Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modèles Économétriques'
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Hamann, Nathalie. "Étude des tests d'exogénéité dans les modèles économétriques." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8272.
Full textBabii, Andrii. "Essays on econometrics models with endogeneity." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU10008.
Full textThis thesis consists of four independent chapters on estimation, inference, and testing in nonparametric and high-dimensional econometric models with endogneity. The first chapter provides novel methods for inference in a very general class of ill-posed models in econometrics, encompassing the nonparametric instrumental regression, different functional regressions, and density deconvolution. This chapter addresses the problem of construction of uniform confidence sets for the parameter of interest estimated with Tikhonov regularization. It is shown that it is not possible to develop inferential methods directly based on the uniform central limit theorem. To circumvent this difficulty two approaches that lead to valid confidence sets are developed. Expected diameters and coverage properties are studied uniformly over a large class of models (i.e. constructed confidence sets are honest). Finally, using Monte Carlo simulations and considering application to Engel curves, it is demonstrated that introduced confidence sets have reasonable width and coverage properties in samples commonly used in applications. In the second chapter I study a variation of the linear IV regression model with high-dimensional endogenous component, called the functional linear instrumental regression (FLIR). The distinguishing feature of the model is that it can handle high-dimensionality, without relying on sparsity restrictions. It is shown that identification in this model can be achieved with a single real-valued instrumental variable under the linear completeness condition. Two estimators based on the Tikhonov and sieve regularizations are studied. Upper bounds on the mean-integrated squared errors and corresponding convergence rates are obtained. In the third chapter in collaboration with Jean-Pierre Florens, we develop a uniform asymptotic expansion for the empirical distribution function of residuals in the nonparametric IV regression. Such expansion opens a door for building a broad range of residual-based specification tests in nonparametric IV models. Building on obtained result, we develop a test for the separability of unobservable in econometric models with endogeneity. The test is based on verifying the independence condition between residuals of the NPIV estimator and the instrument and can distinguish between the non-separable and the separable specification under endogeneity. The last fourth chapter studies estimation and inference in non-identified and/or weakly identified ill-posed inverse models. We show that in the case of identification failures, a very general family of continuously-regularized estimators is consistent for the best approximation of the parameter of interest and obtain L2 and L∞ convergence rates for this general class of regularization schemes, including Tikhonov, iterated Tikhonov, Landweber-Fridman, and spectral 1 cut-off. Unlike in the identified case, estimation of the operator has non-negligible impact on the estimation and inference. We develop inferential methods for linear functionals in potentially non-identified models. Lastly, we demonstrate the discontinuity in the asymptotic distribution in case of weak identification. In particular, the estimator has a degenerate U-process type behavior, in the extreme case of weak identification
Carrasco, Marine. "Économétrie des modèles dynamiques avec ruptures." Toulouse 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU10043.
Full textOur concern is the study of dynamic models with breaks. In our first, essay, we are interested in the choice of one model among three frequent dynamic models which exhibit jumps. We derive the asymptotic distribution of the test statistics of parameter stability when the model is misspecified. It is shown that when the threshold model is misspecified, the power of the test of a linear model is high. For the structural change, the power remains low. In order to distinguish between the two stationary models, we construct Wald encompassing tests. Our second objective is to define a "continuous" generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator to handle infinity of moment conditions. If a nonstationary process is observed in continuous time, there is a continuum of moment conditions available. Our estimator is shown to be consistent and asymptotically normal. The determination of the asymptotic optimal weighting function consists in solving a Fredholm equation. In our third essay, we consider a single change in the drift of a Brownian motion. First, we estimate the slope and the jump timings and then we construct an estimator of the density of the change points using a deconvolution kernel. The rate of convergence of the mise is faster than that obtained usually for data observed with errors
Legros, Diégo. "Innovation, formation, qualité et performances des entreprises : Une étude économétrique sur données d'entreprises." Paris 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA020106.
Full textCogneau, Denis. "Inégalités et développement : quatre études économétriques." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0034.
Full textRocheteau, Guillaume. "Macroéconomie des frictions de l'échange : chômage et monnaie." Paris 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA020068.
Full textEbeido, Kebieh Amira. "Test d'hypothèses et modèles aléatoires autorégressifs." Paris 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA020091.
Full textPatrat, Nathalie. "La modélisation en temps continu : des fondements économétriques aux applications économiques." Paris 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA020011.
