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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modeling of technological changes'
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Nomaler, Zübeyir Önder. "Technological change, international trade and growth : an evolutionary multi-agents-based modeling approach /." Maastricht : UPM, Universitaire Pers Maastricht, 2006. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/509345212.pdf.
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Kultur, Can. "Factors Affecting Faculty Intention To Use Course Management Systems In A Private University." Phd thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610439/index.pdf.
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This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting faculty intention to use course management systems (CMS). The study was conducted in a private university with a mixed-method approach. First, 260 responses to a questionnaire was analysed by using structural equation modeling technique in order to examine the provided model. Second, interviews with selected 14 faculty members were conducted to understand the interrelationships. The findings indicated that, faculty intention to use CMS is mostly related with seeing value in using CMS including both personal and task/course related issues. In addition, the use of CMS should be perceived as easy which is directly influenced by the computer self-efficacy of the instructors. Discrimination of perceived personal benefits and task/course related usefulness is found to be important. Course/task related perceived usefulness is found to be weak without perceiving them personally beneficial. Availability of training and support is found to be weakly related to initial intention, however it appeared as an important variable for continuing to use CMS. &lsquo<br>Communicating the vision through leadership&rsquo<br>, &lsquo<br>promoting CMS&rsquo<br>, and &lsquo<br>sharing experiences and real life examples&rsquo<br>emerged as powerful approaches to facilitate use of CMS. Institutional policies regarding issues like &lsquo<br>academic freedom&rsquo<br>should be considered carefully while supporting the use of CMS. Moreover, to support institutional change it is important to be aware of the existence of different faculty profiles, which should be considered separately in relevant decisions.
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Arthurs, David. "An evolutionary approach to modelling technological change." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq22441.pdf.
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Leach, Matthew Adrian. "Energy sector strategies in Eastern Europe : modelling technological change and policy options." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362434.
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Tamba, Marie. "Technological change and sustainable energy policies : modelling exercises for Scotland and the UK." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2014. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24369.
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Amid growing environmental concerns, the UK energy sector faces considerable challenges in order to comply with national and regional commitments to decarbonisation. In light of these challenges, the government has implemented a number of policies aimed at ensuring sustainability in the UK energy sector (both in terms of environmental impact and security of supply), while ensuring that the reforms and changes to the sector are achieved at the lowest costs to consumers. Innovation in energy technologies are expected to play a large role in reaching this sustainability objective. The focus of this thesis is to explore the economic and environmental impacts of two UK sustainable energy policies, while considering the role that technological innovation might play in delivering on these objectives. The thesis is divided in two parts; each focusing on the system-wide economic impact of a specific energy policy instrument, in presence of technological change. Part A focuses on the supply side of the electricity sector. It explores the impact of introducing targeted subsidies in a renewable energy sector in Scotland, in presence of endogenous learning-by-doing effects. The literature review highlights the growing awareness in the role of technological change in energy policy. Correspondingly, system-wide energy-economy-environment models used to analyse these policies have increasingly introduced endogenous technological change as a major design feature, whether it is induced through R&D spending or learning effects. Because the latter is the most commonly adopted, it is the focus of the modelling exercise in Part A. A number of alternative specifications of learning-by-doing are identified in the literature and are explored first through micro-simulations. Then, in a CGE model for Scotland, learning-by-doing is introduced in the presence of a production subsidy in the marine energy sector. As the subsidy stimulates the marine electricity generation sector through costs reductions in production, electricity generation from other sources is displaced and the Scottish economy experiences a small expansion. The presence of learning effects is found to accentuate the stimulus from the subsidy. Indeed the costs of marine generation are further reduced as the sector expands. The choice of assumptions to represent endogenous learning-by-doing is found to matter greatly for the speed and paths of adjustments. In particular, the use of an (3)4z(Beconomic(3)4y (Bfunctional form (inspired by endogenous growth theory and originating in the top-down modelling literature) to represent learning is favoured in the model, but only when negative returns-to-knowledge are imposed. Part B focuses on the demand side of the energy system and more specifically on households. It examines the economy-wide rebound effects from efficiency gains as a side effect of a one-off energy innovation at UK level: the roll-out of smart electricity meters. First, the household and total rebounds in electricity use in the UK are calculated using an Input-Output model, where reductions in household electricity expenditures are redistributed to other consumption goods. Results show that total rebound is generally smaller than household rebound, reflecting a negative indirect rebound from reductions in the industrial use of electricity. This is due to the relative electricity intensity of electricity compared to other sectors. A disaggregation of the electricity sector into network and generation activities reduces the indirect rebound, and thus the gap in household and total rebound and confirms the strong backwards linkages in electricity activities. The analysis is extended to a CGE model incorporating endogenous prices and incomes. The same efficiency gain is simulated and its system-wide economic and environmental impacts (CO2 emissions) are established. Using findings from the econometric literature on household energy demand, several simulations are conducted to explore rebound effects with alternative consumption structures, where households have different substitution possibilities between electricity and gas. Increased substitution between fuels increases the household electricity rebound (as households substitute more efficient electricity for gas) and turn total rebound; leading to the extreme case of backfire, but accompanied by the largest CO2 emissions reductions. CGE results persistently show a smaller total rebound than household rebound, (similarly to the IO results) suggesting that the reduction in total UK electricity use could be larger than the reduction in household consumption estimated by the policy-makers, by considering economy-wide effects. Overall, the results of the modelling exercises of this thesis confirm the crucial role of technological change in achieving the goals of sustainability in energy policies, while providing insights on the assumptions for the analysis and modelling of these policies in an economy-wide framework.
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Choi, Seunghee. "Do Technological Changes and Organizational Context Affect Job Autonomy?" NCSU, 2005. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04272005-183941/.
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This paper examines when jobs are autonomous in the labor process and under what kinds of circumstances workers achieve more control of their work process. The degree of skill, technology, and bureaucratization are addressed in previous literatures and are analyzed in this paper as sources of variation in work autonomy. The data employed for this study is the 2002 Australian National Organizations Survey, and the research target is core jobs, defined as jobs directly related to the primary product or service of the organizations. Ordinal Logistic regression is employed for this study and result shows that information based technology increase job autonomy for jobs that require higher education. Also, formalized jobs are likely to have less job autonomy. More generally, findings suggest that job autonomy is contingent on relative power in the labor process and that formalization is primarily a control device at least relative to the labor process.
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Yoon, Hyejin. "The Animation Industry: Technological Changes, Production Challenge, and Glogal Shifts." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1212779559.
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Setiawan, Ari. "Modeling of Gravity Changes on Merapi Volcano." Phd thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/362/17/cv.pdf.
