Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modèles à équations structurelles'
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Tami, Myriam. "Approche EM pour modèles multi-blocs à facteurs à une équation structurelle." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT303/document.
Full textStructural equation models enable the modeling of interactions between observed variables and latent ones. The two leading estimation methods are partial least squares on components and covariance-structure analysis. In this work, we first describe the PLS and LISREL methods and, then, we propose an estimation method using the EM algorithm in order to maximize the likelihood of a structural equation model with latent factors. Through a simulation study, we investigate how fast and accurate the method is, and thanks to an application to real environmental data, we show how one can handly construct a model or evaluate its quality. Finally, in the context of oncology, we apply the EM approach on health-related quality-of-life data. We show that it simplifies the longitudinal analysis of quality-of-life and helps evaluating the clinical benefit of a treatment
Nahli, Omar. "Le succès des alliances stratégiques dans le secteur des télécommunications : un modèle d'évaluation avec la méthode des équations structurelles." Toulouse 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU10031.
Full textAlong with the rapid development of technologies, the general globalisation of economic activities and the liberalization and privatisation, the telecommunications sector is undergoing a radical transformation. Many telecommunications operators concluded strategic alliances for different reasons. Alliances, in this sector range considerably in their scopes, motives and achievements. The objective of this research is to better understand the determinants and the process of strategic alliances success. A theoretical model (with four levels of analysis) was proposed and tested in an empirical study of 63 managers from different operators. Results confirm the basic structure of the model, including the mediating role of alliances post formation and the role of contingencies
Abonneau, David. "Retenir les apprentis dans l’entreprise et le métier : enjeux du mentorat dans le secteur de l’artisanat." Thesis, Paris 9, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA090051.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to study the mentoring functions exercised by apprenticeship masters in the craft industry. This issue echoes the difficulties small business leaders may have to retain new staff trained through apprenticeship in a trade suffering from a structural shortage of qualified workforce. Drawing on social exchange theory, this thesis focuses on the impact of mentoring on the intent to leave. Two mechanisms have been identified and empirically explored: the values clarity mechanism and the mediating commitment mechanism. This double mechanism, operating on both the organizational and occupational level, was instrumental in the understanding of how mentoring functions, and the role model activity in particular, have a positive impact on short-term apprentice retention in the business, and long-term retention in the profession. 230 French Compagnons apprentices have been interviewed with questionnaires after 6 months in the business. The collected data has been processed statistically using the structural equation modeling approach
Martin, Nicolas Pierre Yves. "Acceptabilité, acceptation et expérience utilisateur : évaluation et modélisation des facteurs d’adoption des produits technologiques." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN20014/document.
Full textThe understanding of main dimensions influencing the evaluation and adoption of technological product by users is a growing up research field (Yeh & Teng, 2012). Majority of previous research was based on three theories: acceptability/Acceptance (i.e., key variables in product adoption; Dubois & Bobillier- Chaumon, 2010), user experience (i.e., functional and non-functional qualities influencing experience with a product; Hassenzahl, 2004) and affective-motivational factors (i.e., dimensions related to human functioning influencing judgements and behaviors). Nevertheless, to our knowledge, no unified approach was proposed. Thus, the objective of the thesis was to create a new measurement tool linking these theoretical fields. For the purpose, several studies were conducted at several temporalities of user judgment. The results indicated satisfactory psychometrics proprieties for the proposed measurement tool. Moreover, the statistical modeling showed a main effect of perceived usefulness through evaluation time. Lastly, work has been done in order to propose single-items scales, limiting the classical modeling problems with short scales, to facilitate futures experimentations
Dhiaf, Mohamed Mahjoub. "Proposition d'un modèle de mesure de l'impact du total quality management sur la performance globale : cas des entreprises tunisiennes de textile-habillement." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002975.
Full textTreserras, Sébastien. "Études sur la connectivité cérébrale : aspects méthodologiques et applications au cerveau au repos, à la motricité et à la lecture." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1244/.
Full textThe cerebral connectivity implemented in functional neuroimagery, allows to better understand the relations between cortical areas. Two approaches may be used to study these relations: functional and effective connectivity. The present thesis deals about both theory of these methods and theirs applications to various cognitive situations using fMRI. Functional connectivity was chosen to study modification of cerebral activity during the transition from the resting to an activated state. We showed that two networks (resting state network and motor system network) that were independent during the resting state happened to be connected during a movement readiness state. This result suggests that default-mode network plays a role triggering the cognitive network dedicated to perform the task (motor). Effective connectivity was used to describe influences among brain regions. We applied structural equation modeling (SEM) on two different studies: one focused on motor learning and the other on the reading skill. For the first one, we showed that different learning strategies correspond to different modulation of connexions between solicited areas; for the second one we demonstrated that the linguistic load of presented items wad correlated with the connexion weight between Broca area and the left superior parietal lobule. As well as methodologic aspect, this thesis work confirms the potential of an cerebral connectivity analysis in functional neuroimagery studies
Abarar, Ibtissam. "De la coexistence de l’orientation stratégique et de l’orientation marché en entreprise : une quête de performance." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40002.
