Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modélisation des réseaux de capteurs'
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Samper, Ludovic. "Modélisations et analyses de réseaux de capteurs." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00283716.
Full textApplication de méthodes de validation formelle au cas des réseaux de capteurs.
Etude de cas du projet ANR ARESA.
Du, Wan. "Modélisation et simulation de réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00690466.
Full textNasreddine, Nadim. "Conception et modélisation d'un émulateur de réseaux de capteurs sans fils." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00719398.
Full textNoreen, Umber. "Modélisation d'interférence pour simulateur 3D de réseaux de capteurs dédiés aux villes intelligentes." Thesis, Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0111/document.
Full textMost of WSNs use unlicensed Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) frequency band that makes interference probable phenomenon on a given channel.System throughput gets influenced by the interference as it can congest wireless medium, cause packet drops, re-transmissions, link instability, and inconsistent protocol behavior. In wireless sensor network research, simulation is one of the essential approaches to asses and evaluate system or protocol performance. The accuracy of estimated results depends on selected simulation parameters. In existing analysis on WSN, simple interference models are used in simulations. However, these interference models are not accurate enough for practical wireless sensor network applications analysis.Moreover, the rapid growth in the field of WSNs entails the need of creating new simulators that have more specific capabilities to tackle interference and multipath propagation effects.Finding a suitable simulation environment that allows researchers to verify new ideas and compare proposed future solutions is main task of this research
Massouri, Abdelbasset. "Modélisation comportementale SystemC-AMS d’interfaces RF et liaisons radio multipoint pour réseaux de capteurs." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10068/document.
Full textThis work aims at implementing a simulation platform based on SystemC-AMS. It can handle a complex and heterogeneous system on chip (SoC). An application of wireless sensor network (WSN): inter-vehicle communication is used to validate this approach. To realize this application, a high level of abstraction was adopted and a baseband modeling of RF blocks has been developed. Besides, not only aspects related to the RF transceiver, but also the radio channel were studied.The current design flows enable the estimation of power consumption of digital blocks, however a high-level methodology for power consumption estimation of analog and RF blocks is still not available. We propose a Top-Down methodology based on the figure of merit (FoM) and system parameters to estimate the instantaneous power consumption of these blocks. Thus, estimates of overall consumption of nodes and the WSN are provided by the platform.We delivered a library implemented in SystemC-AMS for different blocks of a WSN such as node and radio channel. The results show the feasibility to simulate complex, RF and analog mixed SoC. In addition, they show the significant gain in terms of simulation time provided by the system-level simulation using SystemC-AMS and behavioural models of WSN.The platform developed in this work opens a variety of perspectives on many important aspects of system-level simulation of WSN. These aspects include the choice and optimization of routing algorithms, MAC protocols, signal processing algorithms, as a function of power consumption which is the main constraint of WSN
Delye, de Clauzade de Mazieux Alexandre. "Etude théorique des clusters multi-sauts dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fils." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066192.
Full textRandrianarisaina, Aina Andriamampianina. "Modélisation de la consommation d'énergie en vue de la conception conjointe (matériel/logiciel) des applications embarquées : application aux réseaux de capteurs sans fil (WSN)." Nantes, 2015. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=104e8d62-82c6-45b8-ae60-aea7ebbe171d.
Full textIn the field of embedded systems, constraints are often related to the size and energy. Embedded applications are becoming more sensitive to energy consumption. In fact, this latter depends on the autonomy of the application, but also its performances. One must take into account the constraints of energy consumption in the early stages of the specification and the design of a product. Therefore, the design of embedded systems constrained consumption is a key issue facing the need to control energy costs. For example, in the field of sensor networks, this aspect is a major constraint for which it is necessary to define innovative design strategies touching on all aspects involved in these systems. Our goal is to contribute to the definition of models and hardware and software architectures design methods of embedded systems, taking into account the constraints of energy consumption. The proposed models will be used for simulation but also to the design of systems architectures
Delteil, Jacques. "Modélisation et exploitation de réseaux linéaires pour la simulation en temps réel." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30105.
Full textNasreddine, Nadim. "Conception et modélisation d'un émulateur d'un réseau de capteurs sans fil." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAT0007/document.
Full textTo accelerate the design process of embedded systems, a fast and efficient simulation environment is needed. To make it efficient, the behavioral models of the elementary components of the system must be able to replace the real elements in their influences and responses to all the influential phenomena: disruptions, attenuation, delays...Our thesis work aims to contribute to this methodological approach: we treat the development of an emulator for WSNs. To do, two types of simulators have been studied:• The first is a software simulator based on the creation of behavioral models, described in VHDL-AMS.• The second is a hardware simulator based on the creation of behavioral logic models, described in synthesizable VHDL. The simulation will be done on an FPGA target. Changes may be made on the architecture dynamically
Garnier, Alexandre. "Langage dédié au traitement des événements complexes et modélisation des usages pour les réseaux de capteurs." Thesis, Nantes, Ecole des Mines, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EMNA0287/document.
Full textUsages of the internet of things experience an exponential growth these last few years. As a matter of fact, this is the result of, on one hand the significantly lowercosts in embedded computing systems, on the other hand the maturing of the software layers. From protocols and networks (CoAP, IPv6, etc) to standardization of ATMEL microcontrollers, tools at hand allow a better communication between more and more various sensors. This diversification gather every day users with different needs, expectations and fields of expertise, each one of them having his own approch, his own understanding of the connected things. The main issue concerns the complexity of the sensor networks, with regard to this necessity to address deeply different usages. Based on a single heterogeneous sensor network, it is critical to be able to meet the needs of each user, without having them to master the network beyond their own field of expertise. The tool described in this document aims at addressing this issue via a query engine dedicated to the processing of data collected from the sensors. Towards this end, it relies on a modelling of the sensors within several contexts, each of them reflecting a specific usage. On this basis a domain-specific language is provided, allowing complex event processing over the data monitored by the sensors. Furthermore, the implementation of this tool allows to interact with optional actuation functionalities of the sensor network
Souil, Marion. "Contribution à la qualité de service dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00919777.
Full textLucas, Pierre-Yves. "Modélisations, Simulations, Synthèses pour des réseaux dynamiques de capteurs sans fil." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0114/document.
