Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modèles de données spatio-temporels'
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Gordillo, Silvia. "Modélisation et manipulation de phénomènes continus spatio-temporels." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10118.
Full textBessac, Julie. "Sur la construction de générateurs aléatoires de conditions de vent au large de la Bretagne." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S067/document.
Full textThis work is aimed at constructing stochastic weather generators. These models enable to simulate artificially weather data that have statistical properties consistent with observed meteorology and climate. Outputs of these models are generally used in impact studies in agriculture or in ecology
Demattei, Christophe. "Détection d'agrégats temporels et spatiaux." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00134491.
Full textNous proposons une revue des méthodes existantes ainsi que notre contribution dans différentes directions. Deux approches sont proposées dans le cadre temporel permettant pour l'une d'éviter l'utilisation de simulations et pour l'autre de prendre en compte les données dont l'information temporelle est incomplète. Nous avons également mis au point une méthode de détection de clusters spatiaux de forme arbitraire permettant d'analyser des données dont on connaît la localisation géographique exacte. Cette approche a été appliquée sur des données particulières, celles obtenues par Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique fonctionnelle. Les perspectives d'analyse spatio-temporelle sont finalement évoquées.
Plumejeaud, Christine. "Modèles et méthodes pour l'information spatio-temporelle évolutive." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00630984.
Full textEl, Zant Manal. "Contribution à une représentation spatio-temporelle des dépêches épidémiologiques." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX20666.
Full textA spatio-temporal representation of event structures is important for an automatic comprehension of disease outbreak reports. The dispersion of components in this type of reports makes it difficult to have such a representation. This work describes an automatic extraction of event structures representation of these texts. We built an information extraction system by using cascaded finite state transducers which allowed the realization of three tasks : the named entity recognition, the arguments annotation and representation and the event structure representation. We obtained with this method a recall between 74. 24% and 100% for the named entity recognition task and a recall between 97. 18% and 99. 54% for argument representation task. Thereafter, we contributed to a normalization task in anaphoric pronouns resolution and in some inferences resolution concerning disease causation, concerned person, spatial and temporal location. We obtained a precision between 70. 83% and 100% for anaphoric pronouns resolution. The evaluation of inferences rules resolutions consisted in finding some counterexamples in the corpora for evaluation
Blanc, Laurence. "Données spatio-temporelles en écologie et analyses multitableaux : examen d'une relation." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10044.
Full textTsin-Shu, Yeh. "Modélisation de la variabilité des entités dans un système d'information géographique." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066780.
Full textTandeo, Pierre. "Modélisation spatio-temporelle d’une variable quantitative à partir de données multi-sources : Application à la température de surface des océans." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00582679.
Full textIn this thesis, an important oceanographic variable for the monitoring of the climate is studied: the sea surface temperature. At the global level, this variable is observed along the ocean by several remote sensed sources. In order to treat all this information, statistical methods are used to summarize our variable of interest in global daily map. For that purpose, a state-space linear model with Gaussian error is suggested. We begin to introduce this model on data resulting from having an irregular sampling. Then, we work on the estimation of the parameters. This is based on the combination of the method of moments and the maximum likelihood estimates, with the study of the EM algorithm and the Kalman recursions. Finally, this methodology is applied to estimate the variance of errors and the temporal correlation parameter to the Atlantic ocean. We add the spatial component and propose a separable second order structure, based on the product of a temporal covariance and a spatial anisotropic covariance. According to usual geostatistical methods, the parameters of this covariance are estimated on the Atlantic ocean and form a relevant atlas for the oceanographers. Finally, we show that the contribution of the spatial information increases the predictive behaviour of the model
Assoumou, Ebo Étienne. "Description holistique des systèmes de culture et conception d'une base de données spatio-temporelle pour les simulations multi-modèles." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0021/NQ56434.pdf.
Full textJin, Meihan. "Un modèle spatio-temporel sémantique pour la modélisation de mobilités en milieu urbain." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0067/document.
Full textMassive trajectory datasets generated in modern cities generate not only novel research opportunities but also important methodological challenges for academics and decision-makers searching for a better understanding of travel patterns in space and time. This PhD research is oriented towards the conceptual and GIS-based modeling of human displacements derived from large sets of urban trajectories. The motivation behind this study originates from the necessity to search for and explore travel patterns that emerge from citizens acting in the city. Our research introduces a conceptual modelling framework whose objective is to integrate and analyze human displacements within a GIS-based practical solution. The framework combines conceptual and logical models that represent travel trajectories of citizens moving in a given city. The whole approach has been implemented in a geographical database system, experimented in the context of transportation data, and enriched by a series of query interface manipulations and specific functions that illustrate the potential of our whole framework for urban studies. The whole framework has been experimented on top of the Geolife project and large trajectories datasets available in the city of Beijing. Overall, the findings are twofold: first, it appears that our modelling framework can appropriately act as an extensible geographical database support for the integration of large trajectory datasets; second the approach shows that several emerging human displacements can be explored from the manipulation of large urban trajectories
Koussa, Chokri. "Implantation d’un système d’information géographique 3D sur Internet pour la gestion des modèles urbains." Strasbourg, 2011. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2011/KOUSSA_Chokri_2011.pdf.
Full textDue to a lot of reasons, i. E. Continuous progress of computer tools in terms of software and hardware, the development of powerful spatial data acquisition tools, the generalization of spatial data and applications for an extended use, etc. A lot of spatial applications, more and more sophisticated, are carried out either as free or commercial tools. The Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are proving to be major consumers of geo-referenced data. They consists in adequate, or even the most appropriate, tools for using such kind of data. Indeed, they offer various features that focus especially on the management, interrogation and representation of spatial data. The real beginning of GIS generalization was in the 1990s. But then, given the limits of computer tools, GIS were mainly interested in 2D spatial data. While at the late 1990s and during the first decade of the 21st century, GIS developers are oriented to the 3rd dimension for spatial data representation. The concept of 3D GIS then became ubiquitous and a widespread research topic around the world. As the progress of GIS is related mainly to advances in computer technology, Internet has become fastly a very promising way for the online dissemination of GIS applications. Thus, the 2D GIS are now multiple over Internet, while 3D GIS are rare. It is in this context that joins our thesis work. Indeed, the main objective is to develop a 3D GIS prototype accessible via Internet. Because GIS are multidisciplinary tools since they rely on very different concepts and technologies (data modeling, databases, development tools, 3D, etc. ), Our thesis work will focus on the basic concepts of 3D GIS, i. E. Three-dimensional spatial data modeling, spatial databases modeling (BDS, spatial data integration in the BDS), carrying out a reflection on the querying functionality of spatial data, a Web application development to access online all services offered by the GIS, etc. As for the technologies to be used for the development of GIS, our choices were oriented mainly to the free tools. The objective is to study the various technologies implemented and their combination for the establishment of a functional 3D GIS accessible over Internet
Fahlaoui, Tarik. "Réduction de modèles et apprentissage de solutions spatio-temporelles paramétrées à partir de données : application à des couplages EDP-EDO." Thesis, Compiègne, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COMP2535.
