Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modèles en géologie – Simulation par ordinateur'
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Poli, Emmanuelle. "Stratigraphie séquentielle haute-résolution, modèles de dépôt et géométrie 2D-3D des séquences triasiques de la marge téthysienne ardéchoise." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOS081.
Full textMoyen, Rémi. "Paramétrisation 3D de l'espace en géologie sédimentaire : le modèle GeoChron." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2005_MOYEN_R.pdf.
Full textReservoir modelling requires building a volumic mesh usually adapted to faults and horizons of the domain, on which petrophysical property models are computed. The common practice consists in using stratigraphic curvilinear grids formed of hexahedral cells whose indexes (i, j, k) constitute a sampling of a " 3D parametric function (u, v,t) where (u, v) correspond to the "paleo-geographic" coordinates tangent to the horizons and (t), viewed as an analog to the geological age of the terrains, is approximately orthogonal to the horizons. These grids are suited to the property-modelling geostatistical algorithms but their topological regularity induces errors or approximations in complex fault networks or folded environments. The GeoChron model corrects these drawbacks by clearly segragating the geometry of the domain of study (modelled by an unstructured tetrahedralised mesh), the link between this geometry and the geometry of the layers at the time or deposition (thanks to a 3D parametric function (u,v,t)) and the property model (computed in a regular fine-scaled grid). After exposing the mathematical framework of this model which emphasises the similarity with time stratigraphic (or Wheeler) diagrams used in sedimentology, we show two practical ways of building such a parameterisation and their implementation in the GOCAD geomodelling software. Then we show how the (t) component of the parametric function can be used to automatically compute a geometric estimate of the throw vector in any point of a fault surface. Finally, we present Borne applications concerning petrophysical property modelling, deformation estimation or seismic data integration
Zandi, Setayesh. "Numerical modeling of geomechanical effects of steam injection in SAGD heavy oil recovery." Centre de géosciences (Fontainebleau, Seine et Marne), 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENMP0058.
Full textThe Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) process is a thermal enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method that appears tremendously successful, especially for bitumen. SAGD process results in a complex interaction of geomechanics and multiphase flow in cohesionless porous media. In this process, continuous steam injection changes reservoir pore pressure and temperature, which can increase or decrease the effective stresses in the reservoir. Quantification of the state of deformation and stress in the reservoir is essential for the correct prediction of reservoir productivity, seal integrity, hydro fracturing, well failure and also for the interpretation of 4D seismic used to follow the development of the steam chamber. In SAGD process, the analysis of reservoir-geomechanics is concerned with the simultaneous study of fluid flow and mechanical response of the reservoir. Reservoir-geomechanics coupled simulation is still an important research topic. To perform this kind of simulation, a solution is to use a finite element based simulator to describe geomechanics and a finite volume based simulator to describe fluid flow. In this thesis, the SAGD coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical modelling is conducted using PumaFlow reservoir simulator and Abaqus as the geomechanical simulator. The main issues being investigated in this study were (1) the coupling strategy, (2) the geometry and (3) type of gridding system. This work was performed on synthetic cases
Bost, Marion. "Altération par le gel des massifs rocheux : étude expérimentale et modélisation des mécanismes de génération des contraintes dans les fissures." Phd thesis, Paris Est, 2008. http://pastel.paristech.org/4575/01/th%C3%A8sepdf2.pdf.
Full textStone and rock falls bring about problems related to land management in mountainous areas. Yet, the temporal assessment of the risk of rupture in blocks requires a kinetic description of weathering phenomenon. In the case of limestone cliffs in mountainous areas, it can be estimated that the dominant weathering process lies in cracks propagation due to freezingthawing cycles. This freezing-thawing mechanism within a rock matrix was reproduced in laboratory experiments with notched specimens. Experimental results allowed us to establish a model for the stresses due to frost. This stress model, along a crack inner wall, exhibits a maximum, which spreads more and more deeply along with spending time, until a limit, which is intrinsic to the material. Actually, the generated stress results as a balance between the confining pressure induced by the ice front spreading deeply in the crack and the water leakage in the porosity network in the vicinity of the crack. It is thus strongly dependent on the crack geometry and on the porous network features of the rock. An analytical assessment of the stress intensity factor at the crack bottom, by using the model established for the stress, was carried out. It matches the possibility to initiate a rupture according to linear failure mechanics laws. Microscopic observations of the crack evolution throughout the freezingthawing cycles show a progressive and heterogeneous rupture of the limestone. The crack propagation was simulated numerically. This simulation gave encouraging results, as it brought up to light key-elements which could be used to establish a predictive model for the failure of a rock mass subject to freezing-thawing cycles
Gnouma, Raouf. "Aide à la calibration d'un modèle hydrologique distribué au moyen d'une analyse des processus hydrologiques : application au bassin versant de l'Yzeron." Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0084/these.pdf.
Full textThe present work is a contribution to the recent research topics in hydrology devoted to the amelioration of hydrological modelling performance on the base of field knowledge. The study catchment is the Yzeron basin (A = 147,3 km²) located at the west of Lyon. Following a state of the art review concerning hydrological processes for runoff generation and distributed hydrological modelling, the WISTOO model was implemented in the Yzeron basin. This first work of modelling raised the different problems of the distributed hydrological modelling, already evoked in the literature, and stresses the importance of knowledge about the hydrological behaviour of the study catchment is necessary. In the second part of this work, a spatial analysis was carried out, using the different available thematic layers, leading to the selection of three representative sub-catchments. A field experimental approach has been conducted at two scales : catchment (runoff-rainfall analysis and geochemical tracing) and hillslope scale (piezometric level measurements). The geochemical tracing application has made it possible to propose some hypotheses on the hydrological behaviour of these entities. For a smaller scale approach, a set of piezometers have been installed on two hillslopes, which allowed monitoring of the piezometric level during some rainfall-runoff events. Association of two techniques (geochemical tracing and experimental investigation at the hillslope scale) and global rainfall-runoff analysis have finally permitted to improve our understanding of dominant hydrological processes associated to the representatives sub-catchments of Yzeron basin. A first tentative of integration of this knowledge in to the calibration process of WISTOO model constitutes the last chapter of this work
Aubiès-Trouilh, Alexandre. "Exploitation et mise à disposition de nouvelles techniques de modélisation géologique 3D afin d'apprécier la géométrie des plis-failles." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26660/26660.pdf.