Full textRecognized as a topic with important implications for executive practice, the contribution of marketing to business strategy management is a fertile topic of investigation. Within this research stream the role of market orientation has deserved special attention. Prior research raised a substantial debate regarding the market orientation capability to influence strategy design. However, few have investigated this interaction effect and little is understood of the business performance implications of market orientation‘s contribution to business strategy formation. This research addresses theseshortfalls in the literature by examining relationships between market orientation and strategic orientation, their interaction effect on performance, and some factors that moderate their effects on performance. In an attempt to address these key issues, this doctoral research presents an empirical investigation. We conducted a survey of 254 senior executives about their practices adopted in their respective firms. We next performed a structural equation modeling analysis. The results highlight many managerial implications for the practitioners
Toti, Boga Jean-François. "Rôle de l'éthique dans le processus de décision d'achat du consommateur et consommation éthique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM2011.
Full textConsumption is part of the mechanisms that allow individuals to distinguish themselves, especially through culture, sports and food practices. Academics found that consumers express their ethics through their consumption choices. However, the definition of ethical consumption remains quite blurred in the field of consumer behavior and its measurement is not always appropriate. We propose in this research to clarify the concepts of consumer’s ethical sensibility (CES) and consumer’s ethical consumption behavior (ECB). Then, we build an appropriate conceptual framework to explore ethics in the field of consumption. First, a qualitative study was conducted with 14 in-depth interviews and then, in a second step, a quantitative data collection was conducted among 559 consumers. The results open interesting perspectives for academics and managers in the field of consumer ethics
Chatti, Houcine. "Les déterminants de succès d'une implantation ERP dans un contexte tunisien." Toulouse 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU10069.
Full textERP system is one of the most important innovations which impacts the business world, by generating improvements as much tangible than intangible in many professional environments. The interest growing for ERP-solutions is explained, thus, by the promises which such systems offer, both for the large companies and SME. Nevertheless, the ERP broad field and the work-flows changes of work which accompany its establishment, increase not only the awaited benefit but also the inherent risks with this type of projects. This constant, let us to focus on the determinants of success and the advantages of adoption of this technology. To answer this questioning, an analysis being referred, on one hand, the process of organisational integration and on the other hand, the literature review inherent in the success evaluation of information systems and the IT impact on organisational performance, made it possible to formulate an original research model for ERP success evaluation following a prospect for IT infrastructure integration. The model, thus suggested, examines, according to a systemic approach, the relation between (1) the ERP acceptance determinants, (2) the effects of the process of ERP systems diffusion, and (3) the impacts awaited on the organisational performance. The empirical validation of this model is carried out through: an exploratory study and a confirmatory analysis. The results obtained underline the preponderance on the one hand control of information and the improvement of the competences use as a benefit of ERP establishment, and on the other hand the quality team project, the definition of the project team mission, the users training, the business processes reengineering and the selection of ERP solution, as determinants of ERP projects success. While contributing to validate certain theoretical and conceptual results former work, these results offers to the companies a framework of the evaluation of ERP project success making it possible to justify this kind of investment and to evaluate its repercussions
Vuillermoz, Cécile. "Conditions de vie, état de santé et recours aux soins des femmes sans logement personnel hébergées en Ile-de-France." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066108/document.
Full textSocial sciences and public health research conducted mainly in North America, since the 1980s, have shown that homelessness has a significant impact on health, physical conditions and psychological health of families without housing. In France, quantitative studies on homeless women were scarce until the realization of the ENFAMS survey in Paris region in 2013.Based on data from this survey, we showed that, although younger than women in the general population, the health of homeless women is worse, especially with regards to their mental health and nutritional status. Despite their poor health, homeless women have less access to health care than women in the general population. Our research has highlighted the importance of gynecological follow-up in accessing women's cancer screening since the proportion of women who were screened for cervical cancer was twice as high among women with follow-up than among women without follow-up. We have also shown that in the French context of universal health coverage and numerous social safety nets, we do not find the classic associations between unmet health care needs and financial resources or health insurance status.Primary care professionals need to rely on windows of opportunity provided by each of their contact with health care services to make them benefit from cancer screening. Strategies to improve the access to health care of these women must not only aim to remove financial barriers
Pinto, Coelho Joaquim José Vieira. "Les facteurs psychosociaux de l'efficacité organisationnelle : étude comparée des mairies portugaises." Metz, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2004/Pinto_Coelho.Joaquim.Jose.Vieira.LMZ0408_1.pdf.