Full textIn this thesis, an algorithm for learning an accurate reduced order model from data generated by a high fidelity solver (HF solver) is proposed. To achieve this goal, we use both Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) and Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD). Anomaly detection, during the learning process, can be easily done by performing an a posteriori spectral analysis on the reduced order model learnt. Several extensions are presented to make the method as general as possible. Thus, we handle the case of coupled ODE/PDE systems or the case of second order hyperbolic equations. The method is also extended to the case of switched control systems, where the switching rule is learnt by using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The reduced order model learnt allows to predict time evolution of the POD coefficients. However, the POD coefficients have no interpretable meaning. To tackle this issue, we propose an interpretable reduction method using the Empirical Interpolation Method (EIM). This reduction method is then adapted to the case of third-order tensors, and combining with the Kernel Ridge Regression (KRR) we can learn the solution manifold in the case of parametrized PDEs. In this way, we can learn a parametrized reduced order model. The case of non-linear PDEs or disturbed data is finally presented in the opening
Cheikho, Taher. "Synthèse spatio-temporelle des paramètres hydroclimatiques et modélisation hydrologique : application au bassin versant du Var." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE2002.
Full textThe objective of this PhD thesis is to contribute to a better comprehension of the hydrological behaviour of the Var catchment area located in the South-east of France and characterized by hydroclimatic contrasts associated with the topography, and to put a spatial database (topographic, occupation of soil, geological, hydrographic, hydroclimatic) managed by a Geographical Information System GIS at the disposal of the developers. The catchment is exposed to the hazards of the extreme rainfalls and consequently to the floods. In this context the climatic and hydrological hazards are analyzed through two main aspects: spatial and temporal distribution of the rainfalls and the transformation of the rainfalls into runoff. The automatic cartography of the rainfalls, significant factor of hydrological hazard, the temperatures and the potential evapotranspiration showed the determining influence of the relief on their spatial distributions. This regionalization was carried out using the multiple linear regressions and of the krigeage. The integration of the gradex of the catchment rainfalls from 1 to 3 days estimated according to the maximum rainfalls of the high-risk season (September-January) in the method of Gradex was used to calculate the instantaneous maximum discharges. The results obtained are coherent with those quoted in the literature. Modelling rainfall-runoff relationship on the Var and the principal sub-catchments was carried out with various steps of time. The models used (GR2M, LoiEau, GR4J, GR4JH and environment HEC-HMS) were calibrated and validated from the experimental measurements and made it possible to reconstitute the discharges and the floods of the Var catchment
Kandukuri, Somasekhar Reddy. "Spatio-Temporal Adaptive Sampling Techniques for Energy Conservation in Wireless Sensor Networks." Thesis, La Réunion, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LARE0021/document.
Full textWireless sensor networks (WSNs) technology have been demonstrated to be a usefulmeasurement system for numerous bath indoor and outdoor applications. There is avast amount of applications that are operating with WSN technology, such asenvironmental monitoring, for forest fire detection, weather forecasting, water supplies, etc. The independence nature of WSNs from the existing infrastructure. Virtually, the WSNs can be deployed in any sort of location, and provide the sensor samples accordingly in bath time and space. On the contrast, the manual deployments can only be achievable at a high cost-effective nature and involve significant work. ln real-world applications, the operation of wireless sensor networks can only be maintained, if certain challenges are overcome. The lifetime limitation of the distributed sensor nodes is amongst these challenges, in order to achieve the energy optimization. The propositions to the solution of these challenges have been an objective of this thesis. ln summary, the contributions which have been presented in this thesis, address the system lifetime, exploitation of redundant and correlated data messages, and then the sensor node in terms of usability. The considerations have led to the simple data redundancy and correlated algorithms based on hierarchical based clustering, yet efficient to tolerate bath the spatio-temporal redundancies and their correlations. Furthermore, a multihop sensor network for the implementation of propositions with more features, bath the analytical proofs and at the software level, have been proposed
Cisse, Papa Ousmane. "Étude de modèles spatiaux et spatio-temporels." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01E060/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the time series in addition to being observed over time, also have a spatial component. By definition, a spatiotemporal phenomenon is a phenomenon which involves a change in space and time. The spatiotemporal model-ling therefore aims to construct representations of systems taking into account their spatial and temporal dimensions. It has applications in many fields such as meteorology, oceanography, agronomy, geology, epidemiology, image processing or econometrics etc. It allows them to address the important issue of predicting the value of a random field at a given location in a region. Assume that the value depends predict observations in neighbouring regions. This shows the need to consider, in addition to their statistical characteristics, relations of spatial dependence between neighbouring locations, to account for all the inherent data structures. In the exploration of spatiotemporal data, refinement of time series models is to explicitly incorporate the systematic dependencies between observations for a given region, as well as dependencies of a region with neighboring regions. In this context, the class of spatial models called spatiotemporal auto-regressive models (Space-Time Autoregressive models) or STAR was introduced in the early 1970s. It will then be generalized as GSTAR model (Generalized Space-Time Autoregressive models). In most fields of applications, one is often confronted by the fact that one of the major sources of fluctuations is seasonality. In our work we are particularly interested in the phenomenon of seasonality in spatiotemporal data. We develop a new class of models and investigates the properties and estimation methods. Make a mathematical model taking into account the spatial inter-action of different points or locations of an entire area would be a significant contribution. Indeed, a statistical treatment that takes into account this aspect and integrates appropriate way can correct a loss of information, errors in predictions, non-convergent and inefficient estimates
Runz, Cyril de. "Imperfection, temps et espace : modélisation, analyse et visualisation dans un SIG archéologique." Reims, 2008. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000848.pdf.
Full textThis thesis develops a global approach for the handling of spatiotemporal and imperfect data in an archaeological GIS. This approach allows us a better management of those data in order to model or to represent them. In this approach, a new taxonomy of imperfection is proposed for the modeling of archaeological information. Using the modeling, this work presents some new methods for data analysis in an GIS. The temporal aspect of archaeological data implies to define an index which quantifies the anteriority. The lacunar aspect is also exploited through an interrogation method using a geometrical form. This work finally explores and visualizes archaeological dataset to extract the most representative elements. This thesis, which gives an approach on the management of imperfect knowledge in time and space, links computer science and geography. The use-case of this thesis is an archaeological database associated to a GIS
Jaillot, Vincent. "3D, temporal and documented cities : formalization, visualization and navigation." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE2026.