Full textThe San Corneli anticline located within the Spanish central Pyrenees, is a foreland fault-related fold. This compressive structure developed within the Boixòls thrust sheet during the emplacement of the fold and thrust belt above the Iberian plate during the Meso-Cenozoic. Geometrically, the San Corneli anticline corresponds to a fault propagation fold (8 km by 10 km). Pre-compression extensive structures have been recognized within the anticline. These syntectonic normal faults and fractures were formed during deposition of sediments in the mesozoic rifted basin. The aim of our research is to determine the influence of these normal faults on the development of the San Corneli anticline and their effect on the particular geometry of this fault propagation fold. We used 3D geometrical modeling to gain a better understanding of the relationship between the pre-existing structures and the geometry and kinematics of the fault propagation fold. Furthermore, in this area the vegetative cover is minimal and the San Corneli anticline is very well exposed giving access to numerous field data and facilitating surface modeling of the present geometry of the fold. Our methodology consists, as a first step, in reverse 3D modeling. The geological model volume is restored using the 3D Restoration plugin proposed by gOcad based on cross section balancing. This technique allows to obtain a 3D paleogeographic model, and thus to deduce the location and geometry of preexisting normal faults with depositing sediments in the basin. In order to test different assumptions about the mode of development of this fault propagation fold, we have conducted a series of 3D geometrical models directly from the paleogeographic model. The aim of 3D forward modeling is to revert to the current state of deformation of the model. We were able to better appreciate the chronology of events that have affected the fold and evaluate to what extent the early faults have influenced the kinematics of the San Corneli fold. In this sense, we were able to show that the orientation of pre-existing faults with respect to the regional compressive stress influences the way in which these faults will be reactivated, either in a vertical (reverse) or horizontal sense (strike-slip).
Blessent, Daniela. "Integration of 3D geological and numerical models based on tetrahedral meshes for hydrogeological simulations in fractured porous media." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26468/26468.pdf.
Full textCordonnier, Guillaume. "Modèles à couches pour simuler l'évolution de paysages à grande échelle." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAM072/document.
Full textThe development of new technologies allows the interactive visualization of virtual worlds showing an increasing amount of details and spacial extent. The production of plausible landscapes within these worlds becomes a major challenge, not only because the important part that terrain features and ecosystems play in the quality and realism of 3D sceneries, but also from the editing complexity of large landforms at mountain range scales. Interactive authoring is often achieved by coupling editing techniques with computationally and time demanding numerical simulation, whose calibration is harder as the number of non-intuitive parameters increases.This thesis explores new methods for the simulation of large-scale landscapes. Our goal is to improve both the control and the realism of the synthetic scenes. Our strategy to increase the plausibility consist on building our methods on physically and geomorphologically-inspired laws: we develop new solving schemes, which, combined with intuitive control tools, improve user experience.By observing phenomena triggered by compression areas within the Earth's crust, we propose a method for the intuitive control of the uplift based on a metaphor on the sculpting of the tectonic plates. Combined with new efficient methods for fluvial and glacial erosion, this allows for the fast sculpting of large mountain ranges. In order to visualize the resulting landscapes withing human sight, we demonstrate the need of combining the simulation of various phenomena with different time spans, and we propose a stochastic simulation technique to solve this complex cohabitation. This methodology is applied to the simulation of geological processes such as erosion interleaved with ecosystems formation. This method is then implemented on the GPU, combining long term effects (snow fall, phase changes of water) with highly dynamics ones (avalanches, skiers impact).Our methods allow the simulation of the evolution of large scale, visually plausible landscapes, while accounting for user control. These results were validated by user studies as well as comparisons with data obtained from real landscapes
Botella, Arnaud. "Génération de maillages non structurés volumiques de modèles géologiques pour la simulation de phénomènes physiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0097/document.
Full textThe geomodeling main goals are to represent and understand the subsurface. The geological structures have an important role for understanding and predicting its physical behavior. We defined a geological model as a set of structures and their connections. The meshes are numerical supports to solve the equations modeling the subsurface physics. So it is important to build a mesh representing a geological model to take into account the impact of these structures on the subsurface phenomena. The objective of this thesis is to develop volumetric meshing methods for geological models. We propose a volumetric unstructured meshing method to build two mesh types: an adaptive tetrahedral mesh and an hex-dominant mesh (i.e. made of tetrahedra, triangular prisms, quadrilateral pyramids and hexahedra). This method generates first a tetrahedral mesh that can respect different types of data: (1) a geological model defined by its boundaries to capture the structures in the volumetric mesh, (2) well paths represented as a set of segments, (3) a mesh size property to control the mesh element edge length and (4) a direction field to control vertex/element alignments inside the mesh to increase some features such as elements with right angles. Then, this tetrahedral mesh can be transformed in a mixed-element mesh. The method recognizes combinatorial relationships between tetrahedra to identify new elements such as prisms, pyramids and hexahedra. This method is then used to generate meshes whose features correspond to a given application in order to reduce errors during numerical computation. Several application domains are considered such as geomechanical, ow and wave propagation simulations
Chauchat, Julien. "Contribution à la modélisation diphasique du transport sédimentaire en milieux côtiers et estuariens." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00173387.