Full textThe integration of environment and information systems is progressing quickly since 10 years. This allows to monitor natural, physical or societal evolutions; to capture their logic and sometimes to control their effects. This integration is feasible thanks to many technical and scientific progresses: sensors, wireless communications, system on chips, batteries, distributed systems and geo-localization. The benefits are important for climate change monitoring and resource savings.In this context, we have firstly achieved a learning of technologies and several practical system realizations. We have produced a navigation software (QuickMap) allowing to interface gis databases and tile servers similar to OpenStreetMap, taking care of sensor locations and outputs. QuickMap is also a nice frontend to produce cellular systems oriented to physical simulations.Using the NetGen platform, we have produced a simulation framework allowing to schedule mobile moves with sensor field activities. A case study was leo satellites visiting remote sensor systems, with investigations on two algorithms suitable for data collection and control.Finally we have addressed the question of observation system virtualization by using an high level, process oriented virtual machine (tvm) to control the wireless link, a step forward to make the distributed and local behaviours homogeneous in terms of programming and simulation.Many of our developments are currently involved in active projects.This thesis was funded by a grant of Brest Metropole Oceane (BMO) and was achieved in a wireless research group at University of Brest, Lab-STICC laboratory
Kouichi, Hamza. "Optimisation de réseaux de capteurs pour la caractérisation de source de rejets atmosphériques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLE020/document.
Full textThe main objective of this study is to define the methods required to optimize a monitoring network designed for atmospheric source characterization. The optimization consists in determining the optimal number and locations of sensors to be deployed in order to respond to such needs. In this context, the optimization is performed for the first time by a coupling between the data inversion technique named "renormalization" and the metaheuristic optimization algorithms. At first, the inversion method was evaluated for a point source, and then have allowed to define optimality criteria for networks design. In this study, the optimization process was evaluated in experiments carried out in flat terrain without obstacles (DYCE) and in an idealized urban environment (MUST). Three problems were defined and tested based on these experiments. These problems concern (i) the determination of the optimal network size for source characterization, for which a cost function (standard errors) estimating the gap between observations and modeled data, has been minimized; (ii) the optimal design of a network to retrieve an unknown point source for a particular meteorological condition. In this context, an entropy cost function has been maximized in order to increase the information’s amount provided by the network; (iii) the determination of an optimal network to reconstruct an unknown point source for multiple meteorological configurations. For this purpose, a generalized entropic cost function that we have defined, has been maximized. For these all problems, optimization is ensured within the framework of a combinatorial optimization approach. The determination of the optimal network size (problem 1) was highly sensitive to experimental conditions (source height and intensity, stability conditions, wind speed and direction, etc.). We have noted that the networks performance is better for a dispersion on flat terrain compared to the urban environments. We have also shown that different networks architectures can converge towards the same optimum (approximate or global). For unknown sources reconstruction (problems 2 and 3), the entropic cost functions have proven to be robust and allowed to obtain optimal networks (for reasonable sizes) capable of characterizing different sources for one or multiple meteorological conditions
Sharrock, Remi. "Gestion autonomique de performance, d'énergie et de qualité de service. Application aux réseaux filaires, réseaux de capteurs et grilles de calcul." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00578735.
Full textSandu, Popa Iulian. "Modélisation, interrogation et indexation de données de capteurs à localisation mobile dans un réseau routier." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009VERS0015.
Full textNew technologies such as GPS, sensors and ubiquitous computing are pervading our society. The movement of people and vehicles may be sensed and recorded, thus producing large volumes of mobility data. The state-of-the-art database management systems fail to handle such complex data and their processing. This thesis addresses the problem of managing mobile location sensor data. We analyze the limitations of existing work in modeling, querying and indexing moving objects with sensors on road networks. Then, we propose new solutions to deal with these limitations. The main contributions of the thesis are a data model and a query language for moving sensor data, and an access method for in-network trajectories of moving objects. We have implemented these proposals as a spatio-temporal database management system extension and evaluated them
Antoine-Santoni, Thierry. "Vers une application des réseaux de capteurs sans fil dans la problématique des feux de forêt : modélisation, simulation et plate-forme expérimentale." Corte, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2006CORT4004.
Full textOne of the causes which supports large scale wildfires is the alarm precision lack. Indeed, firemen need tools able to detect fast and specify a sit of a fire. A new generation of tool is appeared : Wireless Sensor Network. In environemental monitoring, these sensors networks, having decentralized architecture and deployed in a zone, must to transmit their information, by a multi-hop communication, towards a base station. For this communication, the routing protocols attempt to carry out reliable data transmission, while testing to save the energy resources. In the problems of forest fires, the networks of sensors are able to help them firemen. However, we identify three axes for which it is necessary to provide answers : these networks, are they able to envisage, detect and follow a fire ? To answer these questions, the existing simulation tools are incomplete or unusable in our context study. In this essay, we introduce a new application, DEVS-WSN, based on a DEVS description. It allows to study performance and the deployment stratégies of the Wireless Sensor Networks. Moreover, we present a new algorithm of routing VOX, which improves the energy saving and increases lifetime of the network in the particular context of destroying phenomenons. We supplement this theoretical study by a test of Wireless Sensor Network on real fire. All these work advances the conditions of use of Wireless Sensor Network in the fire problems
Bensetti, Mohamed. "Etude et modélisation de capteurs destinés au contrôle non destructif par courants de Foucault : mise en oeuvre de méthodes d'inversion." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112291.
Full textThis thesis work approaches the problematic related ones to the non destructif testing (ndt) by eddy current, it's divided into three great parts. The first parts is consecrated to implement of the inverse model for the estimate of the physical and geometrical paramters of the tested spicemen. For this fact, we were interested in the inverse models based by neural networks. In this context two application were studied. The micro-coil are dedicated for different applications : radio frequency (rf), nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr), non destructive testing (ndt). . . Depending on the applications, these micro-coils can be used in high frequency. Acctually, the response of the micro-coil at high frequency is significanly different from their low frequency response because of the skin and proximity effects have an influence on the electrical parameters of the micro-coils. The resistance and the inductance of the winding depend on the frequency. The parasitic capacitance of the winding cannot neglected. In the second part of this work, an original method combining by 3d magnetodynamic alalysis and electrostatic analysis is presented to determine the elements of an electric equivalent circuit. The last aspect studied was devoted to developpement of an hybrid approch associating the finite element method (fem) and the boundary integral method (bim) to calculate the response of the coil in the presence of the cracks. Two types of validations were carried out in this work, a comparison of the results obtained by fem with results provided by the cea ( software civa) and a validation of the hybrid method by measurement results
Arndt, Grégory. "Architecture système et conception électronique de réseaux de capteurs de masse à partir de micro et nanorésonateurs." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00658843.