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Merapi volcano, located in Central Java, is one of the most active volcanoes in Indonesia. 2 million people are living in its immediate neighborhood. Therefore Merapi was selected within the International Decade of Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR) of UNESCO as one of 15 so called high risk volcanoes in the world. National and International research groups from Indonesia, France, Netherlands, Japan, USA and Germany are working on Merapi. Different methods are applied on Merapi to study the volcanic processes and to improve the possibilities to predict future eruptions. In this thesis the importance of gravity changes in space and time for the analysis of volcanic processes is analyzed and further developed. First the basic theory of Earth's gravity field and gravity anomalies is described. For the interpretation of gravity anomalies several programs have been developed using the MATLAB software package. The programs are used for the interpretation of gravity changes in time which have been observed five times between summer 1997 and summer 2000 in a repetition network around Merapi volcano. This network consists of 23 stations. During all campaigns four LaCoste&Romberg gravimeters model G and D have been used. Height changes at the observation sites are controlled by GPS-observations which have been carried out in parallel with the gravity measurements. The observed gravity and height changes are small. They reveal that Merapi volcano is just now an open system where no large stresses can build up. Nevertheless possible models are developed to explain the observed changes. Based on four geometric models of magma chamber and conduit within the volcano?s edifice as found in the literature the migration of magma in the conduit is investigated. The conduit system thereby is modeled by a cylinder, the magma chamber by a sphere. It is shown, that gravity changes map the migration of the magma, if gravity changes at stations at the crater rim are considered. Gravity changes at stations far away from the volcano conduit (2 ? 25 km) can be explained by changes within the geohydrothermal system. For this purpose particular ground water layers as determined by other geophysical methods (resistivity observations, magnetotelluric measurements and LOTEM) are modeled as concentric cylinders around the conduit of Merapi volcano. The resulting density changes in the cylinders explain with sufficient accuracy the observed gravity changes. Precise repeated gravity observations in combination with other geophysical methods allow therefore the detailed analysis of subsurface mass migration within a volcano.
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Serzhanova, A. (Ainura). "Assessing science based technological invention’s commercialization opportunity through business modeling." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2016. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201612013138.
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The university role in society and economy is currently shifting from mere education and science to applied research and academic entrepreneurship. Highly competitive universities tend to signal about their entrepreneurial orientation by increasing rate of commercialization of the researches, technologies and inventions created by scholars within the institution. Nevertheless, despite this trend being very powerful nowadays, there are multiple hurdles in a way to successful commercialization. Certain criteria are required to transfer research or technology from university to industry which can be categorized in individual/inventor, institutional, technology and market perspectives.
This research is mainly concentrated on studying commercialization of science based technological inventions from the market or business model perspectives. It also suggests that business model could be used by academic entrepreneurs and technology transfer offices as an effective tool to evaluate business opportunity created by the invention and endeavors to prove this suggestion on practice. In addition, this thesis reviews academic literature and provides in-depth view on following topics: university research commercialization and academic entrepreneurship, business model and business opportunity to build theoretical background for further analysis.
The empirical part of the research was carried out on the ground of real case of commercialization project conducted within University of Oulu aiming to commercialize 3D solid-state laser scanner and create a university spin-off with this technology as main asset. The study follows qualitative approach based on action research. Selected method is especially beneficial in analyzing data collected during multiple meetings and discussions of project team in a period spanning around six months. The findings of the research revealed that examining the commercialization opportunity of science based technological invention is not an easy task — the evaluation process can be time consuming and requires comprehensive market research on each business opportunity. Proposed business model framework can be used to evaluate and, thus, identify most promising commercialization opportunities created by university based technologies, but under certain conditions. First, important market information on each application area should be available, so researchers should engage themselves into active information search from early stages. Second, real data from potential customers is required especially in case of emerging industry domains in order to answer the main questions making the evaluation process by academic entrepreneur possible — can the opportunity be considered as feasible and desirable. Addressing these queries carries predictive and very subjective nature, but positive assessment enables decision making, thus, being extremely important in entrepreneurship.
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Banerjee, Shuvojit. "Structural changes in East Asia : factor accumulation, technological progress and economic geography." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2005. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1807/.
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This thesis deals with understanding the rapid industrial change in East Asia between the mid 1970s and the mid 1990s. The countries analysed are South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and China. Patterns of industrial development are studied across the region in depth. We calculate industrial and regional specialisation indices to obtain an idea of the trends being witnessed. A more formal analysis of the mobility which can be observed is then conducted. Measures of mobility and persistence are obtained for the movement of industries in the region. The nature of industrial growth and decline in the region points to the possible importance of a number of theoretical explanations. We subsequently analyse whether the patterns of change in industry seen indicate similarity in paths of development across countries. We investigate the industrial structure of pairs of countries in the region over time. We find that there is similarity in the development paths of industry in East Asian countries, with factor endowment considerations not the sole explanators. We next examine possible theoretical explanations of the industrial change seen. We test for Heckscher-Ohlin and Ricardian effects in a neo-classical frame-work. We find discernible patterns and significance in terms of factor endowment effects. Technology is seen to be less important but still plays a considerable part in explaining manufacturing change. A further theoretical explanation considered is that of economic geography. We analyse various statistics for industrial change related to economic geography. We also test a specification comparing factor endowments and economic geography. The contribution of economic geography to change in the region is measured and seen to be discernible but small and declining in importance when compared to comparative advantage forces.
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Kang, Myung Soo. "A study on changes of wage distribution in Korea, 1976-1998, from the perspective of skill-based technological changes /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3012984.
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Cho, Sung Don. "Parameter estimation for transformer modeling /." Available online. Click here, 2002. http://sunshine.lib.mtu.edu/ETD/DISS/chosd/SungCho.pdf.
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Unland, Helene Emmi Karin. "Surface flux measurement and modeling at a semi-arid Sonoran Desert site." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1996. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_etd_hy0257_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Simonetti, Roberto. "Creative destruction among large firms : an analysis of the changes in the fortune list, 1963-87." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363377.
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The thesis is an empirical study of the changes that occurred in the Fortune list of the largest American industrial corporations from 1963 to 1987. The mobility and turnover of big firms has been studied only from a neoclassical perspective in the past, and the emphasis was placed on the level of overall concentration in the economy. In this thesis, the changes in the list are analysed adopting a Schumpeterian/evolutionary framework that emphasize the importance of innovation and economic change as major determinants of economic progress. Recent evolutionary models that describe the evolution of industries. and the work of economic historians such as Alfred Chandler provide a framework for the empirical analysis. The main findings.are: I. The takeover activity is the main source of turbulence in the list. 2. There are significant inter-industry differences in the type of competition and in the behaviour of the industries. and these differences shed light on the overall changes. 3. The emergence of microelectronics has powerful destabilising effects, and its diffusion interacts with other trends such as the growing globalisation of competition between large firms and the rise of the market for corporate control.
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Al, Saleh Fatima. "Numerical Modeling Of Shoreline Changes Around Manavgat River Mouth." Phd thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605705/index.pdf.
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River mouths are very active coastal regions. Continuous sediment supply by the river and the movement by wave action cause the shoreline to change in time and space. Modeling of shoreline changes is an essential step before the design of any coastal engineering project. This research aimed to develop a system of numerical models to present the shoreline changes around a river mouth. The system of numerical models has three components: 1) modeling of nearshore wave characteristics, 2) modeling of longshore sand transport rates using the results of the first component, 3) modeling of shoreline changes using the estimated sand transport rates. Thus, firstly, deep water wave characteristics including the annual wave rose affecting Manavgat River mouth have been obtained from the database of NATO TU-WAVES Project. Then REF/DIF1 and SWAN nearshore wave models have been used to find out nearshore wave conditions. Since the results obtained from REF/DIF1 wave model have been found to be more reasonable compared to SWAN&rsquo<br>s output, REF/DIF1 wave model has been used in preparing a time series nearshore reference wave file with three hours time interval. This reference file has been used to run GENESIS. Last step of the numerical shoreline change modelling of Manavgat River mouth was the calibration procedure in which the &ldquo<br>transport parameters&rdquo<br>k1 and k2 have been determined. As there is lack of measurements of shoreline positions that can be used in calibrating shoreline change model, k1 and k2 has been approximately found to be k1=0.516 and k2=0.9 by using an empirical sediment transport formula. As a future study, it is recommended that when the protection structure controlling the river mouth is finished, the measurements of shoreline position behind the structure should be used in verification of shoreline change model in order to get more accurate results.
