Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modèles de déformations'
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Roussillon, Pierre. "Modèles de cycles normaux pour l'analyse des déformations." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB073/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we develop a second order model for the representation of shapes (curves or surfaces) using the theory of normal cycles. The normal cycle of a shape is the current associated with its normal bundle. Introducing kernel metrics on normal cycles, we obtain a dissimilarity measure between shapes which takes into account curvature. This measure is used as a data attachment term for a purpose of registration and shape analysis by deformations. Chapter 1 is a review of the field of shape analysis. We focus on the setting of the theoretical and numerical model of the Large Deformation Diffeomorphic Metric Mapping(LDDMM).Chapter 2 focuses on the representation of shapes with normal cycles in a unified framework that encompasses both the continuous and the discrete shapes. We specify to what extend this representation encodes curvature information. Finally, we show the link between the normal cycle of a shape and its varifold. In chapter 3, we introduce the kernel metrics, so that we can consider normal cycles in a Hilbert space with an explicit scalar product. We detail this scalar product for discrete curves and surfaces with some kernels, as well as the associated gradient. We show that even with simple kernels, we do not get rid of all the curvature informations. The chapter 4 introduces this new metric as a data attachment term in the framework of LDDMM. We present numerous registrations and mean shape estimation for curves and surfaces. The aim of this chapter is to illustrate the different properties of normal cycles for the deformations analysis on synthetic and real examples
Gerbault, Muriel. "Modélisation numérique de la naissance des déformations localisées : exemple du flambage lithosphérique." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20025.
Full textGermain, Jacques. "Contribution à l'étude du champ de déformations par granularité laser en élastoplasticité grandes déformations." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20223.
Full textYoussef, Hiba. "Modélisation viscoplastique pour les déformations et les évolutions des textures dans les polycristaux : Homogénéisation par une loi intermédiaire." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR13016.
Full textDetraux, Jean-Michel. "Formulations et applications en grandes déformations des solides." Compiègne, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985COMPI199.
Full textDumais, Simon. "Modélisation de la consolidation au dégel à grandes déformations." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37552.
Full textThis thesis presents the development of an engineering method for the modelling of large strain nonlinear thaw consolidation. The work presented herein follows existing thaw consolidation theories and models. The foundations of one-dimensional thaw consolidation theory are therefore used. First, a numerical model for large strain nonlinear thaw consolidation is formulated by combining the Gibson large strain consolidation theory to heat transfer equations. The two components are coupled in a modelling domain formulated in Lagrangian coordinates that adapts to the soil deformation. This results in the introduction of a second moving boundary at the soil surface to model thaw consolidation in addition to the moving boundary at the thaw front. The model uses nonlinear σʹv – e – kv relationships to define the properties of thawed soils. A case study of the Inuvik experimental pipeline with the numerical model is presented. The case study demonstrates the use of the model for a practical problem and it is used to validate the model. The modelling results are compared to the results obtained with the small strain linear thaw consolidation theory and with the field data. The results obtained with the large strain nonlinear model for thaw settlement, the rate of thaw settlement and the excess pore pressures compare favourably with the field data. Second, a conceptual model for thaw consolidation of thawed fine-grained soils is proposed. The model is used to define the characteristics of the nonlinear σʹv – e – kv relationships used as input for the numerical modelling of thaw consolidation. The concept of the residual stress is generalized to ice rich soils by specifying that it is the effective stress within the soil element rather than the effective stress of the bulk soil. Then, empirical relationships are formulated to determine the characteristics of the σʹv – e – kv relationships as a function of the initial thawed void ratio and soil index properties.
Labzae, Allal. "Modèle de calcul des déformations viscoplastiques des brames dans la coulée de l'acier." Metz, 1988. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1988/Labzae.Allal.SMZ8824.pdf.
Full textThe calculations are based on the equation of Norton-Hoff for viscoplasticity and on different variants of this equation
Giton, Martial. "Contribution de l'analyse locale des déformations à l'étude de la déchirure d'un élastomère silicone." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20232.
Full textJaar, Frédéric. "Reconstruction 3D à l'aide de surfaces à déformations libres." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOS054.
Full textGayral, Victor. "Déformations isospectrales non compactes et théorie quantique des champs." Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX11002.
Full textSchreiber, Dimitri. "Modélisations géométriques 3D et champs de déformations dans les Alpes du Sud." Nice, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NICE4115.