Full textThe study and understanding of cities evolution is an important societal issue, particularly for improving the quality of life in an increasingly dense city. Digital technology and in particular 3D city models can be part of the answer. Their manipulation is however sometimes complex due to their thematic, geometric, topological dimensions and hierarchical structure.In this thesis, we focus on the integration of the temporal dimension and in the enrichment with multimedia documents of these 3D models of the city, in an objective of visualization and navigation on the web. Moreover, we take a particular interest in interoperability (based on standards), reusability (with a shared software architecture and open source components) and reproducibility (to make our experiments durable).Our first contribution is a formalization of the temporal dimension of cities for interactive navigation and visualization on the web. For this, we propose a conceptual model of existing standards for the visualization of cities on the web, which we extend with a formalization of the temporal dimension. We also propose a logical model and a technical specification of these proposals.Our second contribution allows the integration of multimedia documents into city models for spatial, temporal and thematic visualization and navigation on the web. We propose a conceptual model for the integration of heterogeneous and multidimensional geospatial data. We then use it for the integration of multimedia documents and 3D city models.Finally, this thesis took place in a multidisciplinary context via the Fab-Pat project of the LabEx IMU, which focuses on cultural heritage sharing and shaping. In this framework, a contribution combining social sciences and computer science has allowed the design of DHAL, a methodology for the comparative analysis of devices for sharing heritage via digital technology. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à l'intégration de la dimension temporelle et à l'enrichissement avec des documents multimédia de ces modèles 3D de la ville, dans un objectif de visualisation et de navigation sur le web. Nous portons un intérêt particulier à l'intéropérabilité (en s'appuyant sur des standards), à la réutilisabilité (avec une architecture logicielle partagée et des composants open source) et à la reproductibilité (permettant de rendre nos expérimentations pérennes).Notre première contribution est une formalisation de la dimension temporelle des villes pour une navigation et visualisation interactive sur le web. Pour cela, nous proposons un modèle conceptuel des standards existants pour la visualisation de villes sur le web, que nous étendons avec une formalisation de la dimension temporelle. Nous proposons également un modèle logique et une spécification technique de ces propositions.Notre deuxième contribution permet d'intégrer des documents multimédias aux modèles de villes pour une visualisation et une navigation spatiale, temporelle et thématique sur le web. Nous proposons un modèle conceptuel pour l'intégration de données géospatiales hétérogènes et multidimensions. Nous l'utilisons ensuite pour l'intégration de documents multimédias et de modèles 3D de villes.Enfin, cette thèse s'est déroulée dans un contexte pluridisciplinaire via le projet Fab-Pat, du LabEx IMU, qui s'intéresse au partage de la fabrique du patrimoine. Dans ce cadre, une contribution mêlant sciences sociales et informatique a permis de concevoir DHAL, une méthodologie pour l’analyse comparative de dispositifs pour le partage du patrimoine via le numérique
Héas, Patrick. "Apprentissage bayésien de structures spatio-temporelles : application à la fouille visuelle de séries temporelles d'images de satellites." Toulouse, ENSAE, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ESAE0004.
Full textWan, Tao. "Modélisation et implémentation de systèmes OLAP pour des objets mobiles." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007VERS0001.
Full textThe rapid growth of gao-location techniques and mobile devices led to the profusion of Mobile Objects databases. This raises a new issu concerning their use for decision support. While conventional On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP) systems are efficiently used in data analysi&tI:\aOks to their multidimensional modelling, they are not adapted to MOs which consider information that evolves continuously over time (e. G. , position). Ln this study, we focus on the problem of data warehousing such objects. The contributions are: (1) two multidimensional models allowing their on-line analytical processing; one offers a well-to-do implementation, whereas the other one supplies a powerful representation; (2) an optimized implementation dedicated to answer efficiently typical spatiotemporal OLAP queries in context of OLAP systems
De, lozzo Matthias. "Modèles de substitution spatio-temporels et multifidélité : Application à l'ingénierie thermique." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAT0027/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis deals with the construction of surrogate models in transient and steady states in the context of thermal simulation, with a few observations and many outputs.First, we design a robust construction of recurrent multilayer perceptron so as to approach a spatio-temporal dynamic. We use an average of neural networks resulting from a cross-validation procedure, whose associated data splitting allows to adjust the parameters of these models thanks to a test set without any information loss. Moreover, the construction of this perceptron can be distributed according to its outputs. This construction is applied to the modelling of the temporal evolution of the temperature at different points of an aeronautical equipment.Then, we proposed a mixture of Gaussian process models in a multifidelity framework where we have a high-fidelity observation model completed by many observation models with lower and no comparable fidelities. A particular attention is paid to the specifications of trends and adjustement coefficients present in these models. Different kriging and co-krigings models are put together according to a partition or a weighted aggregation based on a robustness measure associated to the most reliable design points. This approach is used in order to model the temperature at different points of the equipment in steady state.Finally, we propose a penalized criterion for the problem of heteroscedastic regression. This tool is build in the case of projection estimators and applied with the Haar wavelet. We also give some numerical results for different noise specifications and possible dependencies in the observations
Sallah, Kankoe. "Diffusion spatio-temporelle des épidémies : approche comparée des modélisations mathématiques et biostatistiques, cibles d'intervention et mobilité humaine." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0607.
Full textIn the first part of this thesis, we have developed a malaria transmission metamodel based on the susceptible-infected-resistant compartmental modeling framework (SIR) and taking into consideration human mobility flows between different villages in the Center of Senegal. Geographically targeted intervention strategies had been shown to be effective in reducing the incidence of malaria both within and outside of intervention areas. However, combined interventions targeting both vector and host, coordinated on a large scale are needed in regions and countries aiming to achieve malaria elimination in the short/medium term.In the second part we have evaluated different methods of estimating human mobility in the absence of real data. These methods included spatio-temporal traceability of mobile phones, mathematical models of gravity and radiation. The transport of the pathogen through the geographical space via the mobility of an infected subject is a major determinant of the spread of an epidemic. We introduced the impedance model that minimized the mean square error on mobility estimates, especially in contexts where population sets are characterized by their heterogeneous sizes.Finally, we have expanded the framework of assumptions underlying the calibration of the gravity models of human mobility. The hypothesis of a zero inflated distribution provided a better fit and a better predictability, compared to the classical approach not assuming an excess of zeros: Poisson, Quasipoisson
Chimard, Florencia. "Mélanges de processus ponctuels spatio-temporels et approche bayésienne semi-paramétrique." Antilles-Guyane, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AGUY0392.