Full textSharrock, Rémi. "Gestion autonomique de performance, d'énergie et de qualité de service : Application aux réseaux filaires, réseaux de capteurs et grilles de calcul." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2010. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/11717/1/sharrock.pdf.
Full textAl-Chama, Mhd Feras. "Modélisation des effets des réseaux IP sur la transmission des médias haptiques et l'adaptation du téléapprentissage haptique à l'état du réseau." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009VERS0005.
Full textLatency, jitter, packet loss are some of the network characteristics which affect haptic transmission, and consequently affect motor or haptic skill tele-transfer (telementoring). As an application, we studied haptic telementoring in virtual surgical environment. The choice of simulator was made from our study of several projects in the surgical field from which we built a platform for surgical simulation, as a basis of our haptic e-learning system. Our study had two main objectives:To determine the optimal network parameters operational zones in haptic telementoring. To model the effect of network lag on the motor skill tele-transfer quality. This model was incorporated in our haptic e-learning platform making it adaptive to network status and ensuring a robust and stable e-learning environment
Bakni, Michel. "Outil de dimensionnement trans-niveaux de réseaux de capteurs sans fil contraints en énergie." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BORD0087.
Full textWireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a set of battery-powered nodes that include sensors coupled with processing units and wireless transceivers. Nowadays, WSN is a major topic in the research and development domain. Indeed, it constitutes an interesting solution to give an answer to different situations related to social, societal and economic issues such as the need to manage the Smart Grids or to supervise patient’s health in the context of the aging population. This kind of network has the capacity to be simply deployed in harsh environments, such as forests, volcanoes and buildings, to achieve various goals, like tracking targets, animals or human beings for example, or monitoring physical phenomena, such as patient physiological signals or ambient temperature in a building.However, the deployment of WSNs can be critical because of the difficult conditions imposed by the application environment, for example, the high temperatures in the case of volcano activity supervision, or the impossibility of reaching the nodes after deployment, when the WSN must be used to structural health monitoring of a highway or a building. Therefore, researchers and developers need tools to test and evaluate, in the design process of a WSN, node and network performances before deploying it in real surroundings.In this context, simulation can provide a solution that can save time, cost, and effort before deploying a WSN application in its real environment. This explains that simulation tools are widely used in WSN designing stages and for research works evaluation related to this kind of network. Nevertheless, designing a WSN, dedicated to a specific application, needs to address its multilevel structure: topology, nodes and circuits. Thus, to handle the main challenges of WSN design such as energy issues, WSN modelling is considered a complex task because the adopted modelling approach has to take into account the WSN multilevel structure in order to provide exploitable results from different points of view at the same time.In this thesis, we define, propose and implement a cross-level energy-aware model for WSN that allows considering different levels of abstraction at the same time: circuits, nodes and topology. This energy-oriented model is able to trace the energy consumption from multiple points of view: a specific circuit's activity, circuit or node activities, as well as the impact on the WSN lifetime. The proposed model is implemented in a dedicated WSN simulator, which is used, defining different scenarios, to compare obtained results with a well-known simulator and physical WSN nodes with the aim to validate the relevance of our approach
Zouinkhi, Ahmed. "Contribution à la modélisation de produit actif communicant, Spécification et Evaluation d'un protocole de communication orienté sécurité des produits." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00594402.
Full textGogu, Ada. "Dimensionnement des réseaux RCSF sous des contraintes énergétiques : modèles mathématiques et méthodes d'optimisation." Compiègne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012COMP2028.
Full textIn this thesis, we focused on the development of optimal methods regarding WSN dimensioning problems, mostly encountered during the planning phase. These were instantiated basically into three combinatorial optimization problems. The network deployment scheme which seeks to place the sensors in a such way that the cost of communication operations is minimized. The network configuration problem that asks to find a strategy for dividing the network such that some criteria are satisfied. In the problem’s model we took into account the data aggregation constraint and the discrete values of power transmission. For both problems we proposed a resolution method, based on dynamic programming, which permitted us to solve them optimally. Finally, the joint problem of scheduling and power assignment, consisted in finding a feasible scheduling under SINR constraints and a power assignment scheme to guarantee successful concurrent transmissions. As the problem is shown to be NP-hard we propose a greedy heuristic. The resolution method for the power assignment strategy, an iterative algorithm based on linear programming, provides optimal solutions
Berthe, Abdoulaye. "Modélisation et simulation de réseaux locaux et personnels sans fil : intégration des couches PHY et MAC." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1568/.
Full textIn this work, we focus on physical and medium access control layer modeling and simulation for short range wireless communication. In particular, the modeling of the Impulse Radio Ultra Wide Band technique for wireless sensor networks and the high data rate communication modeling which uses millimeter wave and beamforming. The first part deals with the modeling of Impulse Radio Ultra Wide Band. The proposed model takes into account the pulse collision induced by multiple concurrent transmissions at the physical layer which is also called multi user interference. This aspect is accurately introduced thanks to the concept of reception time hopping sequences of concurrent reception and their orthogonality. The simulation architecture is built using two models: the first model is based on a uniformly distributed pulse train and the second model, more complete, takes into account variable time hopping sequences. The performance evaluation of this part is based on a typical wireless sensor networks application, in which sensor nodes are scattered on a particular area to detect and report intrusion events to a base station. The second part deals with the modeling of high data rate communication using millimeter wave. The targeted goal of millimeter wave transmission is to increase the data rate using some novel techniques: beamforming and data aggregation. Beamforming is modeled on the so-called codebook beamforming defined as the new beamforming technique for high data rate wireless communication standards. A methodology is developed to take into account the radiation pattern defined by the codebook indexes. For each index the gain of the directional antenna is computed for each direction. This is used in the simulation model physical layer to determine the directional antenna gain in a particular direction during the propagation stage. The defined protocols for sector level and beam level training defined in the 802. 15. 3c draft are also modeled. The performance evaluation of this part is based on a multimedia distribution system
Zouinkhi, Ahmed. "Contribution à la modélisation de produit actif communicant : spécification et évaluation d'un protocole de communication orienté sécurité des produits." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10010/document.
