, we propose a stochastic approach based on a particle filtering scheme. The observation distribution is derived from an active appearance model, or from an on-Iine estimated appearance model. The dynamics describing the state system evolution are guided by a deterministic research. The particle number is adjusted to the effective needs of the tracking at each time step. This adjustment allows an optimization of the computing time. We also use a robust distance measure which increases the tracking robustness when the face is partially occulted. Experiments on real video show encouraging results
Bouchetob, Ahmed Lazhar Fodhil. "Contribution à la modélisation en 2D et 3D du phénomène de discage." Lille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL10198.
Full textPoli, Emmanuelle. "Stratigraphie séquentielle haute-résolution, modèles de dépôt et géométrie 2D-3D des séquences triasiques de la marge téthysienne ardéchoise." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOS081.
Full textLafrance, Frederick. "Vers une plateforme cartographique web 2D/3D - dynamique pour la participation citoyenne." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33141.
Full textWeb virtual globes can facilitate communication between urban planners and citizens. Recent studies have shown that 3D rather than 2D representations can be more effective in communicating information. However, such visualization presents several challenges, including the level of detail, realism and abstraction. Citizens' understanding of the impact of the choices they make during urban planning consultations could be improved by exploiting spatiotemporal simulations. Yet, 4D (3D + time) has rarely been integrated to citizen participation platforms. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to develop a web mapping platform combining multidimensional visualizations (2D, 3D, 4D) in an efficient and intuitive way, so that citizens can better assess and understand the issues of the consultation at stake. To achieve this objective, representation guidelines adapted to citizen consultation as well as spatiotemporal simulations were designed. These concepts were then integrated into a 4D web mapping platform featuring the virtual globe Cesium. User testing was done with 21 experienced participants who used a questionnaire integrated into the platform to validate the concepts. The questionnaire contained 5 simulated realistic case scenarios of citizen participation, in which the participants assessed the intuitiveness of the chosen representations as well as the concepts related to this research. Results showed that spatial information shared within citizen consultations can be intuitively represented through a combination of 2D, 3D and 4D dimensions. Moreover, this combination also offers a better understanding of the impacts related to choices made during the consultation. We consider that the platform proposed in this project is a first step toward a more complete tool dedicated to citizen participation. Future works will aim to use the platform in a real context of citizen consultation.
Micheli, Pascal de. "Formulation explicite en tétraèdres linéaires pour la modélisation 2D et 3D de l'UGV." Paris, ENMP, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00409570.
Full textThe aim of this work is to present a FE formulation particularly adapted to the simulation of high speed machining at the cutting edge level. The modelling should be able to detect the very local phenomena that could occur, with reasonable computation times. This code is implemented using the FE library CimLib, which offers robust adaptive non-structured remeshers and allows massive parallel computing. This work can be split in two parts. The first one consist in developing, implementing and validating an explicit type formulation, which is not sensitive to volumetric locking and allows using robust adaptive non-structured remeshers. Two formulations have been compared in the field of rapid dynamics: a semi-explicit one with mixed tetrahedral elements and RFB stabilization and an explicit one with modified linear tetrahedral elements. The second part of the work consists in applying the explicit formulation presented above to high speed machining. A thermal solver is implemented and coupled to the mechanical one. 2D micro machining simulations of Ti6Al4V orthogonal cutting are performed. Results are in very good agreement with literature, and important calculation time sparing is observed. The initiation and propagation of the adiabatic shear band in the chip can be analyzed in details. A R-adaptation procedure has been added to the normal remeshing procedure in order to be able to extend those results in 3D. We can then get closer of the real industrial processes, without loosing precision
Sbitti, Amine. "Propagation des fissures 2D et 3D planes sous chargement thermomécanique à amplitudes variables." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066686.
Full textOlivier, Julien. "Méthodes d'accélération et approches supervisées pour les contours actifs : applications à la segmentation d'images 2D, 3D et texturées." Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR4029/document.
Full textIn this work, several approaches developed to improve active contours are presented. Three acceleration methods have been developed for parametric models evolving with the greedy algorithm, and applied to 2D and 3D segmentation. Their principle is to dynamically manage the neighbourhood grid of each control point of the active contour. Two supervised level set models are also detailed. Both are based on Haralick texture features and use a learning image with an expert segmentation. The first model is a region-based active contour, inspired by the model developed by Chan and Vese. Linear programming principle is used to determine the optimal weight of each Haralick coefficient. The second model introduces a binary classifier in the motion equation of the active contour, the classifier being learned using the Haralick coefficients, extracted from the learning image. Both models are applied to 2D and 3D textured image segmentation
Zahri, Abdellatif. "Développement du modèle PIC-MCC 2D : application aux décharges radiofréquence." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1344/.