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Pyiypchuk, Mariya, Lldiia Dziuba, Ihor Rebezniuk, Oksana Chmyr, and Mykhailo Burdiak. "Modeling Parametric Failures of Woodworking Machines According to the Technological Precision Criterion." Thesis, Inter Grabchenko's International Conference t y *-* t y -t on Advanced Manufacturing Processes “ " “ http://interpartner.odessa.ua Partner, 2021. https://sci.ldubgd.edu.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/9943.
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Lindahl, Linnéa, and Julia Liu. "Managing Radical Technological Changes in the Swedish Insurance Industry: the Challenge of Regulatory Compliance." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279568.
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This study concerns investigating an industry, i.e. system, which is subject to radical technological changes, and how actors within the system can enhance their innovation processes and manage technological shifts efficiently. The specific context in which these processes are investigated is the compliance departments within the Swedish insurance industry. The Swedish insurance industry constitutes a central pillar in the national economy, which is why the stability of the industry must be ensured. As a result, the insurance industry is subject to various regulations and the scope and amount of regulations have increased since the global financial crisis in 2008. In other words, the regulatory burden has increased while the risks of non-compliance pose a threat to incumbents' competitive position. In order to meet the pressure of increased regulatory burden as well as leverage on the pressure of digitalization, Regulatory Technology (RegTech) has been identified as a key focus area for Swedish insurance companies in enhancing their operational efficiency as well as reduce the risk of non-compliance. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to identify system challenges to adoption of RegTech as well as system enablers which suggest how the related innovation processes can be facilitated. The empirical data in this study consists of ten in-depth interviews with representatives from Swedish insurance companies as well as knowledge providers within RegTech. The study reveals 38 system challenges and 38 system enablers to adoption of RegTech in various dimensions related to market forces, organizational factors and product development aspects, to mention a few. The most commonly raised system challenges are based on that RegTech is related to cost-reduction and thus has limited impact on revenue-generation as well as the fact that the insurance industry is characterized for being conservative and rigid, to name a few. Two examples of commonly mentioned system enablers are increasing regulatory pressure which leads to uneconomical and resource-intensive compliance operations with an increasingly high risk of non-compliance, as well as that younger insurance companies have to deploy RegTech in order to survive in the long run. The results from the study are presented at landscape-, regime- and niche-level according to the theoretical frameworks of Multi-level Perspective of Sociotechnical Systems and Absorptive Capacity in conjunction with a relevant theoretical framework within compliance management, denoted the Efficient-investment-risk model.<br>Denna studie inkluderar undersökandet av en industri, med andra ord ett system, som genomgår radikala tekniska förändringar samt hur aktörerna inom detta system kan förbättra sina innovationsprocesser och hantera teknikskiften mer effektivt. Det specifika fallet i vilket dessa processer undersöks i är complianceavdelningar hos svenska försäkringsbolag. Den svenska försäkringsbranschen utgör en central pelare i den nationella ekonomin, vilket är anledningen till varför industrins stabilitet behöver värnas. På grund av detta omfattas industrin av en mängd olika regelverk och vidare har omfattningen samt antalet regelverk ökat sedan den globala finanskrisen 2008. Med andra ord har den regulatoriska bördan ökat medan risken av icke-compliance fortsätter att utgöra ett hot mot försäkringsbolagens marknadspositioner. För att möta det ökade regulatoriska trycket och dessutom dra fördel av trycket från digitaliseringsvågen har Regulatory Technology (RegTech) identifieras som ett nyckelområde för svenska försäkringsbolag i deras strategi att förbättra operationell effektivitet samt bibehålla låg risk av non-compliance. Följaktligen är syftet med denna studie att identifiera systemutmaningar inom anammandet av RegTech samt systemmöjliggöranden som kan underlätta innovationsprocesser relaterat till anammandet av RegTech. Den empiriska datan i studien består av tio djupgående intervjuer med representanter från svenska försäkringsbolag samt RegTech-experter som utgörs av bland annat konsultbolag samt teknikföretag. Studien avslöjar 38 systemutmaningar samt 38 systemmöjliggörare relaterat till anammandet av RegTech i en bredd av olika dimensioner så som marknadskrafter, organisatoriska faktorer, produktutveckling m.m. Bland de vanligast identifierade systemutmaningarna presenteras faktumet att RegTech är begränsat till kostnadsreducering och därmed inte har en direkt positiv inverkan på intäktsdrivandet. En annan vanlig systemutmaning är faktumet att försäkringsbranschen är konservativ och stel i dess natur. Ett exempel på systemmöjliggörare å andra sidan är trenden att det regulatoriska trycket ökar, vilket leder till att complianceprocesser behöver effektiviseras för att försäkringsbolag ska kunna bibehålla konkurrenskraft samt att konsekvenserna av non-compliance blir allvarligare. En annan möjliggörande faktor inom systemet är att unga försäkringsbolag är i stort behov av att anamma RegTech för att överleva ekonomiskt i det långa loppet. Studiens resultat är presenterat på landskap, regim samt nichenivå i enlighet med teorin multi-nivåperspektivet av sociotekniska system samt i enlighet med teoriområdet absorptionsförmåga. Utöver detta har även en teori inom compliance management vid namn Effektiv-investering-riskmodellen tillämpats.
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Askins, Stephen Alexander. "Modeling of digital clay for evaluation of coordinated control." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19541.
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Endres, Karen L. "Optimal design of pump and treat remediation systems : treatment modeling, source modeling and time as a decision variable /." Available online. Click here, 2004. http://sunshine.lib.mtu.edu/ETD/DISS/endresk/kendres.pdf.
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Chou, Hsin-Hui. "Technological changes and business network dynamics : a longitudinal perspective from the optical recording media industry." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/technological-changes-and-business-network-dynamics-a-longitudinal-perspective-from-the-optical-recording-media-industry(6b61e609-5686-456c-b067-fd26286247f1).html.
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In the past thirty years, the IMP Group's Interaction and Network Approach has gained its increasing popularity in researching economic behaviours among resource-dependent business actors through relational linkages (Håkansson et al., 2004; Turnbull et al., 1996). Within network research, understanding the dynamics in business networks, in which interfirm relationships are regarded as crucial constituents, has been of particular interest (Johnston et al., 2006; Möller and Halinen, 1999). Moreover, technology has been identified as an important component driving the evolution of a business network, where technological change may bring about positive and negative effects on the relationships embedded in this network, and consequently, results in network dynamics (Afuah, 2000; Christensen, 1997; Håkansson and Waluszewski, 2002b; Lundgren, 1995). A perspective of resource interaction (e.g. Håkansson et al., 2009) suggests that technological change needs to be treated as a process rather than a critical event. However the nature of this process as well as how it impacts on the configuration of a technology-based business net and on dynamics of relationships constituting this net remains under-examined.Based on qualitative research methods, a longitudinal single-case study is chosen to conduct an empirical investigation in the optical recording media industry, in order to address the above research problems. To facilitate the data collection, a focal net perspective and an input-process-output model are employed. The focal net under study is characterised as a value-creating and technology-bundled business net. A total of 72 interviews were carried out in three stages and with the focal actor, its customers, suppliers and a complementor. The empirical data allows the research to reconstruct the evolution of the focal business net, which covers a time-span of more than 10 years from 1998 to 2008, and in which major technological change has taken place three times, from CD-R to DVD-/+R, DVD Double Layer and HD/Blu-ray technologies. In the development of the optical recording technology, the focal net has experienced four net reconfigurations in which radical changes of relationships as well as disturbance in resource interaction are observed. Based on the case study result, empirical observations are offered and new insights into the process of the arrival of technological change and net reconfiguration and relationship dynamics affected by this technological arrival are developed. Moreover, theoretical contribution, managerial implications, limitations and future research directions are provided.
