Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modélisation des pluies'
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Lepioufle, Jean-Marie. "Modélisation spatio-temporelle d'un champ de pluie : application aux pluies journalières du bassin versant de la Loire." Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0109.
Full textIn spite of the sparse measurement informations, rainfall fields can be modelled as a space-time intermittent process : superimposition of inner variability field and rainfall indicator field, both influenced by advection. Geostatistics permits to link the space-time structure and the evolution of statistical characteristics with temporal support size. This work proposes a space-time modelisation of an effective rainfall field based on significant statistical characteristics in the point of view of hydrology : mathematical expectation and variance of rainfall for different duration. An implementation is done from daily rainfall over the Loire basin in order to provide realistic rainfall events with a duratioin of one day to 10 days
Amokrane, Hossine. "Étude expérimentale et modélisation de l'absorption de dioxyde de soufre en milieu dispersé liquide." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT085H.
Full textSicard, Emeline. "Choix de composantes optimales pour l'analyse spatiale et la modélisation : application aux pluies mensuelles du Nordeste brésilien." Montpellier 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON13509.
Full textMichon, Timothée. "Extension du potentiel de la modélisation hydrologique. : inversions heuristiques de modèles pluie-débit pour l'identification des paramètres simultanément aux pluies ou à la courbe de tarage." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAA005/document.
Full textRainfall-runoff models are used for flood forecasting by warning authorities. However their implementation on a particular territory is still a challenge. Indeed, they generally need to be calibrated by using observed rainfall and discharge time series. These data may be subject to errors and uncertainties. They are not always available. Then, the model calibration relevancy may be affected and the forecasts may also be subject to significant uncertainties. This research would like to address such issues related to the rainfall-runoff models calibration, by proposing original methods which may set up a model by using less data than the ``classical'' calibration. The unused data might be either subject to uncertainties or not available. Moreover, these unused data may be estimated by the methods. Two model independant approach were suggested. Both are an heuristic inversion algorithm of rainfall-runoff models. The first method estimates simultaneously hourly rainfall time series and models parameters, by using only observed hourly discharge time series and total areal rainfall of flood events. A specific application of this method to set up models (with fixed parameters), generalises to models which are not invertible analyticaly, the ``hydrology backward'' approach proposed by Kirchner (2009).The second method estimates simultaneously models parameters and a rating-curve, by using only observed hourly rainfall and stage time series. Original analysis may be performed on the rainfall time series and the rating-curve estimated by the methods. Also, they extend the applicability rainfall-runoff models to hydrological context with restricted available data and offer promising operational applications. Yet, this research lead us to build a conceptual framework, denoted knowledge space. This framework unifies not only the original approaches which were proposed, but also some more ``classical'' approaches to hydrology as the calibration and the simulation
Kirstetter, Pierre-Emanuel. "Estimation quantitative des précipitations par radar météorologique : inférence de la structure verticale des pluies, modélisation des erreurs radar-pluviomètres." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10121.
Full textThe cévennes-vivarais mediterranean hydrometeorological observatory is a research initiative aimed at improving the rainfall observation. A number of innovative quantitative precipitation estimation (qpe) algorithms aimed at a space-time adaptive radar data processing were developed using the dataset of the bollène 2002 experiment. The last involved the operational weather radar of bollène, which is part of the aramis network. Our contribution in the present thesis deals with the vertical heterogeneity of rainfall. We consider the vertical profile of reflectivity inversion method proposed by andrieu et creutin (1995). It is adapted to the case of time-varying geographical supports designed with preliminary rain typing. Characterizing the error structure of radar quantitative precipitation estimates is recognized as a major issue. We assess the radar qpe with respect to reference rain estimates derived from rain gauge networks. A geostatistical framework is proposed for the establishment of such reference estimates. Assuming the residual between radar and reference value to be a random variable, we describe radar error by mean of probability distributions. The model consists in an additive random error, described by a random distribution. Some elements of space-time error structure are given. A new approach to determine the vertical profile of reflectivity (vpr) is proposed. It is based on a simplified microphysics in synergy with radar observations to simulate the vpr. A vpr is described with a reduced number of physical parameters. The new identified vprs are thus less refined but more valid and robust than the initial method
Traoré, Abdoul Khadre. "Etude et modélisation de l'influence des processus couplés surface-atmosphère sur la variabilité des pluies et du climat Ouest Africain." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066112.
Full textLobligeois, Florent. "Mieux connaître la distribution spatiale des pluies améliore-t-il la modélisation des crues ? Diagnostic sur 181 bassins versants français." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AGPT0013/document.