Full textPoint processes are often used as tools for describing spatial or spatio- temporal point patterns. In this Phd dissertation, we give an overview of bayesian statistical analysis for point processes and recent tools Iike the Dirichlet process and its diverse extensions. We focus on situations where the available data are maps of the studied point process at different observations dates. Two contexts are considered. Firstly, we consider occurrences of events in a studied area forming the realization of a spatio-temporal Cox process directed by a generalized shot noise intensity measure. A hidden Poisson process generates contributions to the intensity measure which are distributed according to a Dirichlet process centered on the Gamma distribution. For data consisting of spatial locations of occurrences between several pairs of consecutive observation dates, we develop statistical inference about the parameters of interest by means of MCMC methods within the framework of hierarchical bayesian modeling. A data augmentation algorithm is introduced and tested on artificial data. Secondly, we analyse the case where the point process support is discrete with at most one occurrence for a given element of the support. For such binary data, we present and discuss models based on Bernoulli distribution mixture with a background intensity following a log-gaussian. The statistical inference for these models is developped by using a hierarchical bayesian approach. Tests are carried out on artificial data and data from Yellow Leaf Sugarcane Virus observations
Valmy, Larissa. "Modèles hiérarchiques et processus ponctuels spatio-temporels - Applications en épidémiologie et en sismologie." Phd thesis, Université des Antilles-Guyane, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841146.
Full textMurcia, Jérôme de. "Reconstruction d'images cardiaques en tomographie d'émission monophotonique à l'aide de modèles spatio-temporels." Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG0078.
Full textRogié, Brice. "Apport à la caractérisation des modèles thermiques spatio-temporels destinés aux composants électroniques." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100144.
Full textThe extreme densification of electronic boards, coupled with their size reduction leads to critical thermal stress, resulting in technology barriers to the evolution of electronic systems.This document is about the thermal modelling of electronic components, and their interaction with electronic systems in general.In the first chapter, the concept of compact models, which is a partial representation of an electronic component without its geometry complexity, is addressed. The different types of compact models are explained and discussed in function of their accuracy towards detailed models of electronic components.In a second chapter, the analytical modelling of electronic components is developed, for mono and multi chips packages. The analytical model is based on the resolution of 3-D heat equation by the use of Fourier series for multi-layer domain and volumetric heat sources. The analytical model is therefore compared to numerical models with the goal to quantify the cons and pros of this representation.The concept of dynamical compact models is validated experimentally in a third chapter. The compact models of first chapter are confronted to experimental data in dynamic state. This comparison shows that the developed dynamical compact models have a deviation lower than 10% with experimental results, whatever the configuration of the thermal test vehicles.A fourth chapter introduces a new concept of simplified models, in the case of a lack of information about the geometry of electronic components. This new modelling concept is based on the analytical development of second chapter. It is shown that a discrepancy of less than 10% with detailed numerical models can be achieved, whatever the complexity level of electronic components.Finally, the last chapter deals with a potential way to exploit the developed thermal models for performing industrial board design. Thus, the compact modelling of electronic multilayer boards with buried components in its core layers is investigated.This approach is based on the analytical model of second chapter in order to deal with thin multi-layer electronic boards. A concept of a smart decomposition of the board layers is introduced, which allows a fast design exploration while preserving a high accuracy level
Dhib, Ameni. "La cartographie des sonorités environnementales d'un territoire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34749.
Full textOn a territory, sound sources emit sounds that can be of anthropophonic origins (i.e. vehicle noise), biophonic origins (i.e. sounds emitted by birds), as well as geophonic origins (i.e. wind noise). This makes it possible to describe a soundscape of the places while feeding particular needs specific to the mapping of the sound environment such as the acoustic properties of the territories, necessary to the understanding of the sound environment. Beyond the research work that studies and analyzes the acoustic properties of the environment, the state of the existing focuses on two types of sound cards: sound inventory cards and noise maps. Two methodological approaches are behind the production of these cards. The first is based on sound recordings measured and georeferenced on the territory using sound level meters, or applications installed on tablets/smartphones. The second is used to model the propagation of the acoustic wave in relation to the objects present on the territory (i.e. buildings, trees, etc.). Although this second approach considers the different environmental factors that can weaken the acoustic wave like atmospheric absorption (caused by wind, temperature, etc.), the geometric divergence and the nature of the cover of soil, it is found that it is poorly documented in the scientific literature, when no sound sensor is used to produce sound cards. The main objective is to define a generic method for modeling the acoustic propagation of a territory using multi-source geospatial data including very high resolution images. Thus, using geomatic tools, it is possible to represent the interaction that exists between the sound wave and the environmenta l objects that make up this territory. It is then possible from a sound source and sound receiving points to make so-called spatio-phonic cards
Jacquet, Olivier. "Analyse statistique des processus ponctuels spatio-temporels de propagation sur une grille." Antilles-Guyane, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AGUY0245.
Full textThe origin of the work presented in this thesis is a problem of epidemiology in the field of agricultural crops. It is to model the spread of disease on an experimental plot. Individuals statistics, in this case the plants of this plot, are regularly arranged on the nodes on a grid. In such situations, harvest data, in general, dates successive positions of the new infected individuals, putting in place various strategies depending on the size of parcels or human resources and technology available. Ifone is not limited by the cost and effort of observation, the ideal method is to make the exhaustive sampling ie observe the condition ofeach individual on the plot. However, for reasons ofcost observation, we can not have the status of individuals on the grid than the dates of observation data. There fore, if at date S t_OS we have all infected plants S 1_{t_O}S and at date S t_lS we have S1_{t_l}S, a methodological approach is to consider the possible order of infection between S t_0S and S t_l S. The purpose ofthis work is to propose a model for the spatial and temporal evolution of a disease on a regular grid and develop statistical inference of this model for data consisting of infection cards reported on dates fixed widely spaced so that the precise dates ofinfection are missing data. The plan of this thesis in to two parts. \\ In the first, we recall the main tools ofstatistical analysis of ad hoc spatial and/or temporal processes, and a summary on Bayesi an analysis and Markovian exploration techniques which will be used to infer and optimize the parameters of interest. In the second part of the thesis, we present a model inspired by the propagation model Gibson (1996) and various methodologies to tackle the problem of statistical inference in Chapter 3. The proposed methods can be classified in to two broad families. As a first step, we can consider inference techniques that take into account only the temporal order ofarrival of events between the dates ofobservation St_0S and St_lS. These techniques range from the use of simple Monte Carlo methods to generation of Markov chain. In a second time, the methodology is to generate the precise dates of occurrence of events between the dates of observations S t_0S and S t_l St, then usin the theory of Bayes combined with Markov chains to estimate the parameters of interest
Florin, Charles. "Segmentation à partir de modèles probabilistes spatio-temporels à information clairsemée : contributions et applications." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENPC0707.
Full textRekaya, Ben Othman Ghaya. "Nouvelles constructions algébriques de codes spatio-temporels atteignant le compromis "Multiplexage-Diversité"." Paris, ENST, 2004. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001464.