Full textThis research required to examine variables that influence the organizational efectiveness in local government services. The mayoralty was used the unity of analysis and 92 mayors and 236 directors in 109 municipalities in Portugal participated in this study. The latent variables mayor's extensive leadership (G), strategic oriented leadership (S) and risk predisposed leadership R, director's satifaction and commitment, trust and cooperation climate were operationalized using factor analysis. Through structural equations modeling the research revealed significant positive mediate relationship between : G and satifaction, G and cooperation, S and commitment, S and trust, R and satisfaction, satisfaction and commitment and commitment and trust. Signicant negative mediate relatinship was found between G and commitment ; and a one hand, between R and, on the other, trust and cooperation. Direct effects from trust to overall perceived effectiveness and to level of investments execution rate were found. Financial indicators were not found to be significantly explained by the model. Significant differences for mayors and directors were found in the relation between G and satisfaction, R and satisfaction, S end trust and commitment and trust. Mayoralties supported by right and left ideologies were found to have significantly different perceptions between R and cooperation. Also, significant differences for lower and upper economic level municipalities were found between R satifaction and between R and cooperation. Behavioral styles of mayor are proposed and analyzed their effectiveness. The model was specified for others factors of leadership as perceived by the directors
Cally, Jean Romain. "La certitude des consommateurs : concept et analyse des effets dans le cas de la nationalité de la marque." Thesis, La Réunion, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LARE0029/document.
Full textTo communicate effectively, marketers need to know the process according to which consumers perceive and choose brands. Within these processes, consumer certainty plays an important role, particularly in the determinacy of product items. In this thesis, this role is analyzed through a variable that globalization contributes both to distort and amplify: brand's nationality. Data analysis and statistics indicates: The « mediating » effect of attitude toward the brand, which indicates "how" the country's image and certainty can influence consumer purchase intentions, The « moderating » effect of certainty of belief, which indicates "When" consumers can use an image of the « country of origin » in a decision process. Managerial and theoretical implications are discussed, so that managers can monitor the nationality associated with their brands and avoid negative effects for the company
Demeyer, Séverine. "Approche bayésienne de l'évaluation de l'incertitude de mesure : application aux comparaisons interlaboratoires." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00585727.
Full textJakobowicz, Emmanuel. "Contributions aux modèles d'équations structurelles à variables latentes." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00207990.
Full textDenis-Vidal, Lilianne. "Identification d'un système biochimique, modélisation et contrôle d'un système de réacteurs." Compiègne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993COMPD640.
Full textLebon, Louis Fred. "L'implication dans les enquêtes par internet : concepts et modélisation par les équations structurelles." La Réunion, 2003. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/03_02_Lebon.pdf.
Full textDemeyer, Séverine. "Approche bayésienne de l'évaluation de l'incertitude de mesure : application aux comparaisons interlaboratoires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CNAM0750.
Full textStructural equation modelling is a widespread approach in a variety of domains and is first applied here to interlaboratory comparisons in metrology. Structural Equation Models with latent variables (SEM) are multivariate models used to model causality relationships in observed variables (the data). It is assumed that data can be grouped into separate blocks each describing a latent concept modelled by a latent variable. The correlation structure of the observed variables is transferred into the correlation structure of the latent variables. A Bayesian approach of SEM is proposed based on the analysis of the correlation matrix of latent variables using parameter expansion to overcome identifiability issues and improving the convergence of the Gibbs sampler. SEM is used as a powerful and flexible tool to model measurement bias with the aim of improving the reliability of the consensus value and its associated uncertainty in a fully Bayesian framework. The approach also allows to compute the contributions of the observed variables to the bias of the laboratories, under additional hypotheses. More generally a global Bayesian framework is proposed to improve the quality of measurements. The approach is illustrated on the structural equation modelling of measurement bias in interlaboratory comparisons in environment
Guiard, Cédric. "Modèles de surfaces déformables définis et contraints par un ensemble d'informations structurelles." Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX22017.
Full textMadelaine, Guillaume. "Simplifications exactes et structurelles de réseaux de réactions biologiques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10015/document.
Full textSystem biology aims at understanding and analyzing biological systems using mathematical and computational models. The explosion of the number of experimental data leads to larger and larger models. In order to be able to easily analyze them and quickly simulate them, it is necessary to be able to simplify them. In this thesis, we propose simplification methods for biochemical reaction networks. These methods are sufficiently rich to be able to simplify an important number of networks from biological applications. They are contextual, allowing to consider a network as a sub-module of a larger model, and to simplify it without modifying the behavior of the global model. Finally, our simplifications are sound, meaning that they preserve the semantics of the networks. Firstly, we are interested in a non deterministic semantics, based on the capability to converge to some attractors of the network. Then we study some simplifications for the deterministic semantics, allowing for instance to remove intermediate species at steady-state. Finally, we are interested by the confluence of this simplification, as well as the relation between the elimination of intermediate species and the computation of the elementary modes of a network
Pousson, Jeanna-Eve. "Déterminants du recours au dépistage du cancer du col de l'utérus chez les femmes obèses The determinants of cervical cancer screening uptake in women with obesity : application of the Andersen's behavioral model to the CONSTANCES survey Patterns of gynaecological check-up and their association with body mass index within the CONSTANCES cohort." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS035.