Full textHydrologic models are essential tools to compute the catchment rainfall-runoff response required for river management and flood forecast purposes. Precipitation dominates the high frequency hydrological response, and its simulation is thus dependent on the way rainfall is represented. In this context, the sensitivity of runoff hydrographs to the spatial variability of forcing data is a major concern of researchers. However, results from the abundant literature are contrasted and it is still difficult to reach a clear consensus.Weather radar is considered to be helpful for hydrological forecasting since it provides rainfall estimates with high temporal and spatial resolution. However, it has long been shown that quantitative errors inherent to the radar rainfall estimates greatly affect rainfall-runoff simulations. As a result, the benefit from improved spatial resolution of rainfall estimates is often limited for hydrological applications compared to the use of traditional ground networks.Recently, Météo-France developed a rainfall reanalysis over France at the hourly time step over a 10-year period combining radar data and raingauge measurements: weather radar data were corrected and adjusted with both hourly and daily raingauge data. Here we propose a framework to evaluate the improvement in streamflow simulation gained by using this new high resolution product.First, a model able to cope with different spatial resolutions, from lumped to semi-distributed, was developed and validated. Second, the impact of spatial rainfall resolution input on streamflow simulation was investigated. Then, the usefulness of spatial radar data measurements for rainfall estimates was compared with an exclusive use of ground raingauge measurements and evaluated through hydrological modelling in terms of streamflow simulation improvements. Finally, semi-distributed modelling with the TGR model was performed for flood forecasting and compared with the lumped forecasting GRP model currently in use in the French flood forecast services. The originality of our work is that it is based on actual measurements from a large set of 181 French catchments representing a variety of size and climate conditions, which allows to draw reliable conclusions
Wendling, Jacques. "Modélisation pluie-débit en zone méditerranéenne : comparaison d'approches globaels/distribuées, conceptuelles/physico-déterministes : essai de prise en compte de la variabilité spatiale des pluies (application au bassin versant du Réal Collobrier)." Grenoble INPG, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPG0012.
Full textAssaba, Mohammed. "La connaissance des pluies mensuelles au service de la modélisation hydrologique des apports mensuels en eau de surface : application à l'Algérie du Nord, au Sud de la France et à la Corse : thèse." Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE2015.
Full textThe objective of this work is double, it interested to the automatic mapping of monthly rainfall, and to the hydrological modeling of monthly discharges of surface water. The methodology suggested for the event cartography of monthly rainfall consists to valorise rainfall of one-month given information by the regional knowledge of statistical parameters of the monthly distributions of rainfall. The applications realised shows the establishment of the maps of the monthly median rains on the three areas. We also detailed the way of construction of the event. We show then the interest of hydrological model GR2M. This model makes it possible to know correctly of monthly discharges of basins. An analysis of the sensitivity shows that the parameters of this model are accessible with ten years of measured discharges. On the other hand the results become disappointing in semi-arid climate. We also show that this model is best adapted to a distributed use
Sempere, Torres Daniel. "Calcul de la lame ruisselée dans la modélisation pluie-débit : limitations des approches globales et introduction simplifiée de la topographie et de la variabilité spatiale des pluies : applications aux bassins versants du Gardon d'Anduze et du Réal Collobrier." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1990. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00694027.
Full textCyr, Linda. "Apport des indices de végétation pour l'évaluation de la couverture du sol en vue d'une modélisation spatiale de l'érosion." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11136.
Full textGibon, François. "Etude de la dynamique spatio-temporelle de l'humidité du sol : Applications du satellite SMOS au suivi de rendement agricole en Afrique de l'Ouest et à la correction des produits satellitaires de pluies." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAU013/document.