Full textMonitoring of chemical product storage is a delicate operation in the sense that it requires knowledge of the nature of each stored product, their location, their interaction and possible actions to be implemented in case of emergency. To facilitate the storage management, this thesis proposes to use the concept of ambient where the product has its own information system and wireless communication so as to make it intelligent and autonomous. This thesis proposes and develops a model of internal behavior of active product that allows a distributed approach of active security. This can lead to a communication protocol of application level to embed the active products. This protocol is formally assessed using hierarchical colored Petri nets. Finally, this protocol is implemented in the simulator Castalia/Omnet++ to analyze it in several scenarios and also for the experience when going to scale. The results show the usefulness and feasibility of the concept of active product
Gorce, Jean-Marie. "Contribution à la modélisation et l'optimisation des systèmes radio ambiants en réseau." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, INSA de Lyon, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00406212.
Full textLe premier axe de notre travail est d'améliorer les outils de simulation et de modélisation de la couche physique afin de réduire l'écart entre ces modèles et l'environnement réel.
Le deuxième axe consiste à évaluer l'impact d'une telle modélisation sur les performances des réseaux. Pour cela, nous étudions deux problématiques. La première concerne la planification des réseaux sans fil et la deuxième concerne la connexité des réseaux de capteurs.
Durou, Hugo. "Vers l'autonomie énergétique des réseaux de capteurs embarqués : conception et intégration d'un générateur piézoélectrique et d'un micro dispositif de stockage capacitif en technologie silicium." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00578741.
Full textSelloum, Ahmed. "Localisation multi-capteurs d'un véhicule routier sous contraintes cartographiques : mise en oeuvre d'un filtre particulaire et d'une modélisation multivoies de la route par des clothoïdes." Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NANT2085.
Full textIn the field of Intelligent Transportation Systems, many Advanced Driver Assistance Systems require reliable and precise location of the vehicle in real time on a digital map. The GPS technology, combined with a standard map, is generally satisfactory for conventional navigation systems, however, it suffers from serious problems when the application requires an accuracy at a road lane level with a confidence indicator associated. The thesis is based on three proposals that bring an innovative solution to the problem : 1) the use of a precise digital map describing all the lanes of the road as a series of clothoïds (spirals), 2) the choice of a discrete-continuous state vector that comprises directly the coordinates of the vehicle on the map, 3) the use of a particle filter that can handle multiple hypotheses, estimate the probabilities associated with each of them and apply easily cartographic constraints. From a practical standpoint, this assignment of the vehicle to a road lane on the map is important because the driving rules and some driver information are tied to the infrastructure at this level of detail. The implementation of this system was conducted in two steps. First, the location of the vehicle is done by a particle filter with space constraints defined by a precise map. The results obtained from simulation and real data show in detail the interests of the proposed method compared to a conventional system. In a second step, the use of the directional constraint of the road and of a vehicle evolution multi-model allows to remedy the possible effects of a bad gyro
Van, Roy Stéphane. "Modélisation spatio-temporelle ultra-large bande du canal de transmission pour réseaux corporels sans fil." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210003.
Full textL’objectif de cette Thèse vise la réduction de la consommation énergétique au niveau des senseurs de sorte à leur garantir une autonomie de quelques mois, voire de quelques années. En réponse à cette contrainte énergétique, une association innovante de deux technologies émergentes est proposée, à savoir une combinaison des transmissions à ultra-large bande aux systèmes à multiples antennes. Une nouvelle architecture pour les réseaux corporels sans fil est donc envisagée pour laquelle les performances doivent être évaluées. Notre principale contribution à cet objectif consiste en la proposition d'une modélisation spatio-temporelle complète du canal de transmission dans le cadre de senseurs répartis autour du corps. Cette modélisation fait appel à la définition de nouveaux modèles, l'élaboration d'outils spécifiques d'extraction de paramètres et une compréhension fine des mécanismes de propagation liés à la proximité du corps humain. Ce manuscrit présente les résultats majeurs de nos recherches en cette matière.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Zitouni, Adel. "Modélisation et conception d'un capteur à courants de Foucault intelligent pour l'identification de canalisations enterrées." Reims, 2006. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000353.pdf.
Full textIn this thesis, we present the modeling of an eddy current sensor based on the induction balance principle. The objective of this detector is the localization and the identification of buried pipes without excavation. We have defines a tag for each pipe type, and the recognition of the tag involves the identification of the pipe. We call tag a succession of conductive elements, the length and spaces between these elements vary from a tag to another. Our detector includes an emitting coil which generates an electromagnetic field, and receiving coils collect the reflected field created by the eddy current in the conductive elements of the tag. A measurement of dephasing by lock-in detection allows obtaining a signal representative of the tag elements. This measurement is then conditioned thanks to a stage of filtering and denoising per Blind Source Separation (BSS) in order to eliminate the presence of an eventual conductive object in the neighbourhoods. The data analysis allows the calculation of the pertinent parameters to carry out classification. We added a new coding system compatible and complementary to the old one, as well as classifiers ensuring his identification such as: the transformation distance, DTW (Dynamic Time Warping) and the structural recognition. We added three classifiers for the first coding system, based on K near neighbourhood, the Mahalanobis distance and the Radial Basis Function (RBF) to reinforce the recognition system. A combination of the various classifiers results by a method of data fusion makes it possible to obtain a good reliability of the system. In the last part, we present the many development prospects whose principal one rests on the use of magnetic targets like tag elements
Berthe, Abdoulaye. "Modélisation et simulation de réseaux locaux et personnels sans fil : intégration des couches PHY et MAC." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00706636.
Full textMonnet, Quentin. "Modèles et mécanismes pour la protection contre les attaques par déni de service dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1023/document.