Full textWe present the results of an integrated geological study which combine geological mapping and structural analysis, 3D geometrical modelling and geophysical modelling in order to characterize the superposed strain patterns of the Southwestern Alps at various scales. We propose 3D geometrical models of some remarkable sedimentary basins (Cretaceous South-East basin, Paleogene foreland basins of the Arc de Nice, Miocene basin of Roquebune-Cap-Martin) and of the Moho topography in the Southwestern Alps. These results support the following tectonic history : The tectonic and sedimentary evolution of the Southern subalpine chains during late Cretaceous times is ascribed to a submeridian crustal shortening coeval with eht Pyrenean-Provence de formation phase and the initiation of the subduction of the Alpine Tethys. The Nummulitic transgression which took place in the Southern subalpine chain followed an emersion period generalized to the whole European platform at the end of the late Creataceous. The return of the Overlapping Tertiary sedimentation is controlled by the northeastward underthrusting of the foreland below the alpine collision wedge. The resulting crustal shortening lead to buckle folding and flexuring of the alpine foreland? The related synclines are filled by the syn-orogenic sedimentary sequence of the late Eocène trilogy. This deformation (D1), active until Chattian ages, lead to the appearance of N140° striking folds, in the present-day, to the exhumation of the Argentera-Mercantour crystalline massif. This tectonic feature lead to the down-sliding of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary cover toward the south and the deformation of the Pliocene mollasic basin of the Var valley. At crustal scale, the finite strain partitioning observed in the Southern subalpine chains, from Eocene time to present-day is controlled at depth by the indentation of the European lithosphere by the Ivrea body. This mantle slice localizes and transfers the deformation. This later controls the crustal shortening of the external zones and the exhumation of the internal zones
Léger, Sophie. "Méthode lagrangienne actualisée pour des problèmes hyperélastiques en très grandes déformations." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25402.
Full textAccurate simulations of large deformation hyperelastic materials by the finite element method is still a challenging problem. In a total Lagrangian formulation, even when using a very fine initial mesh, the simulation can break down due to severe mesh distortion. Error estimation and adaptive remeshing on the initial geometry are helpful and can provide more accurate solutions (with a smaller number of degrees of freedom) but are not sufficient to attain very large deformations. The updated Lagrangian formulation where the geometry is periodically updated is then preferred. Remeshing may still be necessary to control the quality of the elements and to avoid too severe mesh distortion. It then requires frequent data transfer (reinterpolation) from the old mesh to the new one and this is a very delicate issue. If these transfers are not done appropriately, accuracy can be severely affected. In this thesis, we present an updated Lagrangian formulation where the error on the finite element solution is estimated and adaptive remeshing is performed in order to concentrate the elements of the mesh where the error is large, to coarsen the mesh where the error is small and at the same time to control mesh distortion. In this way, we can reach high level of deformations while preserving the accuracy of the solution. Special attention is given to data transfer methods and a very accurate cubic Lagrange projection method is introduced. As large deformation problems frequently have highly nonlinear solutions, the Moore-Penrose continuation method is used to automatically pilot the complete algorithm including load increase, error estimation, adaptive remeshing and data transfer. A new approach for the implementation of the Moore-Penrose continuation method, facilitating the detection of bifurcation points, will also be presented as well as a number of examples.
Idlbi, Adnan. "Comparaisons de théories de plaques et estimation de la qualité des solutions dans la zone bord." Paris, ENSAM, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ENAM0042.
Full textAbdulhameed, Hemin. "Réponse viscoélastique-viscoplastique en grandes déformations du polyéthylène : observations expérimentales, modélisation constitutive et simulation." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10055/document.
Full textThis PhD dissertation deals with the large-strain mechanical response of polyethylene. In a first part, experimental observations are reported on the time-dependent mechanical response of polyethylene materials containing a wide range of crystal fractions. In a second part, a large-strain viscoelastic-viscoplastic constitutive model is developed to capture the progressive transition from thermoplastic-like to elastomeric-like mechanical response of polyethylene materials, as the crystal content changes. In order to identify the model parameters, an analytical deterministic scheme and a practical, “engineering-like”, numerical tool, based on a genetic algorithm are developed. In a third part, the proposed constitutive model is implemented into a finite element code and used to predict the response of multi-layered polyethylene specimens with different crystal fractions. Comparisons between the simulations and the experimental data (in terms of mechanical response and necking evolution) point out the model predictive capabilities
Ben, Mhenni Najoua. "Caractérisation et modélisation du comportement mécanique des alliages de titane pour la mise en forme à froid des produits plats." Paris 13, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA132060.