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Yereniuk, Michael A. "Global Approximations of Agent-Based Model State Changes." Digital WPI, 2020. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/614.
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How can we model global phenomenon based on local interactions? Agent-Based (AB) models are local rule-based discrete method that can be used to simulate complex interactions of many agents. Unfortunately, the relative ease of implementing the computational model is often counter-balanced by the difficulty of performing rigorous analysis to determine emergent behaviors. Calculating existence of fixed points and their stability is not tractable from an analytical perspective and can become computationally expensive, involving potentially millions of simulations. To construct meaningful analysis, we need to create a framework to approximate the emergent, global behavior. Our research has been devoted to developing a framework for approximating AB models that move via random walks and undergo state transitions. First, we developed a general method to estimate the density of agents in each state for AB models whose state transitions are caused by neighborhood interactions between agents. Second, we extended previous random walk models of instantaneous state changes by adding a cumulative memory effect. In this way, our research seeks to answer how memory properties can also be incorporated into continuum models, especially when the memory properties effect state changes on the agents. The state transitions in this type of AB model is primarily from the agents’ interaction with their environment. These modeling frameworks will be generally applicable to many areas and can be easily extended.
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Medapati, Kalyan Reddy. "Technological stock and the rate of technical change." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Economics, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-277.
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<p>Since the dawn of the capitalist epoch, most advanced countries have seen more than a hundred fold change in their total products. This combined with a near five fold change in population size had brought a huge windfall of wealth in these countries. The main engine for this capitalist machine has been the accelaration of technical progress (Maddison, 1982). In this paper we investigate for the positive relationship between the existing stock of technology and accelaration of technical progress. We use the time series data from 1982-2002 to test our regression model. The model encapsulates annual patents turnover (proxy for acceleration of technical progress), patent stock (proxy for technological stock) and R&D expenditures of four advanced countries as the primary variables, where the former acts as the dependent variable and the later two act as the determinant variables. The model projects a highly significant positive relationship between technology stock and the pace of technological progress, endorsing our hypothesis.</p>
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Harsha, Man Maharjan. "Digital Transitions and the Making of Online Newspapers in Nepal." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/242769.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)<br>0048<br>新制・課程博士<br>博士(地域研究)<br>甲第21906号<br>地博第252号<br>新制||地||93(附属図書館)<br>京都大学大学院アジア・アフリカ地域研究研究科グローバル地域研究専攻<br>(主査)教授 藤倉 達郎, 准教授 D'SOUZA Rohan Ignatious, 准教授 中村 沙絵<br>学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Chung, Kam-tsang. "Spatial modeling of dynamic changes of foreign direct investment in China." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36547980.
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Chung, Kam-tsang, and 鍾金增. "Spatial modeling of dynamic changes of foreign direct investment in China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B36547980.
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Bateman, Judith Ann. "Modeling Changes in End-user Relevance Criteria : An Information Seeking Study." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278355/.
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Remo, Jonathan W. "Utilizing archival data to assess historic changes in flood flow conveyance of the Mississippi River." OpenSIUC, 2008. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/259.
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The assessment of change in river systems requires reference conditions. However, most large navigable waterways in the United States and elsewhere around the world have a wealth of archival data because of past engineering projects and flood control efforts. For example, in the United States, large quantities of archival data are available for the Mississippi River System which can be used to assess historical baseline conditions and change. Maps, charts, surveys, structure-history databases, and other quantitative measurements stretch back 100 to as much as ~200 years. The purpose of his dissertation was to develop a robust methodology from which to use these archival data to establish historic reference conditions in order to quantify and assess the causes of change in flood levels. Since the early 19th century, the Middle and Lower Mississippi River (MMR and LMR) have been intensively modified for flood protection and commercial navigation. In order to quantify the effects of levee expansion, channel modification, and land-cover change upon flood stages, a 1-D unsteady flow model was developed for multiple historical reference conditions ("retro-models") for three large study reaches (225-315 km each): one along the MMR and two reaches along the LMR. For each reference condition, four 1-D unsteady-flow models were developed. These models include a calibrated model of actual conditions and three "scenario" models: 1) a model with levees of the next time step, 2) a model with the channel geometry of the next time step, and 3) a model with floodplain roughness (i.e., land cover) of the next time step. Comparison of the model for actual conditions and the scenario models provide a quantitative assessment of levee expansion, channel modification, and land-cover change on stage. Comparison of the modeling results for this investigation showed significant changes in stage for equal discharges between each of the modeled time steps. Changes in stage for the three modeled reaches ranged from -3.1 to 4.4 m. The largest changes in flood stage were found along the MMR. The largest decreases in flood levels were found along the LMR between Obion and Memphis, TN. These results confirm previous hydrologic analyses, but show stage-changes as continuous longitudinal profile and not just at gaging stations. Scenario modeling suggests that the majority (38 to 70%) of the changes in flood stage on the LMR and MMR study reaches can be attributed to changes in channel geometry and hydraulic roughness. Levees were the next largest contributor to changes in flood stage. For time steps with significant levee expansion, these structures increase stage up to 1.0 m. Observed changes in floodplain land cover were associated with little (or none) of the increase in flood stage. These result show changes in channel geometry and roughness related to river engineering tools employed for the facilitation of navigation and flood conveyance are the principal drivers of historic changes in flood stages along the LMR and MMR. The results from the 1-D scenario model assessment suggest wing dikes may broadly affect flow conveyance in two ways: (1) through direct interaction with flow and (2) indirectly by their effects on channel geometry and roughness. Direct effects of wing dikes on flood stage were assessed by constructing two 2-D hydrodynamic models: (1) a calibrated model of actual conditions (i.e., with wing dikes) and (2) a scenario model without wing dikes, for a heavily modified reach of the MMR. Comparison of the model of actual conditions and model without wing dikes revealed that direct effects of wing dikes increase stage, modestly by only 0.1 to 0.5 m, depending on discharge and location. Wing dikes also were shown to increase and decrease channel velocities. Local increases in flow velocities of up to 0.4 m/s were found along portions of the main channel. Decreases in flow velocity by as much as -2.0 m/s were found along the edge of the channel within the wing dike fields. The direct effects of wing dikes on flow conveyance also were observed to decrease with an increase in flow, a result that runs contrary to the total cumulative effects of wing dikes observed empirically. These results suggest that the indirect effects are the likely cause of the historic decreased in flood flow conveyance and large-scale increases in flood stages along portions of the MMR.