Full textA great interest has been accorded to Multi-Input Multi-Output systems due to the largecapacity they can offer. Optimal Space-Time codes are full rate, full rank and have optimal coding gain. Unfortunately, the best existingcodes suffer from vanishing determinants as spectral efficiency grows. In our work, we propose two new constructions of Space-Time codes that are full rate, fullrank and have non-vanishing determinants. Cyclic division algebras with center Q(i) and Q( j)are our essential mathematical tool for these codes' constructions. The first ones are the ”QuaternionicST codes”. However, for a number of antennas larger than 2, the non-uniform energydistribution in the codeword penalizes their performances. To alleviate this problem, we haveconstructed a newfamily of codes, called ”Perfect ST codes”. These codes are characterized by agood energy efficiency given by an uniform energy distribution and transmitted constellationshave no shaping loss compared to the signal constellation. Quaternionic and Perfect codesachieve the diversity-multiplexing tradeoff. Quaternonic and Perfect codes are decodable by lattice decoders, Sphere Decoder andSchnorr-Euchner, by considering their lattice representations. These decoders are usually usedto decode infinite lattices. As we consider finite constellations, modified versions of both decodersare proposed. By comparing their complexities,we conclude that Schnorr-Euchner is better. Lattice reduction is used to accelerate the decoding of infinite lattices. As algebraic lattices are used in our Space-Time codes' construction, we propose a new algebraic lattice reduction for single antenna systems on fast faing channels
Chevallier, Juliette. "Statistical models and stochastic algorithms for the analysis of longitudinal Riemanian manifold valued data with multiple dynamic." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLX059/document.
Full textBeyond transversal studies, temporal evolution of phenomena is a field of growing interest. For the purpose of understanding a phenomenon, it appears more suitable to compare the evolution of its markers over time than to do so at a given stage. The follow-up of neurodegenerative disorders is carried out via the monitoring of cognitive scores over time. The same applies for chemotherapy monitoring: rather than tumors aspect or size, oncologists asses that a given treatment is efficient from the moment it results in a decrease of tumor volume. The study of longitudinal data is not restricted to medical applications and proves successful in various fields of application such as computer vision, automatic detection of facial emotions, social sciences, etc.Mixed effects models have proved their efficiency in the study of longitudinal data sets, especially for medical purposes. Recent works (Schiratti et al., 2015, 2017) allowed the study of complex data, such as anatomical data. The underlying idea is to model the temporal progression of a given phenomenon by continuous trajectories in a space of measurements, which is assumed to be a Riemannian manifold. Then, both a group-representative trajectory and inter-individual variability are estimated. However, these works assume an unidirectional dynamic and fail to encompass situations like multiple sclerosis or chemotherapy monitoring. Indeed, such diseases follow a chronic course, with phases of worsening, stabilization and improvement, inducing changes in the global dynamic.The thesis is devoted to the development of methodological tools and algorithms suited for the analysis of longitudinal data arising from phenomena that undergo multiple dynamics and to apply them to chemotherapy monitoring. We propose a nonlinear mixed effects model which allows to estimate a representative piecewise-geodesic trajectory of the global progression and together with spacial and temporal inter-individual variability. Particular attention is paid to estimation of the correlation between the different phases of the evolution. This model provides a generic and coherent framework for studying longitudinal manifold-valued data.Estimation is formulated as a well-defined maximum a posteriori problem which we prove to be consistent under mild assumptions. Numerically, due to the non-linearity of the proposed model, the estimation of the parameters is performed through a stochastic version of the EM algorithm, namely the Markov chain Monte-Carlo stochastic approximation EM (MCMC-SAEM). The convergence of the SAEM algorithm toward local maxima of the observed likelihood has been proved and its numerical efficiency has been demonstrated. However, despite appealing features, the limit position of this algorithm can strongly depend on its starting position. To cope with this issue, we propose a new version of the SAEM in which we do not sample from the exact distribution in the expectation phase of the procedure. We first prove the convergence of this algorithm toward local maxima of the observed likelihood. Then, with the thought of the simulated annealing, we propose an instantiation of this general procedure to favor convergence toward global maxima: the tempering-SAEM
Joo, Arakawa Rocío. "A behavioral ecology of fishermen : hidden stories from trajectory data in the Northern Humboldt Current System." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20224/document.
Full textThis work proposes an original contribution to the understanding of fishermen spatial behavior, based on the behavioral ecology and movement ecology paradigms. Through the analysis of Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) data, we characterized the spatial behavior of Peruvian anchovy fishermen at different scales: (1) the behavioral modes within fishing trips (i.e., searching, fishing and cruising); (2) the behavioral patterns among fishing trips; (3) the behavioral patterns by fishing season conditioned by ecosystem scenarios; and (4) the computation of maps of anchovy presence proxy from the spatial patterns of behavioral mode positions. At the first scale considered, we compared several Markovian (hidden Markov and semi-Markov models) and discriminative models (random forests, support vector machines and artificial neural networks) for inferring the behavioral modes associated with VMS tracks. The models were trained under a supervised setting and validated using tracks for which behavioral modes were known (from on-board observers records). Hidden semi-Markov models performed better, and were retained for inferring the behavioral modes on the entire VMS dataset. At the second scale considered, each fishing trip was characterized by several features, including the time spent within each behavioral mode. Using a clustering analysis, fishing trip patterns were classified into groups associated to management zones, fleet segments and skippers' personalities. At the third scale considered, we analyzed how ecological conditions shaped fishermen behavior. By means of co-inertia analyses, we found significant associations between fishermen, anchovy and environmental spatial dynamics, and fishermen behavioral responses were characterized according to contrasted environmental scenarios. At the fourth scale considered, we investigated whether the spatial behavior of fishermen reflected to some extent the spatial distribution of anchovy. Finally, this work provides a wider view of fishermen behavior: fishermen are not only economic agents, but they are also foragers, constrained by ecosystem variability. To conclude, we discuss how these findings may be of importance for fisheries management, collective behavior analyses and end-to-end models
Julea, Andreea Maria. "Extraction de motifs spatio-temporels dans des séries d'images de télédétection : application à des données optiques et radar." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00652810.
Full textObjois, Matthieu. "Langages de requêtes temporels, extraction de connaissances temporelles et application aux flux de données." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112092.
Full textA temporal database can be seen as a finite sequence of classical relational databases. Within this framework, we first consider an open problem concerning the relative expressive power of some known temporal query languages: mu-TL (Vardi, 1988) on the one hand, and T-FIXPOINT and T-WHILE (Abiteboul et al. , 1999) on the other hand. We prove that these languages are equivalent over most temporal databases. On the basis that known temporal query languages do not allow to extract temporal information, we then introduce and define query languages able to extract such information, and we analyse their properties. Finally, we consider data streams. In the literature, two paradigms have been introduced to continuously query streams: the single-data approach and the window approach. We formalize both paradigms by the way of Turing-like state machines, and we show that the machines have the same expressive power, under some hypothesis
Minout, Mohammed. "Modélisation des aspects temporels dans les bases de données spatiales." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210672.
