Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modélisation de Voronoï'
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Khedimi, Farid. "Modélisation micromécanique des élastomères chargés." Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00628202.
Full textMercier, François. "Analyse et modélisation de la dynamique forestière guyanaise à l'aide de diagrammes de Voronoï." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10346.
Full textZumpicchiat, Guillaume. "Modélisation numérique de la diffusion-corrosion des alliages de zirconium." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS238/document.
Full textIn Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR), zirconium-based alloy cladding tubes are immersed in high pressure water containing boron (1000 wt. boron) and lithium (2 wt. ppm) at high temperature (320 °C). The corrosion induced by this environment is mainly due to the oxidation of the zirconium which transforms in zirconia. This phenomenon is one of the limiting factors of the in-pile fuel rod lifetime (~ 5 years). Therefore, it is important to predict the corrosion process of zirconium based alloys in PWR conditions. Zirconium-based alloys oxidation is sub-parabolic inlike the Wagner theory which predicts a parabolic kinetics. Two finite element models were developed to simulate this phenomenon : the diffuse interface model and the sharp interface model. Both simulate parabolic oxidation kinetics. The growth stress effects on oxygen diffusion were studied to explain the gap between theory and experience. Taking into account the influence of the hydrostatic stress and its gradient into the oxygen flux expression, sub-parabolic oxidation kinetics were simulated. The sub-parabolic behavior of the oxidation kinetics can be explained by a non-uniform compressive stress level into the oxide layer. Simulations of oxygen diffusion throught polycristalline layer of zirconia were performed. Zirconia grains are modelled by Voronoï tesselation and a space between grains is meshed to model grain boundaries. These numerical samples are used to study the effect of zirconia microstructure and microtexture on oxygen diffusion. Experimental data from thin foils of zirconia formed on Zircaloy-4 and zirconium hydrure are used in the simulations
Nivoliers, Vincent. "Échantillonnage pour l'approximation de fonctions sur des maillages." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0161/document.
Full textDigitalisation is an operation which consists in storing an object in a computer for further manipulation using data processing tools. In this document, we are interested in the digitalisation of three-dimensional objects. It is first a matter of recording the shape of the object. Many methods have been developed to address this problem, and we will focus on objects described as meshes. On such objects the storage of attributes like colour, temperature or electrical charge is often useful, depending on the application. We will describe two complementary approaches to deal with this issue. The first one relies on texture mapping. This technique consists in unfolding ? parametrising ? the mesh on a flat image in which the attribute is stored. A value recovered from the image can therefore be associated with each point of the object. We will describe a method which hides the seam artifact, commonly encountered using this technique. Unfolding the mesh demands that its quality be good, which is not always the case. We thus secondly describe a surface sampling method based on a restricted Voronoï diagram. We especially detail how to efficiently compute such an object and how to optimise it with respect to some quality measure. These results are then applied to the surface fitting problem
Dulin, Fabienne. "Exploration des caractéristiques tridimensionnelles des amas protéiques hydrophobes issus du formalisme "Hydrophobic Cluster Analysis" (HCA) : modélisation de formes oligomériques solubles du peptide Aβ impliqué dans la maladie d'Alzheimer, et identification d'un 'point chaud" commun à différentes protéines amyloïdes." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066465.
Full textDelye, de Clauzade de Mazieux Alexandre. "Etude théorique des clusters multi-sauts dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fils." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066192.
Full textRannou, Klervi. "Tessellations à base de champs aléatoires gaussiens. Application à la modélisation spatiale et temporelle de l'endothélium cornéen humain." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEM032/document.