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Fortunato, Andre ́Bustorff. "Three-dimensional modeling of coastal flows using unstructured grids /." Full text open access at:, 1996. http://content.ohsu.edu/u?/etd,203.
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Pasupathy, Kalyan Sunder. "Modeling Undesirable Outputs in Data Envelopment Analysis: Various Approaches." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31333.
Full textAbstract:
The general practice in performance and production efficiency measurement has been to ignore additional products of most transformation processes that can be classified as â undesirable outputsâ â which are a subset of the output set. Without the inclusion of these factors, the efficiency evaluation becomes a purely technical measure of the system alone, and does not account for the interaction of the system with the surrounding environment and the impact of policy decisions on the system. In addition, there are also technological dependencies arising due to the relationships between the desirable and the undesirable outputs. One of the analytical tools normally used in efficiency evaluation is Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA.
In the course of addressing these problems, a decision-maker encounters multiple and contradictory objectives with respect to the output set. This motivates the exploration of new arenas of measurement of efficiency to facilitate policy decisions and address technological relationships. This research presents five modifications of the traditional DEA technique to give a more realistic and comprehensive score of production efficiency considering both, desirable and undesirable outputs. The models address the following problems: (i) technological dependency between desirable and undesirable outputs; (ii) decision-makerâ s preferences over inputs, desirable outputs and undesirable output performance and finally (iii) conflicting production objectives through a formulation that uses Goal Programming in conjunction with DEA, a concept known as GoDEA.<br>Master of Science
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Tehler, Matilda. "Modeling Phase Transformations and Volume Changes during Cooling of Case Hardening Steels." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Materials Science and Engineering, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11369.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Case hardening distortions are a major problem for gear manufacturers. The aim of the current work is to create a simulation model, able to predict how and when case hardening distortions arise. The results presented in this thesis form a basis for such a model.</p><p>Two case hardening steels, with base carbon contents of 0.20 and 0.21 % C were studied using dilatometer experiments. One of them was carburized to 0.36, 0.52 and 0.65 % C in order to investigate the influence of carbon content. Experiments were performed during both isothermal and continuous heating and cooling conditions. The results were used to evaluate phase transformations, heat expansion behaviors and phase transformation strains. The expansion behavior of the material was modeled as a function of temperature, carbon content and phase fractions. The phase transformations to martensite and bainite were modeled, using the Koistinen-Marburger equation and a transformation rate equation based on Austin-Rickett kinetics, respectively. Experiments were simulated using the COMSOL Multiphysics software, to verify the model with respect to martensite and bainite transformations, heat expansion behavior and phase transformation strains.</p>
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El, Khoury Antoun. "Modeling Land-use Changes in the South Nation Watershed Using Dyna-CLUE." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/22902.
Full textAbstract:
The South Nation watershed is located in Eastern Ontario, Canada and managed under the authority of the South Nation Conservation (SNC). The watershed covers an area of 400,000 hectares with four dominant categories of land-use classes (60% agriculture, 34% forest, 5% mixed urban, and 1% other). Water quality is a great concern for the SNC as many anthropogenic activities generate harmful pollutants (such as heavy metals, nitrogen, phosphorus, and pesticides) that are discharged to the river through surface and groundwater flow. The discharge patterns of these pollutants are mainly driven by land-use distribution within the watershed which has been constantly evolving with urbanization and intensification of agriculture. Major changes in land-uses can potentially offset current SNC efforts to mitigate water pollution. The objective of the current study is to predict land-use series of maps for the South Nation watershed starting from 1991 to 2020. The prediction is carried out using the land-use allocation algorithm of the Dyna-CLUE (Dynamic Conversion of Land-Use and its Effects) model which is implemented for local regions. Dyna-CLUE is a spatially explicit hybrid land-use allocation model that combines estimation and simulation models, and its allocation procedures predict future trends of land-use surface (estimated from historical trends). The binary logistic regression is used to link preferences of land-use classes and potential demographic and geographic driving factors. Expert judgment was used to select a set of spatial driving factors believed to be responsible for changes in land-use distribution in the South Nation watershed. Three different scenarios for future development of the region were considered, with different initial conditions and conversion restrictions. The simulation results were evaluated using visual and statistical validation techniques to assess the performance of the model in generating maps similar to reality. The Dyna-CLUE model was successfully applied to the South Nation watershed. It was observed that the simulated maps generated from the model were in good agreement with the reality maps. This was confirmed through statistical validation via map pair analysis (error matrix) used to assess the overall accuracy of the model predictions. Results showed that the model was sensitive to land-use restrictions. Such type of modeling can be valuable for assessing the land-use changes at the local level, and setting up a decision support system for the South Nation Conservation towards sustainable land-use management in the watershed. Better results are expected to be achieved with more reliable datasets (i.e., accurate classification of land-use types in reality maps). Data availability and quality were the main obstacles that faced this research work. Our work has the merit to be the first application of CLUE model in Eastern Ontario.
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Rui, Yikang. "Urban Growth Modeling Based on Land-use Changes and Road Network Expansion." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Geodesi och geoinformatik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-122182.
Full textAbstract:
A city is considered as a complex system. It consists of numerous interactivesub-systems and is affected by diverse factors including governmental landpolicies, population growth, transportation infrastructure, and market behavior.Land use and transportation systems are considered as the two most importantsubsystems determining urban form and structure in the long term. Meanwhile,urban growth is one of the most important topics in urban studies, and its maindriving forces are population growth and transportation development. Modelingand simulation are believed to be powerful tools to explore the mechanisms ofurban evolution and provide planning support in growth management. The overall objective of the thesis is to analyze and model urban growth basedon the simulation of land-use changes and the modeling of road networkexpansion. Since most previous urban growth models apply fixed transportnetworks, the evolution of road networks was particularly modeled. Besides,urban growth modeling is an interdisciplinary field, so this thesis made bigefforts to integrate knowledge and methods from other scientific and technicalareas to advance geographical information science, especially the aspects ofnetwork analysis and modeling. A multi-agent system was applied to model urban growth in Toronto whenpopulation growth is considered as being the main driving factor of urbangrowth. Agents were adopted to simulate different types of interactiveindividuals who promote urban expansion. The multi-agent model with spatiotemporalallocation criterions was shown effectiveness in simulation. Then, anurban growth model for long-term simulation was developed by integratingland-use development with procedural road network modeling. The dynamicidealized traffic flow estimated by the space syntax metric was not only used forselecting major roads, but also for calculating accessibility in land-usesimulation. The model was applied in the city centre of Stockholm andconfirmed the reciprocal influence between land use and street network duringthe long-term growth. To further study network growth modeling, a novel weighted network model,involving nonlinear growth and neighboring connections, was built from theperspective of promising complex networks. Both mathematical analysis andnumerical simulation were examined in the evolution process, and the effects ofneighboring connections were particular investigated to study the preferentialattachment mechanisms in the evolution. Since road network is a weightedplanar graph, the growth model for urban street networks was subsequentlymodeled. It succeeded in reproducing diverse patterns and each pattern wasexamined by a series of measures. The similarity between the properties of derived patterns and empirical studies implies that there is a universal growthmechanism in the evolution of urban morphology. To better understand the complicated relationship between land use and roadnetwork, centrality indices from different aspects were fully analyzed in a casestudy over Stockholm. The correlation coefficients between different land-usetypes and road network centralities suggest that various centrality indices,reflecting human activities in different ways, can capture land development andconsequently influence urban structure. The strength of this thesis lies in its interdisciplinary approaches to analyze andmodel urban growth. The integration of ‘bottom-up’ land-use simulation androad network growth model in urban growth simulation is the major contribution.The road network growth model in terms of complex network science is anothercontribution to advance spatial network modeling within the field of GIScience.The works in this thesis vary from a novel theoretical weighted network modelto the particular models of land use, urban street network and hybrid urbangrowth, and to the specific applications and statistical analysis in real cases.These models help to improve our understanding of urban growth phenomenaand urban morphological evolution through long-term simulations. Thesimulation results can further support urban planning and growth management.The study of hybrid models integrating methods and techniques frommultidisciplinary fields has attracted a lot attention and still needs constantefforts in near future.<br><p>QC 20130514</p>
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Rettig, Trisha Ann. "Determination of B cell IgH repertoire changes after immunization and spaceflight modeling." Diss., Kansas State University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/38796.