Full textUsing data from the Constances cohort, this work allowed to better understand the cervical cancer screening (CCS) uptake amongst obese women by determining the precise role played by their health status and healthcare use, including primary care follow-up and gyneacological check-up. We highlighted that the health status of obese women played a complex role in their participation in CCS: it could be a barrier or a lever. Existing comorbidities were linked to better CCS. This is the result of a quality primary care monitoring but also probably of the woman’s desire to take care of her health. A severe obesity was linked to a lower participation in CCS, whether the woman visited a gynaecologist or not. The gynaecological check-up (characterized with gynaecological cancers screening uptake and visits to the gynaecologist over four years) was described among all women. While normal weight women were often more involved in overscreening, obese women’s gynaecological check-up was more heterogeneous. The differences in the patterns according to BMI were in part explained by the lower socioeconomic situation of obese women when compared to the other women
Favier, Aurélie. "Décompositions fonctionnelles et structurelles dans les modèles graphiques probabilistes appliquées à la reconstruction d'haplotypes." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1527/.
Full textThis thesis is based on two topics : the decomposition in graphical models which are, among others, Bayesian networks and cost function networks (WCSP) and the haplotype reconstruction in pedigrees. We apply techniques of WCSP to treat Bayesian network. We exploit stuctural and fonctional properties, in an exact and approached methods. Particulary, we define a decomposition of function which produces functions with a smaller variable number. An application example in optimization is the haplotype reconstruction. It is essential for a best prediction of seriousness of disease or to understand particular physical characters. Haplotype reconstruction is represented with a Bayesian network. The functionnal decomposition allows to reduce this Bayesian network in an optimization problem WCSP (Max-2SAT)
Rimaux, Stéphane. "Étude des propriétés structurelles de certaines classes de systèmes physiques non linéaires modélisés par bond graph." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10141.
Full textBodin, Julie. "Déterminants professionnels des troubles musculo-squelettiques de l'épaule : intérêt de la prise en compte des facteurs organisationnels Forms of work organization and their associations with shoulder disorders: results from a French working population. Risk factors for shoulder pain in French workers: A Structural Equation Model." Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0086.
Full textMusculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) represent one of the most worrying issues in occupational health. They bear witness to the intensification of working conditions which affects an increasing number of workers. The aim of this thesis was to study the complex relationships between occupational factors and shoulder disorders, with attention paid to organizational factors. Three working populations were studied : the Cosali cohort, one automobile company and one pharmaceutical company. The study of the organizational characteristics of work situations by ascendant hierarchical clustering of variables and individuals of the Cosali cohort identified a Taylorist form of work organization. Among these employees, shoulder disorders were more frequent. Structural equation modeling has shown that organizational factors are distal determinants of MSDs by influencing exposure to psychosocial and physical factors, while exposure to physical factors in turn influences shoulder pain. The application of the methodology to the two populations of automotive and pharmaceutical companies confirmed the relevance of the Cosali model. In conclusion, organizational factors are key determinants of the onset of shoulder disorders by cascading the conditions of exposure to the psychosocial and physical factors that workers face. This original epidemiological knowledge improves understanding of the chain of determinants of MSDs and will contribute to the targeting of prevention interventions on modifiable occupational determinants
Dolbeault, Jean. "Analyse de modèles de la physique mathématique." Paris 9, 1991. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1991PA090013.
Full textEraydin, Ersin. "Domaine de validité des équations de la dynamique du vol : découplage." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ESAE0003.
Full textGarnier, Jimmy. "Analyse mathématique de modèles de dynamique des populations : équations aux dérivées partielles paraboliques et équations intégro-différentielles." Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00755296.
Full textMotsch, Sébastien. "Modélisation mathématique des déplacements d'animaux et dérivation de modèles macroscopiques." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/841/.