Full textTessellations, also called mosaics, are used to model many structures, for example cellular arrangements in biology or grains in material science. The most known tessellation is the Voronoï diagram which partitions the space from a set of points, called germs. The innovative approach of this thesis is to use Gaussian random fields to generate germs and random distances. The use of random fields allows to simulate a great variety of tessellations in terms of cells forms and sizes.To study the properties of each type of tessellation, they are characterized: first, by studying the germs, including their spatial distribution, and then by analyzing the cells geometry and morphometry. These tessellations are also compared to other known tessellations.The human corneal endothelium is a mono-layer of cells forming a regular hexagonal mosaic at birth, and losing his regularity later. The corneal graft quality is given by some observations made on the endothelial mosaic (cells density, the homogeneity of cells sizes and shapes).A database of endothelium images allows to characterize the evolution with age of the corneal mosaic. The originality is to estimate the age of an endothelium based on the measures computed to characterize the tessellations, and finally to set up a promising method to evaluate if a corneal evolution is normal
Dreyfus, Tom. "Modélisation Multi-échelle et Analyse d'Assemblages Macro-moléculaires Ambigus, avec Applications au Complexe du Pore Nucléaire." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00702403.
Full textOliva, Jean-Michel. "Reconstruction tridimensionnelle d'objets complexes a l'aide de diagrammes de Voronoi simplifiés : application a l'interpolation 3D de sections géologiques." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00838782.
Full textPlessier, François. "Simulation par éléments finis du comportement mécanique de polycristaux chargés en hydrogène." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14202/document.
Full textThe modification of plasticity observed in hydrogen-charged metalic polycristals has been studied using numerical modeling (Finite Element Method). This effect has been quantified by a previous study using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), by measuring the slip steps forming at the surface of (hydrogen-)charged or uncharged 316L polycristals. However the heterogeneity of the strain field in a polycristal makes it difficult to compare precisely the results from different grains and aggregates.After analyzing the impact of the geometrical modelling on the numerical results, this present study porposes a method using numerical simulations (Crystal Plasticity model) to access the local plastic strain field at grain scale, and improve the analysis of the AFM results. The projections of the slip step "real" dimensions into AFM measures (heights and spacings) are taken into consideration in order to convert AFM data into data that are directly linked to plastic activity: the average number of dislocations and slip step spacing. This quantities make it possible to compare the experimental plastic behaviours of the differents agregates in order to quantify the impact of the hydrogen absorption.The capacity of the crystal plasticity model to simulate plasticity modification at intragranulare scale is then studied by implementing material heterogeneities within a grain model, and the resulting modification of the slip developpement within the grain is then analyzed
Flötotto, Julia. "Un système de coordonnées associé à un échantillon de points d'une variété: définition, propriétés et applications." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00832487.
Full textVincent, Pierre-Guy. "Modélisation micromécanique de la croissance et de la percolation de pores sous pression dans une matrice céramique à haute température." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00492215.
Full textSanner, Michel. "Sur la modélisation des surfaces moléculaires." Mulhouse, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MULH0245.
Full textFlötotto, Julia. "A coordinate system associated to a point cloud issued from a manifold : definition, properties and applications." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE4040.
Full textSurfaces and manifolds represented by a set of discrete points are encountered in various application areas. In this thesis, we define a coordinate system on the manifold associated to such a point set which is a generalization of Sibson's natural neighbor coordinates. We show its fundamental mathematical properties as well as its application to scattered data interpolation on manifolds. Furthermore, we introduce the notion of Voronoi atlas defined as a collection of Voronoi cells that approximate the Voronoi diagram restricted to the manifold. We describe its application in surface reconstruction and re-meshing. In addition, we show the basic properties of natural neighbor coordinates in power diagrams and we survey the interpolation methods based on natural neighbor coordinates. This survey details some proofs that are omitted in the original papers
Oliva, Jean-Michel. "Reconstruction tridimensionnelle d'objets complexes à l'aide de diagrammes de Voronoi simplifiés : applications à l'interpolation 3D de sections géologiques." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 1995. https://theses.hal.science/docs/00/83/87/82/PDF/1995_Oliva_Jean-Michel.pdf.