Full textThe particle-in-cell method combined with the Monte Carlo techniques is a well established method for plasma modelling, and is widely used to simulate low pressure radiofrequency discharges. This technique is a simple and effective method for solving a wide variety of complex problems involving a large number of particles moving under the action of internal forces and external forces (electromagnetic fields. . . ) The purpose of our model is to understand and characterize the behaviour of low pressure plasmas in a two-dimensional geometry. We want to understand what is happening in the sheath and in particular the behaviour of the ions. In this work, we describe the PIC-MCC models and techniques needed to build such models. We chose this technique by its ability to describe correctly the plasma physics at low pressure. Indeed, this technique provides more details without any assumption on the distribution function of electrons or ions, which is far from being the case for other models including fluid models. We show some distribution functions (density and energy of charged particles, EEDF) ; the electrical characteristics of the discharge are presented. This work is part of the European project EMDPA : New Elemental and Molecular Depth Analysis of advanced materials by modulated radio frequency glow discharge time of flight mass spectrometry. This project is funded by the European Commission through the research program for technological development
Ghigo, Arthur. "Modèles simplifiés d’écoulements sanguins appliqués à des réseaux de grandes artères." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066422/document.
Full textEvery cardiac cycle, the heart contracts and ejects blood into the vascular network. This periodic inflow translates into the propagation of a pulse wave, which, through interactions with the elastic arterial wall, the blood and the complex arterial network, shapes itself into the pulsatile signal clinicians observe on a daily basis. Understanding these complex wave propagation dynamics is of great clinical relevance as large arteries are a breeding ground for many common cardiovascular pathologies which are often triggered by hemodynamical factors. Unfortunately, hemodynamics in large arteries are too complex to be apprehended using only non-invasive measurements and medical imaging techniques. Patient-specific numerical simulations of blood flow have therefore been developed to provide clinicians with valuable insights on pathogenesis and the outcome of surgeries. As three-dimensional models are usually used only in small portions of the cardiovascular system due to their high modeling and computational costs, we have used reduced-order models to reproduce complex wave propagation behaviors in large networks of arteries. We have first focused on one-dimensional models for blood flow and developed novel approaches that take into account the non-Newtonian behavior of blood and the viscoelastic response of the arterial wall. Next, we have proposed a fluid-structure interaction twodimensional blood flow model to capture the complex flow patterns in stenoses and aneurysms unavailable to classical one-dimensional models. Finally, we have applied these models to compute the flow in large arterial networks and to predict the outcome of bypass surgeries
Weibel, Thomas. "Modèles de minimisation d'énergies discrètes pour la cartographie cystoscopique." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00866824.
Full textManchon, Louis. "On the transport of angular momentum in stellar radiative zones in 2D." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASP006.
Full textRotation has important consequences for stellar internal structure and evolution. The centrifugal force deforms the star and balances gravity, mimicking a lower mass star. Most importantly, meridional circulations and rotation-induced turbulence mixes chemical elements, extending the stellar lifetime and affecting age determinations, one of the most important problems in astrophysics. Lastly, the rotation-convection interaction generates magnetic fields. The associated activity has a determining influence on the survival of planetary atmospheres. Asteroseismic data from the space missions CoRoT and Kepler have shown that current 1D models of angular momentum transport in radiative zones (turbulent viscosity and meridional circulation) are not satisfactory. Other mechanisms must be active, such as internal gravity waves, magnetic fields, etc. All models proposed for these mechanisms are incomplete and must, in particular, account for 2D effects. The 1D description of rotation is usually justified by the fact that turbulence is much stronger horizontally than vertically in radiative zones, suppressing variations of angular velocity. This assumption may not be verified at near the rotation axis. Moreover, because internal gravity waves are generated at the base of convective envelopes, the Doppler shift experienced by these waves when they enter the radiative zone should depend on latitude. These waves are further filtered in the transition zone between the convective and radiative zones, a zone that has a strong differential rotation. This PhD is devoted to the implementation in a stellar evolution code of a simplified treatment of transport of angular momentum in 2D. This treatment is based on a deformation method that enables the computation of the 2D structure of the star, as well as the rotation-induced perturbations of the various fields. The transport of angular momentum is then treated in 2D, and will allow the further study of extra mechanisms of transport
Dehais, Christophe. "Contributions pour les applications de réalité augmentée : suivi visuel et recalage 2D. Suivi d'objets 3D représentés par des modèles par points." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7244/1/dehais.pdf.