Full textEn terme de résultats, nous montrons que l'approche développée est capable de reproduire quantitativement les principaux processus mis en jeu dans le transport sédimentaire de particules non cohésives : la sédimentation et la dispersion turbulente des particules en milieu dilué. Le modèle développé confirme l'existence d'une différence de vitesse horizontale entre les particules et l'eau. Il simule les effets de dispersion des particules par le mouvement turbulent du fluide et l'atténuation de l'énergie cinétique turbulente du fluide due à la présence des particules. Une autre originalité de ce travail est de proposer un modèle diphasique à surface libre, bidimensionnel vertical, pour la simulation du transport sédimentaire. Nous avons identifié des lacunes entre les théories et les expériences notamment pour la simulation de la turbulence en écoulement dense. Nous proposons des solutions pour améliorer la simulation du comportement de matériaux cohésifs. Une tentative de simulation hydrosédimentaire sur l'estuaire de la Seine est présentée. Le phénomène de bouchon vaseux est qualitativement reproduit par le modèle sans qu'aucune loi d'érosion ou de dépôt ne soit imposée.
Zabsonré, Jean de Dieu. "Modèles visqueux en sédimentation et stratification : obtention formelle, stabilité théorique et schémas volumes finis bien équilibrés." Chambéry, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CHAMS023.
Full textWe present in this document some bilayer flows, namely shallow-water and sediment transport models. First, by formal asymptotic developments, we derive viscous two-dimensional bilayer shallow-water models assuming that the flow is composed of two immiscible fluids (Straight of Gibraltar). We give some numerical results onto the derived models. We extend to the bilayers case the existence of solutions obtained for one layer. In this analysis, the difficulty results from the friction terms due to multipliers used in the entropy estimation. Next, we propose new models of sediment transport which are energetically consistent, for which we obtain theoretical stability results. Lastly, we develop a new version of flux-limiter well balanced numerical scheme combining a scheme of type roe to that of type Lax-Wendroff. Both schemes are built by taking into account the tangential variation of the quantities. This scheme is used to simulate the sediment transport model
Thai, Son Quang. "Développements théorique et numérique d'un modèle multiphasique pour le calcul des ouvrages renforcés par inclusions." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00467893.
Full textEl, Soueidy Charbel-Pierre. "Éléments finis discontinus multi-domaines en temps pour la modélisation du transport en milieu poreux saturé." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2008/EL_SOUEIDY_Charbel-Pierre_2008.pdf.
Full textThis work treats the modeling of mass transport in porous media. The advective part of the transport equation is solved using the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) finite element method. In the first part, the discretization of the spatial operator is considered and two approximation spaces are studied and compared for unstructured meshes in 2-D. The temporal discretization is tackled in the second part of this study. Two alternatives to the traditional explicit scheme are presented : a class of semi-implicit schemes and an explicit local time-stepping procedure which allows spatially varying time steps. Finally, the last part of this work consists of using the developed numerical tools to simulate density coupled flow and transport in porous media. The local time procedure is implemented in a 3-D numerical code and numerical experiments show that the model gives accurate results being highly efficient for this kind of problems
Anquez, Pierre. "Correction et simplification de modèles géologiques par frontières : impact sur le maillage et la simulation numérique en sismologie et hydrodynamique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0069/document.
Full textNumerical geological models help to understand the spatial organization of the subsurface. They are also designed to perform numerical simulations to study or predict the rocks physical behavior. The internal structures of geological models are commonly discretized using meshes to solve the physical governing equations. The quality of the meshes can be, however, considerably degraded due to the mismatch between, on the one hand, the geometry and the connectivity of the geological objects to be discretized and, on the other hand, the constraints imposed on number, shape and size of the mesh elements. As a consequence, it may be desirable to modify a geological model in order to generate good quality meshes that allow realization of reliable physical simulations in a reasonable amount of time. In this thesis, I developed strategies for repairing and simplifying 2D geological models, with the goal of easing mesh generation and simulation of physical processes on these models. I propose tools to detect model elements that do not meet the specified validity and level of detail requirements. I present a method to repair and simplify geological cross-sections locally, thus limiting the extension of modifications. This method uses operations to edit both the geometry and the connectivity of the geological model features. Two strategies are thus explored: geometric modifications (local enlargements of the layer thickness) and topological modifications (deletions of small components and local fusions of thin layers). These editing operations produce a model on which it is possible to generate a mesh and to realize numerical simulations more efficiently. But the simplifications of geological models inevitably lead to the modification of the numerical simulation results. To compare the advantages and disadvantages of model simplifications on the physical simulations, I present three applications of the method: (1) the simulation of seismic wave propagation on a cross-section within the Lorraine coal basin, (2) the site effects evaluation related to the seismic wave amplifications in the basin of the lower Var river valley, and (3) the simulation of fluid flows in a fractured porous medium. I show that (1) it is possible to use the physical simulation parameters, like the seismic resolution, to constrain the magnitude of the simplifications and to limit their impact on the numerical simulations, (2) my method of model simplification is able to drastically reduce the computation time of numerical simulations (up to a factor of 55 in the site effects case study) while preserving an equivalent physical response, and (3) the results of numerical simulations can be changed depending on the simplification strategy employed (in particular, changing the connectivity of a fracture network can lead to a modification of fluid flow paths and overestimation or underestimation of the quantity of produced resources)
Mariez, Olivier. "Modélisation de solides par synthèse de l'analyse d'images 3D et de modèles à base de surfaces non-variétées." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL034N.
Full textSavard, Catherine. "Modélisation numérique 3D de l'écoulement et des échanges isotopiques dans des réseaux de fractures." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23838/23838.pdf.
Full textCaudron, Matthieu. "Etude expérimentale et numérique de l'interaction sol-structure lors de l'occurence d'un fontis." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00145223.
Full textLe programme de cette thèse s'articule donc autour de la thématique suivante : évaluation des risques urbains liés aux mouvements de sol dus à la présence de cavités souterraines et interaction avec le bâti et les structures.
La première partie porte sur la conception d'un modèle réduit physique bidimensionnel permettant de représenter un effondrement de cavité de type fontis. Elle apporte une contribution innovante à la conception de modèles réduits physiques 1g par la mise au point d'un matériau analogique cohérent, dérivé du matériau de Schneebeli. Des essais sont alors menés pour caractériser l'influence de l'interaction sol-structure lors d'un tel phénomène.