Full textThe first part introduces the importance of time in economic analysis. We recall, in chapter 1, the evolution which leads from a static analysis to dynamics and which consists in explicitly introducing the element of time in the analysis. In chapter 2, we present the advantages of modeeling in continuous time. They include the processing of flow variables, the mechanisms of partial adjustment, the continuous nature of aggregated variables. . . We also present a review of literature on modelling in continuous time, both theoretical and empirical. After a review of the necessary mathematical tools (chapter 4), we present the econometric foundations of the modelling and of the estimation of models in continuous time. The latter are written as systems of stochastic differential equations for which it is necessary to find a discrete equivalent. We begin with linear differential equations of order 1 and we proceed to non linear systems and/or of order larger than 1 (chapter 5 and 6). Chapter 7 is devoted to the method of the full information maximum likelihood, used for the estimation of continuous time models. The third part of this thesis consists of two applications. The first one is a model of factors demand. It is a model of cash-flow maximisation of a representative firm in the presence of adjustment costs, both on labour and on capital, in order to + stick ; as much as possible to the reality. The model in continuous time is compared to a usual model in discrete time. The estimates of the model in continuous time provide better results because they allow to distinguish between stock and flow variables. The last chapter presents a model of the french economy. We have built and estimated a macroeconomic model in continuous time and applied it to french data covering 1975-90. Factors demand were introduced into our model. We considered three different factors : capital, size of the labour force and the working time. Thus we can determine the influence of the reduction of working time on the employment. Our results indicate that the change from a 39 hours week to a 35 hours week would create 400000 jobs
Ouertani, Nadia. "Les modèles économétriques des prévisions des investissements industriels en Tunisie." Paris, EHESS, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EHES0099.
Full textThe econometric modelisation of the investments forecastings, is a theme which always has focused and constroversed by the researchers in mathematical economy. Generally, the econometric analysis of the investment determinants is based on some classical methods : ols, gls or panel datas. Precisely, the deepened analysis of some academic works in tunisia, lets to appear some thoretical and empirical insufficiencies and a fragment approach of the question which favorates the real variables. The purpose pursued by this research is multiple: - proceed simultaneously to a real macroeconomic and microeconomic analysis of the tunisian industrial investment which is actually inexistant. The purpose here is to elaborate some important ratios concerning the economics and financial caracteristics of the tunisian economy. The method of datas analysis have allowed to suggest a new sectorial typologie different from the one advocated by the national institute of statistics (ins). This is can be considered as a previous step to the research of the equations specifications of the tunisian investments. - adapt the econometrics models to the reality which is both changing and permanent. Indeed, the recent deterioration of econometrics adjustments of the investment, requires the use of more sophisticates models. According to this purpose, we have, first, examined the question using the variables coefficients models. In a second step, a tentative has done in order to distinguish the short term dynamics of the long term relations of the investment behaviour. The cointegration theory and the errors correction models were so that examined
Redjdal, Kaci. "Approche heuristique dans une stratégie de modélisation économétrique." Aix-Marseille 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX32013.
Full textThe problem treated in this thesis is the once of the modelisation of data broad list, by the artificial intelligence and knowledge system methods. So we propose an heuristic strategy of modelisation wich dull also with classicals statistics criterions and hypothesis transgress in the linear econometrics models estimation. We are going to define a quality index of the model by a sextuple wich represent the measure of colinearity of the exogeneous variables, the measure of heterogeneous variances, measure of correlated error and influence statictics, the coefficient of determination and mallows statistics. Our strategy based on interactive recursive system will agree to build a basis of plausible models. From this basis according the quality index will be deducted the most plausible model. An estimation method will be applied to the model to compute the estimations of the parameters and to determine the forecast values
Cudeville, Elisabeth. "Monnaie, crédit et cycles : analyses théoriques et applications au cas français." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010021.
Full textKaramé, Frédéric. "Créations, suppressions et réalllocations agrégées des emplois en France et aux États-Unis : modélisations et validations économétriques." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010069.
Full textFabrizi, Simona. "Essays on competition in telecommunications." Toulouse 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU10072.
Full textChapter one treats fixed and mobile services. Non-reciprocal, lower than termination costs, access charges should be adopted for their asymmetric provision. A price discrimination and negotiated reciprocal access charges should be accepted otherwise. Chapter two considers incumbent operators competing domestically while deciding their reciprocal international settlement rate : inflated settlement and collection rates, and lover traffic are induced unless a receiver pays principle is applied. Chapter three investigates networks' decision to upgrade their technology : either networks adopt both the new, or the old, technology, or only one adopts it, depending on the quality-seeking and conservative consumers as compared to its adoption cost. Chapter four examines competition over coverage, with cross-access of Mobile Internet services. Entire coverage is guaranteed, but not duplication inflates network's rents unless a minimum coverage, or a control over the roaming charges are required
Lecourt, Christelle. "Les variations de taux de change au jour le jour : une approche économétrique à partir des processus à mémoire longue." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2000/50374-2000-3.pdf.
Full textHorny, Guillaume. "Modèles de durée multivariés avec hétérogénéité multiple : applications au marché du travail." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/HORNY_Guillaume_2006.pdf.
Full textMany important questions in economics, and especially on the labor market, can be answered by the time elapsed in a given state. The individal behaviours differ and can traduce some complex interaction patterns that the econometrician observes only partially. This thesis is about handling a multiple unobserved heterogeneity in duration models. The existing tools to estimate duration models with several frailties are derived from parametric models and are often specific. This thesis provides a methodological contribution with more flexible semi-parametric approaches. We propose a general procedure to lead the inference in duration models with frailties, which is quicker and numerically more stable than the reference algorithm. We also pay particular attention to comparison of frequentist and Bayesian approaches, which enables us to model complex interaction patterns. The thesis also contributes to the methodological literature on the labor market. We are investigating it's regulation by the International Labour Organization (ILO), and our results indicate that conventions asking for only a broad agreement on general questions are ratified more easily than the more specific ones. Proximity between a convention implications and the legal and economic systems is a determining factor, more important than political guidelines or potential trade sanctions. We are also studying the job mobility with matched employers-employees data. Most studies do not include firms' retention policies, as it is unobserved, and we show that they differ largely from one firm to another. Moreover, the results let us think that the fit between the firms' and workers' characteristics, unobserved by the statistician, influences job mobility
Houndetoungan, Elysée Aristide. "Essays on Social Networks and Time Series with Structural Breaks." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69494.