Full textCarette, Valérie. "Amélioration de la représentation géométrique 2D et 3D des agrégations de poissons en support à l'étude de leur évolution spatio-temporelle." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25876/25876.pdf.
Full textGeographic information systems (GIS) are powerful tools to manage, analyse and represent spatial data. They are used in various disciplines, including marine biology. One of the most important phenomena intensively studied by marine biologists is the dynamics of fish. This is partly because there is an increasing need for sustainable management of fisheries which are very important in the economy of coastal zones. Fish aggregations are a fundamental component of these dynamics and should be better understood to establish efficient recovery strategies in the context of declining aquatic resources. However, the traditional representations of fish aggregations do not model those aggregations explicitly as spatial objects. Moreover, despite many interesting capabilities of current GIS, these tools are unable to handle the tridimensional, dynamic and fuzzy nature of fish aggregations. The main objective of this thesis is to propose new approaches to improve the representation of fish aggregations at the regional and local scales. In 2D, the proposed approach is based on the fuzzy spatial objects models, which are based on the fuzzy sets theory. It uses a vector data structure to delineate the maximal and minimal extents of fish aggregations and a raster data structure to model the gradual transition which exists between these boundaries. In 3D, the proposed approach for the representation of fish aggregations is based on the dynamic Delaunay tetrahedralisation and the 3D α-shapes clustering algorithm. The integrated algorithm allows automatic detection of the fish aggregations contained in a dataset. 3D models also allow amongst other things the study of the morphological properties of the different aggregations. Testing these approaches with fisheries data (e.g. datasets from scientific surveys, acoustic datasets) revealed several benefits and limitations which are discussed throughout this thesis.
Al, Bitar Ahmad. "Modélisation des écoulements en milieu poreux hétérogènes 2D / 3D, avec couplages surface / souterrain et densitaires." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2007. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7712/1/al_bitar.pdf.
Full textBaudour, Alexis. "Détection de filaments dans des images 2D et 3D : modélisation, étude mathématique et algorithmes." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00507520.
Full textChebil, Naziha. "Simulation numérique de l'écoulement tridimensionnel d'une résine dans une préforme stratifiée pour les procédés Liquid Composite Molding (LCM) par des éléments finis coques multicouches." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10171.
Full textIn this study, a new numerical approach called « Multilayer Leakage Model » has been developed for the efficient numerical simulation of the 3D flow by 2D multilayered shell elements in anisotropic multilayer preform with or without a distribution medium. The convergence of the developed approach has been demonstrated by a comparison with a 2D model in the xz plan. The efficiency of the multilayer leakage model versus the 3D model has been quantified. The advantage of the new numerical approach has been verified through industrial part simulations such as the optimization of distribution medium position in a Hi-Tape stiffener, the flow simulation of a boat in VARTM process and the flow analysis of a NCF laminate
Komatitsch, Dimitri. "Méthodes spectrales et éléments spectraux pour l'équation de l'élastodynamique 2D et 3D en milieu hétérogène." Phd thesis, Institut de physique du globe de paris - IPGP, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007568.
Full textDans l'introduction générale, nous définissons les différents types de modèles géophysiques que nous souhaitons étudier, et rappelons l'intérêt qu'il peut y avoir à être capable de calculer le comportement des ondes sismiques dans de telles structures. Nous passons brièvement en revue les différentes techniques de modélisation numérique ordinairement utilisées pour résoudre les problèmes de propagation d'ondes dans de tels milieux, et rappelons sommairement leurs principales caractéristiques ainsi que leurs principales limitations. Les avantages potentiels de l'approche que nous introduisons dans cette thèse sont déduits de ce rapide tour d'horizon.
Dans une première partie, nous rappelons brièvement les lois essentielles de la mécanique des milieux continus et de l'élastodynamique. Nous mentionnons les principaux types d'ondes pouvant exister dans un milieu élastique. Les propriétés particulières des ondes de surface et d'interface dans de tels modèles sont également mentionnées.