Full textSoil moisture was declared Essential Climate Variable (ECV) in 2010 by the European Space Agency (ESA) in support of the work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). In vulnerable areas such as West Africa (poorly irrigated and subsistence agriculture, extreme temperatures and high variability of rainfall), the added value of informations on soil moisture is important, especially in a changing climate. The first part of this thesis concerns the representation of root-zone soil moisture on a large scale using the triptych in-situ measurements / remote sensing / modeling. These 3 methods each have limitations: (i) the low density of in-situ networks (3 measurement sites throughout West Africa), (ii) SMOS estimates only at the surface (0-5 cm) and (iii) the uncertainties of the real-time precipitation forcing used in surface models. In order to reduce these limitations, an assimilation method (particle filter) of SMOS data has been implemented in an empirical surface model (API) and compared to AMMA-CATCH in-situ measurements. The results show an improvement of the humidities modeled after assimilation. The second part concerns the impact of soil moisture variations on millet yields. A statistical relationship was first determined from yield data measured in 10 villages around Niamey. The results show that the 20-day soil moisture anomalies at the beginning of July and the end of August - mid September (reproductive period and grain filling period), at a depth of about 30 cm, explain the variations in yield measured at R2=0.77. This relationship was then applied to the Nigerien scale from FAO yield data and in-depth moisture maps developed in the first part of the thesis. The results show a correlation at R2=0.62 over the years 1998-2015. Then, the method was apply to 3 other sahelian countries, showing a agreement of 0.77. The last part of this work concerns the exploitation of the residuals of the assimilation scheme in order to reduce the uncertainties on the precipitations. The satellite precipitation products CMORPH, TRMM and PERSIANN, in their real-time version, were compared to rain gauges before and after assimilation. The result of this study shows a marked improvement in the estimated precipitations intensities. The method was then applied to a precipitation product used at the AGRHYMET regional center for agricultural monitoring, the TAMSAT product.This thesis work has led to further research into the potential of satellite moisture data for agronomic applications. The perspectives of this work mainly concern: (i) the use of other sensors (SMAP, ASCAT, AMSR) to increase the frequency of the observations of humidity in the assimilation, (ii) on methods of disaggregation of the coefficients for the correction of precipitation at higher spatial resolution and (iii) the use of multispectral data (vegetation indices, soil temperature, ...) for a better monitoring of yields
Voignier, Pierre. "Influence de la structure spatiale des pluies et du bassin versant sur les écoulements en réseau : approche à l'aide du logiciel EAUSER : Application à Saint-Etienne." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 1990. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00838436.
Full textLeviandier, Thierry. "Modélisation Pluie-débit Durée Fréquence." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00360116.
Full textUne première partie traite de l'aspect spatial des transferts, visant à exprimer sous une forme très synthétique la structure arborescente du réseau hydrographique. Elle suffit à transcrire des effets d'échelle et les grands contrastes internes au bassin versant concernant la fonction de production, ce qui asseoit une méthode de régionalisation efficace. Une variante plus réaliste dans la représentation de l'hydraulique permet de représenter l'atténuation hydraulique au sein d'un bassin versant.
La modélisation stochastique de la pluie (CECP) procède par désagrégation de la pluie totale d'un épisode en sous épisodes. Cette décomposition \textit{quantité} x \textit{forme} permet d'utiliser des fonctions monotones à forme donnée, et donc d'inverser le modèle ou de calculer facilement des probabilités conditionnelles, opérations généralement impossibles avec d'autres modèles. Le modèle n'est donc pas restreint à une utilisation en simulation, mais permet un calcul explicite (numérique) des fréquences rares.
Les probabilités conditionnelles se révèlent par ailleurs une représentation conjointe des aspects dynamiques et probabilistes que l'on propose d'appeler modèle pluie-débit-durée-fréquence, et qui manifeste l'existence de durées critiques dépendantes de la fréquence. On propose par ailleurs une formulation approchée, sous forme de loi dérivée, c'est à dire une distribution de probabilité dont les paramètres sont les paramètres de la transformation pluie-debit.
Pour estimer ce modèle dans des conditions variées de disponibilité de l'information, on propose d'utiliser l'information de Kullback-Leibler, avec une adaptation pour les valeurs extrêmes.
Cassé, Claire. "Impact du forçage pluviométrique sur les inondations du fleuve Niger à Niamey : Etude à partir de données satellitaires et in-situ." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30236/document.