Full textChevaugeon, Nicolas. "Contribution à l'étude des membranes hyperélastiques en grandes déformations." Phd thesis, Ecole centrale de nantes - ECN, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00826561.
Full textMrabet, Kaïs. "Comportement mécanique en grandes déformations du polyéthylène haute densité : approche thermodynamique de l'état relaxé." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPL036N.
Full textThe semicrystalline polymers are the subject of many scientific researchs aiming to understanding their microscopic mechanisms of deformation. Nevertheless, the modelling which we currently find in the literature do not approach the mechanical tests with unloading or the cyclic tests at large strains. Among the reasons of these insufficiencies appears themultiplicity of the internal reorganization processes which is seldom described finely in the physical modelling. Moreover, a main aspect of the semicrystalline polymer behaviour is often ignored, it acts of the relaxed state. Within the framework of formalism Distribution of Non Linear Relaxation (D. N. L. R. ), we are interested more closely in these two aspects of the mechanical behaviour: multiplicity of the mechanisms, relaxed state. To clarify these two concepts, the objective was to characterize the relaxed state at large strains and to propose a physical modelling based on the thermodynamics of irreversible processes and on the microscopic aspects of the deformation. The distribution of the weights of the various modes has been described following observations given by a clip tests. The material used is the High Density Polyethylene HOPE. The tests were carried out with VideoTraction technology. The relaxed state modulus measured during tension loading is definitely more important than that of the unloading, which translates a damage phenomenon. The irreversibility of the relaxed state imposes that the modelling must use a functional formulation which integrates the memory effect and damage. In addition, the dip test has shawn the presence of mechanical cross over. A bibliographical study showed that this phenomenon is closely related to the processes multiplicity. Thus, we have shawn that the modal partition adopted in practice has to be re-examined. We have shawn that the modelling set up is able to reproduce complex loadings, in particular the cyclic tests with relaxation, and to predict behavior very depending on the. Loading history and the irreversible relaxed state
Sabra, Ghâzi. "Modèles de la déformation de couches minces liquides isolantes sous l'action d'un flux de charges." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO10045.
Full textLemière, Joël. "Cytosquelette d'actine et déformations membranaires : du liposome à la reconstruction cellulaire." Paris 7, 2014. https://hal-univ-diderot.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01151494.
Full textMy thesis addresses the role of actin and acto-myosin in organising membranes and controlling their shape. I developed the system of actin shells formed at the liposome membrane through actin polymerization and used skeletal myosin motors to induce shell contraction. Actin polymerization is triggered at the liposome membrane in the inside or outside geometry. For the inside geometry, the actin machinery is encapsulated in liposomes by the inverted emulsion technique. Actin polymerization is triggered by diffusion of ATP and sait through alpha-hemolysin membrane pores through a mechanism that I have characterized during my thesis. Another part of my thesis consisted in characterizing the effect of actin polymerization on a membrane tube pulled from a liposome aspirated in a micropipette. We show that this tube is stabilized by actin dynamics since the force to maintain the tube decreases when actin polymerizes. In parallel with these experiments, I characterized the contractility of liposomes covered with an acto-myosin artificial cortex and developed a method for quantifying the tension generated in artificial cortices using liposome doublet shape changes. A third study of this thesis is about Clathrin-independent endocytic events. Using an asymmetric liposome model, we show that endophilin-A2 specifically and functionally associates with very early uptake structures that are induced by the bacterial Shiga toxin, which is clathrin-independent endocytic cargoe. Our results establish a novel function of endophilin-A2 in clathrin-independent endocytosis
Bourque, Jean-Pierre. "Étude des déformations hygromécaniques dans des feuilles de papier multicouches." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25605/25605.pdf.
Full textMaschino, Emeric. "Fusion de modèles neuroanatomiques tridimensionnels." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066528.
Full textDavid, Frédéric. "Modélisation méso-macro de la localisation de la déformation : étude de la sensibilité au cisaillement adiabatique d'un acier à blindage." Metz, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1997/David.Frederic.SMZ9713.pdf.