Dans une deuxième partie, nous introduisons et validons une méthode pseudo-spectrale globale fondée sur la formulation différentielle tensorielle des équations de l'élastodynamique, adaptée au traitement de géométries déformées et de surfaces non planes. Nous montrons son application à quelques cas simples, nous mettons en évidence des effets intéressants liés à la topographie, mais soulignons aussi ses limitations intrinsèques. Nous en déduisons la nécessité d'utiliser une méthode plus souple que la formulation différentielle classique (différences finies, méthodes spectrales ou pseudo-spectrales) pour le traitement de cas réalistes (typiquement, une méthode variationnelle avec décomposition de domaine).
Dans une troisième partie, constituant le cœur de ce travail de thèse, nous introduisons et développons tant à 2D qu'à 3D une formulation variationnelle d'ordre élevé des équations de l'élastodynamique, dite " méthode des éléments spectraux ", et nous mettons en évidence ses propriétés sur différents problèmes classiques de complexité croissante (problème de Lamb, problème de Garvin, onde de Rayleigh sur une surface courbe...). Puis nous présentons l'application de cette méthode à des modèles 2D et 3D plus complexes, pour lesquels de forts effets liés notamment à la topographie sont mis en évidence. Nous obtenons en particulier de fortes amplifications locales du champ d'accélération et de déplacement dans de tels modèles (effets de site). Dans le cas d'un modèle tridimensionnel, nous montrons que ces effets dépendent fortement de la polarisation du champ incident. L'efficacité de la méthode sur un calculateur parallèle est également discutée et illustrée.
Dans une quatrième partie, nous avons regroupé deux petites études que nous avons menées au cours de nos recherches pour résoudre l'équation des ondes à 1D (ondelettes et volumes finis).
Jibrini, Hassan. "Reconstruction automatique des bâtiments en modèles polyédriques 3-D à partir de données cadastrales vectorisées 2D et d'un couple d'images aériennes à haute résolution." Paris, ENST, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENST0010.
Full textLa, Rochette Hélène de. "Latchup déclenché par ion lourd dans des structures CMOS-1 mum : approche expérimentale, simulation 2D et 3D." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20003.
Full textSambra-Petre, Raluca-Diana. "2D/3D knowledge inference for intelligent access to enriched visual content." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00917972.
Full textBarthélémy, Sébastien. "Assimilation de données ensembliste et couplage de modèles hydrauliques 1D-2D pour la prévision des crues en temps réel. Application au réseau hydraulique "Adour maritime." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015INPT0047/document.
Full textFloods represent a major threat for people and society. Flood forecasting agencies are in charge of floods forecasting, risk assessment and alert to governmental authorities and population. To do so, flood forecasting agencies rely on observations and numerical models. However numerical models and observations provide an incomplete and inexact description of reality as they suffer from various sources of uncertianties. Data assimilation methods consists in optimally combining observations with models in order to reduce both uncertainties in the models and in the observations, thus improving simulation and forecast. Over the last decades, the merits of data assimilation has been greatly demonstrated in the field of hydraulics and hydrology, partly in the context of model calibration or flood forecasting. Yet, the implementation of such methods for real application, under computational cost constraints as well as technical constraints remains a challenge. An other challenge arises when the combining multidimensional models developed over partial domains of catchment. For instance, 1D models describe the mono-dimensional flow in a river while 2D model locally describe more complex flows. Simply chaining 1D and 2D with boundary conditions exchange does not suffice to guarantee the coherence and the continuity of both water level and discharge variables between 1D and 2D domains. The solution lies in dynamical coupling of 1D and 2D models, yet an other challenge when computational cost must be limited. This PhD thesis was funded by Midi-Pyrénées region and the french national agency for flood forecasting SCHAPI. It aims at demonstrating the merits of data assimilation and coupling methods for floof forecasting in the framework of operational application. This thesis is composed of two parts : A first part dealing with data assimilation. It was shown that, under some simplifying assumptions, the Ensemble Kalman filter algorithm (EnKF) can be emulated with a cheaper algorithm : the invariant Kalman filter. The EnKF was then implemented ovr the "Adour maritime" hydraulic network on top of the MASCARET model describing the shallow water equations. It was found that a variance inflation algorithm can further improve data assimlation results with the EnKF. It was shown on synthetical and real cases experiments that data assimilation provides an hydraulic state that is in great agreement with water level observations. As a consequence of the sequential correction of the hydraulic state over time, the forecasts were also greatly improved by data assimilation over the entire hydraulic network for both assimilated and nonassimilated variables, especially for short term forecasts. It was also shown that a probabilistic prediction system relies on the knowledge on the upstream forcings ; A second part focusses on hydraulic