Full textSince the development of satellite based remote sensing in the 1970s, many missions have been dedicated to monitoring the terrestrial atmosphere and surfaces. Some of these satellites are dedicated to the Tropics with specific orbits. Megha-Tropiques (MT) is devoted to the water and energy cycle in the tropical atmosphere and provides an enhanced sampling for rainfall estimation in the tropical region. This PhD work was initiated within MT hydro-meteorological activities, with the objective of assessing the hydrological potential of satellite rainfall products in the Tropics. The world most important rivers lay in tropical areas where the in situ observation networks are deficient. Alternative information is therefore needed for water resource management and alert systems. The present work focuses on the Niger River a basin which has undergone drastic climatic variations leading to disasters such as droughts and floods. Since 1950, the Niger has been through 3 main climatic periods: a wet period (1950-1960), a long and intense drought period (1970-1980) and since 1990 a partial recovery of the rainfall. These climatic variations and the anthropic pressure, have modified the hydrological behaviour of the basin. Since 2000, the middle Niger River has been hit by an increase of floods hazards during the so-called Red flood period. In Niamey city, the highest river levels and the longest flooded period were recorded in 2003, 2010, 2012 and 2013, leading to heavy casualties and property damage. This study combines hydrological modelling and a variety of rainfall estimation products (satellite and in-situ) to meet several objectives: (i) the simulation of the Niamey Red flood and the detection of floods (during the recent period 2000-2013) (ii) the study of the propagation of satellite rainfall errors in hydrological modelling (iii) the evaluation of the role of rainfall variability, and surface conditions, in the changes of the Red flood in Niamey since the 50s. The global model ISBA-TRIP, is run with a resolution of 0.5° and 3h, and several rainfall products were used as forcing. Products derived from gauges (KRIG, CPC), pure satellite products (TAPEER, 3B42RT, CMORPH, PERSIANN) and mixed satellite products adjusted by rain gauges (3B42v7, RFE2, PERSIANN-CDR). This work confirms the hydrological potential of satellite rainfall products and proposes an original approach to overcome their biases. It highlights the need for documenting the errors associated with the rainfall products and the error structure. Finally, the hydrological modelling results since the 1950s have given a new understanding of the relative role of rainfall and surface conditions in the drastic increase of flood risk in Niamey
HREICHE, ANTOINE. "Modélisation conceptuelle de la transformation pluie-débit dans le contexte méditerranéen." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004188.
Full textCouplé à un modèle stochastique adimensionnel de pluie, MEDOR génère une surface représentative des coefficients d'écoulement des bassins dans l'espace des paramètres. Cinq zones ont été définies sur le pourtour méditerranéen avec leurs surfaces de référence. MEDOR possède des propriétés d'agglomération spatiale et temporelle. Les paramètres du modèle pour un bassin formé de l'union de plusieurs sous bassins sont déterminés par des lois d'agglomération utilisant les paramètres de chacun d'eux. Un des paramètres de la fonction de production est lié à la profondeur utile du sol, ce qui permet de transformer le modèle global en un modèle semi-distribué. L'extension à un nombre plus important de bassins permettrai de préciser la signification des paramètres, et donc d'envisager une application à des bassins non jaugés.
Hreiche, Antoine. "Modélisation conceptuelle de la transformation pluie-débit dans le contexte méditerranéen." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20081.
Full textSalahshour, Dehchali Jamshid. "La modélisation de la transformation pluie - débit sur les bassins versants périurbains." Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0059.
Full textCurrently, at the periphery of agglomerations, a particular urban form is developing, constituted of an individual more or less diffuse habitat mix of activities and trade zones, etc. , gradually occupying natural or cultivated zones. The catchment areas possessing this type of land use, which we will qualify as periurban, have a specific hydrological mechanism. This mechanism is characterized by the coexistence of two types of surfaces with very different behaviors and two systems of flow in interaction (the natural hydrographic network and the storm sewer system). The abject of this study is the development of a model allowing the representation of the hydrological behavior of the periurban watersheds, especially vis a vis the runoff phenomena. The model must be able to represent in a continuous manner the evolution of the watershed behavior along with its urbanization. The proposed model is composed of three modules: an urban module, a rural module and an overflow device module. The urban module represents the functioning of the urbanized part of the peri urban watershed, the rural module that of the rural part, and the storm overflow module allows the estimation of the quantity of water to be rejected from the urban sewer system to natural (rural) milieu. The study of the model's sensitivity, undertaken for different types of rainfall (low, average and high) has allowed to reduce to 12 the number of calibration parameters. The model was then calibrated and validated by using hydrological data from four experimental sites (two urban sites, one rural site and one periurban site). The results obtained show that the urban module simulates very well the transformation of the rainfall to discharge for average and low rainfall. The rural module simulates the hydrological responses of the rural part satisfactorily. Finally, the totality of the model gives satisfactory results for average and low rainfall for tested periurban catchment. Because of the non-availability of data observed on high rainfall, no validation of the model has been do ne for this type of rain
Liu, Zhongxun. "Modélisation des signatures radar des tourbillons de sillage par temps de pluie." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ESAE0015/document.