Full textThe modeling of animals displacements can occur at two different scales. One may either describes the trajectories of each individual using the so-called individual based models (at a "microscopic" scale), or we can describe the dynamics of the all group with "macroscopic" quantities (density, flux. . . ). In this thesis, we want to connect these two descriptions, the microscopic and the macroscopic scale. Therefore, we can link individual and global dynamics. In a first part, we have introduced a new model for fish displacement called "Persistent Turning Walker" (PTW) based on experimental data. We have given two methods to derive a diffusion equation from this model, a method using tools from functional analysis and a second method using probabilistic tools. The originality of the PTW model mainly relies in the use of curvature to describe individual displacement, this novelty has been used to extend other types of models and to analyse experimental trajectories. In a second part, we have studied the so-called Vicsek model which is an individual based model widespread used in the modeling of animals displacements. We have derived for the first time a macroscopic model from this model (a non-conservative hyperbolic system with a geometric constraint). The numerical simulations of the macroscopic model obtained have shown the relevance of the macroscopic model to describe the microscopic dynamics of the Vicsek model at large scales. Key words : Mathematical biology, Individual based model, Stochastic diffential equation, Kinetic equation, Asymptotic analysis, Diffusion approximation, Hyperbolic systems
Betoue, Etoughe Marthe. "Homogénéisation partielle des modèles discrets." Saint-Etienne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STET4016.
Full textThe discrete structures appear in atomistic models. Homogenization methods and multi-scale methods are developped in order to reduce the computation cost of systems with great number of algebric equations. We are interesting in discrete models having strong variation of the coefficients in a thin layer near the boundary. Our approach, founded on asymptotic partial domain decomposition, proposes to keep a discrete description of the field (generally a finite difference scheme) in the thin layer and to pass to a continuum model (for example a partial differential equation) in the main domain. We suggest interface conditions which give small differences between discrete solutions and their semi-discrete approximations
Joussemet, Magali. "Sur la construction de modèles d'endommagement avec gradient." Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2303.
Full textSei, Alain. "Etude de schémas numériques pour des modèles de propagation d'ondes en milieux hétérogènes." Paris 9, 1991. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1991PA090029.
Full textZakoian, Jean-Michel. "Modèles autorégressifs à seuil de séries chronologiques." Paris 9, 1990. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1990PA090014.
Full textAndaloussi, Chafik. "Propriétés structurelles des systèmes linéaires à paramètres variant dans le temps : approche bond-graph." Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ECLI0004.
Full textThis thesis aims at the study of the structural properties on the bond-graph models. The principal motivation is to contribute to the resolution of the problems related on the study of the structural properties and calculation of the inverse system of a LTV system using of the properties and the advantages offered by a graphical representation such as the bond-graph. These problems are approached in the case of linear bond-graphs models with time varying parameters and the adequate tools were proposed. To achieve these goals, new concepts and tools were introduced. In particular, defining the concept of noncommutative bond-graph ring, a new gain rule known under the name of “Riegle rule” is introduced in bond-graph. In addition, thanks to the introduction of the notion of the differential algebra and using of the operators (delta and sigma), it became possible to graphically calculate the terms of the matrices of commandability/observability by using appropriate rules based on calculation length of the causal paths inputs-states/states-outputs. It is also shown that the graphic rules of the study of the infinite structure remain applicable in a bond-graph ring. Finally, to go further in the introduction of the algebra tool and modules to the bond-graphs, the study of the properties of inversibility of a bond-graph ring model was approached. In this context and basing on the disjoint input-output causal paths notion, it is possible to make an analysis of the inversibility directly from its BG model. It is also shown that the bicausality concept and graphic determination of the differential parameterization by using the rule of Riegle are made possible
Chevance, David. "Résolution numérique des équations différentielles stochastiques rétrogrades." Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX11080.
Full textChmaycem, Ghada. "Étude des équations des milieux poreux et des modèles de cloques." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1080/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we study two completely independent problems. The first one focuses on a simple mathematical model of thin films delamination and blistering analysis. In the second one, we are interested in the study of the porous medium equation motivated by seawater intrusion problems. In the first part of this work, we consider a simple one-dimensional variational model, describing the delamination of thin films under cooling. We characterize the global minimizers, which correspond to films of three possible types : non delaminated, partially delaminated (called blisters), or fully delaminated. Two parameters play an important role : the length of the film and the cooling parameter. In the phase plane of those two parameters, we classify all the minimizers. As a consequence of our analysis, we identify explicitly the smallest possible blisters for this model. In the second part, we answer a long standing open question about the existence of new contractions for porous medium type equations. For m>0, we consider nonnegative solutions U(t,x) of the following equationU_t=Delta U^m.For 0
Tort, Jacques. "Problèmes inverses pour des équations paraboliques issues de modèles de climat." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1649/.