Full textMemory and little energy available), communicating through electromagnetic transmissions. In spite of these limitations, sensors are able to self-deploy and to auto-organize into a network collecting, gathering and forwarding data about their environment to the user. Today those networks are used for many purposes: “intelligent transportation”, monitoring pollution level in the environment, detecting fires, or the “Internet of things” are some example applications involving sensors. Some of them, such as applications from medical or military domains, have strong security requirements. The work of this thesis focuses on protection against “denial of service” attacks which are meant to harm the good functioning of the network. It relies on the use of monitoring sensors: these sentinels are periodically renewed so as to better balance the energy consumption. New mechanisms are introduced so as to establish an efficient selection process for those sensors: the first one favors the ease of deployment (random selection), while the second one promotes load balancing (selection based on residual energy) and the last one is about better security (democratic election based on reputation scores). Furthermore, some tools are provided to model the system as continuous-time Markov chains, as stochastic Petri networks (which are reusable for model checking operations) or even as quantitative games
Belconde, Antoine. "Modélisation de la détection de présence humaine." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00585372.
Full textTraore, Mahamadou. "Modélisation cellulaire et simulation physique : contribution à l'analyse de la dynamique de population des insectes ravageurs." Thesis, Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0011/document.
Full textInsect pests have long been a serious threat to agriculture in many parts of the world. In particular, desert locusts (Schistocerca Gregaria) are the most feared because of the colossal damage they can inflict on a wide variety of crops.The latter, in their breeding environment and a set of climatic parameters, can be assimilated to a biophysical system. A biophysical system associates several components characterized by their own complexity and that of their interactions. For example, rain brings moisture and canopy development that is critical in Desert Locust population dynamics. These biophysical systems can be controlled by various means, including a monitoring network coupling wireless sensors. The integration of biophysical systems and observation networks can be one of the major events of this decade. It allows an exchange between physical cyclical processes and information systems. These can collect and process field data and can also act on the physical system through feedback loops. This integration has been made possible thanks to technological advances noted in the fields of microelectronics and wireless transmission. It is found in emerging fields such as fine agriculture. This thesis is devoted to cellular modeling and simulation of physical systems. For this, a spatial and temporal sampling of a Desert Locust breeding area was carried out using specific tools with different resolutions, in order to generate the cellular systems. These cellular systems contain information such as wind, temperature, relative humidity and rainfall. Spatial sampling allows a migration representation and temporal sampling can track the local evolution of individuals in a cell.Cellular systems are transcribed into communicating process networks and evolve synchronously to reproduce and simulate the phenomenon of intercellular migration and the life cycle of the Desert Locust in a cell. The construction of these systems has been explored in depth, making vary their geographical context, the criteria for classification, the cells, connectivity between processes, collective behaviors.Exploration has focused on the generation of parallel codes and performance at the execution, mainly for the case of lite processes.This work has led to the production of two parametric simulators, the first of which is aimed at Desert Locust population dynamics with a view to assessing the state of the locust situation through coupling between synchronous monitoring networks and biophysical systems. The second allows you to plan the deployment of wireless sensor networks in an area to determine the location of the sensors
Kouassi, Kouakou. "Modélisation et optimisation des transmissions ultra-large bande à impulsions radio dans les réseaux ad hoc." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10197/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on impulse radio Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) transmissions in ad hoc sensor network. Such networks are able to generate strong enough multiple access interference to be less reliable. The method used to distinguish data is the Pulse Position Modulation where different delay is assign to each data type. The purpose of this study is to suggest proposals to mitigate this issue while fitting with the radio waves regulations in the countries where these networks will operate. As a rough guide, this thesis only refers to the American UWB regulation. However, the obtained results are relevant to any kind of mask. The masks are highly restrictive, we therefore interested to the transmitted signals spectrum shapes, first, in order to guarantee an optimal use of the available power. The proposal we made for this purpose reveals highly interesting. Then an analytical model taking into account the last suggestion is built to numerically evaluate the performances. These performances are compared to the ones obtained with Monte-Carlo simulations. It appears that the model is accurate enough to be used in an optimisation process. This process aims to find data signals that give the best performances and the optimal spectral occupancies, at the same time. The obtained results show that our proposal allows to make more reliable transmissions in dense ad hoc sensor networks
Bezerra, Cardoso Maurício Henrique. "Modélisation de la propagation des ondes électromagnétiques près du sol : application aux réseaux sans fil." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1035/document.
Full textMotivated by the development of various applications deploying antennas near an interface, such as military systems (UGS), wireless body area networks (BAN) and environmental monitoring involving ground sensors, this thesis deals with the near-ground wave propagation modelling. First, the results of the geometrical optics are confronted with the approximations provided by Norton and Bannister. This study reveals the cases where geometrical optics does not correctly describe the wave propagation near the surface. For a more comprehensive understanding, Green's functions of this type of propagation, presented as Sommerfeld integrals, are evaluated using the steepest descent technique. This evaluation offers the possibility to extract three important equations for near-ground wave propagation. The first one presents the essential condition under which the link budget can benefit from the ground proximity through the excitation of a diffracted wave component propagating near the interface. The other two equations identify critical distances indicating the beginning and the end of the zone with an improved path loss. All these three equations highlight the role of certain physical parameters, in particular the electromagnetic properties of the ground, the working frequency and the heights of the antennas. This thesis also includes the practical solutions that can be considered to demonstrate the feasibility of improving a wireless link by the proximity of the antennas to the interface. Since floor coating is of major importance, we present preliminary research on the realisation and characterisation of a suitable material for this type of propagation. In a parallel research axis, this thesis also evaluates the accuracy and relevance of a new theoretical formulation for near-ground propagation. The "so-called Schelkunoff" formulation has become a controversial issue in the scientific community
Hamachi, Mourad. "Mesure dynamique de l'épaisseur du dépôt à l'aide d'un capteur optique et modélisation par réseau de neurones de la microfiltration tangentielle de suspensions." Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT035G.
Full textLu, Juan. "Modeling, simulation and implementation of an 802.15.4 based adaptive communication protocol in wireless sensor network : application to monitoring the elderly at home." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAT0016/document.