Full textNvestigation on radar monitoring of wake vortices in rainy weather is of both scientific and practical interests. This topic hasbeen tackled through three successive steps during this thesis.Firstly, the motion of raindrops in wake vortices has been modeled and simulated. The equation of the motion has been derived and the methodology to compute the raindrops' trajectory and distribution in the flow induced by the wakevortices has been proposed. Secondly, two simulators have been developed for evaluating the radar signatures of raindropsin wake vortices. Those simulators have been used to reproduce experimental configurations and the comparison betweenmeasured and simulated signature has shown an interesting agreement at X and W band. Lastly, the interpretation of radarsignatures of raindrops in wake vortices has been presented. The dependence of radar signatures on rain rate, vortexcirculation and radar parameters has been studied. A wake vortex detection method based on the analysis of Dopplerspectrum width of raindrops and a methodology to estimate the wake vortex characteristics have been proposed.The radar signatures of wake vortices in rainy weather have been modeled and analyzed in this thesis. The simulationresults have demonstrated the capability of radar to detect wake vortex in rainy weather. The methodologies developed inthis thesis can be further exploited for designing new wake vortex radar systems
Emmanuel, Isabelle. "Evaluation de l'apport de la mesure de pluie par radar météorologique pour la modélisation pluie-débit de petits bassins versants." Phd thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00709754.
Full textKabouya, Messaouda. "Modélisation pluie-débit aux pas de temps mensuel et annuel en Algérie septentrionale." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA112376.
Full textRakem, Yasmina. "Analyse critique et reformulation mathématique d'un modèle pluie-débit (GR4)." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ENPC9937.
Full textBassette, Céline. "Modélisation 3-D de l'interception de la pluie par le bananier:effets des caractéristiques physiques du couvert sur les flux d'eau et d'énergie cinétique transmis au sol." Antilles-Guyane, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2004AGUY0123.
Full textIndustrial banana cropping in high rainfall conditions used high input rates for fertilisation and pest control(nematodes,insects and fungi). These granule spread to the soil near plant collars or liquid sprayed on the leaves can be leached and carried to surface or ground waters by run-off and infiltration ,threatening and human health. As banana architecture provide important rainfall redistribution as stemflow and throughfall ,it became a major issue to locate and quantify fluxes below the plants to limit input leaching and help in the design of environnmental-friendly practices. We used the DROP model that combined plant architecture from digitising and rainfall ditribution simulation according to the plant physical propertise. This model provided 2-D maps of water distribution below plants
Moussu, François. "prise en compte du fonctionnement hydrodynamique dans la modélisation pluie débit des systèmes karstiques." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00735153.
Full textGuillot, Gilles. "Modélisation statistique des champs de pluie sahéliens : application à leur désagrégation spatiale et temporelle." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10226.
Full textArchambault, Fabien. "Vers une modélisation plus réaliste des systèmes biologiques." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10037/document.
Full textMost of the energy potential functional used in biological systems only treat electronic polarization implicitely and this, in an incomplete way. Even very effective for many applications, those force fields reach there limits when the polarization effects are important. This is the case, for example, at the active site of metalloproteins where the metallic ion heavily polarizes its environment. We will present a strategy to take into account the polarization through polarizability distributed on atoms obtained by quantum chemical calculations. The interaction energies have been compared with a reference SAPT (\textit{Symmetry Adapted Perturbation Theory}) calculation which permits to expand the interaction in electrostatics, induction and van der Waals contributions. I will present the interaction of ions with water, benzene and also water dimer interactions. Preliminary results in molecular dynamics seems to confirm that gas phase parameters can be transfered to condensed phase
Loumagne, Cécile. "Prise en compte d'un indice de l'état hydrique du sol dans la modélisation pluie-débit." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112283.
Full textGrelat, Delphine. "Crues des hauts bassins de la Loire : modélisation géographiquement distribuée, Mike SHE : évaluation et perspectives." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066528.
Full textLerat, Julien. "Quels apports hydrologiques pour les modèles hydrauliques ? : vers un modèle intégré de simulation des crues." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00392240.
Full textUne méthode automatisée de découpage du bassin intermédiaire en sous-bassins a d'abord été élaborée afin de faciliter la construction du modèle hydrologique sur les 50 tronçons de rivière. Des tests de sensibilité ont été menés sur le nombre de sous-bassins, la nature uniforme ou distribuée des entrées de pluie et des paramètres du modèle hydrologique. Une configuration à 4 sous-bassins présentant des pluies et des paramètres uniformes s'est avérée la plus performante sur l'ensemble de l'échantillon.
Enfin, une méthode alternative de calcul des apports latéraux a été proposée utilisant une transposition du débit mesuré à l'amont et une combinaison avec le modèle hydrologique.
Marchandise, Arthur. "Modélisation hydrologique distribuée sur le Gardon d'Anduze : étude comparative de différents modèles pluie-débit, extrapolation de la normale à l'extrême et tests d'hypothèses sur les processus hydrologiques." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20254.
Full textDesurosne, Isabelle. "Gradients d'intensités de pluies en zones à relief : expérimentations et premières modélisations des données d'un réseau rhônapin, le TPG." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR13144.