Full textAbstract:
Doctor of Philosophy<br>Department of Biology<br>Stephen Chapes<br>Antibodies are an essential part of the immune system. Each B cell, a type of white blood cell, produces a unique antibody. This antibody molecule is comprised of two identical light chains and two identical heavy chains. Each chain has a variable region, which is responsible for antigen binding, and a constant region, which is responsible for effector function in the host. The variable region in the heavy chain is composed of three gene segments, the variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) gene segments. The light chain is composed of only V- and J-gene segments. Each immunoglobulin locus contains multiple versions of each gene segment, ranging from over 130 possible V gene segments in the heavy chain to four possible J-gene segments in both the heavy and kappa light chain. The recombination of gene segments occurs in the germline DNA and results in the formation of the unique antibody. The diversity and binding abilities of the antibodies are important for a proper and robust immunological response. Of importance to binding and specificity is the complementary determining region three (CDR3) which plays a major role in determining specificity and antibody-antigen binding. Due to its uniqueness, is used as a measure of diversity in the repertoire.
In this work, I used Illumina MiSeq 2x300nt high-throughput sequencing to assess the mouse splenic transcriptome. The work I present here shows the splenic immunoglobulin gene repertoire from unchallenged, unvaccinated conventionally housed mice, mice flown aboard the International Space Station (ISS), and mice challenged with tetanus toxoid (TT) and/or adjuvant (CpG) and subjected to skeletal unloading by antiorthostatic suspension (AOS). AOS is used to induce some of the physiological changes that parallel those that occur during space flight. The characterization of the repertoire includes analysis of V-, D-, and J-gene segment usage, constant region usage, V- and J-gene segment pairing, and CDR3 length and usage.
The work included validation of the methodology needed for tissue preparation and storage aboard the ISS, showing that the data obtained was similar to those used in standard ground-based methodologies (Chapter 2). I further validated our nonamplified sequencing methodology with comparisons to methods that use amplification as part of the process (Chapter 3). My work characterized the antibody repertoire of the conventionally housed C57BL/6J mouse (Chapter 4), an important mouse strain in the field of immunology, and demonstrated the homogeneity of gene segment usage in unchallenged animals. We also demonstrated that short duration (~21 days) space flight does not significantly alter the antibody repertoire (Chapter 5). The work culminates in an AOS study to assess changes to the B-cell immunoglobulin repertoire after vaccination with TT and/or CpG. The results show that changes to V-, D-, and J-gene segment usage occur after antigen challenge with AOS causing decreased class switching and frequency of plasma cells. Tetanus toxoid challenge decreased multiple gene segment usage and CpG administration increased isotype switching to the IgA constant region (Chapter 6).
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Habteyes, Firdaweke. "Modeling Acute Changes in Bladder Wall Tension, Shape and Compliance During Filling." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3537.
Full textAbstract:
The bladder wall consists primarily of detrusor smooth muscle. Tension-sensitive nerves in the bladder wall are responsible for providing bladder fullness information that is interpreted as urgency. Bladder wall tension, and therefore nerve output, is a function of bladder volume, shape and material properties. Studies have shown that the bladder wall exhibits acutely regulated detrusor compliance. In addition, bladder shape throughout filling depends on intra-abdominal forces and material properties of the bladder wall, such as regulated detrusor compliance. This thesis focused on modeling the potential influence of acute changes in bladder compliance, shape and bladder wall tension during filling. Laplace’s Law was used to demonstrate how wall tension can vary significantly with geometry in a vessel with uniform internal pressure and constant volume. A finite deformation model of the bladder was previously used to show that wall tension can increase significantly during filling with relatively little pressure change. In this thesis, published experimental data were used to determine ranges for regulated detrusor compliance, and the finite deformation model was expanded to illustrate the potential effects of regulated ix detrusor compliance on filling pressure and wall tension. Also, a geometric model was used to demonstrate that constraining a perfectly spherical bladder to fill as an oblate sphere increases wall tension, and therefore should increase nerve output, for a given volume. In addition, a spheroidal model consisting of three orthogonal circular rings was developed to predict the increase in pressure and wall tension associated with deforming a spherical bladder into an oblate spheroid. Together, these models demonstrate that defects in regulated detrusor compliance and/or acute or chronic changes in bladder shape due to changes in compliance or intra-abdominal forces could contribute to changes in wall tension for a given volume that could lead to urgency.
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Bhat, Akshay [Verfasser]. "Bioinformatics modeling of proteomics changes in muscle invasive bladder cancer / Akshay Bhat." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1113011882/34.
Full text
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Lilley, David R. "Assessing jurisdiction-level crime trends during the 1990s an analysis of the impact of policing changes /." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2006.
Find full text
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Jacquinet, Marc. "Technological, institutional and market structure changes as evolutionary processes : the case of the port wine sector (1680-1974)." Doctoral thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão (ISEG), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.2/5127.
Full textAbstract:
O ponto de partida da investigação é tentar perceber melhor o que se entende por “processos históricos” e, nesta perspectiva, ver como evoluem, num largo prazo de tempo, as estruturas produtivas. Trata-se de um contributo para a história económica combinando métodos tradicionais do historiador com conceitos e teorias económicas relativas à inovação, a transformação tecnológica e a evolução institucional.
Adoptando a hipótese que só uma perspectiva temporal larga permite perceber os aspectos fundamentais da transformação de uma actividade económica, estuda-se o caso do sector do vinho do Porto, entre finais do século XVII até os anos 1970, investigando três elementos do sistema produtivo: (1) a estrutura institucional e a actividade de regulação (centrada no papel do estado) do sector, (2) a transformação tecnológica da produção de vinho, e, finalmente, (3) a evolução da população de empresas exportadoras ou firmas do vinho do Porto.
Identificou-se as relações entre estes três elementos estudaram-se os factores das rupturas e continuidades. Fundamentalmente, o caso estudado ilustra uma dependência do caminho (path dependence) da estrutura de regulação, da tecnologia utilizada e da estrutura de mercado. Além da dependência do caminho há simultaneamente evidência de criação de novas alternativas e caminhos novos.<br>FCT
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Danso, Alex Kwame. "The effect of technological changes on unemployment in the beverage sector of the South African economy / A.K. Danso." Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/728.