Ensuite un modèle numérique est développé à partir d'un outil numérique permettant l'emploi conjoint de deux codes de calcul complémentaires basés sur une approche en milieu continu d'une part et sur la mécanique des éléments distincts d'autre part. Les résultats issus de ce modèle sont alors comparés avec ceux provenant des essais réalisés sur le modèle expérimental.
La dernière étape est une confrontation de cet outil numérique dans un essai de rétro-analyse d'un fontis réel survenu dans le massif de l'Hautil en 1991.
Raguenel, Margaux. "Modélisation des phénomènes thermo-hydrauliques dans des réservoirs fracturés sur des maillages non structurés : application au réservoir géothermique de Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0338.
Full textThe quantification of natural geological resources (oil, gas, water, ore deposits, geothermal energy, etc) calls for a precise understanding and description of the geological heterogeneities and physical and chemical processes that influence their formation, their settings, their preservation and their recovery. In order to understand the physical behavior of subsurface reservoirs, 2D, 3D and 4D geological models must be developed as basis for numerical simulations. A numerical model needs the integration and homogenization of various and multi-scale data. This implies hypothesis, choices and simplifications to represent the complexity of geological objects and physical processes with a limited number of parameters. In the case of high temperature geothermal studies, one must face both the geometric and structural complexity of volcanic environments and the resolution of coupled physical processes. This calls for the use of several developments made in different research domains, with different tools. However, interoperability between all these theoretical and numerical tools remains a challenge. This work tackles this issue by preserving the geometrical complexity of geological models thanks to unstructured grids and tools which allows realistic physical simulations. New strategies are proposed to preserve the geological characteristics of the model, by honoring field data and the organization of geological structures during physical simulations. Several tools have been developed to identify and represent these structures that play a fundamental role in physical processes, such as layers, faults or model boundaries. An adapted numerical representation (allowed by the RINGMesh library which focuses on using geological concepts in the model description) preserves these elements from the geomodeler (SKUA-GocadTM) to the physical simulator (CSMP++). These tools are part of an integrated workflow, going from geological modeling to physical simulations, i.e. from geometrical characterization of the main geological structures to the quantification of reservoir resources. The developed methodologies are first benchmarked with analytical solutions and applied on synthetic cases. They have then been used in a case study to understand the evolution of thermo-hydraulic processes in the geothermal reservoir of Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe (in the frame of the GEOTREF project). A first study has been led in 2D to assess the physical realism of three possible geological scenarios designed in regard of the available field data, such as temperature profiles and MT survey. This study reproduces the observed temperature profiles in two of the studied scenarios and seems to exclude the hypothesis of strong lateral heat transfers at the island scale. A second study has then been realized in 3D, using a progressive model complexification approach to test the impact of heterogeneities on the global physical behavior of the reservoir. It appears that the thermal behavior of the designed model is mainly influenced by the topography of the area, rather than the introduction of permeable heterogeneities, such as fault corridors. However, impermeable features such as sliding surfaces have not been added and a major uncertainty about the heat source position, shape and size remains and could be further studied. These works have allowed (1) to build of a numerical environment that facilitates the tests regarding the impact of geological heterogeneities on the physical behavior of reservoirs, (2) to open the path toward a better understanding and characterization of the thermo-hydraulic behavior of a geothermal reservoir, and especially toward the quantification of the influence of the geometry and connectivity of heterogeneities on physical processes
Pianet, Grégoire. "SIMULATIONS 3D NON-STATIONNAIRES DÉDIÉES À L'INVESTIGATION DE PROCESSUS DE SÉDIMENTATION À FORTE DYNAMIQUE." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00110838.
Full textimmergée dans un fluide newtonien est étudié au
moyen d'une méthode de Simulation Numérique Directe.
Dans une première partie, un modèle de type '1-Fluide'
assorti d'une technique de pénalisation de la viscosité
est décrit, puis différentes méthodologies numériques
sont associées pour résoudre les difficultés inhérentes
aux fortes contraintes physiques. Par la suite, la
pertinence du modèle est prouvée par une série
de validations fondées sur une bibliographie
exhaustive des écoulements bi ou tri-dimensionnels,
et pour des régimes d'écoulement faiblement inertiels.
Avec l'appui de résultats expérimentaux et numériques
originaux obtenus à la suite d'une collaboration scientifique,
nos expériences numériques sont alors
systématiquement validées sur la base de champs PIV
pour des régimes inertiels. Notre investigation se
focalise ensuite sur des écoulements dont la
dynamique est plus importante, pour aboutir à la mise
en évidence d'instabilités attestant de la transition
vers des écoulements et des trajectoires chaotiques.
Fiorot, Guilherme Henrique. "On unsteady open-channel flows : a contribution to nonstationary sediment transport in runoff flows and to unstable non-Newtonian mudflow studies." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAR0020/document.
Full textThis thesis was motivated by the need to better understand time-dependent features related to mudflow evolution on natural sloped channels. Basically, the research is focused on events that are confined in channels formed due to the topography. The rain, source of the liquid discharge, generates the runoff flow which is responsible for wetting the soil surface, promoting reduction of soil cohesiveness and erosion of small particles such as clay and sand. From this point, the sediment transport can increase as small water flows merge and form greater streams. The scenario keeps its evolution until i reaches high concentration of particles in the fluid mixture. In the first part, to study the non-permanent feature of sediment transport, an open-channel experiment was designed for simulating runoff flow over a mobile bed. A measurement system was designed and constructed to instantaneously inspect the solid discharge of particles and the flow friction at the bed. This apparatus is further used to explore the influence of free-surface waves on the sediment transport. Hydraulic properties of flows are qualitatively and quantitatively studied and data are used to correlate characteristics of flow and sediment transport. A set of experimental runs is presented and explored. Analysis of results shows that for fixed flow conditions, waves induce an overall smaller quantity of transported sediment. In a second part, the dynamics of high concentrated flows is addressed and this thesis attempts to appl a first-order roll-wave model for Herschel-Bulkley laminar fluid flow to a registered natural event. Results presented point out that roll waves could have occurred during this already published case-study event. Simulations could predict wave heights within 8% on uncertainty with respect to the mea amplitude of measured waves. Finally a new theoretical solution for the velocity profile is proposed taking into account the porosity of the bed. Results are then compared with numerical simulation performed in FLUENT. A parametric analysis is employed and the case-study is once again evaluated. A: general conclusion, the non-permanent phenomena that can appear during the evolution of a mudflow event affect the overall dynamics of the coupled system (hydraulic-sediment transport) in comparison to the steady and uniform case. Verifying that such phenomena could appear should indeed be an important part in hydraulic engineering projects, especially when dealing with lives, which is the case of mud flows
Yu, Qizhi. "Modèles de rivières animées pour l'exploration intéractive de paysages." Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0126.