Full textThis work aims at solving inverse issues in semilinear parabolic equations derived from the Budyko-Sellers climate model, which represents the evolution of the Earth's surface temperature during a long time period. A first step consists in studying an inverse problem in a one dimensional degenerate model on a meridian. In order to understand the consequences of boundary degeneracies, we have first investigated a one dimensional linear degenerate equation. We prove various Lipschitz stability results in the determination of a source term and a diffusive constant. We also solve an approximate controllability issue, putting a control at the degenerate boundary point. Eventually, we prove two Lipschitz stability results in the determination of the so-called insolation function, in both cases of the semilinear model on a meridian and the general semilinear equation posed on the Earth's surface
Zhang, Lei. "Modélisation, analyse, et simulation d'écoulements en thermohydraulique par modèles 6 équations." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLN020/document.
Full textCurrently, there is a strong industrial need for sophisticated physical models such as the two-phase model with 6 equations or multi-field models for the thermo-hydraulic calculation of nuclear reactor components. In addition, the system code CATHARE of CEA, one of the most utilized system codes at the international level, employs a two-phase 6 equations and a semi-implicit numerical scheme of ICE type on staggered grids. The code CATHARE is known for its robustness in a wide range of flow configurations. Drawing on the experience of CATHARE, we propose to implement a collocated finite volume pressure based scheme. The aim is to obtain a decentering of flux which ensures the robustness of the scheme while keeping good accuracy. In addition, being able to use collocated grids (structured or unstructured) can handle different complex configurations. The scheme should conserve exactly the mass and energy and the numerical solution needs to converge when the mesh is refined. The scheme should be able to handle cases of phase appearance and disappearance, for example in the case of boiling column where phase change is due to heat transfer, the case of nozzles with phase change due to a widening or abrupt narrowing, or phase separation by gravity. In addition the scheme should be capable of calculation configurations at low Mach number. The purpose is to develop a co-located Finite Volume method (in the spirit of Ghidaglia et al.) And direction of investigation is build on work of Jeong et al. which led to CUPID code. References: Ghidaglia, J. M., Kumbaro, A., & Le Coq, G. (2001). On the numerical solution to two fluid models via a cell centered finite volume method. European Journal of Mechanics-B/Fluids, 20(6), 841-867. Jeong, J. J., Yoon, H. Y., Cho, H. K., Kim, J., & Park, I. K. (2008). A semi-implicit numerical scheme for a transient two-fluid three-field model on an unstructured grid. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 35(5), 597-605
Barbieri, Antoine. "Méthodes longitudinales pour l’analyse de la qualité de vie relative à la santé en cancérologie." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTS026/document.
Full textThe health-related quality of life is a major objective in oncology clinical trials to improve patients’ care and better evaluate the impact of the treatments on their everyday life. Auto-questionnaires are usually used to measure this endpoint. In this work, different statistical models for the longitudinal analysis of health-related quality of life in oncology are proposed and applied to clinical trial data. First, we present different models derived from the item response theory (IRT) to achieve a longitudinal analysis directly on raw data (multi-response outcomes) for each dimension. Within the generalized linear mixed model background, a conceptual selection of the IRT models concluded that the graded response model seems to be the most suitable. Then, we propose a structural equation model which allows taking into account the multidimensional nature of data at each time and the longitudinal aspect induced by the repeated measurements. At each measurement time, the model allows to link all the observed variables issued from the questionnaire given explanatory variables. Two factors are estimated, each summarizing a set of observed variables. The longitudinal analysis is performed on the global health status and on the factors, thus reducing the number of tests. Finally, an approach based on a mixture of mixed models is used to obtain latent classes from quality of life trajectories. The approach has resulted in the identification of homogeneous subpopulations and their latent trajectory according to specific patient profiles
Ponsignon, Jean-Charles. "Réduction fuchsienne et modèles stellaires." Thesis, Reims, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REIMS046/document.
Full textThe object of this thesis is the study of a non linear differential equation stemming from a stellar model. After reduction and unknowns changes and variables, we achieve to an analytic second member in each of the problem variables and well chosen functions. Then we show that the solutions can be described in a space of absolute convergent series. This theorem of existence will be used as an elementary brick to a nearby method of Fuchsian reduction. The objective was to obtain a development which elicits arbitrary various constants inherent to this type of equations
Darblade, Gilles. "Méthodes numériques et conditions aux limites pour les modèles Shallow-Water multicouches." Bordeaux 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR10588.
Full textSy, Mamadou. "Effets des termes diffusifs sur des modèles diphasiques et un modèle géophysique." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CLF21563.
Full textSivera, Raphaël. "Modélisation et mesure de l'évolution morphologique du cerveau à partir d'IRM structurelles pour l'étude des maladies neurodégénératives." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4082.