Full textAbstract:
The ability of the South African economy to absorb labour has been declining since the
1960's, with the manufacturing sector employment declining since 1990. The decline in
manufacturing jobs flies in the face of increased output of the sector. This trend is
attributed to the application of technology and sophisticated equipments in the
manufacturing process leading to a loss of jobs, particularly for unskilled labour.
Unemployment in South Africa has become one of the biggest challenges facing the
present government. The government in its bid to overcome this major problem is doing
everything to get to the crust of the matter, including information on major causes of
unemployment in the country. Reduction of unemployment is hugely regarded as a
prerequisite for poverty alleviation, a policy that is very close to the heart of the present
government. For this singular reason, information on major causes of unemployment in
South Africa is becoming increasingly important to policy makers.
The objective of this study is to compare the effect of labour and capital on the revenue
of the beverage industry in South Africa from 1985 to 2005 using translog production
function. The study showed that new technology, due to spending on new capital did not
play a significant role in achieving an increase in revenue in the beverage sector. The
increase in revenue was rather attributed to an increase in spending on labour. Increasing
expenditure on labour by 1% raised revenue by 0, 62% while 1% change in capital
expenditure increased revenue by 0,43%. This, in some ways, indicates that the beverage
sector of the South African economy is labour-intensive. One could therefore conclude
that the beverage industry relies more on labour and does not contribute significantly to
unemployment in South Africa.<br>Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.
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Jacquinet, Marc. "Technological, institutional and market structure changes as evolutionary processes: the case of the Port Wine sector (1680-1974)." Doctoral thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão (ISEG), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11679.
Full textAbstract:
O ponto de partida da investigação é tentar perceber melhor o que se entende por “processos históricos” e, nesta perspectiva, ver como evoluem, num largo prazo de tempo, as estruturas produtivas. Trata-se de um contributo para a história económica combinando métodos tradicionais do historiador com conceitos e teorias económicas relativas à inovação, a transformação tecnológica e a evolução institucional.
Adoptando a hipótese que só uma perspectiva temporal larga permite perceber os aspectos fundamentais da transformação de uma actividade económica, estuda-se o caso do sector do vinho do Porto, entre finais do século XVII até os anos 1970, investigando três elementos do sistema produtivo: (1) a estrutura institucional e a actividade de regulação (centrada no papel do estado) do sector, (2) a transformação tecnológica da produção de vinho, e, finalmente, (3) a evolução da população de empresas exportadoras ou firmas do vinho do Porto.
Identificou-se as relações entre estes três elementos estudaram-se os factores das rupturas e continuidades. Fundamentalmente, o caso estudado ilustra uma dependência do caminho (path dependence) da estrutura de regulação, da tecnologia utilizada e da estrutura de mercado. Além da dependência do caminho há simultaneamente evidência de criação de novas alternativas e caminhos novos.<br>FCT
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Smyrnaios, Ioannis. "The correlation of technological and stylistic changes, and society, in the production of attic geometric and orientalising finewares." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/91116/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis investigates stylistic and technological changes in the production of Attic Geometric and Orientalising finewares (c. 900 – 620 BC), and their relationship with society. The transition from the abstract motifs of the Early and Middle Geometric styles to the figurative representations of the Late Geometric and Orientalising styles are examined in conjunction with the technological advances in the ceramic chaîne opératoire, and the social changes that characterise these periods. According to previous studies, the social developments in the Athenian polis between the 9th and 7th centuries BC left traces in the archaeological record suggesting competition among different elite groups. This social competition was expressed through funerary rites, which were subject to continuous changes all across the Attic Early Iron Age. The consumption of decorated finewares in such rites and other important social occasions demarcated the social position of the consumers/users of fine decorated pottery, while ceramic styles adapted to accommodate the changing nature of social demands. An important manifestation of stylistic change was the dominance of the figurative style in pottery decoration during the beginning of the Late Geometric period (c.760 BC). The original hypothesis of this research project is based on the fact that decoration was only part of the total production sequence of Attic Geometric and Orientalising pottery; therefore, it could be likely that the social changes noted during these periods triggered broader advances in ceramic technologies employed for the production of such finewares. This thesis moves away from traditional stylistic approaches and employs a technological approach based on the chaîne opératoire theory in order to explore the behaviour of Attic Early Iron Age potters and their response towards changing consumption demands during an era of significant social transformations.
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Castelli, Mariapina. "Assessing solar radiation components over the alpine region Advanced modeling techniques for environmental and technological applications." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368632.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines various methods for estimating the spatial distribution of solar radiation, and in particular its diffuse and direct components in mountainous regions. The study area is the Province of Bolzano (Italy). The motivation behind this work is that radiation components are an essential input for a series of applications, such as modeling various natural processes, assessing the effect of atmospheric pollutants on Earth's climate, and planning technological applications converting solar energy into electric power. The main mechanisms that should be considered when estimating solar radiation are: absorption and scattering by clouds and aerosols, and shading, reflections and sky obstructions by terrain. Ground-based measurements capture all these effects, but are unevenly distributed and poorly available in the Italian Alps. Consequently they are inadequate for assessing spatially distributed incoming radiation through interpolation. Furthermore conventional weather stations generally do not measure radiation components. As an alternative, decomposition methods can be applied for splitting global irradiance into the direct and diffuse components. In this study a logistic function was developed from the data measured at three alpine sites in Italy and Switzerland. The validation of this model gave MAB = 51 Wm^-2, and MBD = -17 Wm^-2 for the hourly averages of diffuse radiation.
In addition, artificial intelligence methods, such as artificial neural networks (ANN), can be applied for reproducing the functional relationship between radiation components and meteorological and geometrical factors. Here a multilayer perceptron ANN model was implemented which derives diffuse irradiance from global irradiance and other predictors. Results show good accuracy (MAB in [32,43] Wm^-2, and MBD in [-7,-25] Wm^-2) suggesting that ANN are an interesting tool for decomposing solar radiation into direct and diffuse, and they can reach low error and high generality. On the other hand, radiative transfer models (RTM) can describe accurately the effect of aerosols and clouds. Indeed in this study the RTM libRadtran was exploited for calculating vertical profiles of direct aerosol radiative forcing, atmospheric absorption and heating rate from measurements of black carbon, aerosol number size distribution and chemical composition. This allowed to model the effect of aerosols on radiation and climate. However, despite their flexibility in including as much information as available on the atmosphere, RTM are computationally expensive, thus their operational application requires optimization strategies.
Algorithms based on satellite data can overcome these limitations. They exploit RTM-based look up tables for modeling clear-sky radiation, and derive the radiative effect of clouds from remote observations of reflected radiation. However results strongly depend on the spatial resolution of satellite data and on the accuracy of the external input. In this thesis the algorithm HelioMont, developed by MeteoSwiss, was validated at three alpine locations. This algorithm exploits high temporal resolution METEOSAT satellite data (1 km at nadir). Results indicate that the algorithm is able to provide monthly climatologies of both global irradiance and its components over complex terrain with an error of 10 Wm^-2. However the estimation of the diffuse and direct components of irradiance on daily and hourly time scale is associated with an error exceeding 50 Wm^-2, especially under clear-sky conditions. This problem is attributable to the low spatial and temporal resolution of aerosol distribution in the atmosphere used in the clear-sky scheme. To quantify the potential improvement, daily averages of accurate aerosol and water vapor data were exploited at the AERONET stations of Bolzano and Davos. Clear-sky radiation was simulated by the RTM libRadtran, and low values of bias were found between RTM simulations and ground measurements. This confirmed that HelioMont performance would benefit from more accurate local-scale aerosol boundary conditions. In summary, the analysis of different methods demonstrates that algorithms based on geostationary satellite data are a suitable tool for reproducing both the temporal and the spatial variability of surface radiation at regional scale. However better performances are achievable with a more detailed characterization of the local-scale clear-sky atmospheric conditions. In contrast, for plot scale applications, either the logistic function or ANN can be used for retrieving solar radiation components.