Full textRivers are ubiquitous in nature, and thus are an important component of the visual simulation of nature scenes. In nature, rivers are dynamic, therefore animation of rivers is necessary in these visual simulation applications. However, animation of rivers is a challenging problem. It incorporates multi-scale surface details and flow motion, and many phenomena involved have complex underlying physical causes. River animation is particular difficult in emerging interactive applications like Google Earth or games, which allow users to explore a very large scene and observe rivers at a very small scale or a very large scale at any moment. Controlling the design of water simulations is another hard problem. The goal of this dissertation is to achieve real-time, scalable, and controllable river animation with a detailed and space-time continuous appearance. To achieve this goal, we break down the river animation problem into macro-, meso-, and micro-scale subproblems from coarse to fine. We propose appropriate models for each scale that capture relevant surface details and fluid motion. In the macro-scale, we propose a procedural method that can compute velocities of rivers with curved banks, branchings and islands on the fly. In themeso-scale, we propose an improved featured-based simulationmethod to generate the crests of the quasi-stationary waves that obstaclesmake. We also propose a method for constructing an adaptive and feature-aligned water surface according to the given wave crests. In the micro-scale, we propose the use of wave sprites, a sprite-based texture model, to represent advected details with stationary spectrum properties on flow surfaces. Armed with wave sprites and a dynamic adaptive sampling scheme, we can texture the surface of a very large or even unbounded river with scene-independent performance. In addition, we propose a Lagrangian texture advection method that has other applications beyond river animation. We demonstrate that combining our models in three scales helps us incorporate visually convincing animated rivers into a very large terrain in real-time interactive applications
Passerat, de Silans Alain. "Transferts de masse et de chaleur dans un sol stratifié soumis à une excitation atmosphérique naturelle : comparaison : modèles-expérience." Grenoble INPG, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986INPG0061.
Full textPhilippe, Jean-Robert. "Contribution des modèles mécaniques textiles à la simulation graphique des étoffes." Saint-Etienne, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STET4010.
Full textThis thesis deals with development of a mechanical and graphical model of woven fabrics, dedicated for the reproduction of morphological diversity of real fabric drapes. Two means of control are proposed : the first one consists of a representation of the non linear behaviour by a fuzzy model. In this case, mapping between inputs states and outputs is expressed by fuzzy rules, while the second consists of a mechanical implementation of the model. Two different startegies are proposed, leading to similar geometrical solutions, whatever the mechanical properties of studied fabrics may be
Da, Dalto Laurent. "Modèles pour la simulation de phénomènes naturels en images de synthèse." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30226.
Full textCai, Yinfei. "Simulation des affaissements miniers et de leurs conséquences sur le bâti." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0010/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to improve the methods of subsidence computation and building damage evaluation, and to develop some tools based on these methods to study the mining subsidence and building damage cases in Lorraine. By investigating the topography influence on subsidence under simplified mining conditions, and using numerical models with varying mining depths and ground surface angles, a new influence function method, which is based on a probability density function of a skew normal distribution, to simulate the element subsidence, was firstly developed and can be used to compute the mining subsidence caused by the excavation under non-flat surface. Then, plane framed structural models were chosen to study the mechanical behavior of 3D buildings. For each building, two plane models located in the vertical sections passing through the principle inertia axes of the building’s projective polygon were considered. Their geometry and mechanical characteristics were chosen according to the construction type and used materials of the building under consideration. Then, by using the matrix displacement method with some modifications, the internal forces and displacements for the entire structure could be computed. The achieved internal forces could then be compared to damage grade criteria to determine the extent of building damage.Finally, by using the improved methods of subsidence computation and building damage evaluation, a real case application was performed in Joeuf city (France). The subsidence was computed and applied to the defined structural models as support displacements, and then the damage extents of the buildings in Joeuf were predicted
Albaki, Rachida. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés dynamiques des métaux liquides simples par simulation numérique et modèles analytiques." Metz, 2002. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2002/Albaki.Rachida.SMZ0205.pdf.
Full textPetelet, Matthieu. "Analyse de sensibilité globale de modèles thermomécaniques de simulation numérique du soudage." Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOS060.
Full textCurrent approach of most welding modellers is to content themselves with available material data, and to chose a mechanical model that seems to be appropriate. Among inputs, those controlling the material properties are one of the key problems of welding simulation: material data are never characterized over a sufficiently wide temperature range! This way to proceed neglect the influence of the uncertainty of input data on the result given by the computer code. In this case, how to assess the credibility of prediction? This thesis represents a step in the direction of implementing an innovative approach in welding simulation in order to bring answers to this question, with an illustration on some concretes welding cases. The global sensitivity analysis is chosen to determine which material properties are the most sensitive in a numerical welding simulation and in which range of temperature. Using this methodology require some developments to sample and explore the input space covering welding of different steel materials. Finally, input data have been divided in two groups according to their influence on the output of the model (residual stress or distortion). In this work, complete methodology of the global sensitivity analysis has been successfully applied to welding simulation and lead to reduce the input space to the only important variables. Sensitivity analysis has provided answers to what can be considered as one of the probable frequently asked questions regarding welding simulation: for a given material which properties must be measured with a good accuracy and which ones can be simply extrapolated or taken from a similar material?