Full textThis dissertation, composed of three (03) separate chapters, develops new econometric modelsfor peer effects analysis and time series modelling.The first chapter (a joint work with Professor Vicent Boucher) studies a method for estimatingpeer effects through social networks when researchers do not observe the network structure. We assume that researchers know (a consistent estimate of) the distribution of the network. We show that this assumption is sufficient for the estimation of peer effects using a linear-in-means model. We propose an instrumental variables estimator and a Bayesian estimator. We present and discuss important examples where our methodology can be applied. We also present an application with the widely used Add Health database which presents many missing links. We estimate a model of peer effects on students’ academic achievement. We show that our Bayesian estimator reconstructs these missing links and leads to a valid estimate of peer effects. In particular, we show that disregarding missing links underestimates the endogenous peer effect on academic achievement. In the second chapter, I present a structural model of peer effects in which the dependent variable is counting (Number of cigarettes smoked, frequency of restaurant visits, frequency of participation in activities). The model is based on a static game with incomplete information in which individuals interact through a directed network and are influenced by their belief over the choice of their peers. I provide sufficient conditions under which the equilibrium of the game is unique. I show that using the standard linear-in-means spatial autoregressive (SAR) model or the SAR Tobit model to estimate peer effects on counting variables generated from the game asymptotically underestimates the peer effects. The estimation bias decreases when the range of the dependent counting variable increases. I estimate peer effects on the number of extracurricular activities in which students are enrolled. I find that increasing the number of activities in which a student’s friends are enrolled by one implies an increase in the number of activities in which the student is enrolled by 0.295, controlling for the endogeneity of the network. I also show that the peer effects are underestimated at 0.150 when ignoring the counting nature of the dependent variable. The third chapter (a joint work with Professor Arnaud Dufays and Professor Alain Coen) presents an approach for time series modelling. Change-point (CP) processes are one flexible approach to model long time series. Considering a linear-in-means models, we propose a method to relax the assumption that a break triggers a change in all the model parameters. To do so, we first estimate the potential break dates exhibited by the series and then we use a penalized likelihood approach to detect which parameters change. Because some segments in the CP regression can be small, we opt for a (nearly) unbiased penalty function, called the seamless-L0 (SELO) penalty function. We prove the consistency of the SELO estimator in detecting which parameters indeed vary over time and we suggest using a deterministic annealing expectation-maximisation (DAEM) algorithm to deal with the multimodality of the objective function. Since the SELO penalty function depends on two tuning parameters, we use a criterion to choose the best tuning parameters and as a result the best model. This new criterion exhibits a Bayesian interpretation which makes possible to assess the parameters’ uncertainty as well as the model’s uncertainty. Monte Carlo simulations highlight that the method works well for many time series models including heteroskedastic processes. For a sample of 14 Hedge funds (HF) strategies, using an asset based style pricing model, we shed light on the promising ability of our method to detect the time-varying dynamics of risk exposures as well as to forecast HF returns.
Hamadeh, Tawfik. "Inférence statistique de modèles GARCH non linéaires." Lille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL30048.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the statistical inference of two wide classes of non linear GARCH models. Firstly, several estimation methods of a class of power-transformed treshold GARCH models are considered in two situations. When the power of the transformation is known, the asymptotic properties of the quasi-maximum likelihood estimator (QMLE) are established under mild conditions. Two sequences of least-squares estimators are also considered in the pure ARCH case, and it is shown that they can be asymptotically more accurate than the QMLE for certain power transformations. In the case where the power of the transformation is jointly estimated with others parameters, the asymptotic properties of the QMLE are proven under the assumption that the noise has a density. Moreover, we establish the consistency and the asymptotic normality of a class of non-gaussian QML estimators in the case where alternatives to the classical QML estimator, especially, when the rescaled errors are heavy tailed. In the second part of this thesis, we introduce a general class of weak GARCH processes with contains a large family of volability models. This representation consists of two ARMA equations, the first one on the observed process and the second one on a function of its linear innovation. Under some moment conditions, strong mixing and stationarity assumptions, the asymptotic properties of two-stage least-squares estimator for the proposed model are established. We also consider the estimation of the asymptotic covariance matrix of this estimator
Dridi, Ramdan. "Essais sur les approches économétriques nonlinéaires : simulation, calibrage et modèles instrumentaux." Toulouse 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU10042.
Full textHaritchabalet, Carole. "Incertitude sur la qualité des biens : gestion des risques et apprentissage." Toulouse 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU10007.