Full textSince the last ten years, the study of adiabatic shear bands (ASB) has ben oriented on the analysis of local phenomena which govern the localization of deformation. The importance of the microstructure (cells of dislocations or dislocations walls) was pointed out and a new subject of interest is to understand the specific characteristic mechanisms of adiabatic shear initiation. We developed a simplified meso-macro mathematical model based on the plastic inclusion with moving boundaries (Sabr & Berveiller, 1990) to try to describe the early stage microstructure evolution in this very narrow sheared surface and the strain localization. We made the hypothesis that the inclusion could be modeled by cells of dislocations or groups of dislocations cells at a meso-level. We used a progressive punching test with split Hopkinson bars which allowed us put a piston pressure on a cylindrical round shape sample of an armour martensitic steel, in a range of increasing strain rates. The complex and extremely refined microstructure required to observe this band in transmission electronic microscopy on several zones in the depth of the sharp band to understand the inside state evolution. The interesting point is to observe different stages of adiabatic sheared zones and very high sheared zones the strain gradient within the same sample is important to identify the initialization conditions of adiabatic shear band. We also developed a model to study the behaviour of materials when localization of deformation appears. The interest is to propose a technical methodology for others materials and their improvement in industrial applications cases
Taboada, Alfredo. "Modélisation numérique en tectonique : applications dans les domaines ductile et cassant." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20022.
Full textLiu, Xiao Jing. "Modélisation des grandes déformations élasto-plastiques de coques axisymétriques." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD513.
Full textEl, Alam Hanane. "Contribution à la mise en oeuvre de lois de comportements thermomécaniques issues de l'approche D. N. L. R. Dans le cadre des transformations finies." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPL100N.
Full textTo extend the D. N. L. R. Formalism to the large transformations, the difficulty lies weil in the treatment of the objectivity. This work is a first attempt to overcome this difficulty. Thus, according to the DNLR formalism which basically uses the Cauchy stress, an effort has been made to identify the associated definition of the strain measurement. More clearly, several objective rates proposed in the literature have been examined. At this stage, we verify within the DNLR thermodynamic framework, the importance of the choice, a priori, of one of these objective rates, on the level of stress really "seen" by the material for a given strain level. Recent works by Xiao, Bruhns and Meyers incited us to use the logarithmic rate in order to perform the temporal integration of the strain rate and to define the strain measurement associated to the Cauchy stress and to ensure the coherency of the behavior law for finite transformations
Chateau, Xavier. "Sur quelques problèmes liés à la modélisation mécanique de l'emboutissage." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992EPXX0015.
Full textHejazi, Yousef. "Influence de la prise en compte des modules en petites déformations des sols sur la modélisation numérique d’ouvrages géotechniques." Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2010ISAL0061/these.pdf.
Full textRegarding their ability to simulate the complexity of geometry, the behaviour of surrounding soils, the excavation process and to evaluate the movements generated by an underground construction, numerical methods are becoming more and more widespread for design. Moreover, practice has demonstrated that most of underground constructions deformed under small-strains where soil behaviour is poorly represented by the linear isotropic elasticity. Therefore, a reliable prediction of soil movements requires the use of a constitutive model able to represent the small-strain soil behaviour. This PhD thesis is a contribution to numerical studies for taking into account the small-strain stiffness and the anisotropy of a soil during excavation of an underground structure. For this, a serie of constitutive soil models was selected and implemented in the finite difference code FLAC3D in order to simulate the increase of soil stiffness with depth, the non-linear small-strain behaviour, the stress history and the strain softening under large strain. These models were then validated on different stress paths and then applied to simulate a shallow tunnel in London Clay. From this research, it is concluded that the introduction of soil non-linearity under small-strains leads to better prediction of ground movements around a tunnel excavated within anisotropic and heavily overconsolidated Clays than that observed by the linear elastic model frequently used. Another phenomena necessary to be taken into account is the characteristic state of the soil
Carcan, Alain. "Modélisation des grandes déformations axisymétriques de membranes minces hyperélastiques incompressibles." Compiègne, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985COMPS134.
Full textPanchetti, Minica. "Exploitation d'images numériques pour la simplification et la déformation de modèles polyédriques." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005131.
Full textPedro, Luc Sèdji. "De l'étude du comportement mécanique de sols hétérogènes modèles à son application au cas des sols naturels." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001295.
Full textMekkaoui, Smaine. "Modélisation de l'incertain sur les essais triaxiaux en grandes déformations sur sols remaniés." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ECAP0954.