models coupling. While the 1D model has a great spatial extension and describes the mono-dimensional flow, the 2D model gives a focus on the Adour-Nive confluence in the Bayonne area. Two coupling methods have been implemented in this study : a first one based on the exchange of the state variables at the liquid boundaries of the models and a second one where the models are superposed. While simple 1D or chained 1D-2D solutions provide an incomplete or discontinuous description of the hydraulic state, both coupling methods provide a full and dynamically coherent description of water level and discharge over the entire 1D-2D domain. On the one hand, the interface coupling method presents a much higher computational cost than the superposition methods but the continuity is better preserved. On the other hand, the superposition methods allows to combine data assimilation of the 1D model and 1D-2D coupling. The positive impact of water level in-situ observations in the 1D domain was illustrated over the 2D domain for a flood event in 2014
Joncour, Cédric. "Problèmes de placement 2D et application à l'ordonnancement : modélisation par la théorie des graphes et approches de programmation mathématique." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00661534.
Full textChebira, Abdennasser. "Détection d'obstacles en temps réel par reconstruction de l'environnement 2d à partir de capteurs infrarouges id : modélisation capteur et scène, représentation d'imprécisions et incertitudes par des modèles probalistes et flous." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA112042.
Full textHassan, Sarah. "Etudes pharmacologiques d'un modèle cellulaire 2D/3D dans le cancer hépato-pancréatique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ037.
Full textLiver and pancreatic cancers are among the most common and aggressive cancers worldwide that are resistant to chemotherapy. The efficacy of anticancer drugs is affected by the activities of metabolic enzymes, transporters and the tumor environment. The aim of my thesis was based on to main objectives: 1) developement of a hepatic cellular model and characterize the underlying mechanisms of modulation of the expression and functionality of transporters and key enzymes involved in the regulation of drug metabolism 2) study the effect of new strategies in vitro by combining anti-cancer drugs with polyphenols in these processes in order to optimize their activities on different cellular models (hepatic and pancreatic) in 2D and 3D cultures. Our results showed that we have developed a new human hepatic cell line derived from HepG2 cells. The novel cell line is a good in vitro model with a capacity of predicting hepatotoxicity of novel drugs with significant differences for chromosomes 5, 17 and 20 and high expression level of CYP450 and transporters (MRP2, MDR1 and OATP1B1). Secondly, our results indicate that the combination of anticancer drugs and polyphenols increased the rate of apoptosis in cancer cells by up regulation of the expression levels of cleaved caspase-3 and the regulator of apoptosis p53. Moreover, our results demonstrated that polyphenols inhibit the efflux activity of MDR1. In addition, our results indicate that the combination of anti-cancer drugs and quercetin down regulated the expression of HIF-1α and increased the expression levels of the cleaved caspase-3 and p53 on human pancreatic and liver cell line cultured in 3D culture. In conclusion, polyphenols may be promising agents for novel combination therapy since they potentialize the cytotoxic activity of anticancer drugs to eradicate cancer and therefore the cellular resistance
Bourgine, Jean-Emile. "Modèles de matrices et problèmes de bord dans la gravité de Liouville." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00541162.
Full textDobigny, Blandine. "Développement d’outils de modélisation et de méthodes pour le contrôle de pneumatiques par ultrasons." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077225.
Full textThis thesis deals with ultrasonic non-destructive testing of tires. More precisely, this work aims to model ultrasonic wave interactions with wires collections that reinforce the tire. The tire is considered as an attenuating medium with several embedded gratings of cylinders. The orientation of each grating may be different but they ail constitute parallel plans. First, the calculation of the field scattered by a unidirectional grating is extended both to the case of an attenuating medium and a plane wave with an arbitrary angle of incidence. The model is used to compare the behaviors of infinite and large finite gratings. We also study a grating with a perturbation and the influence of the incidence angle. Each case is considered in a frequency range below and above the cutoff frequency where the wave field is written as a sum of several plane waves. This decomposition is then used to deal with stacks of gratings. After the decomposition into plane waves, with a shared basis, the fields calculated for each grating are joined to model the interaction between gratings. This approach is validated with a bidirectional array. Finally, experimental validations are conducted on simplified tire-like samples. Through-transmission experiments have shown the grating effects depending on the frequency and the incidence angle. The experimental transmission coefficients have finally been compared to those calculated with the model
Tran, Viet Chi. "Modèles particulaires stochastiques pour des problèmes d'évolution adaptative et pour l'approximation de solutions statistiques." Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00125100.