Full textThis dissertation studies the consequences of quality uncertainty on production and consumption. In the first chapter, we consider goods which quality is uncertain for firms only. When a frim must determine the quantity of goods to produce before knowing which goods will be defective, its revenue is uncertain. The production in excess of demand (by producing reserve goods) appears as an instrumentin the management of these risks, this strategy being a generalisation of self protection. It is shown that this strategy is a complement to an insurance strategy. The second and third chapters of this dissertation deal with goods which quality is uncertain for firms and consumers. In this setting, a learning problem on the quality of these goods arises. In these two chapters, we are interested in the study of a particular strategic behavior of consumers which is a waiting behavior to learn information from other agent's consumptions. The objective of the second chapter is to analyse how this strategic behavior affects the pricing policy of two competitive firms. We show that this waiting behavior favours firms in the sense that they are able to extract all the informational surplus without waiting for this information. The use of options appears to be an efficient instrument to induce a waiting behavior. The third chapter analyses the decision of a durable goods monopolist to introduce a new technology. In addition to prices, the monopolist uses production as mean to convey information about the quality of its product. The monopolist can ration the demand to induce information revelation, flood the market when learning about its product quality is sufficient or give up production when the quality of the product is too low
Jouini, Jamel. "Approche économétrique des modèles avec changements structurels : quelques contributions." Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX24012.
Full textThis thesis explores the empirical evidence of the instability by uncovering structural breaks in economic and financial time series. In a first time, we were defined the structural change models and reviewed the most important results available in the econometric and statistical literature. Then, we were presented the main contributions of the thesis. Indeed, we were first proposed a detailed discussion of structural breaks in time series models based on parametric and nonparametric approaches. While the first approach broaches the instability problem in the time domain by uncovering structural breaks in time series, the nonparametric approach based on the Priestley evolutionary spectra, generalizing the usual definition of spectra for stationary processes, provides simultaneously the instability characteristics in the time and frequency domains by locating the unstable frequencies and the associated dates. We were proposed the use of bootstrap in connection of testing for structural breaks. The motivation for this lies in the fact that the asymptotic distribution theory of many of the break tests presented in the literature may not always be particularly useful in small-sample situations. The bootstrap turns out to be a very useful tool in that it allows surmounting efficiently these problems. The thesis was finally taken up a problem that has received plenty of attention in the recent time series literature: the relationship between structural breaks and long memory. The goal is to model the series with a process that takes into account the two concepts at the same time to investigate the effect of one on the other
Gaaloul, Sofiène. "Elaboration d'un modèle macro-économétrique d'analyse conjoncturelle et de prévision pour la Tunisie." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VERS001S.
Full textThis thesis aims to elaborate a macro-econometric model for the Tunisian economy which can serve as an analytical tool for economic diagnostics, simulation and short term forecasting. This model builds on a critical analysis of the main used national econometric models and is intended to understand the reality of the Tunisian economy and its future challenges. To this end, the model is distinguished by basic features namely the incorporation of the methodological change in the national accounting framework, the quantification of labor forces according to education level, the estimation of a wage-price loop and the State budget modeling
Bui, Minh Phuong. "Some interpretations and application of the concept of Prudence." Toulouse 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU10059.
Full textThis research is built in the framework of expected utility theory. The first essay studies the agents' behavior towards risk and uncertainty in the context of consumption externalities : an agent extracts utility not only from his own consumption but also from his peers' consumption. In the second essay, we considered an extension of the Arrow-Debreu model with incomplete market structure : assets are made contingent on the verifiable signals, not on the realized state (each signal may be associated to several states. The third essay studies individual's risk attitudes when utility is multidimensional. Using the concept of "harm-mitigation" (Eechoudt-Schlesinger 2003), we provide intuitive interpretations of the sign of cross-deritatives of the utility function. The fourtht essay discusses comparative Prudence and Temperance by means of a new concept so-called prudence and temperance premia. It also provides conditions on the distribution of the risk under which comparative risk aversion, comparative prudence and comparative temperance are preserved for all utility functions
Tiomo, André. "Econométrie de la demande d'actifs financiers par les ménages." Paris 9, 1997. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1997PA090069.
Full textThis thesis is structured in six chapters, and is especially related to the econometric analysis of household chapter one provides some necessary background in microeconomic of uncertainty; it starts with the introduction of the notion of expected utility maximization, risk aversion measures, dynamic programming and the induced intertemporal portfolio problem. It also presents our data set used in this framework. Chapters two and three focus on the effects of individual characteristics on the holding structure. It is found that households allocate their wealth among a very small subset of the assets available on the market. This lack of diversification may be explained by the existence of transaction, holding and monitoring costs, institutional restrictions such as minimum purchase requirement or short sales constraints, borrowing or liquidity constraints. . . Chapters four and five propose econometric specification of portfolio choice under several constraints. In chapter four, the model is based on the assumption that there are fixed costs of owning risky assets it derives demand functions for assets from an arbitrary form of the indirect utility function, which is consistent with any direct utility function. In chapter five, the econometric specification is based on a structural model of mean-variance portfolio choice under non-negativity constraints on the allocation. It leads to a multiregime model, where the associated likelihood functions allow multiple integrals, involving the use of the simulation based econometric methods. It is often suggested that the young investor should purchase more of the risky assets than old investor since these assets are long-term income-gains. The aim of the last chapter is to verify wether this assumption is true in the case of french households. We find that the share of the risky assets in the portfolio increases with the 'age' variable. We conclude giving some explanations to this phenomenon, which is clearly related to precautionary saving motives. The empirical implementations of the modellings in chapters one to five are based on microdata on security choice by french households provided by national institute of statistics and economic studies (insee) in 1992 whereas the last chapter uses data from the 'sofres' survey conducted in 1995
Pavan, Alessandro. "Essays on auctions and mechanism design." Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10032.