Full textCharlier, Benjamin. "Étude des propriétés statistiques des moyennes de Fréchet dans des modèles de déformations pour l'analyse de courbes et d'images en grande dimension." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1407/.
Full textWe are concerned with the statistical analysis of data observed with extra nuisance deformations. To this end, we first introduce a new class of semi-parametric deformable models. These models can be used to study the variability of time dependent curves or high dimensional images. We suppose that the curves or images at hand are generated by a noisy ideal mean pattern on which act some deformations operators. We then study the estimation of the parameters of interest of such models in the general case and in the particular case of planar curves observed with some rotation, translation and scaling. In a second part, we study the notion of mean in non-Euclidean spaces. More precisely, we study the conditions of existence of the Fréchet mean in the unit circle of the plane endowed with the arclength distance
Celle, Pierre. "Couplage fluide/milieu poreux en grandes déformations pour la modélisation des procédés d'élaboration par infusion." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EMSE0029.
Full textAn overall model for the study of a non isothermal fluid flow across a highly compressible porous medium is presented and applied for the study of dry composite manufacturing processes by infusion (Liquid Resin Infusion-LRI and Resin Film Infusion-RFI) in order to predict the thickness and the porosity of the final structure. The model developed includes a modified Beaver-Schaffman-Joseph condition to couple flow across and outside the porous medium. An ALE formulation of the liquid flow across the deformable porous medium in which finite strains are accounted is coupled with an updated Lagrangian scheme for the solid behaviour. Finally, thermo-chemical models are employed to account for the resin reticulation. Numerical tools have been developed and combined for the simulation of LRI and RFI processes. Numerical results have been compared with experimental test
Pourpak, Hamid. "Méthodologie de déformation graduelle de modèles de réservoir hétérogène fracturé contraints par des mesures d'écoulement aux puits." Poitiers, 2008. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2008/Pourpak-Hamid/2008-Pourpak-Hamid-These.pdf.
Full textThis thesis proposes a sequential inversion methodology for calibrating highly-heterogeneous reservoir models on well test data. The design and the application of that methodology are performed on an experimental hydro-geological site settled on a karstic and fractured limestone aquifer located near to Poitiers, France. The methodology involves two successive steps that are: first, the inversion of facies petrophysical properties; second, the gradual deformation of the facies distribution. By proceeding this way, the gradual deformation method, applied both globally and locally, improves the distribution of facies while keeping the previously optimised petrophysical properties. The fairly good capability on the resulting model to predict well responses allows to consider the gradual deformation as an efficient and robust method to find a facies geo-statistical realization matching at best flow data constraints. Alternative implementation of the sequence above are studied, by simply changing the schedule of the calibration steps. Efficiency and numerical performances of the methodology are also assessed by changing the number of gradual deformation parameters. Finally, it is investigated on the possibility to improve calibration by means of alternative flow modelling approaches. Whereas the adoption of a dual-medium model does not change significantly the simulated pressures, a more accurate modelling of conductive bodies by using a refined grid improves the prediction of short-time well responses. Further works could tentatively address the gradual deformation of object-based models for mimicking flow features of karstic and/or fractured heterogeneous reservoirs
Rancourt-Grenier, Sébastien. "Simulation de déformation de globule rouge par des trappes optiques en trois dimensions." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27325/27325.pdf.
Full textPutelat, Thibaut. "Quelques applications d'un modèle mécanique de la lithosphère." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10257.
Full textKordjani, Mustapha. "Caractérisation et modélisation du comportement en petites déformations des sols sur des chemins de sollicitation monotone et cyclique." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ECAP0418.
Full textNdohi, Raphaël. "Contribution à l'étude numérique et expérimentale des déformations élastiques d'une structure moteur." Compiègne, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985COMPS135.
Full textAndriamitantsoa, Lucien. "Approche ultrastructurale de la mécanosorption sur le Pin maritime." Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR10548.
Full textBerthelon, Josselin. "Etude mécanique des déformations des chaînes plissées d'avant-pays et rôle des argiles roches-mères durant leur maturation." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066687/document.