Full textMonitoring behavior of the elderly and the disabled living alone has become a major public health problem in our modern societies. Among the various scientific aspects involved in the home monitoring field, we are interested in the study and the proposal of a solution allowing distributed sensor nodes to communicate with each other in an optimal way adapted to the specific application constraints. More precisely, we want to build a wireless network which consists of several short range sensor nodes exchanging data between them according to a communication protocol at MAC (medium access control) level that optimizes energy consumption, transmission time and loss of information. To achieve this objective, we have analyzed the advantages and the limitations of WPAN (wireless personal area network) technology and communication protocols currently used in relation to the requirements of our application. We then proposed a deterministic, adaptive and energy saving medium access method based on the IEEE 802.15.4 physical layer and a mesh topology. It ensures the message delivery time with strongly limited collision risk due to the spatial reuse of medium in the two-hop neighborhood. This proposal was characterized by modeling and simulation using the OPNET network simulator. We then implemented the proposed mechanisms on hardware devices and deployed a sensors network in real situation to verify the accuracy of the model and evaluate the proposal according to different test configurations
Bella, Malika. "Développement d'une approche multi-échelle de modélisation de dispositifs thermoélectriques : application à des systèmes de capteurs sans fils autonomes sur le corps humain." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4755.
Full textThermoelectric devices, capitalizing on waste heat conversion, offer good prospects for the development of autonomous systems. The main challenges for technology development are to obtain flexible, environmentally friendly and low-cost thermoelectric devices with performances sufficient enough to power small electronic devices. The aim of this thesis was thus to propose a methodology for the global analysis of thermoelectric devices for ambient temperature applications. The developed methodology enables the evaluation of key parameters impact on the global system. First, a multiscale approach for thermoelectric devices modelling is developed. In this scope, three parallel levels of modeling are addressed. At the system level, a compact model is developed in order to evaluate overall system efficiency as a function of the thermal environment. At the device level, virtual prototypes of printed devices are built and their performances are evaluated via a finite-element simulation tool. Low temperature gradient has to be dealt with by appropriate architecture design. At the material level, quantum DFT is used in conjunction with semi-classical approach using Boltzmann transport theory to calculate electronic properties. Tetrahedrite and famatinite compounds are chosen due to their promising thermoelectric properties at room temperature and their relative abundance and low cost. Secondly, an experimental work has been conducted on the synthesis of sulphide nanoparticles. Quasi-monodisperse nanoparticles with a size not exceeding 50 nm have successfully been fabricated via a low cost and easily scalable surfactant assisted solvothermal technique
Afaneh, Ahmad. "GIS – based urban information system for Sustainable and Smart Cities : application to "SunRise – Smart City" demonstrator." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10220/document.
Full textThe thesis concerns the use of the Geographic information system (GIS) for the construction of urban information system for Sustainable and Smart Cities. The work includes both the development of a methodology for the construction of the GIS-based urban information system and its application on to the large-scale demonstrator of the Smart and Sustainable City (SunRise Smart City).The thesis is composed of four parts. The first part includes a state of the art on the emergence of the Smart City Concept and the achievements in this area. It also presents the Geographic Information System (GIS) and its use in both environmental and urban areas.The second chapter presents the application of the GIS for the construction of the Urban Information System of the Scientific Campus of the University of Lille, which is used as a demonstration site for the project SunRise Smart City. The urban information system includes information about the campus buildings as well as the urban networks. The third chapter presents the use of the GIS for the visualization of dynamic data concerning urban networks, which is collected by smart sensors. The chapter presents the methodology followed for the dynamic data visualization as well as the application of this methodology on the water consumption data.The last chapter presents the use of the BIM in the SunRise urban information system for the management of buildings. The methodology is first presented then it is applied to a building of the Campus
Lu, Juan. "Modélisation, simulation et implémentation d'un protocole de communication adaptatif dans un réseau de capteurs sans fil basé sur IEEE 802.15.4 et adapté à la surveillance de personnes à domicile." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00862824.
Full textBillaud, Yann. "Modélisation hybride stochastique-déterministe des incendies de forêts." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10100/document.
Full textMost of the area burned by forest fires is attributable to the few fires that escape initial attack to become large. As a consequence large-scale fires produce a large amount of green-house gases and particles which contribute to the global warming. Heterogeneous conditions of weather, fuel, and topography are generally encountered during the propagation of large fires. This shapes irregular contours and fractal post-fire patterns, as revealed by satellite maps. Among existing wildfire spread models, stochastic models seem to be good candidates for studying the erratic behavior of large fires, due to the above-mentioned heterogeneous conditions. The model we developed is a variant of the so-called small-world network model. Flame radiation and fuel piloted ignition are taken into account in a deterministic way at the macroscopic scale. The radiative interaction domain of a burning cell is determined from Monte Carlo simulation using the solid flame model. Some cases are studied, ranging from relatively simple to more complex geometries like an irregular flame fronts or an ethanol pool fire. Then, a numerical model is developed to investigate the piloted ignition of litters composed of maritime pine needles. A genetic algorithm is used to locate a set of model parameters that provide optimal agreement between the model predictions and the experimental data in terms of ignition time and mass loss. The model results had shown the importance of char surface oxidation for heat fluxes close to the critical flux for ignition. Finally, the small-world network model was used to simulate fire patterns in heterogeneous landscapes. Model validation was achieved to an acceptable degree in terms of contours, burned area and fractal properties, through comparison of results with data from a small controlled bushfire experiment and a historical Mediterranean fire. Therefore, it has been proven to be a powerful tool in the sizing of fortifications as fuel break areas at the wildland urban interface or in the understanding of atypical behavior in particular configurations (talweg, slope breaking, etc.). It has also been used for the optimization of an in-situ sensor network whose purpose is to detect precociously and to locate precisely small fires, preventing them from spreading and burning out of control. Our objective was to determine the minimum number and placement of sensors deployed in the forest
Rammouz, Ramzy. "Optimisation de la gestion d’énergie dans les systèmes embarqués." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI122/document.