Full textFour essays in the theory of auctions and mechanism design. Chapter one introduces a Markovian revelation principle for common agency games ; chapter two derives the optimal disclosure policy ; chapter three considers a monopolist who sells a durable good, which is subsequently traded in a secondary market ; chapter four considers auctions for divisible goods, like Treasury securities
Recotillet, Isabelle. "Modélisation empirique des mobilités professionnelles des jeunes." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHESA052.
Full textLepine, Nathalie. "Information sur le risque en assurance et analyse empirique de sa perception individuelle." Toulouse 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU10068.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to demonstrate the role of information on individual risk of having an accident, as far as insurance market is concerned. In chapter 1, theories of informational asymmetries enable one to understand that the existence of an equilibrium and an optimum on that market depends on who holds information : are the companies more aware of the risk of their would-be customers (Rotschild and Stiglitz hypothesis) or is it the opposite ? Furthermore, what matters is the type of information : does it concern risk ex ante (before choosing insurance contract, Adverse Selection) or risk ex post (Moral Hazard) ? In chapter 2, I have surveyed the empirical literature (using econometrics or the experimental approach). Some of them deal with the insurance market as a whole : they test for the existence of informational asymmetries. Other studies only consider the demand side of he market : they examine the determinants of the insurance decision. In the light of these theoretical and emperical considerations, I have centred my research on the individual choice for an insurance contract (Chapter 3): I use the more precise notion of individual perception of risk, rather than the general notion of information on risk. By analysing a database of car drivers insured with a French company, I examine whether these individuals are realistic about their risk of being responsible for a car accident. Finally, my econometric models lead me to conclude that agents overestimate their own risk. I also present comparisons between those who have been responsible one year before and other drivers, as well as comparisons based on social and economic criteria. In my conclusion, I suggest possible uses for these results
Raïssi, Hamdi. "Contribution à l'inférence statistique des modèles vectoriels autorégressifs et à correction d'erreurs." Lille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL30039.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is to study the vector autoregressive models in the framework of uncorrelated but nonindependent errors. More precisely, by considering the behaviour of statistical tools and problems of estimation, we studied the validity in our framework of results which are available under the assumption of Gaussian iid innovations. We show that the asymptotic behaviour of the short run parameters and that of the residual autocorrelations are different from the standard case. Thus modified portmanteau tests whose asymptotic distribution is a sum of weighted chi-squares variables are proposed. We give an algorithm for the implementation of these tests. We study the behaviour of the estimator of the long run parameters and that of the likehood ratio test for the cointegrating rank. We find that the standard results for the long run relationships extend to our framework. We also show that the asymptotic behaviour of the estimators of the adjustment parameters are different from the iid gaussian case. We give theoretical examples which motivate our approach. The finite sample properties are studied by means of Monte Carlo experiments
Macé, Serge. "Externalités et modèles de croissance." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50374-1999-17.pdf.
Full textThis work is a critical analysis of the way by which externalities are introduced in some recent growth models. We first systematically look through the concrete aspects and the specific allocative problems of informational externalities. We especially show that their diffusion is often mediated by private or public intermediaries, one of the functions of which consists into the reduction of the appropriation cost for economic agents, that some peculiar and often neglected processes of internalization exist but simultaneously, that some others can't be internalized simply because they are unforeseeable. We next return to three ways of introducing external effects in growth models : the intergenerational transmission of human capital in education models, the joining of the externality to the physical capital in a model like romer [1986], and the joining to the human capital in the lucas [1988] model. We show that it is difficult to find one human capital conception that permits its intergenerational transmission despite of parental influence. We also deny the main arguments used to justify the idea of an externality on the physical capital, and especially the causality a la schmookler [1966] or the exploitation of intersectoral links. At least, after have set up that there were not significant + educational ; externalities for the growth process, family action excepted, we conclude that, even with the most favorable interpretation, the external advantage described by lucas isn't linked to the average level of human capital in the simple way its model supposes
Pentel, Alain. "Analyse économique de la mobilité résidentielle intra-urbaine dans l'agglomération lilloise." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2000/50374-2000-31.pdf.
Full textStempert, Philippe. "Modélisation du choix de l'échange : du marché à la hiérarchie : une reconsidération de O.E. Williamson." Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX24017.