Full textIn this thesis, changes in the mechanical properties of organic-rich shales, when they mature, are studied in order to deduce if burial may mechanically activate tectonic imbrication and control the folding style. This multidisciplinary work is organized according to three axes: a field study, a laboratory study and a thermo-mechanical modeling study. In the first part, the study balanced geological cross-sections through the Mediterranean fold-and-thrust belts shows the importance of the mechanical interpretation for structural restorations and to validate structural evolution scenarios. The Albanian Posidonia Schist laboratory characterization allows discussing the vertical evolution of mineralogical, geochemical and mechanical parameters in a source-rock formation that control the rheological behavior of source rocks. Both geological cases serve as input data for modeling designed to simulate the evolution of a source rock during its burial. Two aspects are examined: Using TEMISFlow Arctem basin models, I analyze the conditions necessary to create overpressure in a source-rock detachment located in the footwall of a thrust. Through geo-mechanical modeling, I study the mechanical conditions necessary to develop ideal fold geometries within a mechanical stratigraphy. A hierarchy of parameters to activate a detachment within source rocks embedded in a mechanical stratigraphy is thus proposed. Through an analysis of the coupling between these two aspects, geo-mechanical and hydro-mechanical, this thesis is a contribution to the search of a rheological law that takes into account the thermo-dependent softening of shale and source rocks in geo-mechanical modeling
Haddad, Ahmed. "Contribution à la détermination des courbes limites de formage en contraintes et en déformations à partir de la théorie 3G." Chambéry, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CHAMS032.
Full textIltchev, Alexandre. "Homogénéisation périodique d’un matériau cellulaire en élasto-plasticité et application au calcul de structures : des petites aux grandes déformations." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0044/document.
Full textCellular materials have excellent specific properties, which make them attractive for aeronautical applications. However, modelling macroscopic structures including a cellular material is either very costly in terms of computational time if the whole mesoscopic structure is considered or a Homogeneous Equivalent Medium (HEM) has to be used. This Ph.D. dissertation presents, the characterisation of a cellular material built from a stacking of tubes with a square or hexagonal based pattern and the identification of a phenomenological model of their inelastic mechanical behaviour. First, the material is characterised for multi-axial loadings through a periodic finite element model in small deformations for each tube stacking pattern. The macroscopic behaviour is then used to identify a compressible anisotropic Homogeneous Equivalent Law (HEL). Within the infinitesimal strain hypothesis, a comparison is carried out between reference full scale models and HEM based ones of sandwich structures with a cellular core, confirming the relevance of the proposed multi-scale method. Then, the mechanical behaviour of each tube stacking is characterised for large deformations in order to study the influence of the boundary size effects and the instabilities in the core on the macroscopic behaviour of sandwich structures. After a study on the representative volume element, the macroscopic inelastic behaviour is characterised through the periodic homogenisation technique, especially the softening observed in compression for the hexagonal pattern. Finally, an extension of the HELs identified in small deformations is proposed to model the behaviour observed in large deformations
Dominguez, Stéphane. "Déformations des marges actives liées à la subduction de reliefs océaniques. Analyse tectonique de données de géophysique marine et de modèles analogiques." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20259.
Full textCampagne, Laurence. "Modélisation et simulation de la viscoplasticité et de l'endommagement en grandes vitesses de déformation." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2003/CAMPAGNE_Laurence_2003.pdf.
Full textModeling of mechanical behaviour of materials must be more accurate in order to obtain better predictive numerical results and well optimised design. In some applications such as safety design and optimisation of processing, modeling must take into account damage and failure processes. The objective of this work is to propose a mechanistic approach based on the theory of dislocation motion to describe the viscoplasticity and failure in ductile metals and to implemente this approach in a finite element code to predict the damage and failure in structures under damaging loads. The mechanism of failure and plasticity in polycrystalline metals is often dislocation controlled. Therefore, the description of the damage process involving the nucleation and the growth of voids with a micro statistical approach is proposed. This approach connects the macro mechanical behavior to the physical processes at the micro level. The model capabilities in predicting dynamic failure are validated by simulating different shock problems using the finite element code Abaqus/Explicit: planar impact (two geometries are considered), Taylor impact and perforation. It appears that the proposed mechanistic approach enables us to predict qualitatively good numerical results for various dynamic applications. The difficulties linked to high strain rates and the main limits due to the impossibility of managing discontinuities easily are discussed
Baghdadi, Abdelhakim. "Modélisation en grandes déformations des solides et des sols : applications aux fondations." Compiègne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993COMPD649.
Full textAyoub, Georges. "Comportement en grandes déformations et fatigue des polymères : modélisation constitutive et prédiction de la durée de vie en fatigue." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10076/document.