Full textIn medical imaging, the statistical analysis of deformations enables the characterization of the effects of neurodegenerative diseases on the brain morphology. Deformations are able to capture precise changes but their analysis raises specific methodological challenges and the results may be difficult to interpret. The objective of this thesis is to present deformation-based methods and to show applications that contribute towards a better clinical interpretation of morphological changes. In the first part, we introduce a joint model of the effects of normal aging and Alzheimer’s disease on the brain morphology. The model proposes a simple description of both processes and is used to generate realistic and personalized evolutions under several diagnosis conditions. In the second part, a morphometric study is conducted on the MAPT cohort. We bring out an effect of the multidomain intervention on the longitudinal deformation of the brain using multivariate statistics. This effect is not observable using clinical assessments or volumetric measures, but we show that the differences associated with the treatment are correlated with better cognitive performance. The third part extends the statistical methodology used in the second part. A complete hypothesis testing framework for multivariate images is presented. It generalizes existing non-parametric frameworks and requires few hypothesis on the data to be applied. Finally the last part builds on the methodology of the previous sections to explore the relation between morphology and cognition in elderly subjects. The spatial correlations and the patterns of evolution described in this section suggest the existence of several dynamics of evolutions that are associated with specific cognitive changes
Tine, Léon Matar. "Analyse mathématique et numérique de modèles de coagulation-fragmentation." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10147/document.
Full textThis thesis concerns the mathematical and numerical analysis of the asymptotic behavior of some coagulation-fragmentation type models arising in physics or in biology.In the first part we consider the Lifshitz-Slyozov system that models the dumping of a population of macro-particles in interaction with a bath of monomers. This model develops in long time a behavior depending in a very particular way on the initial data abd its technical specificities make a real challenge for the numerical simulation. We introduce a new numerical finite volume type scheme based on an anti-dissipative strategy; this scheme succeeds in capturing the asymptotic profiles waited by the theory and exceeds in performances the methods used before. The numerical investigation ispursued by taking into account in the model the phenomena of coalescence between macro-particles through the Smoluchowski operator. The question is to find by numerical experiment how these phenomena influence the asymptotic behavior. We also consider an extension of the classical Lifshitz-Slyozov model which takes into account the spatial effects via the diffusion of monomers. We establish the existence and the uniqueness of the solutions of the corresponding hyperbolic-parabolic coupled system.The second part of this thesis deals with approaches coagulation-fragmentation models stemming from biology. Indeed, we are interest in equations describing the phenomena of growth and division for a celles population caracterised by its size density repartition. The asymptotic behavior of this size density repartition is accessible to the experiment and can be established in theory. The biological stake consists, from measured data of the cellular density, to estimate the cellular division rate which is not experimentally measurable. So, to find this cellular division rate requires the study of an inverse problem which we approach numerically and theoretically by techniques of regularizations by quasi-reversibility and by filtering.This third part of this thesis work is devoted to coupled systems describing fluid-particles interactions with coagulation-fragmentation terms of Becker-Döring type. We study the stability properties of the model and we present some asymptotic results corresponding to the regime with strong friction force
Li, Weiyu. "Quelques contributions à l'estimation des modèles définis par des équations estimantes conditionnelles." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S065/document.
Full textIn this dissertation we study statistical models defined by condition estimating equations. Many statistical models could be stated under this form (mean regression, quantile regression, transformation models, instrumental variable models, etc.). We consider models with finite dimensional unknown parameter, as well as semiparametric models involving an additional infinite dimensional parameter. In the latter case, we focus on single-index models that realize an appealing compromise between parametric specifications, simple and leading to accurate estimates, but too restrictive and likely misspecified, and the nonparametric approaches, flexible but suffering from the curse of dimensionality. In particular, we study the single-index models in the presence of random censoring. The guiding line of our study is a U-statistics which allows to estimate the unknown parameters in a wide spectrum of models
Mourier, Pierre. "Cosmologie inhomogène relativiste : modèles non perturbatifs et moyennes spatiales des équations d’Einstein." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1116/document.