Vergniolle, Sylvie. "Modèles physiques des régimes d'éruptions volcaniques." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077170.
Full textVerjus, Romuald. "Contribution à la modélisation des processus de sédimentation : étude numérique à l'échelle de la particule." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0061/document.
Full textIn the present thesis, a fully-resolved numerical code has been developed for the analysis of particle-laden flows. A fictitious domain method is used. First, this numerical tool has been validated by using classical benchmarks. It has then been used to simulate the complex sedimentation of particles in three generic two-dimensional configurations: a single particle, a particle pair and a large number of particles in a confined domain. In the first case, the peak-velocity of an off-centred inclusion is recovered at low-Reynolds number. It is shown that this peak-velocity is very sensitive to fluid inertia: the peak-velocity decreases when the Reynolds number increases. This effect is delayed by the confinement. The very complex dynamics of a pair of particles sedimenting in a confined domain, observed in the litterature, is recovered (hysteresis, period-doubling cascade and chaos). It is shown that a new series of bifurcations, leading to a new attractor, emerges when the non-dimensional particle weight is increased. This new transition corresponds to a quasi-periodic route. The extended bifurcation diagram is given. The new branch discovered in this work corresponds to a nearly horizontal particle doublet, with a slow settling velocity. In the case of the settling of large number of particles, a RZ-like law is recovered for the sedimentation velocity of the fluid-particle interface. The exponent is close to 4, in contrast with the case of spheres. Finally, the sedimentation velocity at the end of the settling process is observed to be significantly reduced, like for cohesive sediments. This unexpected behaviour is related to the two-dimensionality of the suspension
Damiba, Armand. "Simulation à évènement discrets de modèles Bond Graph." Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX30079.
Full textThe main objectif of the work presented in this thesis, is to propose a continuous to discrete event model transformation method, and also to specify a simulation environment of the obtained models. This method is based on an original discrete event approach named GDEVS (Genelarized Discrete Event System specification), which is an extension of DEVS (Discrete Event System specification) formalism, GDEVS allows the specification of discrete event models of dynamic systems with polynomial input/output trajectories. In fact polynomial trajectoreis allow a better approximation of continuous system trajectories. The proposed method is an application of GDEVS to transform bond graph models. This combination of the bond graph methodology and GDEVS forms a continuous modeling and discrete event environment. .
Desmeulles, Gireg. "Réification des interactions pour l'expérience in virtuo de systèmes biologiques multi-modèles." Brest, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BRES2021.
Full textTo model biological systems and experiment them through a virtual reality application is the purpose of this thesis. The aim is to provide the definition of a generic modelling framework and its implementation for the study of physiological systems. In the first place, the generic model is based on the reification of interactions into autonous active objects. Thereby, the biological models can be organized in a layout of autonomous systems. Therefore, the generic model infers two conceptions of autonomy: the first one is used to design virtual reality systems and the second one is oriented towards biological modelling. The generic model is specialized into several modelling tools for biology. Thereafter, the library composed by the generic models and the tools allows the building of applications. The purpose of the main application is to implement the mode) of an allergic urticada phenomenon. At last, the mode) of a minimal autopoietic system exemplifies the method's potentials
Guébert, Christophe. "Suture en chirurgie virtuelle : simulation interactive et modèles hétérogènes." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00561061.
Full textPredoi, Racila Mihaela. "Elaboration d'une modélisation mathématique du transfert multiéchelle des signaux mécaniques dans l'os cortical humain : aspects théoriques et simulations numériques." Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA2064.
Full textStroe, Mirela-Cristina. "Modélisation mathématique et simulations numériques de la mécanotransduction dans l'os cortical humain." Besançon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BESA2008.
Full textBone remodeling is a highly complex process involving several interrelated phenomena. This thesis deals with one of these phenomena - the mechanotransduction, in particular with mathematical modeling and associated numerical simulations. In order to understand the nature of the information received by the cell before the reconstruction of the new osteon that is the best adapted to local mechanical stresses, several studies are developed from an existing model. Cortical bone is considered as a multiscale porous medium. Three architectural levels are proposed and a mathematical development based on the homogenization theory allows a numerical determination of the permeability tensor coefficients. An analysis based on viscoelastic laws is persued at nanoscopic level. For giving a plausible explanation of the mechanotransduction phenomenon independent of localization in bone, a study allowing the computation of all physical fields existing at a given level as consequence of macroscopic loading is presented. The only fluid aspect doesn’t allow a. Good knowledge by the cell of its environment and therefore it cannot induce an adapted cellular activity. This study shows that the collagen fibers, by their piezoelectric nature, transform the mechanical stresses induced by the surrounding part in an electric potential that the cells can sense
Sadeghi, Maryam. "Modeling and simulation of spiral concentrators." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69372.