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Castelli, Mariapina. "Assessing solar radiation components over the alpine region Advanced modeling techniques for environmental and technological applications." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2015. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/1484/1/TESI.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines various methods for estimating the spatial distribution of solar radiation, and in particular its diffuse and direct components in mountainous regions. The study area is the Province of Bolzano (Italy). The motivation behind this work is that radiation components are an essential input for a series of applications, such as modeling various natural processes, assessing the effect of atmospheric pollutants on Earth's climate, and planning technological applications converting solar energy into electric power. The main mechanisms that should be considered when estimating solar radiation are: absorption and scattering by clouds and aerosols, and shading, reflections and sky obstructions by terrain. Ground-based measurements capture all these effects, but are unevenly distributed and poorly available in the Italian Alps. Consequently they are inadequate for assessing spatially distributed incoming radiation through interpolation. Furthermore conventional weather stations generally do not measure radiation components. As an alternative, decomposition methods can be applied for splitting global irradiance into the direct and diffuse components. In this study a logistic function was developed from the data measured at three alpine sites in Italy and Switzerland. The validation of this model gave MAB = 51 Wm^-2, and MBD = -17 Wm^-2 for the hourly averages of diffuse radiation.
In addition, artificial intelligence methods, such as artificial neural networks (ANN), can be applied for reproducing the functional relationship between radiation components and meteorological and geometrical factors. Here a multilayer perceptron ANN model was implemented which derives diffuse irradiance from global irradiance and other predictors. Results show good accuracy (MAB in [32,43] Wm^-2, and MBD in [-7,-25] Wm^-2) suggesting that ANN are an interesting tool for decomposing solar radiation into direct and diffuse, and they can reach low error and high generality. On the other hand, radiative transfer models (RTM) can describe accurately the effect of aerosols and clouds. Indeed in this study the RTM libRadtran was exploited for calculating vertical profiles of direct aerosol radiative forcing, atmospheric absorption and heating rate from measurements of black carbon, aerosol number size distribution and chemical composition. This allowed to model the effect of aerosols on radiation and climate. However, despite their flexibility in including as much information as available on the atmosphere, RTM are computationally expensive, thus their operational application requires optimization strategies.
Algorithms based on satellite data can overcome these limitations. They exploit RTM-based look up tables for modeling clear-sky radiation, and derive the radiative effect of clouds from remote observations of reflected radiation. However results strongly depend on the spatial resolution of satellite data and on the accuracy of the external input. In this thesis the algorithm HelioMont, developed by MeteoSwiss, was validated at three alpine locations. This algorithm exploits high temporal resolution METEOSAT satellite data (1 km at nadir). Results indicate that the algorithm is able to provide monthly climatologies of both global irradiance and its components over complex terrain with an error of 10 Wm^-2. However the estimation of the diffuse and direct components of irradiance on daily and hourly time scale is associated with an error exceeding 50 Wm^-2, especially under clear-sky conditions. This problem is attributable to the low spatial and temporal resolution of aerosol distribution in the atmosphere used in the clear-sky scheme. To quantify the potential improvement, daily averages of accurate aerosol and water vapor data were exploited at the AERONET stations of Bolzano and Davos. Clear-sky radiation was simulated by the RTM libRadtran, and low values of bias were found between RTM simulations and ground measurements. This confirmed that HelioMont performance would benefit from more accurate local-scale aerosol boundary conditions. In summary, the analysis of different methods demonstrates that algorithms based on geostationary satellite data are a suitable tool for reproducing both the temporal and the spatial variability of surface radiation at regional scale. However better performances are achievable with a more detailed characterization of the local-scale clear-sky atmospheric conditions. In contrast, for plot scale applications, either the logistic function or ANN can be used for retrieving solar radiation components.
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Rybalka, I. "The process approach and process modeling." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/65235.
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Matthews, Stephen Nicholas. "Modeling Bird Species Occurrence in Current and Future Landscapes." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/MatthewsSN2003.pdf.
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Fu, Guobin. "Modeling water availability and its response to climatic change for the Spokane River Watershed." Online access for everyone, 2005. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2005/g%5Ffu%5F120605.pdf.
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Dickerson, Susan E. Mitchell Robert. "Modeling the effects of climate change forecasts on streamflow in the Nooksack River Basin /." Online version, 2010. http://content.wwu.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/theses&CISOPTR=366&CISOBOX=1&REC=1.
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Tschumi, Tobias. "Modeling the ocean's contributing to past and future changes in global carbon cycling /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Xiao, Danqing. "Modeling and Monitoring Non-topological Spatial Changes of Continuous Phenomena in Geosensor Networks." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2010. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/XiaoD2010.pdf.
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Smith, Benjamin R. "Inhibitory learning in Hermissenda crassicornis photoreceptors light responses, conductance changes, and computer modeling /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3278465.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Neuroscience, 2007.<br>Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-10, Section: B, page: 6516. Adviser: Joseph Farley. Title from dissertation home page (viewed May 21, 2008).
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Wüstemeyer, Christoph. "Modeling design changes in vehicle assembly systems : platform transition strategies and manufacturing flexibility." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/95870.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2014.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 95-99).<br>Driven by rising environmental and geopolitical concerns, regulations have been put in place over the last decade to compel car makers to lower the CO2 emissions of their cars. Due to these increasingly stringent vehicle efficiency standards, considerable effort has been expended to reduce vehicle fuel consumption. Since the mass of the vehicle dominates all of these efforts, it can be argued that future emission requirements will be impossible to achieve with steel vehicle structures. A transition to lightweight, non-steel materials seems inevitable. However, non-steel materials in most cases require dedicated manufacturing systems due to specific manufacturing requirements. Thus, lightweight vehicle systems will require a distinct divergence between today's manufacturing environment and the potential future manufacturing system. While many studies have assessed greenfield production costs for conventional vehicles and the lightweight alternative, this research recognizes an important reality of the automobile marketplace: any future lightweight vehicle will be implemented out of a steel-based manufacturing environment. Carmakers will have to adapt existing plant infrastructure to the particular requirements of the non-ferrous material. This research develops a conceptual framework and a transition cost model to quantify change penalties of transition processes imposed on vehicle assembly systems. This transition model is applied to a case study provided by Ford Motor Company in order to better understand implications of different manufacturing strategies on the system's capability of switching materials. The research identifies three different manufacturing change penalties which have to be paid when switching the base material in vehicle assembly systems. Taking these penalties into account, case studies suggest when, to what extent, and how materials transitions can be realized most cost-effectively. Partial component-wise transitions are presented as an attractive alternative to full material transitions. Finally, strategies are proposed how to increase the material flexibility of automotive manufacturing systems.<br>by Christoph Wüstemeyer.<br>S.M.