Full textWhether it is to monitor patients at home, or to prevent the isolation and vulnerability of the elderly, the emerging electronic monitoring and assistance systems offer new opportunities. The technological development we have witnessed allows individuals, hospitals, or medical aid organizations to provide the diagnosis, prevention, control or even treatment of patients outside of conventional clinical settings (measurements of physiological parameters, drug administration, fall detection, etc.).Recent developments in connected objects made efficient remote patient monitoring possible. In other words, we are able to use a network of wearable or implantable sensors to remotely obtain real time measurements of a patient’s vital signs (temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, etc.). Data is transmitted (and / or stored) to medical personnel who are able to perform diagnosis and define treatments accordingly. An optimal design (transmission protocols, data storage, etc.) and energy management are the bottlenecks involved in the implementation of such systems. This work proposes to develop a tool to help in the design of medical sensor networks. It aims to provide information regarding feasibility during the early stages of the design thus ensuring that a "well-constructed" circuit is obtained. The emphasis is on the control (or even reduction) of energy consumption. In this regard, an efficient energy consumption simulation at the beginning of the design flow would enable the user to decide on system parameters. This will ensure an optimal management of the available energy and eventually a longer network lifetime. The proposed tool is centered on the optimization of the energy consumption using Matlab environment. It is built over a model of the energy consumption of wireless sensor nodes. It is intended to be generic and accurate. In fact, it enables fast creation of new component description based on the datasheets. These components are reusable thus producing a growing database. In addition to energy consumption estimation, the tool uses optimization routines to guide the user through an energy aware design (picking energy sources, components, network configuration, etc.) that complies with medical requirements. An application to a single Bluetooth Low Energy body temperature sensor is first proposed. The same sensor is then included in a physiological sensor network. A physical implementation is used in order to compare the results obtained through simulation with practical measurements
Do, Minh-Tien. "Ultra-narrowband wireless sensor networks modeling and optimization." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0065/document.
Full textThis thesis aims at modeling the low-throughput wireless sensor networks (WSNs) based on ultra-narrow-band technology. Such wireless network is already been deployed by Sigfox company and has proved to be ultra-efficient for the Internet of things (IoTs) applications thanks to its ability of point-to-point communication in terms of power efficiency and long range connectivity. In particular, this thesis gives some insights on the scalability of UNB technology for a multi-point-to-point network in an uplink scenario. The multiple access schemes based on random time and frequency selection are introduced and analyzed. Furthermore, the interference impact due to the lack of scheduling strategy at the MAC layer is studied and modeled. Our simplified model using rectangular function allows us not only to describe the aggregate interference power but also evaluate the system performance of such network in terms of the bit-error-rate and outage probability. Besides, the geometry stochastic is used for spatial node distribution in order to extend the simplified model in the realistic channel communication where the channel impairments are taken into account. Besides, the retransmission mechanism is considered for such network. This study argues an optimal number of retransmission. The network can be configured with a unique global parameter. Last but not least, this thesis highlights the fact that the UNB network using Random-FTDMA schemes is very relevant in a realistic network, especially for low-throughput applications, because it bypasses the high network cost, the cost of global synchronization but without loss of performance
Aïzan, Josky. "Modélisation et reconnaissance d'activités quotidiennes au sein d'une maison intelligente : application à la surveillance des personnes âgées." Thesis, Littoral, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020DUNK0557.
Full textThe ADL systems for keeping seniors at home are expanding today. The new approaches involve setting up an automated activity monitoring system in a smart home equipped with wearable sensors such as Global Positioning System (GPS), electronics bracelets or RFID chips. These sensors unfortunately have the constraint to be worn constantly. The use of binary sensors is an increasingly common alternative. In this thesis we proposed modeling and recognition of daily activities within a smart home equipped with binary sensors. The first phase of the proposed architecture concerns activity modelling. Deterministic and uncertain sequential pattern mining algorithms were used. These algorothms contain a pre-processing phase that integrates the temporal constraint between events. The performance of these algorithms was evaluated on the MIT database, which contains a collection of human activities from two instruments of 77 and 84 sensors respectively. These experiments show that the number and quality of models from the modeling phase are strongly linked to the confidence rate of the sensors. The second phase of architecture involves the recognition of activities. During this phase, two approaches are proposed. The first approach is to pair the random forest method with the deterministic sequential pattern mining algorithm. This approach incorporates a temporal characterization of the activity models discovered. An experiment is carried out on the MIT database and the results in terms of activity recognition are 98% for the subject 1 and 95% for the subject 2. These results are compared with those in the literature to reflect the performance of the proposed approach. The second approach uses the sequence alignment recognition method based on the Levenshtein distance coupled with the uncertain sequential pattern mining. At this level, the uncertain sequential pattern mining algorithm integrates both the management of time constraints between events and the management of the uncertainty of data from the sensors. The performance of this method was evaluated on the MIT and CASAS databases. The CASAS database contains a collection of data from realistic scenarios to detect normal and intertwined daily activities. The results of the experiments on its two databases show that the recognition rate is an increasing function of the confidente rate of the sensors. These results are 100% and 94% respectively for the normal and interweave activities of the CASAS base and 93% and 90% respectively for the activities of subjects 1 and 2 of the MIT base. Compared with those in literature, these results highlight the effectiveness of our method
Leon, Ojeda Luis. "Short-term multi-step ahead traffic forecasting." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT081/document.
Full textThis dissertation falls within the domain of the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). In particular, it is concerned with the design of a methodology for the real-time multi-step ahead travel time forecasting using flow and speed measurements from a instrumented freeway. To achieve this objective this thesis develops two main methodologies. The first one, a model-free, uses only speed measurements collected from the freeway, where a mean speed is assumed between two consecutive collection points. The travel time is forecasted using a noise Adaptive Kalman Filter (AKF) approach. The process noise statistics are computed using an online unbiased estimator, while the observations and their noise statistics are computed using the clustered historical traffic data. Forecasting problems are reformulated as filtering ones through the use of pseudo-observations built from historical data. The second one, a model-based, uses mainly traffic flow measurements. Its main appealing is the use of a mathematical model in order to reconstruct the internal state (density) in small road portions, and consequently exploits the relation between density and speed to forecast the travel time. The methodology uses only boundary conditions as inputs to a switched Luenberger state observer, based on the ``Cell Transmission Model'' (CTM), to estimate the road initial states. The boundary conditions are then forecasted using the AKF developed above. Consequently, the CTM model is run using the initial conditions and the forecasted boundaries in order to obtain the future evolution of densities, speeds, and finally travel time. The added innovation in this approach is the space discretization achieved: indeed, portions of the road, called ``cells'', can be chosen as small as desired and thus allow obtaining a finer tracking of speed variations. In order to validate experimentally the developed methodologies, this thesis uses as study case the Grenoble South Ring. This freeway, enclosing the southern part of the city from A41 to A480, consists of two carriageways with two lanes. For this study only the direction east-west was considered. With a length of about 10.5 km, this direction has 10 on-ramps, 7 off-ramps, and is monitored through the Grenoble Traffic Lab (GTL) that is able to provide reliable traffic data every 15 s, which makes it possible for the forecasting strategies to be validated in real-time. The results show that both methods present strong capabilities for travel time forecasting: considering the entire freeway, in 90% of the cases it was obtained a maximum forecasting error of 25% up to a forecasting horizon of 45 min. Furthermore, both methods perform as good as, or better than, the average historical. In particular, it is obtained that for horizons larger than 45 min, the forecasting depended exclusively on the historical data. For the dataset considered, the assessment study also showed that the model-based approach was more suitable for horizons shorter than 30 min
Chauffaut, Corentin. "Etude de la phase de transition d'un drone tiré par tube dédié : modélisation et commande." Thesis, Compiègne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014COMP2154/document.