Full textBenoît-Pasanau, Céline. "Modélisation et simulation de composants optiques diffractifs et pixellisés en vue de leur caractérisation et de leur optimisation." Paris 11, 2010. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00714697.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the design and the improvement of two dimensional pixelated components compatible with low cost, non conventional optical technologies. As these components introduce diffraction effects, our goal is to quantify and reduce them to improve the quality of the images they provide in comparison to usual periodic geometries. For that purpose, we break the periodicity of the cell centres of conventional Spatial Light Modulators (SLM). The result is a better angular distribution of the diffracted intensity outside the direct image, at the cost of a small deterioration of its quality quantified by its Strehl ratio. We introduce an adjustment of the Voronoi structure notion to SLM and we show their superiority over conventional ones. Thus, they should be preferred to make active components. We determine several optimal cases where the diffraction peaks produced by the cell walls and the pixelation of the phase function implemented on the SLM are replaced by a diffraction halo. The prototypes that were made confirm the simulations results and prove the technical feasibility of the chosen filling process in spite of some limits that we analyze. Finally the potential of pixelated components is extended to applications other than ophthalmic by showing that they can improve the performances of a camera lens
Guilhot-Gaudeffroy, Adrien. "Modélisation et score de complexes protéine-ARN." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112228/document.
Full textMy thesis shows results for the prediction of protein-RNA interactions with machine learning. An international community named CAPRI (Critical Assessment of PRedicted Interactions) regularly assesses in silico methods for the prediction of the interactions between macromolecules. Using blindpredictions within time constraints, protein-protein interactions and more recently protein-RNA interaction prediction techniques are assessed.In a first stage, we worked on curated protein-RNA benchmarks, including 120 3D structures extracted from the non redundant PRIDB (Protein-RNA Interface DataBase). We also tested the protein-RNA prediction method we designed using 40 protein-RNA complexes that were extracted from state-ofthe-art benchmarks and independent from the non redundant PRIDB complexes. Generating candidates identical to the in vivo solution with only a few 3D structures is an issue we tackled by modelling a candidate generation strategy using RNA structure perturbation in the protein-RNAcomplex. Such candidates are either near-native candidates – if they are close enough to the solution– or decoys – if they are too far away. We want to discriminate the near-native candidates from thedecoys. For the evaluation, we performed an original cross-validation process we called leave-”onepdb”-out, where there is one fold per protein-RNA complex and each fold contains the candidates generated using one complex. One of the gold standard approaches participating in the CAPRI experiment as to date is RosettaDock. RosettaDock is originally optimized for protein-proteincomplexes. For the learning step of our scoring function, we adapted and used an evolutionary algorithm called ROGER (ROC-based Genetic LearnER) to learn a logistic function. The results show that our scoring function performs much better than the original RosettaDock scoring function. Thus,we extend RosettaDock to the prediction of protein-RNA interactions. We also evaluated classifier based and metaclassifier-based approaches, which can lead to new improvements with further investigation.In a second stage, we introduced a new way to evaluate candidates using a multi-scale protocol. A candidate is geometrically represented on an atomic level – the most detailed scale – as well as on a coarse-grained level. The coarse-grained level is based on the construction of a Voronoi diagram over the coarse-grained atoms of the 3D structure. Voronoi diagrams already successfully modelled coarsegrained interactions for protein-protein complexes in the past. The idea behind the multi-scale protocolis to first find the interaction patch (epitope) between the protein and the RNA before using the time consuming and yet more precise atomic level. We modelled new scoring terms, as well as new scoring functions to evaluate generated candidates. Results are promising. Reducing the number of parameters involved and optimizing the explicit solvent model may improve the coarse-grained level predictions
Benoit-Pasanau, Céline. "Modélisation et simulation de composants optiques diffractifs et pixellisés en vue de leur caractérisation et de leur optimisation." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00714697.
Full textNullans, Stéphane. "Reconstruction géométrique de formes - Application à la géologie." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00832483.
Full textBertin, Etienne. "Diagrammes de Voronoi 2D et 3D, applications en analyse d'images." Phd thesis, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005078.
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