Full textThis thesis takes place in the research agenda of the transaction costs economics. It focuses on williamson's works on asset specificity and comparative costs of production and governance. After the presentation of this model and its extension (riordan and williamson (1985), we attempt tp integrate, in the choice between market and hierarchy, some external factors like market structure and price. The model failure (doesn't match its objectives) conducts us to define a new protocol of choice : transaction break-even point and organizational uncertainty area. The conclusions imply first the introduction of learning and the firm's conception of the evolutionary theory and second the abandon of the neo-classic reference. The definition of production and organizational constraints illustrates this adoption. These last one are determined by the learning capacity of the firm and the item nature which become the the transaction core. Asset specificity no longer determines the transaction procedure, it contributes to its realization
Jubénot, Marie-Noëlle. "Stabilité des modèles macroéconométriques : stabilité des coefficients et des estimations." Paris 10, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA100080.
Full textPéguy, Pierre-Yves. "Analyse économique des configurations urbaines et de leur étalement." Lyon 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2000/peguy_py.
Full textCities in France are experiencing deep change as regards the spatial structure due to various forces. In general, the densities in city centers tend to decrease. The land occupied by the population and employment increases, pushing back its initial borders. Considered densities functions, we observe that the slope of these functions are flattening. The monocentric model and the economic geography identifies various factors for location choices for the households and firms. But theses models encounter some weakness. The standard model of urban economics considers homogeneity and isotropy for the transport networks. But the reality of the transport networks is different. According to the theoretical model offered, we should expect better prediction of density functions with the help of transport cost indicators. We obtain theses results with time-distances and network-distances. The density gradient in the negative exponential function estimated for more than hundred French metropolitan areas offers a measure of sprawl for the four last census (1975, 1982, 1990, 1999). Nevertheless, the existence of spatial autocorrélation cause bias in the estimates carried out according to the method of ordinary least squares. According to different tests, we chose a spatial lag model with error for the density. Finally densities are estimated with distance to the center and explaining variables such household's income, transport costs, household's characteristics, amenities, equipment's of communes, employment density, with respect to the previous theoretical analysis. The results of these estimations are significant
Maldonado, Darío. "Three essays on the public economics of education." Toulouse 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU10049.
Full textIn this dissertation I analyse the need and design of education policy in human capital models of education. In the first chapter I study education policies in an optimal taxation model. I show that the crucial parameter that determines education policy is how the education elasticity of wage changes with ability. In the second chapter I study the redistributive effects of government intervention in school class-composition in an optimal taxation framework. I show that depending on the complementarity in production between individuals with different skills it maybe optimal to distort class-composition for redistributive reasons. In the third chapter I study the relation between grading standards and tuitions in a model in which firms do not observe individual productivities but observes if he achieved a degree. I show that a school, concerned with increasing tuitions, will always set an inefficiently low grading standard
Moukala, Jean-Chrios. "La formation continue, fondement de la compétitivité économique ? : des approches déductives à une tentative d'approche inductive." Montpellier 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON10058.
Full textTournut, Jacques. "Prix non linéaires et enchères multiproduits." Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10100.
Full textThe objective of this dissertation is the multidimensional study of the optimal selling mechanisms, more precisely, the robustness of the usual results given in a unidimensional setting in the case of optimal nonlinear pricing and auctions of indivisible goods. The chapter 1 is a survey and focuses on the following topics : theory of incentives - revelation principle, incentive comptability - indivisible good auctions and nonlinear pricing. The chapter 3 studies and solves the nonlinear pricing problem of a two product monopolist. With a different but equivalent approach, the chapter 3 studies the problem of chapter 2 using its solution. The chapter 4 put the emphasis on the application, in the real world of the multiproduct auction when buyers have multiunit demands. This chapter studies the choice of the mechanism to use for spectrum auctions, especially in Canada
Jeon, Doh-Shin. "Essais sur la théorie des incitations : collusion, flux d'information et réduction des effectifs." Toulouse 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU10009.
Full textRouge, Luc. "Ressources non-renouvelables, pollution et croissance." Toulouse 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU10075.
Full textWe first study the problem of growth non-renewable resources within a Schumpeterian endogenous growth model. We examine the optimum and equilibrium paths at the steady-state, and we also study the impact of an economic policy aimed at implementing the optimum. In particular, it turns out that a research subsidy has the same impact as a technical progress in exogenous growth models. We then analyze the impact of the pollution generated by the use of non-renewable resources on the standard results of the literature. In this context, we define a new condition depicting the extraction path, the modified Hotelling rule, and we show that an increase in the houselolds' psychological discount rate leads to a situation in which the social planner slows down the extraction. Finally, we present a simple endogenous growth model that allows us to analyse the effects of an environmental policy. In particular, we show that a decreasing tax on the resource use yields the optimum
Gadzinski, Grégory. "Evolving inflation persistance : a comparative analysis between the Euro area and the United States." Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX24019.