Full textEtant donné ces nouveaux besoins, cette thèse se focalise sur la modélisation et l'implantation des aspects temporels dans bases de données. En effet, la conception d'une application de base de données se fait par un enchaînement de trois phases (conceptuelle, logique et physique). Au niveau conceptuel, plusieurs modèles conceptuels ont été proposés intégrant les caractéristiques temporelles et spatiales.
Malheureusement, au niveau logique, les modèles de données des SGBD actuels n'offrent pas les concepts nécessaires pour implanter le modèle conceptuel spatio-temporel. Nous proposons donc de nouvelles règles de traductions d'un schéma conceptuel, basé sur le modèle MADS (Modélisation des Applications à des données spatio-temporelles), en un schéma logique MADSLog pour les modèles cibles à savoir :relationnel et relationnel-objet. Chaque règle transforme un concept structurel, temporel et spatial du modèle MADS en un ou plusieurs concepts supportés par la cible. Par exemple, la propriété spatiale définissant la géométrie d'un type d'objet est traduite par la création d'un nouvel attribut de type spatial dans ce type d'objet. Un outil CASE(Computer-Aided Software Engineering) appelé Schema Translateur est développé dans cette thèse implémentant toutes les règles de traductions.
La traduction de schémas conceptuels en schémas logiques peut impliquer une perte sémantique en raison de la différence de la puissance d'expression entre le modèle conceptuel et le modèle de données des SGBD existants. D'où la nécessité de générer un ensemble de contraintes d'intégrité afin de préserver la sémantique définie dans le schéma conceptuel. Ces contraintes sont exprimées à ce niveau par des formules logiques.
Avec l'apparition de GML (Geographic Markup Language ) qui est conçu pour la modélisation, le transport et le stockage d'informations géographiques. Nous transformons également le schéma conceptuel MADS en GML. De nouveaux schémas GML temporel et spatial sont définis qui peuvent être employés par n'importe application de base de données spatio-temporelle.
Au niveau physique, nous proposons une méthode d'adaptation du schéma logique en schéma physique pour le modèle relationnel-objet.
Elle permet de définir les tables, les types abstraits, les types d'objets, les domaines, etc. Notre proposition permet aussi la génération des contraintes d'intégrité au niveau physique. En effet, chaque contrainte d'intégrité (structurelle, temporelle ou spatiale) qui est définie en calcul logique est exprimée soit directement par des contraintes déclaratives ou soit par des déclencheurs du SGBD choisi. Les déclencheurs spatiaux sont fondés sur les fonctionnalités prédéfinies dans Oracle, alors que les déclencheurs temporels sont basés sur les opérateurs et méthodes appliquées sur les types temporels.
Enfin, la traduction de requêtes est une deuxième clef de cette recherche. Le but de la traduction de requêtes, exprimées en algèbre, étant de reconstituer l'information au sens MADS à partir de la base de données stockées dans le SGDB cible. Elle permet de traduire les expressions algébriques MADS, qui sont définies sur le schéma conceptuel et non sur le schéma physique, en requêtes opérationnelles qui peuvent être exécutées sur une base de données spatiale et temporelle sous un SGBD ou un SIG.
Doctorat en sciences appliquées
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Abu-Awwad, Abdul-Fattah. "Sur l’inférence statistique pour des processus spatiaux et spatio-temporels extrêmes." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1079/document.
Full textNatural hazards such as heat waves, extreme wind speeds, and heavy rainfall, arise due to physical processes and are spatial or spatio-temporal in extent. The development of models and inference methods for these processes is a very active area of research. This thesis deals with the statistical inference of extreme and rare events in both spatial and spatio-temporal settings. Specifically, our contributions are dedicated to two classes of stochastic processes: spatial max-mixture processes and space-time max-stable processes. The proposed methodologies are illustrated by applications to rainfall data collected from the East of Australia and from a region in the State of Florida, USA. In the spatial part, we consider hypothesis testing for the mixture parameter a of a spatial maxmixture model using two classical statistics: the Z-test statistic Za and the pairwise likelihood ratio statistic LRa. We compare their performance through an extensive simulation study. The pairwise likelihood is employed for estimation purposes. Overall, the performance of the two statistics is satisfactory. Nevertheless, hypothesis testing presents some difficulties when a lies on the boundary of the parameter space, i.e., a ∈ {0,1}, due to the presence of additional nuisance parameters which are not identified under the null hypotheses. We apply this testing framework in an analysis of exceedances over a large threshold of daily rainfall data from the East of Australia. We also propose a novel estimation procedure to fit spatial max-mixture processes with unknown extremal dependence class. The novelty of this procedure is to provide a way to make inference without specifying the distribution family prior to fitting the data. Hence, letting the data speak for themselves. In particular, the estimation procedure uses nonlinear least squares fit based on a closed form expression of the so-called Fλ-madogram of max-mixture models which contains the parameters of interest. We establish the consistency of the estimator of the mixing parameter a. An indication for asymptotic normality is given numerically. A simulation study shows that the proposed procedure improves empirical coefficients for the class of max-mixture models. In an analysis of monthly maxima of Australian daily rainfall data, we implement the proposed estimation procedure for diagnostic and confirmatory purposes. In the spatio-temporal part, based on a closed form expression of the spatio-temporal Fmadogram, we suggest a semi-parametric estimation methodology for space-time max-stable processes. This part provides a bridge between geostatistics and extreme value theory. In particular, for regular grid observations, the spatio-temporal F-madogram is estimated nonparametrically by its empirical version and a moment-based procedure is applied to obtain parameter estimates. The performance of the method is investigated through an extensive simulation study. Afterward, we apply this method to quantify the extremal behavior of radar daily rainfall maxima data from a region in the State of Florida. This approach could serve as an alternative or a prerequisite to pairwise likelihood estimation. Indeed, the semi-parametric estimates could be used as starting values for the optimization algorithm used to maximize the pairwise log-likelihood function in order to reduce the computational burden and also to improve the statistical efficiency
Joliveau, Marc. "Réduction de séries chronologiques de trafic routier urbain issues d'un réseau de capteurs géoréférencés et extraction de motifs spatio-temporels." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ECAP1087.
Full textEtienne, Laurent. "Motifs spatio-temporels de trajectoires d'objets mobiles, de l'extraction à la détection de comportements inhabituels : application au trafic maritime." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00667953.
Full textSor, Ratha. "Modélisation des changements spatio-temporels des communautés de macroinvertébrés benthiques dans les rivières d'Asie et d'Europe." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30148/document.