Full textTwo representative polymers are studied in this thesis: a semi-crystalline thermoplastic (polyethylene) and an elastomer (styrene-butadiene rubber SBR).A physically-based hyperelastic-viscoplastic model integrating the crystallinity effects is proposed to describe the mechanical behavior under large deformation of polyethylene. The capabilities of the proposed model to reproduce the mechanical behavior of typical thermoplastic (viscoplastic-hyperelastic) to the mechanical behavior more typical of elastomers (visco-hyperelastic) are demonstrated. The proposed model is modified by incorporating a non-linear viscous component to capture the mechanical behavior of polyethylene under cyclic loading. To describe the damage process under multiaxial cyclic loading of SBR, two complementary approaches have been used. The first one, based on the network alteration theory, allows describing the stress-softening until failure. The comparison between the proposed model and experimental results obtained under uniaxial cyclic loading highlighted the relevance of such approach. The second one, based on the continuum damage mechanics theory, aims to predict the multiaxial fatigue life under complex loadings of rubber-like materials. In this approach, the damage variable is derived from the cracking energy density. After identifying the damage parameters using uniaxial fatigue data, the predictive capabilities of the proposed model are highlighted under multiaxial loadings, combining tension and torsion tests
Farah, Ahcène. "Contribution à la modélisation mathématique de la biomécanique de la pompe cardiaque : application à l'analyse des déformations pathologiques du ventricule gauche." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10405.
Full textPottier, Thomas. "Identification paramétrique par recalage de modèles d'éléments finis couplée à des mesures de champs cinématiques et thermiques." Chambéry, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CHAMS033.
Full textMaterial constitutive parameters are usuaily identified from standard tests exhibiting homogeneous strain states. However, recent improvements in inverse identification methods call upon the use of heterogeneous tests. The purpose of the present work is to develop an inverse identification procedu based on the Finite Element Updating method. Kinematic and thermal full-fields measurements are thus captured from increasingly heterogeneous tes and provide the input data of the identification process. Miscellaneous planar tests with commercially pure titanium have been led and a new non plana experimental test has been designed and set up. This latter allows the identification of tensile, shear and expansion behaviours from a single test led on basic tensile device. Digital image Correlation along with Stereo image Correlation is used for measurement purpose. Comparisons are made between measured data and data retrieved from a numerical model of the experiment. An optimization algorithm is used to update the constitutive parameters of the finite element model. The number of identified parameters varies with the involved constitutive model: orthotropic elasticity, then anisotropic plasticity. Several validations protocols have highlight the advantages of using heterogeneous rather than homogeneous tests. Moreover it has been shown that the choice of the elastic model (isotopic or orthotropic) has a major influence on the plastic identification. Finally, a mixed kinematic and thermal approach has been developed. Mechanical constitutive parameters are identified and used to assess the body heat sources of the sample. Four evolutionary models of the inelastic heat fraction have been identified by this mean
Aelaai, Mohammad-Réza. "Contribution à l'etude de la modélisation des grandes déformations élasto-plastiques : problèmes de remaillage." Compiègne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986COMPI239.
Full textBiakeu, Guy. "Modélisation multicorps : application au crash des structures." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ECDL0023.
Full textIndustrial norms in terms of security and comfort of the passengers cars, aiplanes or boats are becoming more and more draconian. The constructors are now obliged to succeed severe tests like the resistance of their products to crashes or their stability. Moreover, these aspects happenned to be excelent arguments for the marketing departements as consumers prefer solid cars or trains to beautifull ones. On another hand, economic reasons bring industrials to reduce the number of real tests on the full structure and to increase the use of numerical simulation during the conception of vehicules. In this thesis we develop a technique based on multibody modelling of beams. It takes large displacements and large rotations in charge. We called it the Large Curvature Description (LCD). In the plane, the shape of the beam are interpolated with arcs of circle. In the space, we use Euler angles to describe the orientation of the sections and we introduce elementary angles to keep the same linear evolution of the orientation as in the plane. Only bending and torsion deformations are studied but we can extend the formulation to traction and shear. Plastic regions are modelled as nonlinear hinges. The behaviour of these hinges is represented by a mathematical expression in which the collapse appears as a negative exponential The hinges are located with an interpolation of the bending moments and the torsion moment built as a norm on the structure. Constraints systems are solved with the Lagrange multipliers technique and we use an explicit scheme to solve the equations of motion. We compare our results to those of simulation under explicits codes as ABAQUS/Explicit or to techniques developped by authors in the literature