Full textViguier, Jean-Marc. "Mesure et modélisation de l'érosion pluviale : application au vignoble de Vidauban (Var)." Aix-Marseille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX22054.
Full textMahieddine, Mohammed. "Modélisation, visualisation et animation d'objets 3D : Approche orientée objets." nice, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NICE4496.
Full textChkir, Najiba. "Mise au point d'un modèle hydrologique conceptuel intégrant l'état hydrique du sol dans la modélisation pluie-débit." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00520737.
Full textPerrin, Charles. "Vers une amélioration d'un modèle global pluie-débit." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006216.
Full textNouhou, Bako Amina. "Modélisation numérique de l’érosion diffuse des sols : interaction gouttes-ruissellement." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2027/document.
Full textThe aim of this work is to formulate an interrill erosion model. This model should take into account the main erosion processes (detachment, transport and sedimentation) and the interaction of raindrops during these processes. First we develop a law for rainfall detachment that includes the effects of the raindrops and the water layer thickness at the soil surface. We use the Gerris software to simulate the shear stresses created by the impacts of raindrops at the soil surface. These shear stresses allow to evaluate the quantity of soil detached by each raindrop. We have shown with a probabilistic approach that raindrops are almost independent during soil detachment. Then by summing all the raindrops detachments we obtain the rainfall detachment law. Futhermore the probabilistic study has revealed the possibility of a strong interaction between raindrops and settling particles. So, we used specific laboratory experiments to investigate the particles transport and sedimentation processes. These experiments show that the effect of raindrops is to increase the particles settling velocity. Finally, we propose a new erosion model which encompasses previous literature erosion models and that can describe the behavior of sediments concentrations with linear and non-linear behaviors. The model is able to simulate interrill and rill erosions at the watershed scale, bedload transport in rivers and chemical transfer. The integration of the model in the FullSWOF runoff software is also carried out
Dembelé, Abel. "MES, DCO et polluants prioritaires des rejets urbains de temps de pluie : mesure et modélisation des flux événementiels." Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAL0091.
Full textUrban stormwater constitutes a significant vector of pollutants towards groundwater and surface water. Beyond the traditional pollutants (TSS, COD, etc. ) already largely studied over several decades, other pollutants considered as dangerous as the priority pollutants of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD, 2000/60/CE) are often regularly measured in urban stormwater. Neither their mean concentrations nor their pathways are rather well understood. The success of the WFD requires the evaluation and the reduction of stormwater pollutants. Due to the technical difficulties and the associated costs of sampling and chemical analysis, a systematic measurement of stormwater seems practically impossible. Thus, it is necessary to obtain suitable models established with experimental data for the prediction of stormwater pollutant loads. As a part of the ESPRIT collaborative project which aims to contribute to the identification, evaluation and characterisation of the 41 WFD priority pollutants transported by stormwater, the objectives of our study are i) to quantify at the event scale the stormwater pollutant loads ii) to constitute a first database of the knowledge of these pollutants and iii) to develop predictive models (statistical, empirical and conceptual) of the pollutant event mean concentrations EMCs and event fluxes EFs. Simple tools are proposed to contribute to the measurement and modelling of stormwater pollutants loads in practice. Moreover, a first strategy is proposed for the evaluation of both the impact and the contribution of the stormwater on receiving waters. TSS, COD, 25 metals and most of the organic priority pollutants are been measured separately in both the dissolved and particulate fractions of approximately one hundred different samples collected in Chassieu (industrial area, separate sewer) and Ecully (residential area, combined sewer), made up of four sample types: dry atmospheric depositions, rainwater, wastewater and stormwater. Different regression models, one empirical model and three conceptual models for the prediction of EMCs and EFs of every pollutant have been evaluated using three different calibration algorithms. The results show that these pollutants are present in the different samples and that their fluxes in the dissolved and particulate and total fractions vary more or less strongly according to both the site and the rain event. Satisfactory models have been obtained for the prediction of EMCs and EFs of most of the studied pollutants. However, it appears that the performances of EFs models are higher than that of EMCs models. Regression models vary according to both the pollutant and the site
Rousseau, Julien. "Contribution à la modélisation du trafic routier dans l'algèbre min-plus." Angers, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ANGE0060.
Full textMoissenet, Florent. "Modélisation musculo-squelettique : vers un modèle plus proche de la clinique." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10093.