Full textThe motivation that initiated the ANR research project "Démonstrateur Gun Launched Micro Air Vehicle" is the need to have a portable system which would permi tto quickly obtain images of an zone of interest placed at some hundred of meters, with the possibility to observe inside buildings either by their windows or by going inside them.To answer this need, the French-German Research Institute of St Louis got the idea o fusing a gun launched rotorcraft-MAV. The GLMAV, in its projectile form, is launched from a portable launching tube to a distance of 500m and a height of 100m, where it will collect and transmit visual information from the scene. The use of a projectile/rotorcraft-MAV hybrid system has two main advantages : it allows extending the MAV range,and the first images of the interest zone are obtained very quickly. During this PhD, we studied the transition phase, the passage from a projectile to a rotorcraft-MAV. A detailed aerodynamic model of the GLMAV has been obtained over his whole flight envelope. Taking into account the difficulties encountered during the transition phase (perturbation of the sensors caused by the 2500g acceleration at the launch, varying initial conditions),we developed a control strategy, and a velocity control law based on the backstepping methodology. This control strategy has been validated in simulation. The attitude control law has been validated on the GLMAV prototype. Studies on optical flow, to obtain the lateral velocities of the GLMAV, have been started
Ahmed, Yousif Elhadi Elsideeg. "Modeling, Scheduling and Optimization of Wireless Sensor Networks lifetime." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0315/document.
Full textWireless sensor networks (WSNs), as a collection of sensing nodes with limited processing, limited energy reserve and radio communication capabilities, are widely implemented in many areas of applications such as industry, environment, healthcare, etc. Regarding this large range of applications, many research issues are introduced including the applications, performance, reliability, lifetime, etc. The WSNs lifetime considered in this work is the period of time through which theWSN is perfectly completing its function. This lifetime is affected by many factors including the amount of energy available, failure probability and components degradation. The amount of energy available become the most important factor in case of non renewable components applications. Different algorithms, strategies and optimization techniques were developed and implemented for this purpose based on the possibility of activating a subset of sensors that satisfied the monitoring constraint, while keeping the others in sleep mode to be implemented later. This is an NP complete maximization problem that can be solved using disjoint set covers (DSCs). But the solution obtained using DSCs does not extend always significantly the WSNs lifetime. So, the present work aims to search for a better solution using non-disjoint set covers (NDSCs). This approach gives the opportunity for a sensor to be implemented in one or more subset covers. For that purpose, we studied a binary representation based model to maximize the number of NDSCs. Also, we developed a genetic algorithm based heuristic based on this model to find out the maximum number of NDSCs in a reasonable time. Thus, for a set of m sensors used to monitor a set of n targets or a field, this heuristic allows to construct a maximum number q of NDSCs. Additional effort is required to find the best scheduling for implementing the NDSCs so as to maximize the lifetime of the sensors involved in the WSNs, considering their limited available energy. This problem is formulated using integer linear programming (ILP) mathematical model. The objective function of this problem is the sum of all monitoring seasons on which all q NDSCs scheduled, and the constraint is the energy consumption in all sensors included in all NDSCs. Solving this problem using ILP in a period of time depends on the complexity of the model and the instances used. To find the solution in reasonable time, we have developed a NDSCs based genetic algorithm (NDSC-GA). The candidate solutions are represented in chromosomes composed of a number of genes equal to the number q of NDSCs, and each gene is the number of monitoring seasons on which a NDSC is scheduled. We have then developed a GA that combines the four crossover operators and four mutation operators. The GA based methods are coded in C programming language to obtain a satisfying solution and the Cplex software was used to obtain the corresponding exact solution. Comparing the optimal solution obtained using the ILP on small instances, to the solutions obtained using our GA based method explained that our methods can find a solution near the optimal in reasonable time. Then, comparing the solution obtained using our NDSCs GA based methods, to the DSCs GA based method in the literature, we showed that the NDSCs GA can prolong the WSNs lifetime better than DSCs GA for the same instances. Our approach combines together the scheduling principles and the optimization techniques to maximizing the WSNs lifetime
Rodriguez, Delphy. "Caractérisation de la pollution urbaine en Île-de-France par une synergie de mesures de surface et de modélisation fine échelle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS341.
Full textThe harmful effects of air pollution need a high-resolution concentration estimate. Ambient pollutant concentrations are routinely measured by surface monitoring sites of local agencies (AIRPARIF in Paris area, France). Such networks are not dense enough to represent the strong horizontal gradients of pollutant concentrations over urban areas. And, high-resolution models that simulate 3D pollutant concentration fields have a large spatial coverage but suffer from uncertainties. Those both information sources exploited independently are not able to accurately assess an individual’s exposure. We suggest two approaches to solve this problem : (1) direct pollution measurement by using low cost mobile sensors and reference instruments. A high variability across pollution levels is shown between microenvironments and also in the same room. Mobile sensors should be deployed on a large scale due to their technical constraints. Reference instruments are very expensive, cumbersome, and can only be used occasionally. (2) by combining concentration fields of the Parallel Micro-SWIFT-SPRAY (PMSS) model over Paris at a horizontal resolution of 3 meters with AIRPARIF local ground stations measurements. We determined “representativeness areas” - perimeter where concentrations are very close to the one of the station location – only from PMSS simulations. Next, we developed a Bayesian model to extend the stations measurements within these areas
Heurtefeux, Karel. "Protocoles Localisés pour Réseaux de Capteurs." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00449801.
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