Full textThis thesis entitled "Evolving inflation persistence : a comparative analysis between the Euro area and the United States" intends to carry out a deep evaluation on inflation dynamics in the Euro area and the United States, with a particular focus on its persistence and link with the output gap. These concepts are key elements in the monetary transmission mechanism and important determinants for the success of monetary policy in maintaining a stable level of output and inflation simultaneously. The term of persistence have been assigned several definitions in the literature. Now, the most useful definition is certainly the one showing the most relevance for the evaluation and conduct of optimal monetary policy. Inflation persistence is then defined as the tendency of inflation to converge slowly (or sluggishly) towards its long run value following various shocks. Broadly speaking, four sources of inflation persistence can be distinguished : (i) persistence in the output gap fluctuatins ("extrinsic persistence"), (ii) dependance on the past inflation due to the price setting mechanism (intrensic persistence"), (iii) persistence due to the formation of inflation expectations ("expectations-based-persistence") and (iv) persistence of economic shocks. This thesis intends to estimate jointly and/or separately each of thoses determinants
Donni, Olivier. "Essais sur les modèles collectifs de comportement du ménage." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0053.
Full textOrgiazzi, Elsa. "Essais sur le partage de la valeur ajoutée et les inégalités." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX24016.
Full textBen, Halima Mohamed Ali. "Du contrat de travail temporaire à l’insertion sur le marché du travail : trois applications microéconométriques sur l’enquête emploi." Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2007/ben-halima_m.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to examine the temporary contracts and its impacts on labour mobility in France. In a first part, we aim at investigating the determinant to use temporary contract. The theoretical analyses intend to explain that temporary contracts are a solution to the moral hazard, adverse selection, job matching and uncertainty affecting the external environment of the firm. The econometric evaluation from the French Labour Survey of these determinants confirms the positive effect of contracting costs evoked by the literature on the contract duration. The second part examined whether temporary contracts deserve to be considered as stepping stones to permanent ones. Using French Labour Survey, our results show that, for men and women, the transition to permanent contract decreases after 12th months. After a temporary contract in the public sector, compared to private, the workers are more likely to fall again into unemployment or another temporary contract. The third part studies the impact of the individual transition from a temporary job (CDD) to permanent job (CDI) on the wage. We present the transition from a temporary job to a permanent one as a simple tournament mechanism. The equilibrium properties of the model show that wages differences between temporary jobs and permanent ones are positively correlated with uncertainty during tournament. Using French Labour Survey, using a firm size as a proxy for uncertainty, our results do not reject the equilibrium property of the model according to which more uncertainty during tournament reduces players’ incentives and would be compensated by an increased wage gap between promoted and not promoted
Bahloul, Damak Siwar. "Un modèle économétrique du marché des télécommunications en Tunisie." Toulouse 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU10008.
Full textIn order to modelize the behaviour of the monopoly of telecommunications in Tunisia we utilize an econometric approach based on the cost function, whose basis is constituted by the theory of duality. Our objective is to analyse the structure of production of telecommunications in Tunisia. To the debate on deregulation that is taking place in many developed countries, we try essentially to determine if the sector we are analysing is a natural monopoly by means of measures based on the results of estimation of cost production. Then we examine the incidence of technological progress on the combination of production factors. Finally we test some structural properties of technology. The cost function is specified by translog functional form. The present study shows that the organisation of telecommunications is independent from the level of economic development of Tunisia
Darné, Olivier. "La désaisonnalisation des chroniques économiques : Analyse des conditions conjoncturelles." Montpellier 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON10057.
Full textRapelanoro, Rabenja Hériony. "Structure temporelle et stochastique : monnaie et équilibre dans les modèles à génération." Paris, EHESS, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EHES0109.
Full textThe principal aim of this work is to develop an aspect of intertemporal model affected by uncertainity denoted "stochastic overlapping generation model. This extendes to infinite the discrete time period and hence states, identified as a "date-event" and eventualy the date of birth for some individuals. In first time, we develop the evolution process of the stochastic structure which there the "date-event" is an essential framework. This consideration is used by radner (1982), scmachtenberg (1988). To simplify the exposition, we assume that each consummer leaves in a number finite of dates or states which develop many markets contingents. For preserving the equilibrium in the differentes states, money is used, this permits to conserve values and to transfer her to a state to another. Secondly, we consider a deterministe formalisation of the intertemporel structure of the model with exchanges that money intervenes or not. This chapter permit to prove the existence of an equilibrium an adopting some assumptions wich defines this model as a version of okuno-zilicha (1981) model. Without stricte quasi-concavity of the utility fonction, but with strict monotony of preference and strict positivity of initial resource, we can assume the recouvrement of generation. Equilibrium existence can be proved with proceding on two stages. The stochastic structure of the problem is introduit by the processus of "event-date" influe the comodities, the initial endowment, the transfers and the individuals preferences or utilities. In this model, equilibrium is obtained where we suppose that exogene monetary system price do not permit no arbitrage
Guena, Mustapha. "Les modèles politico-économiques." Paris 10, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA100114.
Full textThis thesis examines the interaction between economics and politics. This thesis contains three parts: the first part is statistical, the second part investigates the impact of politics on economics, the third part investigates the impact of economics on politics
Lazrak, Ali. "Essais en microéconomie des marchés financiers en temps continu." Toulouse 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU10070.