Full textOverall aims: Freshwater tropical and temperate river systems are known to support different biotic communities. In this study, I investigated benthic macroinvertebrate community composition and diversity and its spatial and temporal variation both in tropical Asian and temperate European regions. I also examined the influences of physical-chemical water quality variables on community composition, variations and diversity, and modelled the occurrence of selected species. Locations: Tropical Asia: the Lower Mekong Basin (LMB), covering an area of 609,000 km2; Temperate Europe: Western Europe, Flemish rivers (Belgium), covering an area of 13,787 km2. Materials and Methods: For the LMB, data collected from 2004 to 2008 were used, and median values of this period were analysed. For Flemish rivers, data collected from 1991 to 2010 were used. The data were divided into 4 periods: D1: 1991-1995, D2: 1996-2000, D3: 2001-2005 and D4: 2006-2010. The medians of each period were used for detailed spatial analyses. Multivariate analyses were applied to relate community composition and diversity to physical-chemical variables. Five modelling techniques namely Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Classification Tree (CT) were used to model the occurrence of selected species. Main results: Community composition variations, diversity and relationship with environmental variables From the LMB, 299 macroinvertebrate taxa belonging to 196 genera and 90 families were identified: 131 insects, 98 molluscs, 38 crustaceans, and 32 annelids
Pollard, Evangeline. "Evaluation de situations dynamiques multicibles par fusion de données spatio-temporelles." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00536071.
Full textSirakov, Nikolay. "Modélisation de la dynamique de population d une plante native (palmier babaçu) dans le cadre d'un projet de gestion durable au Brésil." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT302/document.
Full textThe babassu palm tree (Attalea speciosa Mart. ex Spreng.) is an endemic species of the amazonian forests. The deforestation highlights henceforth this palm tree in the anthropogenic open areas (pastures and cultivated fields). The babassu is one of the "extractive" resources in Brazil: gathering activity followed by marketing of non-timber products. This activity involves people among the most disadvantaged in the country thus the importance to better manage its sustainability in a context of conflict. It is clear that knowledge of sustainable functioning of the species within these manmade environments is sorely lacking: its life cycle is not well known and its population dynamics unstudied.This PhD work is pioneer and is a part of an Open Science interdisciplinary project of the Agropolis foundation. The objective is twofold it is to generate a model of population dynamics of the babassu palm tree validated by in situ analysis and capitalizing knowledge from various scientific communities (biologists, ecologists, mathematicians, computer scientists and economists from France and Brazil). In the long-term the model should support the recommendations for the sustainable management of the species.Our approach explicit within different models the shared knowledge about the species and the potential mathematical models as well as the societal context. This has allowed us to provide an observation model compliant with the recommendations ofOBOE (Ontology on a semantic scientific observations) for the development of data acquisition protocol. The acquisition was made in situ by the French-Brazilian partnership between 2013 and 2016 in the community of Benfica (Pará, Brazil). The perpetuation of the data was made after conception, within a spatial database taking into account the socio-economic aspect.Finally, we proposed a random matrix model having as input aggregated variables based on the biological stages of the species. The probabilities of the between stages transition matrix are modeled using a hierarchical Dirichlet-Multinomial model. The integration of prior information was formulated through a Bayesian approach. The estimation and model validation were performed with Bayesian criteria.Simulations based on the estimated parameters represent a first outline of the study of the species behavior
Batton-Hubert, Mireille. "Intégration d'une simulation spatio-temporelle à un modèle topologique et numérique de terrain." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066116.
Full textBaazizi, Mohamed-Amine. "Analyse statique pour l’optimisation des mises à jour de documents XML temporels." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112148/document.
Full textThe last decade has witnessed a rapid expansion of XML as a format for representing and exchanging data through the web. In order to follow this evolution, many languages have been proposed to query, update or transform XML documents. At the same time, a range set of systems allowing to store and process XML documents have been developed. Among these systems, main-memory engines are lightweight systems that are the favored choice for applications that do not require complex functionalities of traditional DBMS such as transaction management and secondary storage indexes. These engines require to loading the documents to be processed entirely into main-memory. Consequently, they suffer from space limitations and are not able to process quite large documents. In this thesis, we investigate issues related to the evolution of XML documents and to the management of the temporal dimension for XML. This thesis consists of two parts sharing the common goal of developing efficient techniques for processing large XML documents using main-memory engines. The first part investigates the optimization of update for static XML documents. We have developed a technique based on XML projection, a method that has been proposed to overcome the limitations of main-memory engines in the case of querying. We have devised for a new scenario for projection allowing the propagation of the updates effects. The second of the thesis investigates building and maintaining time-stamped XML documents under space limitations. Our contribution consists in two methods. The first method can be applied in the general case where no restriction is made on the evolution of the XML documents. This method is designed to be performed in streaming and allows thus processing large documents. The second method deals with the case where the changes are specified by updates. It is based on the projection paradigm which it allows it for processing large documents and for generating time-stamped documents satisfactory from the point of view of storage. We provide a means to comparing time-stamped wrt space occupancy
Deville, Romain. "Spatio-temporal grid mining applied to image classification and cellular automata analysis." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI046/document.
Full textDuring this thesis, we consider the exhaustive graph mining problem for a special kind of graphs : the grids. Theses grids can be used to model objects that present a regular structure. These structures are naturally present in multiple board games (checkers, chess or go for instance) or in ecosystems models using cellular automata. It is also possible to find this structure in a lower level in images, which are 2D grids of pixels, or even in videos, which are 2D+t spatio-temporal grids of pixels. In this thesis, we proposed a new algorithm to find frequent patterns dedicated to spatio-temporal grids, GriMA. Use of regular grids allow our algorithm to reduce the complexity of the isomorphisms test. These tests are often use by generic graph mining algorithm but because of their complexity, they are rarely used on real data. Two applications were proposed to evaluate our algorithm: image classification for 2D grids mining and prediction of cellular automata for 2D+t grids mining
Joumaa, Chibli. "Analyse de données évolutives par caractérisation spatio-temporelle et modélisation stochastique de la mobilité." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00607504.
Full textSanhes, Jeremy. "Contribution à la fouille de données spatio-temporelles : application à l'étude de l'érosion." Thesis, Nouvelle Calédonie, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NCAL0065/document.