Full textSpiral concentrators are gravity separation devices used for the valorization of ores for which the specific gravity of the valuable minerals is significantly different from that of the gangue minerals. This is the case of iron ore processing discussed in this thesis. Spirals are preferred to other mineral separation devices because they are inexpensive, simple of operation, practically maintenance free, low energy demanding and do not require the use of reagents to separate minerals. Despite these appealing qualities and unlike flotation, few studies are dedicated to the analyze the spiral operation. Indeed, it is only recently that basic process analysis has shown that spirals fail to recover coarse dense mineral particles to the heavy product. It has also been recently found that wash water, as the main control variable for the operation of the studied spirals, is partly responsible for the loss of coarse valuable particles. To make up for this loss and to maintain a satisfactory operation of spirals, other control variables such as the concentrate cutter openings and position of the splitter gates at the spiral discharge should be used. The study of alternative control strategies for spirals implies testing these strategies in the industrial environment, which is practically impossible considering that the operation of mineral processing plants is subjected to constraints imposed on the production and on the quality of the plant product. Besides, the impact of disturbances due to ore variations and/or mechanical problems in the plant is unavoidable. Testing new control strategies in pilot plant is possible but it is certainly costly if one can find a pilot plant equipped for such testing. Plant operators are thus seeking for rapid and inexpensive approaches to carry out such investigation to identify strategies that can subsequently be safely tested in a plant. Process simulation offers this possibility, but a literature survey rapidly revealed the absence of simulation tools for spirals and more particularly for gravity separation circuits that use spiral concentrators. The first step in building such circuit simulator is to find or develop mathematical models for the units of the circuit. With the objective of testing control strategies, it is thus important that the model to be developed be able to account for the usual spiral operating variables, namely the cutter opening, the discharge splitter position and the wash water addition. The objective of this research project is to propose such model for spirals. A mathematical model is therefore described to predict the trajectory of particles distributed in mineral/size classes as they flow down a spiral. This is achieved here by introducing the new concept of Particle Displacement Functions (PDF) in spiral modelling to describe the movements of the particles flowing down the spiral. The model is calibrated using data generated from tests conducted on a pilot-scale test rig built around a Mineral Technologies WW6+ spiral, installed in the Mineral Processing Laboratory of Université Laval. The model is further validated with data obtained from a WW6E spiral operated at COREM. The test rig commissioned at Laval University uses a controlled wash water distribution within the spiral turns to overcome the observed problem of unequal wash water distribution when using the spiral built-in wash water distribution system. The test rig is also designed to sample simultaneously the product from each concentrate cutter of the spiral, so that the progress of the heavy mineral concentration down the spiral can be monitored. This information can be used to calibrate the model. The calibrated spiral simulator predicts adequately the spiral response to changes in the states of the operating variables. The model can simulate a cleaner spiral operation although it is calibrated using data collected from a rougher spiral operation. The proposed model is ready to be implemented into a simulator for an iron ore processing plant, although work remains to be done to finalize the calibration methodology to improve the prediction of the mineral size distribution in the spiral middling stream.
Boyer, Harry. "Conception thermo-aéraulique de bâtiments multi zones : Proposition d'un outil à choix multiple des modèles." Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0106.
Full textThe initial concern of reducing building's heat consumption has contributed to take into account the energy dimension within the design process. The first part of our work applies the system analysis to multi-zones buildings and defines the schedule of conditions as the one of a multiple model software tool for detailed simulation and useful as far as thermal design is concerned. Then a synthesis of the physical models of phenomenons is made. In addition to the simplified models, the integration of some detailled models is made possible due to the power now available to on micro-computers. Desirous of enlarging the application field beyond the only. Temperate climate, particular attention is granted to radiation exchanges between the building and the outside as well as the airflow transfers. The architecture of the software, CODYRUN, as the result of the conceptual and physical analysis of the building is thus explained. The simultaneous taking into account of the thermal, moisture and airflow transfers as well as the multiple model innovator feature leads to data structures and to an organisation of the processing which are complex. The last part of our work will deal with successively comparisons with another reckoning code, measures and analytic checks
Gillé, Serge. "Mise au point et validation expérimentale de modèles numériques pour la réduction de polluants dans la combustion industrielle du gaz naturel." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ECAP0566.
Full textBade, François. "Simulation numérique de la convection naturelle dans les thermosiphons." Aix-Marseille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX11072.
Full textMos, Antoine. "Modèles phénoménologiques pour la simulation d'incendies en tunnel routier." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10123.
Full textDelhom, Marielle. "Modélisation et simulation orientées objet : contribution à l'étude du comportement hydrologique d'un bassin versant." Corte, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CORT3029.
Full textVérant, Jean-Luc. "Etude de méthodes numériques et de modèles physico-chimiques pour des écoulements hypersoniques réactifs : application aux véhicules spatiaux." Aix-Marseille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX11314.
Full textRobin, Vincent. "Contribution à la modélisation des écoulements turbulents réactifs partiellement prémélangés." Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT2303.
Full textThe present study is devoted to the numerical modeling of turbulent reactive flows in situations where reactants are not ideally premixed. In this case, the description of the local thermochemistry requires at least two variables. Here we chose the mixture fraction to describe the local composition of fresh mixture and the fuel mass fraction Y to evaluate the progress of the chemical reaction. The numerical model is based on the LW-P analysis but here the joint velocity-scalar discrete PDF made of Dirac delta functions is considered in the context of a second order modeling. New algebraic closures for the scalar dissipation terms are proposed to represent the mixing at small scales. Special attention is paid to the closure of pressure fluctuating terms which appear in the turbulent transport equations. The proposed closure is able to take into account the counter-gradient diffusion and flame generated turbulence effects. Numerical simulations are performed with the CFD code Code-Saturne and the model is validated using first the experimental configuration ORACLES from LCD and second the turbulent V-shaped flame studied at CORIA. Numerical results obtained for these two configurations are in good agreement with experimental data in both cases of perfectly and partially premixed turbulent reactive flows
Bonnet, Marie-Dominique. "La simulation numérique : le rôle des modèles formalisés, à la frontière de la recherche scientifique et de la création musicale : exemple de la synthèse par modèles physiques." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHESA109.
Full textComputer simulation of how an instrument works – whether it be the vibrating structures, the excitation modes, the propagation modes, as well as the radiation of the instrument – is the structural foundation of any synthesis procedure using physical models. Some of the main techniques currently used, are “waveguide synthesis”, “modal synthesis” with the Modalys software, and the Cordis-Anima system. I have studied the fundamental implications, prospectives and possible orientations of the use of the physical model synthesis through a pragmatic approach of the following three main axes: space, gesture and instrument. These simulation techniques aim at two things: on the one hand it can help theory-developing in acoustic physics, on the other hand it can lead to an analogical, extensive and metaphoric use in the field of musical creation. Moreover, unlike signal model synthesis, physical model synthesis aims at modelling and simulating the causes of an acoustic phenomenon rather than the results of such a phenomenon. This computer simulation of the causes raises numerous epistemological and musical issues. As a result not only will this add a new dimension to sound synthesising, but it might also alter the approach of the composer who will be able to change physical parameters thus revealing new creative fields of research in relation with computer simulation of vibrating objects
Gao, Yan. "Analyse modale et sous-structuration tridimensionnelle : application aux ponts thermiques." Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ISAL0005.