Full textShould young people be less risk averse? Can one revover the utility function from the consumption and the investment strategies? Can one embed a descriptive model for asset price and interest rates by an equilibrium pure exchange economy endogenous asset price and interest rate? This thesis considers these problems in the context of a continuous time model for financial markets. In a general environment, we prove a martingale property of the risk tolerance process, and this martingale condition proves to be a very convenient tool to solve our problems. An important part of the analysis is devoted to the stochastic volatility model, and certain independent results concerning the role of options are established in the context of this model. Mathematical tools involved are the martingale representation theorem, the comparison theorem of the stochastic differential equations, and the theory of stochastic control
Sbaï, Erwann. "Économétrie structurelle pour des modèles de jeux empiriques et application aux enchères du Trésor." Toulouse 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU10074.
Full textThis thesis gathers two main parts dealing with structural econometrics for empirical game models, in particular auctions. The first part deals with the identification issue for parameters of interest to estimate. Chapter 2 proposes a general procedure to test whether the considered models are locally identified. Various setting are treated, as asymmetry among participants, risk aversion, nonparametric assumption, partial observability of exogenous variables, mixed strategies, or common value models. Chapter 3 gives illustrative applications of this identification tool, with additive, duopoly, auction and procurement models. The second part is devoted to constrained equilibrium computation and structural parameters estimation, for models of divisible good auction. Chapter 4 studies asymmetric models with risk aversion. Two alternatives exist : the participants' information is with a common value or with affiliated value, and the quantity available is certain or uncertain. Chapter 5 is applied and establishes the asymmetry with respect to private information and risk aversion, between participants to Treasury auctions in France. Moreover, simulations indicate that a shift from discriminatory to uniform-price format would simultaneously benefit the French Treasury and the auctions' participants
Lethiais, Virginie. "Les restructurations dans l'industrie spatiale : trois essais théoriques." Toulouse 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU10021.
Full textThis thesis answers three questions issued from the observation of firms behaviour in the space industry. In the first chapter, we show that the mergers in the space industry after the mid eighties can not only be attributed to the declining budgets. We study the exit behaviour of firms that compete in a market in which demand is decreasing. We show that although merging allows a better adaptation of the output level to the declining demand, this choice is not always profitable. Along with the decrease of budgets, many commercial applications arose in the space industry, in the end of the eighties. Among the mergers that occurred at this period, some of them enabled firms of the military market to acquire the technical skill specific to the rising commercial markets. In the second chapter of this thesis, we consider entry and merger as two different ways for a firm competing in a market where demand is uncertain to enter a new market in which demand is well known. In the case of two duopoly markets, we show that firms do not always prefer merger to entry. The third chapter is issued from the observation that Alcatel Espace position of second contractor in the satellite production has often been considered as unfavourable. More generally, we study the relationship between a customer, who wants to procure a good, and two firms in a hierarchy. We determine the best organisation in this three tier hierarchy in terms of expected gains from each player point of view. Moreover, we focus on the eventuality of a merger of the two firms. This situation is profitable for the customer but not necessarily for the firms
Mihoubi, Ferhat. "Estimation, tests et évaluation du modèle de déséquilibre avec micro-marchés par le pseudo-maximum de vraissemblance : application à l'emploi en France." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010003.
Full textThis thesis concentrate on econometric modeling of dynamics disequilibrium models with micro-markets. The first chapter is devote to the presentation of the mains econometrics methods of estimation, simulation and test which could be applied to disequilibrium models. We point out the fruitfulness of the simulate pseudo-maximum likelihood method in order to estimate this type of model. In the second chapter, we survey economics and econometrics studies on aggregation of micro markets in disequilibrium. We study, in the third chapter, the available econometric methods which could overcome the cumbersome problem of dynamics disequilibrium models estimation. We show also the usefulness of the pseudo maximum likelihood in presence lagged latents variables in disequilibrium models. In the last chapter, we apply the pseudo maximum likelihood method to a partial dynamic disequilibrium model with micro-markets of the french labour market. The dynamic aspects come from the wage equation and the demand and supply equations via the dynamics spill over effects and the adjustments of effectives demands and supplies to theirs notionals values. The results indicate a significant impact of past disequilibrium on current labour demand. The appendix describes pmv an econometric softwar we built to estimate our econometric disequilibrium model
Marimoutou, Vélayoudom. "Tests de spécification en économétrie : application aux tests d'éxogénéité." Aix-Marseille 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX24008.
Full textThe main theme of this work concerns specification tests. What is meant by that is a set of procedures which has been used in the econometric literature since recent times and which allows validity or rejection of the specification hypothesis of a model : choice of variables, exogenous characteristics of some of them, choice of the dynamics structure. . . Rather than testing a hypothesis giving a specific value to parameters, one tries to find out whether the set of selected probabilities contains the "genuine" law from which data is issued. The work is organised in the following manner : - a theoretical section aimed at giving a rigorous framework where the main definitions concerning the specification of statistical model are presented within the privileged framework of a bayesian structure - a survey of recent literature on classical tests of specification with a special emphasis on their asymptotic properties. - a presentation of a bayesian approach of specification tests. - an example of application to a dynamical macro-economic model of the labour market in France in which exogeneity of the real salary is tested in the functions of labour search and supply