Full textBecause of the increasing need of prevention, diagnosis, monitoring and treatment, numerical modeling has become an interesting tool to understand the interactions of the musculoskeletal system and to replace measurements that are still invasive for some data such as muscles, ligaments or contact forces. Many models have been proposed and some musculoskeletal simulation softwares are now avalaibales. These softwares are based on a generic model, developed using cadaver data of an adult man, and allow computing internal forces using some algorithms that are not always accessible. However, these models and algorithms are mainly adapted to the case of an asymptomatic adult man and their application to another subject, such as a pathologic subject, is criticism. Consequently, many studies have been proposed to develop geometric subject-specific models. Nevertheless, very few works have been proposed to personalize optimization algorithms that are used to solve the muscular redundancy problem, even if it seems essential to link them to pathologies. The objectives of this thesis were to develop new algorithms for musculo-tendon and osteo-articular force computation during gait. An original and versatile musculoskeletal model is developed using parameters based on natural coordinates and detailed kinematics models for both knee and ankle joints. Then, a multicriteria optimization procedure is proposed, based on the pseudoinverse method and allowing the simultaneous computation of osteo-articular and musculo-tendon forces. On the whole, this study proposes a new method to develop models and methods that could be used in the future for clinical applications during gait
Quérel, Arnaud. "Lessivage de l'atmosphère par la pluie : approche microphysique." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00859330.
Full textOudin, Ludovic. "Recherche d'un modèle d'évapotranspiration potentielle pertinent comme entrée d'un modèle pluie-débit global." Phd thesis, ENGREF (AgroParisTech), 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000931.
Full textDezetter, Alain. "Modélisation globale de la relation pluie débit : application en zone de savanes soudanaises (Nord-Ouest de la Côte-d'Ivoire)." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20173.
Full textAli, Abdou. "Modélisation de l'invariance d'échelle des champs de pluie sahéliens : application aux algorithmes d'estimation et aux études de variabilité climatique." Grenoble INPG, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPG0124.
Full textThis thesis relates to the development of a scale invariant model for the spatial structure of Sahelian rainfields in a geostatistical context and its application for the evaluation of rainfall products. By considering the internal and external variability of the rain event to be invariant in the climatological sense, an analytical relationship makes it possible to deduce the spatial structure of cumulative event rainfields according to the number of events. The model is then used as the conceptual framework to define an error function for rainfall estimation. On the other hand, a comparative analysis of kriging methods have made it possible to calculate, in a realistic manner, both the reference values for calibration and the validation of the error function. This error function is then used for the evaluation of the existing raingauge networks and the intercomparison of satellite rainfall products. Finally, the basis of a conceptual regional model for rainfall simulation in the Sahel is proposed, taking the dynamics of the convective rain systems into account. Upon completion, this model may be used to produce rainfall scenarios at the regional scale, in order to test the hydrological or agronomic impact of climatic variability
Rodriguez-Hernandez, Javier-Yves. "Modélisation pluie-débit par la méthode DPFT : développements de la méthode initiale et extension à des cas bi-entrées." Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPG0085.
Full textRuelland, Denis. "Méthodes d’intégration de l’information géographique dans la modélisation des hydrosystèmes." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20180.
Full textTo meet the needs for water resources management, hydrological sciences ought to develop tools able to forecast the effects of constraints (climate, land-use, water policy) on hydrological variables (discharge, water quality). As water management is necessarily performed at the level of regional catchments, these tools need to be developed at such scales, while taking into account explicitly the spatial distribution and the temporal variability of involved phenomena. The question is investigated through the synthesis of experiments in river systems modelling. These experiences make it possible to suggest methods and techniques for integrating geographical information and leading to their consistent use in hydrological terms. Examples of applications in various geographical contexts and on different levels of scales are put forward: (i) modelling of the transfer of point and diffuse pollutions in a large man-shaped basin in a temperate environment (basin of the Seine River, France); (ii) modelling of the transfer of agricultural pollutions in a rural basin in a temperate environment (basin of the Moine River, France); (iii) modelling of the rainfall-runoff relationship in a large Sudano-Sahelian catchment (basin of the Bani River, Mali). These experiments are followed by reflections on specificities of such approaches, the requirements of their implementation and the changes of paradigms which they can involve in hydrological research
Mouelhi, Safouane. "Vers une chaîne cohérente de modèles pluie-débit conceptuels globaux aux pas de temps pluriannuel, annuel, mensuel et journalier." Paris, ENGREF, 2003. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005696.