Full textNezzari, Amar. "Mise en oeuvre de modèles électromagnétiques 2D et 3D utilisant la méthode des différences finies dans le domaine temporel (FDTD) dans l'optique d'études d'éléments de circuits pour l'intégration monolithique millimétrique." Lille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL10105.
Full textDans une troisième et dernière partie, nous décrivons les applications possibles des modèles mis en oeuvre dans l'état actuel de leur développement. Nous y insistons en particulier sur les méthodes adoptées pour résoudre les problèmes de conditions aux limites, conditions de raccordement, conditions aux limites absorbantes et excitation des structures étudiées. Ces modèles permettent actuellement de mettre qualitativement en évidence les phénomènes électromagnétiques dans des guides d'ondes métalliques et des structures de type lignes planaires, en régime d'oscillations entretenues et dans la gamme des longueurs d'ondes millimétriques. Il est d'autre part possible d'extraire différentes grandeurs physiques importantes, telles que l'impédance caractéristique, la longueur d'onde guidée, ou la puissance électromagnétique véhiculée dans la structure. Finalement, nous présentons une comparaison théorie-expérience, consacrée à l'étude d'une transition guide rectangulaire métallique-ligne microruban, à 60 ghz. Cette comparaison est satisfaisante. La validation de nos modèles et les résultats satisfaisants obtenus devraient permettre d'envisager leur application à l'étude de circuits plaques en vue de leur intégration monolithique
Gasc, Laurent. "Conception d'un actionneur à aimants permanents à faibles ondulations de couple pour assistance de direction automobile : approches par la structure et par la commande." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2004. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7375/1/gasc.pdf.
Full textCariou, Arnaud. "Contribution à la caractérisation et la modélisation des matériaux magnétiques doux pour les machines électriques en associant les modèles Play et Loss Surface (LS)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021GRALT002.
Full textThis thesis aims to develop a valid iron loss model for frequency from DC to 2kHz for complex flux density waveforms in one dimension, then extending it in two dimensions. A study about the impact of temperature over the magnetic hysteresis will be conducted
Tartaglia, Alessandro. "Coarsening and percolation in 2d kinetic Ising models, and quench dynamics of the isolated p=2 spherical spin glass model." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS365.
Full textThis thesis is divided into two independent parts. In the first part, we study the early time dynamics of some 2d kinetic Ising models subject to an istantaneous quench from the disordered to the ordered phase. The post-quench relaxation dynamics is realised by means of stochastic spin update rules, of various types, which are simulated numerically through Monte Carlo methods. Measurements of different observables related to the statistical and geometrical properties of ordered domains suggest that the relaxation dynamics approaches a dynamical scaling regime with features ascribed to 2d critical percolation. In all the cases in which the stochastic dynamics satisfies detailed balance, the critical percolation state persists over a very long period of time before usual coarsening of domains takes over and leads the system to equilibrium. In the second part, we study the Hamiltonian dynamics of the 2-spin spherical spin glass model, following a uniform quench of the strength of the disorder. In each case, we consider initial conditions from Gibbs-Boltzmann equilibrium at a given temperature, and subsequently evolve the configurations with Newton dynamics dictated by a new Hamiltonian, obtained from the initial one by a uniform quench of the interaction couplings. We notice that the post-quench dynamics of this model is equivalent to that of the Neumann integrable model, and thus we analyse the integrals of motion, using them to show that the system is not able to reach an equilibrium stationary state à la Gibbs-Boltzmann
Bouzoubaa, Yahya. "Méthodes exactes et heuristiques pour l’optimisation de l’agencement d’un logement : application aux situations de handicap." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0369/document.