Full textSpatio-temporal events denote a large range of phenomena with different characteristics. For example, migration flows studies appear to be very different from disease spread studies. Indeed, interestingness of the first relies on tracking trajectories, whereas the second is about finding the factors of spread. Moreover, each class of a spatio-temporal problem can be tackled differently, depending on which parameters are considered: the studied spatial neighbourhood, the number of characteristics associated with the objects, or whether events are supposed correlated or independent. As a result, data mining techniques are often specificto a sub-class of spatio-temporal problem, that is to say, to a limited set of hypothesis.In order to bring out new knowledge from data, it seems to be necessary to enlarge this set of hypothesis, that is to say, to widen the field of possibilities regarding correlations that may exist between events. For this, we propose a new model that allows to take into account more considerations than existing studies. For example, this representation allows to model the complex spatio-temporal dynamic of erosion phenomenon: an object can be split up in several other objects, or can merge with other objects into one. More precisely, we use a single directed graph, that becomes acyclic thanks to the temporal component of the problem, and that is attributed by several characteristics
Mefteh, Wafa. "Approche ontologique pour la modélisation et le raisonnement sur les trajectoires : prise en compte des aspects thématiques, temporels et spatiaux." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LAROS405/document.
Full textThe evolution of systems capture data on moving objects has given birth to new generations of applications in various fields. Captured data, commonly called ”trajectories”, are at the heart of applications that analyze and monitor road, maritime and air traffic or also those that optimize public transport. They are also used in the video game, movies, sports and field biology to study animal behavior, by motion capture systems. Today, the data produced by these sensors are raw spatio-temporal characters hiding semantically rich and meaningful informations to an expert data. So, the objective of this thesis is to automatically associate the spatio-temporal data descriptions or concepts related to the behavior of moving objects, interpreted by humans, but also by machines. Based on this observation, we propose a process based on the experience of real-world moving objects, including vessel and plane, to an ontological model for the generic path. We present some applications of interest to experts in the field and show the inability to use the paths in their raw state. Indeed, the analysis of these queries identified three types of semantic components : thematic, spatial and temporal. These components must be attached to data paths leading to enter an annotation that transforms raw semantic paths process trajectories. To exploit the semantic trajectories, we construct a high-level ontology for the domain of the path which models the raw data and their annotations. Given the need of complete reasoning with concepts and spatial and temporal operators, we propose the solution for reuse of ontologies time space. In this thesis, we also present our results from a collaboration with a research team that focuses on the analysis and understanding of the behavior of marine mammals in their natural environment. We describe the process used in the first two areas, which share raw data representing the movement of seals to ontological trajectory model seals. We pay particular attention to the contribution of the upper ontology defined in a contextual framework for ontology application. Finally, this thesis presents the difficulty of implementation on real data size (hundreds of thousands) when reasoning through inference mechanisms using business rules
Darbon, Alexandre. "Épidémiologie sur réseau pour l'évaluation des risques dans la prévention et le contrôle des infections Network-based assessment of the vulnerability of Italian regions to bovine brucellosis Disease persistence on temporal contact networks accounting for heterogeneous infectious periods." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS077.
Full textMy doctoral thesis aims to propose solutions against the spread of infectious diseases in specific contexts, taking into account how host contacts evolve in time using a temporal network representation. It focuses on the determination of the epidemic threshold, a key indicator of the epidemic risk. By leveraging and extending a mathematical formalism from network theory, this work enables the computation of the epidemic threshold in real situations in order to identify public health measures. A first project addresses the persistence of bovine brucellosis in Italy despite the existing eradication measures. Using comprehensive data on cattle movements between Italian farms over several years, as well as time-stamped outbreak records, the epidemic threshold computation in each region of the country provides information on regions vulnerability and proposes factors that may explain disease persistence. An extension of the formalism is then presented, including heterogeneous average infectious periods in the epidemic threshold computation. This work shows in different epidemiological contexts how the classical assumption that the average infectious period is the same for all hosts in a population may bias epidemic risk assessments. This method also identifies the hosts in a population that are primarily responsible for the global epidemic risk
Bouba, Fanta. "Système d'information décisionnel sur les interactions environnement-santé : cas de la Fièvre de la Vallée du Rift au Ferlo (Sénégal)." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066461/document.
Full textOur research is in part of the QWeCI european project (Quantifying Weather and Climate Impacts on Health in Developing Countries, EU FP7) in partnership with UCAD, the CSE and the IPD, around the theme of environmental health with the practical case on vector-borne diseases in Senegal and particularly the Valley Fever (RVF). The health of human and animal populations is often strongly influenced by the environment. Moreover, research on spread factors of vector-borne diseases such as RVF, considers this issue in its dimension both physical and socio-economic. Appeared in 1912-1913 in Kenya, RVF is a widespread viral anthropo-zoonosis in tropical regions which concerns animals but men can also be affected. In Senegal, the risk area concerns mainly the Senegal River Valley and the forestry-pastoral areas Ferlo. With a Sahelian climate, the Ferlo has several ponds that are sources of water supply for humans and livestock but also breeding sites for potential vectors of RVF. The controlling of the RVF, which is crossroads of three (03) large systems (agro-ecological, pathogen, economic/health/social), necessarily entails consideration of several parameters if one wants to first understand the mechanisms emergence but also consider the work on risk modeling. Our work focuses on the decision making process for quantify the use of health data and environmental data in the impact assessment for the monitoring of RVF. Research teams involved produce data during their investigations periods and laboratory analyzes. The growing flood of data should be stored and prepared for correlated studies with new storage techniques such as datawarehouses. About the data analysis, it is not enough to rely only on conventional techniques such as statistics. Indeed, the contribution on the issue is moving towards a predictive analysis combining both aggregate storage techniques and processing tools. Thus, to discover information, it is necessary to move towards datamining. Furthermore, the evolution of the disease is strongly linked to environmental spatio-temporal dynamics of different actors (vectors, viruses, and hosts), cause for which we rely on spatio-temporal patterns to identify and measure interactions between environmental parameters and the actors involved. With the decision-making process, we have obtained many results :i. following the formalization of multidimensional modeling, we have built an integrated datawarehouse that includes all the objects that are involved in managing the health risk - this model can be generalized to others vector-borne diseases;ii. despite a very wide variety of mosquitoes, Culex neavei, Aedes ochraceus and Aedes vexans are potential vectors of FVR. They are most present in the study area and, during the rainy season period which is most prone to suspected cases; the risk period still remains the month of October;iii. the analyzed ponds have almost the same behavior, but significant variations exist in some points.This research shows once again the interest in the discovery of relationships between environmental data and the FVR with datamining methods for the spatio-temporal monitoring of the risk of emergence
Mahdi, Khouloud. "Modèle d'exploitation de flux d'événements complexes (CEP) par des patrons spatiotemporels agrégés dans un contexte de réseau de distribution énergétique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29754.
Full textTandeo, Pierre. "MODÉLISATION SPATIO-TEMPORELLE D'UNE VARIABLE QUANTITATIVE À PARTIR DE DONNÉES MULTI-SOURCES APPLICATION À LA TEMPÉRATURE DE SURFACE DES OCÉANS." Phd thesis, Agrocampus - Ecole nationale supérieure d'agronomie de rennes, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00582679.
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