Full textIn the standard model of cosmology, the global dynamics of the Universe is modelled via a highly symmetric background spacetime with homogeneous and isotropic spatial sections. The coupling of the homogeneous fluid sources to the overall expansion is then determined by the Einstein equations of General Relativity. In addition, the formation of inhomogeneous matter structures is described either via a relativistic perturbation scheme assuming small deviations of all fields to the prescribed homogeneous background, or using Newtonian dynamics within the same expanding background, depending on the scale and epoch. However, the interpretation of observations within this model calls for an unexpectedly accelerated expansion requiring a poorly-understood `Dark Energy' component, in addition to Dark Matter. Inhomogeneous cosmology aims at relaxing the restrictions of these models on the geometry and sources while staying within the framework of General Relativity. It can allow, in particular, for an improved modelling of the formation of structures accounting for strong deviations from homogeneity in the matter distribution and the geometry. It can also study the dynamical consequences, or backreaction effects, of the development of such inhomogeneities on the expansion of larger scales. Such a backreaction may then reproduce, at least partially, the behaviours attributed to Dark Energy or Dark Matter. During my PhD under the direction of Thomas Buchert, I have been working on several analytical aspects of general-relativistic inhomogeneous cosmology. I present below the results of collaborations in which I played a major role in the context of the PhD. I first focussed on the expression of a relativistic Lagrangian approximation scheme for the description of the local dynamics of structures up to a nonlinear regime in irrotational perfect barotropic fluids. I then considered the effective description of inhomogeneous fluids with vorticity and a general energy-momentum tensor in terms of two possible schemes of spatial averaging. These schemes are applicable to any choice of spatial hypersurfaces of averaging, providing for each choice a set of effective evolution equations, featuring several backreaction terms, for an averaging region comoving with the sources. This allows for a qualitative discussion of the dependence of the average equations and backreactions on the foliation choice. I also studied the rewriting of such averaging schemes and evolution equations under a unified and manifestly 4-covariant form. This latter result will allow for a more explicit investigation of foliation dependence
Fontes, Mathieu. "Propriétés mathématiques de modèles géophysiques pour l'absorption des ondes : Application aux conditions de bords absorbants." Pau, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PAUU3014.
Full textOne of the methods for the numerical simulation of waves propagation in unbounded domains consists in limiting the computational domain either by introducing artificial boundary conditions (ABC's) or by using perfectly matched layers (PML) in this work, we study mathematical properties of models which utilize PML and/or ABC's for electromagnetic and elastic waves
Rainero, Sophie. "Sur les propriétés des solutions d'équations différentielles stochastiques rétrogrades à horizon aléatoire ou déterministe. Principes de grandes déviations et applications à des problèmes de perturbations singulières pour des équations aux dérivées partielles non linéaires." Paris 9, 2006. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2006PA090008.
Full textWe prove large deviations principles for solutions of forward-backward stochastic differential equations with determinist terminal time, and we give an application of these results to the theory of credit risk management. We also study the existence, uniqueness and stability of solutions of backward stochastic differential equations with random terminal time under new assumptions. We establish large deviations principles for the solutions of such equations, related to a family of Markov processes, the diffusion coefficient of which tends to zero. We deduce from these results some theorems of convergence of solutions of non linear partial differential equations, elliptic and parabolic, which extend Freidlin and Wentzell's
Laire-Peirano, André de. "Quelques problèmes liés à la dynamique des équations de Gross-Pitaevskii et de Landau-Lifshitz." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066513.
Full textChoquet, Catherine. "Analyse de modèles d'écoulements en milieu poreux hétérogène." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF21392.
Full textBennis, Anne-Claire. "Étude de quelques modèles de turbulence pour l'océanographie." Rennes 1, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00343712.
Full textThe ocean is fundamentaly turbulent and it is essential to modelize the oceanic turbulence in order to improve the understanding of its effects. In this work, turbulence models for the ocean are theoretically and numerically studied. In the first part, we present a brief state of art on URANS (Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes) and LES (Large Eddy Simulation) turbulence models. In the second part, URANS models are studied. We present a new model whose the existence and uniqueness of the stationary solution we show. Moreover, we show that the new model can be used to study the turbulence induced by the wind stress when we have convective phenomenons which is not true for the Pacanowski-Philander and Gent models. In the third part, LES models are studied. We adapt the "Leray-deconvolution" model to the ocean/atmosphere boundary conditions. We introduce, for this, a continuous deconvolution equation whose its solution as convective velocity in "Leray-deconvolution" model we set. So, we consider a new LES model called deconvolution model. We notably show that the solution of the deconvolution model converges to a dissipative solution of the Navier-Stokes equations. We numerically validate the deconvolution model thanks to DNS (Direct Numerical Simulation) results for 2D cases with and without bathymetry
Etienne, Damien. "Contribution à l'analyse mathématique de modèles stratigraphiques." Pau, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PAUU3013.
Full textThis work deals with the study of a stratigraphic model for the building of geological basins with a weather-limited rate. In order to make the weather-limited rate possible, we have to regulate the parameter α in the maximal monotonous graph of the Heaviside function of ðu/ðt + E, where E is a positive function. The theoritical analysis is composed of two parts. First, we estimate thanks to the knowledge of the solution ư. We expose a solution for the 2-D case using the stream function. Other examples using a travelling wave method show us that α is degenerated and discontinuous and that we will have to take into account the convexity of the initial condition. The second part studies a new hyperbolic-degenerated formulation including the continuity equation and the weather-limited rate condition. One of our difficulties proving the existence of the solution (α,ư) is the presence of two weak-convergences. So, we treat the 1-D case which allows us to build the solution through suitable initial data. The study establishes that the flux limitator α is the indicator function of a set of finite perimeter. We conclude this study by presenting some open problems and research outlooks