Full textAt an application level, this thesis deals with the layout of an accommodation intended for a disabled person. Determining the layout means choosing the position, shape and dimensions of rooms, doors and corridors. It is usually an architect's job but the complexity is such that it is very unlikely that he succeeds in optimally fulfilling all the constraints: first, there are architectural constraints: no room overlapping, sufficient width for the corridors, accessibility to and from any point, mandatory positioning of some rooms on some areas (e.g. water supply and outlet) … Then, there are constraints imposed by disabilities: enlarged corridors (wheelchairs), mandatory daily amount of efforts (fight against aging), reducing the number of steps (severe asthma), moving a room away from shared walls (deafness)... Finally, there are the wishes expressed by the future occupant, such as minimizing some journeys, maximizing the distance between two rooms or fixing a room's orientation. From a formal point of view, our work has consisted, firstly, in developing mathematical models and algorithmic methods to deal with all these constraints and, secondly, in realizing software prototypes applying these concepts. The tools we propose aim either at optimizing a layout previously designed by an architect or at synthesising a layout without any initial suggestions from the architect. Synthesis has been tackled as bin-packing-type problem (known to be NP-hard) but with additional constraints: the objects to be placed (the rooms) have variable sizes and they are submitted to functional constraints. The resolution is based on a first, initially quadratic and then linearized, mixed integer mathematical model. It has been successfully applied to position and dimension the rooms of an accommodation, to determine corridors allowing a full accessibility to all the rooms and to take into account a number of constraints coming from the disabilities of the future occupant. A second mathematical model has been formulated for the positioning of the doors and, finally, a heuristic method has been designed to assign the space used by useless corridors to adjacent rooms. The whole process has been embedded in a fully operational software. The second set of contributions is about the optimization of an existing layout. This task has been tackled through an iterative process, looping on evaluation and modification (improvement) of an accommodation. It has been implemented in four different ways: a metaheuristic (simulated annealing) and three local-search-type methods, which traverse the solution space by using specific definitions of the neighbourhood. This approach has firstly underlined the multicriteria feature of our problem and, secondly, has required the development of many computational geometry algorithms. All this work is integrated in another functional prototype software. To understand the expectations of the scientific, social and professional worlds, this project has implied to take part to various manifestations which were national or regional, in the computer science domain or in others, scientific or non-scientific, organised by various political or non-political organisations working in the field of disabilities and accessibility. This phase has resulted in many reports which have directly fed into the bibliography of this thesis
Burochin, Jean-Pascal. "Segmentation d'images de façades de bâtiments acquises d'un point de vue terrestre." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1064/document.
Full textFacade analysis (detection, understanding and field of reconstruction) in street level imagery is currently a very active field of research in photogrammetric computer vision due to its many applications. This thesis shows some progress made in the field of generic segmentation of a broad range of images that contain one or more facade areas (as a whole or in part).This kind of data is carecterized by a very rich and varied architectural complexity and by problems in lighting conditions and in the choice of a camera's point of view. Workflow genericity is an important issue. One significant constraint is to be as little biased as possible. The approches presented extract the main facade structures based on geometric properties such as alignment and repetitivity. We propose a hierarchic partition of the image contour edges and a detection of repetitive grid patterns based on marked point processes. The facade is set appart from its neighbooring façades and from its environment (the ground, the sky). Some elements such as windows, balconies or wall backgrounds, are extracted in a relevant way, without being recognized. The parameters regulation is done in one step and refers to all architectural styles encountered. The problem originates from most themes such as facade separation, the increase of level of details in 3D city models generated from aerial or satellite imagery, compression or indexation based on geometric primitives (structure grouping and space between them)
Chen, Shangzhi. "Modèle effectif par une approche de Saint-Venant pour les écoulements complexes lors d'inondations urbaines." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAD012/document.
Full textFlooding represents the first natural hazard on each continent, with special concerns are focused on urban flooding for the unprecedented urbanization, which increases the vulnerability of human societies to floods. For the accessing difficulties of real-time data, numerical method seems to be a powerful approach for flood forecasting and damage mitigation. In this thesis, a new software Flood1D2D for urban flood modeling has been proposed using 1D2D coupling mesh, with 1D on the street and 2D applied on the crossroad. The software is designed based on the rig located in ICube Strasbourg and validated using synthetic test cases. The novelty of the model is to account for the recirculation effect using porosity function, and it can reproduce the convexity in water depth profiles along the street downstream each crossroad where a recirculation zone appears, which can't be accounted using roughness only. Variance based sensitivity analysis is also performed for classical 1D and 2D shallow water models for model calibration and data collections