Full textThe hydrologic literaure abounds in description of models with various temporal scale (from hourly to several years) that are applied on wide range of cathment sizes (from a few square meters to a few tens thousands of square kilometres). However, few authors have looked at the overall coherence of thse models developed at different time steps. The present thesis tries to answer an interesting question : Is it possible to see in this various time scales a mean to rationalize the corresponding modelling endeavours and obtain more efficient and more coherent models? Our work here, was mainly concerned with three time-steps: several years, one year and one month. For each time step we compared models from the literature, checking them against data from 429 basins featuring contrasting climatic conditions. Thanks to several going to and fro between those time steps, we greatly improved the models available for the three studies time steps. We proposed three lumped coneptual models for these three time. Considering a similar model developed for the daily time step, we could get an overall view of the modeling exercise for these four time steps and we found an abiding feature in all of them. This cammon only with the overlying atmosphere
Mourad, Mohammad. "Modélisation de la qualité des rejets urbains de temps de pluie : sensibilité aux données expériementales et adéquation aux besoins opérationnels." Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2005ISAL0063/these.pdf.
Full textStormwater quality simulation models are useful tools for the design and management of sewer systems. Modelling results can be sensitive to experimental data used for calibration. This sensitivity is examined for three modelling approaches of various complexities (site mean concentration approach, event mean concentration approach and build-up, washoff and transport modelling approach) applied to a dry detention pond design case study, accounting for the variability of calibration data and their effect on simulation results. Calibrated models with different calibration data sets were used to simulate three years of rainfall with different detention pond volumes. Annual pollutant load interception efficiencies were determined. Simulations results revealed i) that there is no advantage in using the EMC model compared to the SMC model and ii) that the BWT model resulted in higher design ratios than those given by the SMC/hydraulic approach. For both EMC and BWT models, using an increasing number n of events for calibration leads to narrower confidence intervals for the design ratios. It is crucial for design ratios to account for successive storm events in chronological order and to account for the maximum allowable flow to be transferred to the downstream WWTP
Diss, Stéphanie. "Apport de l'imagerie radar pour la connaissance spatio-temporelle des champs de pluie : utilisation pour une modélisation prédictive des crues." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066038.
Full textPheulpin, Lucie. "Fonctionnement hydro-sedimentaire d’un petit bassin versant en climat tropical humide : la titaaviri, ile de tahiti, polynesie française." Thesis, Polynésie française, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016POLF0006.
Full textThe inactive volcanic island of Tahiti, located in the South Pacific Ocean, is subject to a humid tropical climate characterized by strong precipitations. Thus, the island is eroded progressively, generating small highly reactive catchments. The aim of this PhD project is to analyze the hydro-sedimentary processes in the Titaaviri Catchment (15 km²) using the data collected during the field campaigns and the ones measured by the sensors. The hydrologic risk was first characterized for the whole island from rainfall and water level data available for a period of about 20 years. The extreme rainfalls have been modeled as a function of the topographic environment and extreme runoffs were analyzed in order to establish a regional model as a function of the topographic features of the watersheds. From the data acquired in the Titaaviri catchment, a rainfall-runoff model has been established using the software HEC-HMS. Then, the volume of dragged sediments was estimated during a major flood. Finally, extreme floods with different return periods were estimated in order to estimate the runoffs which the river could reach, and the quantities of sediment that could be dragged
Cheikho, Taher. "Synthèse spatio-temporelle des paramètres hydroclimatiques et modélisation hydrologique : application au bassin versant du Var." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE2002.
Full textThe objective of this PhD thesis is to contribute to a better comprehension of the hydrological behaviour of the Var catchment area located in the South-east of France and characterized by hydroclimatic contrasts associated with the topography, and to put a spatial database (topographic, occupation of soil, geological, hydrographic, hydroclimatic) managed by a Geographical Information System GIS at the disposal of the developers. The catchment is exposed to the hazards of the extreme rainfalls and consequently to the floods. In this context the climatic and hydrological hazards are analyzed through two main aspects: spatial and temporal distribution of the rainfalls and the transformation of the rainfalls into runoff. The automatic cartography of the rainfalls, significant factor of hydrological hazard, the temperatures and the potential evapotranspiration showed the determining influence of the relief on their spatial distributions. This regionalization was carried out using the multiple linear regressions and of the krigeage. The integration of the gradex of the catchment rainfalls from 1 to 3 days estimated according to the maximum rainfalls of the high-risk season (September-January) in the method of Gradex was used to calculate the instantaneous maximum discharges. The results obtained are coherent with those quoted in the literature. Modelling rainfall-runoff relationship on the Var and the principal sub-catchments was carried out with various steps of time. The models used (GR2M, LoiEau, GR4J, GR4JH and environment HEC-HMS) were calibrated and validated from the experimental measurements and made it possible to reconstitute the discharges and the floods of the Var catchment