Full text[. . . ]. Even for some that do account for the deficiency, the transient behavior of thermal bridge is almost never taken into account in transient state approach. To make up (compensate) this shortcoming, in this theses, we propose and model multi-dimensional heat transfer in building components by state-space methods and solve its order-reduced by different ways to get a simplified model. Furthermore, a thermal bridge additional heat loss model was proposed and implanted this model into thermal simulation code to satisfy our demands for simulation. Firstly, induced the state-space model, and constructed heat transfer equation for thermal bridge by spatial discritation. Then, a ‘generator’ which can directly create the mathematic expression after the data physical and geometric for problem analyzed were input. Secondly, two methods for simplifying high-order model were used, transfer-function method from multi-dimensional state-space model and sub-space identification method. Then, reduced model is used for solving the high-order problem and a modal equilibrated was also proposed for efficient calculation. Compared among three reduced model method, realized equilibration method (Moore method) is accepted and suggested for getting low-order model. The results were validated through experimental data. The conception of thermal bridge additional heat loss matrix was proposed to deal with thermal calculation for thermal bridge in the code modeled heat transfer in un-dimensional. By this way, thermal bridge heat loss can be included and coupled with entire building thermal dynamic process. At the last, thermal bridge additional heat loss low-order model was implanted and connected in simulation code TRNSYS. Building simulation was realized in complex thermal phenomenon coupling with thermal equipment with heat bridge consideration
Evrard, Matthieu. "MIMESIS, un environnement de conception et de simulation de modèles physiques particulaires masses - interactions CORDIS - ANIMA pour l'animation : du mouvement généré à l'image du mouvement." Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0073.
Full textThis thesis deals with the design of a computer framework dedicaced to animation by the physical mass-interaction CORDIS-ANIMA networks. Genericity and modularity of CORDIS-ANIMA having been still largely proved, the design and the implementation of such framework have to face with other theorical and practical problems that are discussed here in order to include every function that are required for an interactive creation of models and the communication inside a global chain of production of animated pictures. This thesis ends on the report of various situation of use in pedagogical, research and creation contexts
Escude, Bruno. "Modélisation et simulation à évenements discrets de systèmes hybrides." Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX30017.
Full textNaulin, Jean-Marc. "Simulations numériques et analyse mathématique de modèles de viroses dans des populations structurées." Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR12454.
Full textPetrau, Agnès. "Simulation numérique multidimentionnelle d’écoulements estuariens." Pau, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PAUU3032.
Full textIn this work, we are interested by the hydrodynamical multidimensional modeling and simulation of estuarian river flows. The physical model to be employed is a 3D one, but due to the huge computational cost, it cannot be used on the whole length of the river. Therefore, it is interesting to use different lower-dimensional models on adequate regions of the river, according to its topography and its bathymetry. Therefore, new hydrodynamical models are proposed in 1D, 2D and 2. 5D. We start from the 3D problem based on the instationary and incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, which is written in a weak form. Then simpler models are derived by means of a projection method. A 1D model is derived on the median curve of the river, as well as two 2D models called 2D-horizontal and 2D-vertical models, either they are written on the free surface or on the median longitudinal surface of the river. The 2. 5D model is obtained by adding the 2D-vertical and 2D-horizontal discrete spaces. All these models take into account the geometry of the river and provide a 3D velocity and a 3D pressure. The pressure is an unknown of the problem and it is not supposed to be hydrostatic. Moreover, model estimators between the 3D model and any of its lower-dimensional approximations in 1D, 2D or 2. 5D, are defined and justified. These model estimators compute the error between the 3D model and the simpler models, and then also indicate the validity domain of these simpler hydrodynamical models, from a qualitative point of view. All these new hydrodynamical models are implemented in finite element codes written in C++, and coupled numerically with the model estimators
Sergent, Emmanuel. "Vers une méthodologie de couplage entre la simulation des grandes échelles et les modèles statistiques." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ECDL0019.
Full textThe numerical simulation in turbulent fluids mechanics is based on three different approaches. Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS), Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and statistical RANS methods. The work completed in this Phd aims at defining a coupling methodology between LES and RANS. These two approaches are indeed complementary for industrial applications. RANS methods will calculate the total flow field and LES will be used as "zoom" in a precise zone of the geometry. With an aim of carrying out the coupling, three approaches are adopted : one for a coupling in the direction RANS towards LES (named MV), one in the direction LES towards RANS and for tangent coupling. After a series of tests aiming at optimizing the choice of the parameters involved in the MV, these three techniques were applied to an academic case : the flow between two parallel plane plates. Finally the MV method was tested on a more complex flow : the flow around a forward-backward facing step
Arfon, Olivier. "L'utilisation des procédures de l'ethnométhodologie dans l'élaboration de jeux de simulation assistés par ordinateur." Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081268.
Full textMy objective of studying a pedagogical role playing game executed by trainers leads me to three domains. The games, in particular the simulation games, the ethnomethodology and the mathematical models used by computer science. The results issued from the decomposition of a simulation game in several sets are more important than the simple production of a piece of software. The first result consists in a new approach of the description of communication procedures developed by players. By adding to classical approaches such as educational science, philosophy and psychoanalysis, an approach based on anthropology and specifically on ethnomethodology, i think i contribute to enlarging the view on this activity which is in the centre of several works on cognitive mechanisms. I think that i have also showed that computing mechanisms describing in totality the component elements of the complexity of reality don't exist ; nevertheless it is possible to produce software which give players the relative impression that the game includes infinite dimensions. So, in the role paying game domain, the purpose of modelization is more to choose the components which will give these impressions than to try to precise the representation of reality. One of these difficulties consists in conceiving and realising communication interfaces between the computer and the player which allows the player to give the necessary sense in order to create a relative impression of reality